HP A7143A RAID160 SA Controller Support Guide Installation and Administration of the HP A7143A PCI 4-Channel RAID160 SA SCSI Controller HP-UX Manufacturing Part Number : J6369-90026 E0512 Printed in the US © Copyright 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company L.P.
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Contents Preface: About This Document 7 1. RAID Technology Overview What is RAID? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The RAID Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logical Drives and Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HP RAID160 SA Controller Supported RAID Configurations . . . . . . . . .
Contents Installation Prerequisites for the RAID160 SA Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 HP A7143A RAID160 SA Controller Support Matrix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4. Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Locating Software for the RAID160 SA Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Installing Software for the RAID160 SA Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents Determining the RAID160 SA Device File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displaying the RAID160 SA Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adding a Spare Disk Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deleting a Spare Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change the Rebuild Priority of a Logical Drive . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents D. Electrostatic Discharge Preventing System Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Handling Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 E. Questions and Answers RAID160 SA Controller Q & A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preface: About This Document This document describes how to install, configure, and troubleshoot the HP A7143A PCI 4-Channel RAID160 SA SCSI controller on HP-UX 11iv1 & 11i v2 64-bit platforms. The latest version of this document can be found on line at docs.hp.com. Intended Audience This document is intended for system and network administrators responsible for installing, configuring, and managing fault tolerant data storage.
installation, configuration, and troubleshooting details for the RAID160 SA controller. There are also several appendixes containing supplemental information. Chapter 1 RAID Technology Overview Use this chapter to learn about RAID in general, followed by specific details on the RAID levels supported by the RAID160 SA controller. Chapter 2 RAID160 SA Controller Overview This chapter provides an overview of RAID160 SA features and functionality.
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1 RAID Technology Overview This chapter contains the following sections providing an overview of the RAID technology and descriptions of the different RAID levels that are supported by the HP A7173A RAID160 SA controller: Chapter 1 11
RAID Technology Overview NOTE 12 If you are ready to install the RAID160 SA controller and you are familiar with RAID concepts and the RAID levels supported by the RAID160 SA controller, proceed to Chapter 3, “Installation Overview,” on page 45.
RAID Technology Overview What is RAID? What is RAID? The RAID concept was proposed in 1987 when “A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)” was published by David Patterson, Garth Gibson, and Randy Katz at the University of California, Berkeley. This study defined five different disk array configurations, or RAID levels.
RAID Technology Overview What is RAID? published, if a disk drive crashed data restoration was typically dependent on backup from a tape drive. In addition, the system would have to be taken off-line to replace the failed disk. The RAID Concept The RAID study proposed a multi-level concept for improved data input/output performance (arrays with logical drives) and improved data availability (by avoiding the impact of disk drive failures).
RAID Technology Overview Logical Drives and Arrays Logical Drives and Arrays Connecting extra disk drives to a system increases the total storage capacity, but has no effect on the efficiency of read/write (R/W) operations. Data can only be transferred to one physical disk at a time (see Figure 1-1).
RAID Technology Overview Logical Drives and Arrays The read/write heads of all of the physical disks in a logical drive are active simultaneously, improving input/output (I/O) performance and reducing the total time required for data transfer (see Figure 1-2).
RAID Technology Overview Logical Drives and Arrays Because the read/write heads for each physical disk are active simultaneously, the same amount of data is written to each disk during any given time interval. Each unit of data is called a block. The blocks form a set of data stripes spread evenly over all of the physical disks in a logical drive (see Figure 1-3).
RAID Technology Overview Logical Drives and Arrays Disk failure, although rare, is potentially catastrophic. If a physical disk fails, the logical drive it is assigned to will fail, and all of the data on that logical drive will be lost. To protect against data loss due to physical disk failure, logical drives can be configured with fault tolerance.
RAID Technology Overview HP RAID160 SA Controller Supported RAID Configurations HP RAID160 SA Controller Supported RAID Configurations RAID 0—No Fault Tolerance The RAID 0 configuration enhances performance with data striping, but there is no data redundancy to protect against data loss when a physical disk fails.
RAID Technology Overview HP RAID160 SA Controller Supported RAID Configurations NOTE • Cannot use an online spare • Can only preserve data by backing it up to external disk drives The original Berkeley RAID study only defined levels 1 through 5. RAID Level 0 was conceived later, but is not considered to be a “true” RAID, because it does not provide any fault tolerance. RAID 1—Disk Drive Mirroring In this configuration, only two physical disks are present in the array.
RAID Technology Overview HP RAID160 SA Controller Supported RAID Configurations • Only 50% of total disk drive capacity is usable for data storage RAID 1+0—Disk Drive Mirroring and Striping This configuration requires an array with four or more physical disks.
RAID Technology Overview HP RAID160 SA Controller Supported RAID Configurations Disadvantages • Expensive (many disks needed for fault tolerance) • Only 50% of total disk drive capacity usable for data storage RAID 5—Distributed Data Guarding RAID 5 employs a parity data formula. With this configuration, one block in each data stripe contains parity data that is calculated for each data block in that stripe.
RAID Technology Overview HP RAID160 SA Controller Supported RAID Configurations • More disk drive capacity usable than with RAID 1+0—parity information only requires the storage space equivalent to one physical disk on the array Disadvantages • Relatively low write performance • Loss of data if a second disk fails before data from the first failed disk is rebuilt RAID ADG—Advanced Data Guarding RAID ADG is similar to RAID 5 in that parity data is generated (and stored) to protect against data loss cau
RAID Technology Overview HP RAID160 SA Controller Supported RAID Configurations This method is most useful when data loss is unacceptable, but cost must also be minimized. The probability that data loss will occur when arrays are configured with RAID ADG is less than when they are configured with RAID 5 (see Appendix A, “Probability of Logical Drive Failure,” on page 133).
RAID Technology Overview Summary of RAID Methods Summary of RAID Methods Table 1-1 summarizes the important features of the different RAID configurations that are supported by the HP RAID160 SA controller. The decision chart in Table 1-2 on page 26. may help with determining which option is best for your computing environment.
RAID Technology Overview Choosing a RAID Method Choosing a RAID Method Table 1-2 Most Important Fault tolerance Cost effectiveness I/O performance 26 Choosing a RAID Method Also Important Suggested RAID Level Cost effectiveness RAID ADG I/O performance RAID 1, RAID 1+0 Fault tolerance RAID ADG I/O performance RAID 5 (RAID 0 if fault tolerance is not required) Cost effectiveness RAID 5 (RAID 0 if fault tolerance is not required) Fault tolerance RAID 1, RAID 1+0 Chapter 1
2 RAID160 SA Controller Overview This chapter contains the following sections providing an overview of the RAID160 SA controller features and functionality: Chapter 2 27
RAID160 SA Controller Overview Board Components and Features Board Components and Features The RAID160 SA controller has four Wide Ultra160 SCSI channels and 256 MB of cache. Figure 2-1 HP A7143A RAID160 SA controller 1 3 2 Table 2-1 Hardware Overview Item 28 Description 1 Two internal 68-pin Wide SCSI connectors (channel 1 nearer the bracket, channel 2 nearer the board center). These internal connectors are not supported on the HP A7143A RAID160 SA controller.
RAID160 SA Controller Overview Board Components and Features NOTE Ports 1 and 2 each have two connectors (one internal and one external). However, only one connector can be used per channel at any given time. Ports 3 and 4 can be used only for external disk drives. The internal connectors are not supported on the HP A7143A RAID160 SA controller. Figure 2-2 Array Accelerator Cache with Batteries For detailed controller board specifications, refer to Appendix B, “Controller Specifications”.
RAID160 SA Controller Overview Board Components and Features — vPars (HP-UX Virtual Partitions) — Ignite UX — Hot-pluggable disk drives — Drive movement — Adjustable stripe size — S.M.A.R.T. disk drives — Multiple online spares per array — Background initialization Overview of Array Accelerator Features The array accelerator is a high performance, battery-backed, 100-MHz SDRAM DIMM cache module. The RAID160 SA controller uses cache to store read data from the disk drives.
RAID160 SA Controller Overview Board Components and Features • Cache capacity of 256-MB with 224-MB usable cache (32 MB of the cache is used for transfer buffer). • Error checking and correcting (ECC) memory, providing single-bit data correction. Batteries The array accelerator cache has two NiMH battery packs. Figure 2-3 Battery Packs If a power outage occurs, the batteries will preserve cashed data for up to 72 hours.
RAID160 SA Controller Overview Board Components and Features IMPORTANT The batteries on a new RAID160 SA controller may have a low charge when the controller board is first installed. No action is required on your part, since the internal circuitry automatically recharges the batteries and enables the cache. The recharge process takes less than four hours. The controller will function properly during this time, but without the performance advantage of the array accelerator.
RAID160 SA Controller Overview Board Components and Features Fault Management Features The RAID160 SA controller and the HP-UX operating system support several fault management and data reliability features that minimize the impact of disk drive defects on your system. • Auto-Reliability Monitoring (ARM) is a firmware process that operates in the background scanning physical disks for bad sectors in fault-tolerant logical drives.
RAID160 SA Controller Overview Board Components and Features If a physical disk fails in RAID 1, RAID 1+0, RAID 5, or ADG, the system will still process I/O requests, but at a reduced performance level. Replace the failed physical disk as soon as possible to restore performance and full fault tolerance for the logical drive it belongs to.
RAID160 SA Controller Overview Board Components and Features ROM image. When you upgrade the ROM, the inactive image (the one not being used by the system) is upgraded. There is not normally any noticeable difference in operation. When you use Recovery ROM for the first time, however, both ROM images are upgraded, causing a boot delay of about 60 seconds.
RAID160 SA Controller Overview Board Components and Features 36 Chapter 2
3 Installation Overview This chapter provides information to help you plan the installation and configuration of the RAID160 SA controller.
Installation Overview NOTE Complete Smart Array documentation (including the Smart Array Support matrix) is available on http://www.docs.hp.com under the I/O Cards and Networking Software section in the Smart Array (RAID) category. NOTE To view a detailed list of support accessories visit the system configuration site at: http://h30099.www3.hp.com/configurator/index.
Installation Overview Overview of Installation Steps Overview of Installation Steps Installation steps for the RAID160 SA controller are as follows: Step 1. Plan your disk configurations (see Chapter 1, “RAID Technology Overview,” on page 11). Step 2. Check the installation prerequisites (see “Installation Prerequisites for the RAID160 SA Controller” on page 49). Step 3.
Installation Overview Planning Disk Configurations Planning Disk Configurations If you have not determined the RAID level you want to configure for your application, see Chapter 1, “RAID Technology Overview,” on page 11 for details on RAID160 SA supported RAID levels. RAID160 SA Array Configuration Guidelines Please keep in mind the following configuration limits for the RAID160 SA controller: 48 • The maximum number of physical disks per channel is 14.
Installation Overview Installation Prerequisites for the RAID160 SA Controller Installation Prerequisites for the RAID160 SA Controller Before installing the RAID160 SA controller, check to make sure the following hardware and software prerequisites have been met: ✓ Read the RAID160 SA controller Release Note, so you can check for any known problems, required patches, or other information you need for installation. ✓ Plan your disk configurations (see “Planning Disk Configurations” on page 48).
Installation Overview Installation Prerequisites for the RAID160 SA Controller HP A7143A RAID160 SA Controller Support Matrix Table 3-1 Supported Systems HP A7143A Support Matrix HP-UX Release Software Bundle Name controller Firmware Level OLAR Support Boot Support rp24xx A400 A500 11i, 64-bit RAID-01 version 3.32 No Yes rp54xx Excluding: 11i, 64-bit RAID-01 version 3.32 Yes Yes 11i, 64-bit RAID-01 version 3.32 Yes Yes 11i, 64-bit RAID-01 version 3.
4 Installing the RAID160 SA Controller This chapter contains the following sections detailing hardware, software, and firmware installation for the RAID160 SA controller: Chapter 4 51
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Locating Software for the RAID160 SA Controller Locating Software for the RAID160 SA Controller The drivers, utilities and manpages for the RAID160 SA controller are located at the HP Software Depot. 52 • Go to http://www.software.hp.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Installing Software for the RAID160 SA Controller Installing Software for the RAID160 SA Controller The drivers, utilities and manpages for the RAID160 SA controller are contained in the RAID-01 bundle located in the “pci 4-channel raid160 sa scsi controller” depot, see “Locating Software for the RAID160 SA Controller”. They can be installed using the Software Distributor (SD). The SD is a tool for installing software on HP-UX host systems.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Installing Software for the RAID160 SA Controller • /opt/raidsa/bin/saconfig This is the command line configuration tool. saconfig is an abbreviation for “Smart Array Configuration Utility” • /sbin/rc2.d/S900ciss S900ciss (Run-2; start script) is a symbolic link pointing to /sbin/init.d/ciss • /sbin/init.d/ciss “ciss” is a startup script to make a device file for RAID160 • /usr/sbin/olrad.d/ciss This is the script for OLAR • /usr/share/man/man1m.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Preparing for RAID160 SA Controller Installation Preparing for RAID160 SA Controller Installation Before installing a RAID160 SA controller in a server, backup all data. This step is mandatory if the disks were not previously configured on a RAID160 SA controller, because the data format will not be recognized and the existing data will not be preserved.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Preparing for RAID160 SA Controller Installation WARNING To reduce the risk of personal injury or damage to the equipment, consult the safety information and user documentation provided with your server before attempting installation. Many computers are capable of producing energy levels that are considered hazardous. These computers are intended to be serviced by qualified personnel trained to deal with those hazards.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Hardware (Offline) Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Hardware (Offline) 1. Disconnect any peripheral devices from the server. 2. Remove or open the access panel on the server. 3. Select an available 66-MHz PCI slot. Slots that use a 64-bit interface may provide higher performance. 4. Remove the slot cover or open the hot-plug latch. Save the retaining screw, if one is present. 5.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Hardware (Offline) 8. Continue by following the instructions given in “Connecting the Cables and the StorageWorks‘ Disk Enclosures” on page 66“.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Online Addition and Replacement Online Addition and Replacement Online Addition and Replacement (OLAR) allows the RAID160 SA controller to be added online to HP-UX systems that support OLAR, without having to reboot. If the OLAR feature is used, it will not be necessary to completely shut down and then reboot the system to add or replace a RAID160 SA controller.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Online Addition and Replacement CRA, SAM presents the options available to you. If critical resources will be affected by the OLAR procedure, you will have the option to replace the controller when the system is offline. IMPORTANT In many cases, other controllers (host bus adapters) and slots within the system are dependent on the target controller.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Online Installation of the RAID160 SA Controller Online Installation of the RAID160 SA Controller If your system has one or more slots that support OLAR—and you want to use OLAR to install the controller in one of those slots—follow these steps: Step 1. Be sure version B.11.11.01 or later of the ciss driver (RAID160 SA software) is installed on your system. See “Locating Software for the RAID160 SA Controller” on page 52. Step 2.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller OLAR Error Recovery RAID160 SA Controller OLAR Error Recovery This section explains how to recover: • If you are attempting an online addition of a RAID160 SA controller and the SCSI cables are connected before the PCI slot is powered on • If you are attempting an online replacement of a RAID160 SA Controller and the SCSI cable(s) are not disconnected, before the PCI slot is powered off • If you are attempting an online replacement of a RAID16
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller OLAR Error Recovery Figure 4-2 SCSI Cable Disconnect Warning If you continue the online replacement according to the instructions, once the replacement controller has been installed in the PCI slot, the following message will appear (see Figure 4-3, “SCSI Cable Reconnect Note,”): Figure 4-3 SCSI Cable Reconnect Note At this point you reset the RAID160 SA controller and the online replacement is complete.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller OLAR Error Recovery OLAR Error Recovery If the SCSI cables are disconnected from, or connected to, a controller after the PCI slot is powered off, the OLAR procedure will fail and the following message will appear (see Figure 4-4, “First Error Message,”): Figure 4-4 First Error Message At this point the controller is suspended and will remain suspended, unless the following steps are followed: 1.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller OLAR Error Recovery 3. Now, disconnect the SCSI cable(s) from the controller and click “YES”. The following message will be appear (see Figure 4-6, “SCSI Cable Reconnect Note,”): Figure 4-6 SCSI Cable Reconnect Note 4. Now connect the SCSI cable(s) to the controller, click “OK”, and run sautil /dev/cissxx reset_adapter. After the reset operation is completed, the controller will be operational.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Connecting the Cables and the StorageWorks‘ Disk Enclosures Connecting the Cables and the StorageWorks Disk Enclosures NOTE • Each channel on the RAID160 SA controller supports up to 14 drives • Ports 1 and 2 each have two SCSI connectors, one for external storage units and one for internal hard drives in the server • The internal and external connectors on channel 1 cannot be used simultaneously • The internal and external connectors on channel 2 cannot be us
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Connecting the Cables and the StorageWorks‘ Disk Enclosures Supported StorageWorks Disc Enclosures The RAID160 SA controller supports the following HP StorageWorks disc enclosures: • StorageWorks 43xxT (Tower) Ships with one VHDCI to VHDCI 6-foot cable • StorageWorks 4314R (Rack) Ships with one VHDCI to VHDCI 12-foot cable • StorageWorks 4354R (Rack) Ships with two VHDCI to VHDCI 12-foot cables External Cabling for HP Servers All HP StorageWorks storage enclosu
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Connecting the Cables and the StorageWorks‘ Disk Enclosures Table 4-1 Table 4-2 Cable Connector Descriptions (see Figure 3-2 above) Item Description 1 External 68-pin Wide 2 External offset VHDCI 3 Internal 50-pin narrow (Internal connections are not supported on the RAID160 SA controller) 4 Internal 68-pin Wide (Internal connections are not supported on the RAID160 SA controller) Supported External SCSI Cables for StorageWorks Enclosures Cable Type Length
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Connecting the Cables and the StorageWorks‘ Disk Enclosures NOTE IMPORTANT: Offset VHDCI cables must be used with the RAID160 SA controller. Early versions of the VHDCI cables do not accommodate side-by-side connection to the RAID160 SA controller. If your storage enclosure did not include the Offset VHDCI cables, you may need to order them. See Table 4-2 above, for part numbers.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Connecting the Cables and the StorageWorks‘ Disk Enclosures 70 ✓ The StorageWorks disk enclosure the cable connects to (if there are multiple disk enclosures) ✓ The SCSI bus connection ID on the I/O module in the StorageWorks disk enclosure: “SCSI Bus A” or “SCSI Bus B” Chapter 4
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Verifying the Installation Verifying the Installation After the system reboots, verify that the installation was successful by following these steps: Step 1. Issue the swlist command: swlist If the RAID160 SA controller is installed correctly, the generated output will look similar to this: # swlist # Initializing... # Contacting target "hpfcs681"... # # Target: hpfcs681:/ # # # Bundle(s): # B3899BA HP-UX 11.i (S700) B.11.11.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Verifying the Installation FDDI-00 HW=A3739A/A3739B;SW=J3626AA B.11.11.02 PCI FDDI;Supptd FibrChanl-00 HW=A6684A,A6685A,A5158A,A6795A B.11.11.09 PCI/HSC FibreChannel;Supptd GOLDAPPS11i HP-UX 11i, June 2003 B.11.11.0306.4 Gold Applications Patches for GOLDBASE11i June 2003 B.11.11.0306.4 Gold Base Patches for HP-UX 11i, GigEther-00 B.11.11.14 HW=A4926A/A4929A/A4924A/A4925A;SW=J1642AA PCI/HSC GigEther;Supptd GigEther-01 HW=A6794A/A6825A/A6847A B.11.11.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Verifying the Installation Step 2.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller Firmware RAID160 SA Controller Firmware The sautil command is used to confirm and update the firmware version that is currently installed on the RAID160 SA controller. HP recommends that the latest firmware version be installed. NOTE This section of the RAID160 Support Guide focuses on the sautil command options that are used to confirm, or change, RAID160 SA controller firmware.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller Firmware Usage: sautil [-s] download_hba_fw download_dev_fw reset_adapter start_recovery stat clear_stat get_trace_buf get_fw_err_log accept_media_xchg : run_startup_script where "" is the adapter’s device file, e.g.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller Firmware Determining the RAID160 SA Device File The device file for the RAID160 SA controller can be determined from the output of the ioscan -kfn command.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller Firmware An example of the lengthy sautil command output is provided in “The sautil Command” on page 115 in the Troubleshooting chapter. Issuing the sautil -s command provides an abbreviated listing of information for the RAID160 SA controller and all connected devices, including the firmware version currently in ROM.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller Firmware Hardware Path....................... 0/6/0/0 Serial Number....................... P2313ADDAOVCDK Device File......................... /dev/ciss6 Hardware Revision................... ’A’ Firmware Revision (in ROM).......... 2.92 # of Logical Drives................. 1 # of Physical Disks Configured...... 4 # of Physical Disks Detected........
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller Firmware ---- SCSI DEVICE SUMMARY ----------------------------------------------------- Ch ID Type Capacity 1 0 DISK 18.2 GB OK 1 1 DISK 18.2 GB OK 1 2 DISK 18.2 GB SPARE 1 3 DISK 18.2 GB SPARE 1 7 PROCESSOR N/A Status N/A ---- SCSI DEVICE 1:0 --------------------------------------------------------- Channel Number................................... 1 SCSI ID.......................................... 0 Device Type....
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller Firmware Disk Capacity.................................... 18.2 GB Device Status.................................... OK Device Vendor ID................................. COMPAQ Device Product ID................................ BD0186459A Device Serial Number............................. UFL0P14000KG0117 Device Firmware Version.......................... B016 SCSI Transfer Rate...............................
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller Firmware Device Vendor ID................................. COMPAQ Device Product ID................................ BD01864544 Device Serial Number............................. 342230710222 Device Firmware Version.......................... B20B SCSI Transfer Rate............................... Ultra 160 ---- SCSI DEVICE 1:7 --------------------------------------------------------- Channel Number................................... 1 SCSI ID........
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller Firmware ---- DIAGRAM OF EXTERNAL CONNECTORS ON BRACKET ------------------------------- ========---======== | | | ULTRA-3 <--- LOOK FOR THIS LOGO | / \ | | <- | | \ / | | | | * | * * | * * | (Ch 1)---> * * * | * * | * * * <--- (Ch 2) * * | * | | | | * | * * | * * | (Ch 3)---> * * * | * * | * * * <--- (Ch 4) * * | * | | | | | ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ******************************************************
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller Firmware Updating the RAID160 SA Firmware The sautil command syntax for updating RAID160 SA controller firmware is: sautil download_hba_fw where: is the controller device file. The device file for the RAID160 controller can be determined by running the ioscan -kfn command as illustrated in “Determining the RAID160 SA Device File” on page 76.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller Firmware ---- DRIVER INFORMATION ------------------------------------------------------ Driver State........................ READY ---- ADAPTER INFORMATION ----------------------------------------------------- Adapter............................. HP A7143A RAID160 SA SCSI controller Hardware Path....................... 0/6/2/0 Device File.........................
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller RAID160 SA Controller Firmware Do you want to continue (y/n)? Preparing for download (this could take up to 2 minutes).....[Done] Sending the new firmware to the adapter......................[Done] Activating the new firmware..................................[Done] Resetting the adapter (this could take up to 2 minutes)......[Done] Retrieving the firmware revision string from ROM.............[Done] Current Revision (in ROM)....... 3.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Physical Disk Firmware Physical Disk Firmware The sautil command is used to confirm and update the firmware version on each of the physical disks in the SmartArray disk enclosure that the RAID160 SA controller is attached to. NOTE This section of the RAID160 Support Guide focuses on the sautil command options that are used to confirm, or change, physical disk firmware.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Physical Disk Firmware reset_adapter start_recovery stat clear_stat get_trace_buf get_fw_err_log accept_media_xchg run_startup_script where "" is the adapter’s device file, e.g.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Physical Disk Firmware # ioscan -kfn Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description ============================================================================= root 0 root CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS ioa 0 Adapter (582) 0 sba CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS System Bus ba 0 Adapter (782) 0/0 lba CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS Local PCI Bus btlan CLAIMED INTERFACE HP PCI lan 0 0/0/0/0 10/100Base-TX Core /dev/diag/lan0 target 2 0/0/1/1.15 disk 0 0/0/1/1.15.0 73.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Physical Disk Firmware Issuing the sautil -s command provides an abbreviated listing of information for the RAID160 SA controller and all connected devices including a SCSI Device Summary that lists the SCSI channel and the SCSI ID for each of the physical disks attached to the RAID160 SA controller.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Physical Disk Firmware Hardware Path....................... 0/6/0/0 Serial Number....................... P2313ADDAOVCDK Device File......................... /dev/ciss6 Hardware Revision................... ’A’ Firmware Revision (in ROM).......... 2.92 # of Logical Drives................. 1 # of Physical Disks Configured...... 4 # of Physical Disks Detected........
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Physical Disk Firmware ---- SCSI DEVICE SUMMARY ----------------------------------------------------- Ch ID Type Capacity Status 1 0 DISK 18.2 GB OK 1 1 DISK 18.2 GB OK 1 2 DISK 18.2 GB SPARE 1 3 DISK 18.2 GB SPARE 1 7 PROCESSOR N/A N/A ---- SCSI DEVICE 1:0 --------------------------------------------------------- Channel Number................................... 1 SCSI ID.......................................... 0 Device Type............
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Physical Disk Firmware Disk Capacity.................................... 18.2 GB Device Status.................................... OK Device Vendor ID................................. COMPAQ Device Product ID................................ BD0186459A Device Serial Number............................. UFL0P14000KG0117 Device Firmware Version.......................... HPB3 SCSI Transfer Rate...............................
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Physical Disk Firmware Device Vendor ID................................. COMPAQ Device Product ID................................ BD01864544 Device Serial Number............................. 342230710222 Device Firmware Version.......................... HPB3 SCSI Transfer Rate............................... Ultra 160 ---- SCSI DEVICE 1:7 --------------------------------------------------------- Channel Number................................... 1 SCSI ID................
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Physical Disk Firmware | | | * | * * | * * | (Ch 3)---> * * * | * * | * * * <--- (Ch 4) * * | * | | | | | ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ****************************************************************************** **** End of SAUTIL Output **** ****************************************************************************** In the example above, the SCSI Device Summary lists the SCSI channel and the SCSI ID for each of the physical disks attached to the RAID16
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Physical Disk Firmware : is the SCSI channel and the SCSI ID of the physical disk you want to change the firmware on.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Physical Disk Firmware ---- DRIVER INFORMATION ------------------------------------------------------ Driver State........................ READY ---- ADAPTER INFORMATION ----------------------------------------------------- Adapter............................. HP A7143A RAID160 SA SCSI controller Hardware Path....................... 0/6/2/0 Device File.........................
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Physical Disk Firmware Preparing for download (this could take up to 2 minutes)... [Done] Sending the new firmware to the disk....................... [Done] Resetting the adapter (this could take up to 2 minutes).... [Done] Retrieving the firmware revision string from ROM........... [Done] Current Revision (in ROM).......
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Setting up a RAID160 SA Controller As a Boot Device Setting up a RAID160 SA Controller As a Boot Device The RAID160 SA controller can be set up as a boot device. To do this, you actually set up a logical drive on the controller as a boot device. On each RAID160 SA controller, any number of its logical drives can be set up as boot devices.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Setting up a RAID160 SA Controller As a Boot Device • You must have the correct version of the product dependent code (PDC) installed. See the HP A7143A RAID160 SA Release Notes for information on the PDC versions needed for each of the supported HP-UX systems. If you do not have the correct PDC version, contact your HP representative. • The RAID160 SA controller can only be connected to external disks. The internal SCSI connections cannot be used.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Setting up a RAID160 SA Controller As a Boot Device +---------------------+----------------+-------------------+ [ Scan Again | Disks: 3 (204.6GB) | | CD/DVDs: Floppies: 0 | LAN cards: | Memory: 0 | Tapes: 0 | Graphics Ports: 0 | IO Buses: 7 1 ] | 4096Mb | | CPUs: 1 | [ H/W Details ] +---------------------+----------------+-------------------+ [ Install HP-UX ] [ Run a Recovery Shell ] [ [ Reboot Advanced Options ] ] [ Help ] Step 2.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Setting up a RAID160 SA Controller As a Boot Device NOTE: Pushing a shell, you will have to use "reboot" to reboot the system when done. Use the "loadfile" command to bring in more commands as you need them. # Step 3. At the recovery shell prompt, enter: loadfile -l INSTCMDS/opt/raidsa/bin/ciss_insf # loadfile -l INSTCMDS /opt/raidsa/bin/ciss_insf # Step 4.
Installing the RAID160 SA Controller Setting up a RAID160 SA Controller As a Boot Device Step 10. Select the kind of installation (Guided or Advanced) you want to do. The installation starts, and the Ignite-UX graphical interface (GUI) appears. Step 11. Under the “Basic” tab, select the configuration to use according to the HP-UX system you are using. Step 12.
5 Configuring the RAID160 SA Controller This chapter contains the following sections detailing the use of the saconfig command to configure the RAID160 SA controller: Chapter 5 103
Configuring the RAID160 SA Controller Planning the RAID Configuration Planning the RAID Configuration If you don’t already know exactly how you want to configure RAID on your system, consider the following steps. Step 1. Determine the RAID level you want to use for each logical drive (see Chapter 1 of the HP A7143A RAID160 Support Guide. Step 2. Draw the physical disk configuration. You should consider these things: • Consider having one or more of your logical drives spread across controller channels.
Configuring the RAID160 SA Controller saconfig Configuration CLI saconfig Configuration CLI The saconfig command is used to: • Configure Logical Drives • Set the RAID level • Set the stripe size on a RAID • Set up on-line spare disk drives • Delete logical drives • Clear the configuration You will need a superuser ID to run the saconfig command.
Configuring the RAID160 SA Controller saconfig Configuration CLI RAID level can be 0, 1, 1+0, 5, or ADG. For RAID 0, 1, and 1+0, stripe size can be 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256 (default is 128). For RAID 5 and ADG, stripe size can be 8, 16, 32, or 64 (default is 16). Channel can be 1-4. Target can be 0-15.
Configuring the RAID160 SA Controller saconfig Configuration CLI Issue the man saconfig command to view the saconfig manpage for more details on the saconfig command. Before running the saconfig command to configure the storage devices connected to a RAID160 SA controller, you will need to know the device file for the RAID160 SA controller. Determining the RAID160 SA Device File The device file for the RAID160 SA controller can be determined from the output of the ioscan -kfn command.
Configuring the RAID160 SA Controller saconfig Configuration CLI The channel, SCSI ID, size, and status of each physical disk attached to the RAID160 SA controller is included in the saconfig output.
Configuring the RAID160 SA Controller saconfig Configuration CLI # saconfig /dev/ciss7 -D 0 -s all All spare drives are deleted from logical drive 0 Change the Rebuild Priority of a Logical Drive The saconfig /dev/cissX -r command is used to set the rebuild priority of logical dries unders cissx controller For example, if the rebuild priority needs to be set to high for the logical drives under controller ciss7 use the command # saconfig /dev/ciss7 -r high Specify Percentage of Cache
Configuring the RAID160 SA Controller saconfig Configuration CLI WARNING 110 All of the data on the logical drives and the physical disks connected to the specified RAID160 SA controller will be lost when the saconfig -D all command is issued.
6 Troubleshooting This chapter contains the following sections providing troubleshooting options available for the RAID160 SA controller: Chapter 6 111
Troubleshooting HP Support Tools Manager (STM) HP Support Tools Manager (STM) STM is a software application that can be run from the console to obtain status and descriptive information about the RAID160 SA controller. STM can also be used to diagnose problems. STM version A.42.00, or later, must be used with the RAID160 SA controller. For detailed information on STM, go to http://www.docs.hp.com , click on “Browse by Topic”, then click on “Diagnostics”.
Troubleshooting Event Monitoring Service (EMS) Event Monitoring Service (EMS) Event Monitoring Service (EMS) notifies a system administrator when an event occurs on the system. A hardware event monitor monitors the hardware for unusual behavior (known as an event) and sends a message to the Event Monitoring Service, which notifies the system administrator of the event, along with suggestions for correcting the problem. This service is available for the RAID160 SA controller.
Troubleshooting ODE ODE The RAID160 SA controller supports HP’s Offline Diagnostics Environment (ODE). ODE is an offline support tools platform for troubleshooting systems that are running without an operating system or systems that cannot be tested using online tools. The offline environment is also useful for testing that needs to be done before a system is booted. ODE provides a user-friendly interface for diagnostics and utilities that have been developed to run in this environment.
Troubleshooting The sautil Command The sautil Command Troubleshooting with sautil NOTE Before troubleshooting with the sautil command, run STM. The diagnostic information STM provides will augment the information provided by the sautil command. See “HP Support Tools Manager (STM)” on page 112, for details.
Troubleshooting The sautil Command reset_adapter start_recovery stat clear_stat get_trace_buf get_fw_err_log accept_media_xchg run_startup_script where "" is the adapter’s device file, e.g., /dev/ciss5 "-s" (optional) displays a shorter output "" is the firmware image file to download ":" is the physical disk to update, e.g.
Troubleshooting The sautil Command — Online replacement of the RAID160 SA is performed, but the logical drives on the replacement controller are not detected — A disk enclosure with an existing RAID configuration was hot added and the logical drives on that enclosure are not detected The sautil start_recovery option causes the RAID160 SA controller to start rebuilding any logical drives that are in READY FOR RECOVERY OPERATION state.
Troubleshooting The sautil Command sautil The sautil command output provides detailed information on the RAID 160 SA controller, any logical drives that have been configured, and all SCSI devices that are attached to the controller. There is a -s option for this command that provides a shorter and less detailed output. An example of the sautil -s command output can be found in “RAID160 SA Controller Firmware” on page 74.
Troubleshooting The sautil Command Firmware Revision (inactive)........ # of Logical Drives................. # of Physical Disks Configured...... # of Physical Disks Detected........ Logical Drive Rebuild Priority...... Array Capacity Expansion Priority... Auto-fail Missing Disks at Boot..... 2.92 1 4 4 118 (high) 0 (low) enabled ---- ARRAY ACCELERATOR (CACHE) INFORMATION ----------------------------------Array Accelerator Board Present?.... Cache Configuration Status.......... Cache Ratio................
Troubleshooting The sautil Command Logical Drive Status................ OK # of Participating Physical Disks... 2 Participating Physical Disk(s)...... Ch:ID 1: 0 1: 1 Participating Spare Disk(s)......... Ch:ID 1: 2 1: 3 Stripe Size......................... Logical Drive Cache Status.......... Configuration Signature............. Media Exchange Detected?............ 64 KB cache enabled 0xA79C46BC no ---- SCSI DEVICE 1:0 --------------------------------------------------------Channel Number.................
Troubleshooting The sautil Command S.M.A.R.T. enabled............................. S.M.A.R.T. errors (in powerup M&P data)........ Attached to external channel................... Configured in a logical drive.................. Configured as a spare disk..................... Disk write cache enabled at spin up............ yes no yes yes no no Running in DT clocking mode.................... Supports DT clocking mode only................. Supports DT and ST clocking modes.............. Running in U320 mode..
Troubleshooting The sautil Command Ultra-2 SCSI transfer enabled.................. yes S.M.A.R.T. supported........................... S.M.A.R.T. errors (in factory M&P data)........ S.M.A.R.T. enabled............................. S.M.A.R.T. errors (in powerup M&P data)........ Attached to external channel................... Configured in a logical drive.................. Configured as a spare disk..................... Disk write cache enabled at spin up............
Troubleshooting The sautil Command Synchronous (Fast/Ultra) transfer enabled...... Narrow disk tray detected...................... Wide transfer failed, reverted to narrow....... Ultra SCSI transfer enabled.................... Ultra-2 SCSI transfer enabled.................. yes no no yes yes S.M.A.R.T. supported........................... S.M.A.R.T. errors (in factory M&P data)........ S.M.A.R.T. enabled............................. S.M.A.R.T. errors (in powerup M&P data)........
Troubleshooting The sautil Command Physical Disk Flags: Disk present and operational................... Non-disk device detected....................... Wide SCSI transfer enabled..................... Synchronous (Fast/Ultra) transfer enabled...... Narrow disk tray detected...................... Wide transfer failed, reverted to narrow....... Ultra SCSI transfer enabled.................... Ultra-2 SCSI transfer enabled.................. yes no yes yes no no yes yes S.M.A.R.T. supported.....................
Troubleshooting The sautil Command | | | | | | | | (Ch 1)---> | | | | | (Ch 3)---> | | | | ~ | <--- LOOK FOR THIS LOGO | | | | | | <--- (Ch 2) | | | | | <--- (Ch 4) | | | | ULTRA-3 / \ <\ / * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ ~ ~ ~ ****************************************************************************** **** End of SAUTIL Output **** ****************************************************************************** # Logical Drive State Definitions The status colum
Troubleshooting The sautil Command 1+0, 5, ADG) logical drive have failed. 2) One or more disks in a RAID 0 logical drive have failed. 3) Cache data loss has occurred. 4) Array expansion was aborted. 5) The logical drive is temporarily disabled because another logical drive on the adapter had a missing disk at power-up. USING INTERIM RECOVERY MODE Also known as "degraded" state. A physical disk in a fault tolerant logical drive has failed.
Troubleshooting The sautil Command correct (failed) disk. PHYSICAL DISK(S) NOT PROPERLY CONNECTED While the system was off, one or more disks were removed. Note: the other logical drives are held in a temporary "failed" state when this occurs. EXPANDING The data in the logical drive is being reorganized because: 1) Physical disks have been added to the array (capacity expansion). 2) The stripe size is being changed (stripe-size migration). 3) The RAID level is being changed (RAID-level migration).
Troubleshooting The sautil Command Physical Disk State Definitions The status column of the SCSI Device Summary in the sautil command output example also provides useful troubleshooting information. Refer to the following physical disk state definitions to interpret the status of physical disks (the physical disk state definitions are also included in the sautil manpage). Physical Disk State Definitions: OK The physical disk is configured in one or more logical drives and is operational.
Troubleshooting The sautil Command sautil accept_media_xchg The sautil accept_media_xchg command instructs the RAID160 SA controller to: 1. Set the state of the specified failed logical drive, , to "OK" 2. Set the states of all failed physical disks that have been replaced via hot-plug exchanges to "OK" WARNING This option preserves the RAID configuration, logical drive configurations, and controller settings.
Troubleshooting The sautil Command ---- DRIVER INFORMATION ------------------------------------------------------ Driver State........................ READY ---- ADAPTER INFORMATION ----------------------------------------------------- Adapter............................. HP A7143A RAID160 SA SCSI Adapter Hardware Path....................... 0/6/2/0 Device File.........................
Troubleshooting The sautil Command sautil run_startup_script The run_startup_script option runs the RAID160 SA controller startup script to recreate the device files (/dev/cissX).
Troubleshooting The sautil Command 132 Chapter 6
A Appendix A Probability of Logical Drive Failure 133
Probability of Logical Drive Failure RAID Level and Probability of Drive Failure RAID Level and Probability of Drive Failure The probability that a logical drive will fail depends on the RAID level setting. • A RAID 0 logical drive fails if only one physical disk fails. • For a RAID 1+0 logical drive, the failure situation is complex. — The maximum number of physical disks that can fail without causing failure of the logical drive is n/2, where n is the number of physical disks in the array.
Probability of Logical Drive Failure RAID Level and Probability of Drive Failure Figure A-1 Appendix A Relative Probability of Logical Drive Failure 135
Probability of Logical Drive Failure RAID Level and Probability of Drive Failure 136 Appendix A
B Appendix B Controller Specifications 137
Controller Specifications RAID160 SA Controller Specifications RAID160 SA Controller Specifications Table B-1 138 RAID160 SA Specifications Dimensions 31.5 cm x 10.8 cm x 1.5 cm (12.4 in x 4.3 in x 0.6 in) Power Required 24.9 W (19.0 W at 3.3 V, 5.9 W at 5 V) Battery 2 NiMH battery packs, rechargeable. PCI Specification The RAID160 SA controller complies with PCI revision 2.
C Appendix C Hard Drive Installation and Replacement 139
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement Background Background Each SCSI channel on the RAID160 SA controller supports up to 14 physical disks. Disks can be of the Ultra320 or the Ultra160 type. Each physical disk on a SCSI bus must have a unique ID value in the range of 0 to 15 (except ID 7, which is typically reserved for controller use). This value is set automatically on hot-pluggable disk drives in the storage systems that are supported by the RAID160 SA controller.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement General Information About Hard Drive Failure General Information About Hard Drive Failure When a physical disk fails, the logical drive it belongs to will be affected. Each logical drive connected to a RAID160 SA controller can be configured with be a different RAID level. For this reason, each logical drive may be affected differently by a physical disk failure, depending on the fault-tolerance method (RAID level) that has been configured on it.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement General Information About Hard Drive Failure Table E-1 describes the meaning of the various LED combinations. Figure C-1 Figure E-1: Hard drive status LED indicators 1 Table C-1 (1) Activity 2 3 Disk Drive Status from LED Illumination Pattern (2) Online (3) Fault Meaning On, Off, or Flashing On or Off Flashing A predictive failure alert has been received for this disk drive. Replace the drive as soon as possible.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement General Information About Hard Drive Failure Table C-1 (1) Activity On Disk Drive Status from LED Illumination Pattern (Continued) (2) Online Off (3) Fault Off Meaning Do not remove the disk drive. Removing a drive during this process may cause data loss. The disk drive is being accessed, but (1) it is not configured as part of an array, or (2) it is a replacement drive and rebuild has not yet started. On Flashing Flashing Do not remove the disk drive.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement General Information About Hard Drive Failure The sautil command, can be used to investigate undetected disks. The SCSI DEVICE SUMMARY section of the sautil command output lists all of the disks the firmware has detected.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement General Information About Hard Drive Failure Participating Spare Disk(s)......... Ch:ID none Stripe Size......................... Logical Drive Cache Status.......... Configuration Signature............. Media Exchange Detected?............ 64 KB cache enabled 0xA36E047E no For more information on the sautil command see “Troubleshooting with sautil” on page 115.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement Compromised Fault Tolerance Compromised Fault Tolerance Compromised fault tolerance commonly occurs when more physical disks have failed than the fault-tolerance method can endure. In this case, the logical volume is failed and unrecoverable disk error messages are returned to the host. Data loss is likely to occur.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement Automatic Data Recovery Automatic Data Recovery Automatic data recovery is an automatic background process that rebuilds data onto a spare or replacement disk drive when another disk drive in the array fails. This process is also called a rebuild. If a disk drive in a fault-tolerant configuration is replaced while the system power is off, a message is displayed during the next system startup.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement General Aspects of Disk Drive Replacement General Aspects of Disk Drive Replacement CAUTION Sometimes, a disk drive that has previously been failed by the controller may seem to be operational after the system is power-cycled, or (for a hot-pluggable drive) after the drive has been removed and reinserted. However, continued use of such marginal drives may eventually result in data loss. Replace the marginal drive as soon as possible.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement General Aspects of Disk Drive Replacement during low activity periods whenever possible. In addition, be sure that all logical drives on the same array as the disk drive being replaced, have a current, valid backup.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement Drive Failure During Rebuild Drive Failure During Rebuild If another drive in the array fails while fault tolerance is unavailable during rebuild, a fatal system error may occur. If this happens, all data on the array is lost. In exceptional cases, however, failure of another drive need not lead to a fatal system error.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement Drive Failure During Rebuild Appendix C • Do not remove a second drive from an array until the first failed or missing drive has been replaced and the rebuild process is complete. (When the rebuild is complete, the Online LED on the front of the drive stops blinking.) • There are some exceptions: • In RAID ADG configurations, any two drives in the array can be replaced simultaneously.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement Drive Failure During Rebuild 152 Appendix C
D Appendix D Electrostatic Discharge 159
Electrostatic Discharge Preventing System Damage Preventing System Damage Handling Parts To prevent damaging the system, be aware of the precautions you need to follow when setting up the system or handling parts. A discharge of static electricity from a finger or other conductor may damage system boards or other static-sensitive devices. This type of damage may reduce the life expectancy of the device.
E Appendix E Questions and Answers 161
Questions and Answers RAID160 SA Controller Q & A RAID160 SA Controller Q & A Q:How many RAID160 SA controllers can I install in my system? A:The maximum number of controllers that you can install in your system depends on your server and several other factors specific to your configuration. Generally, the maximum number is restricted to the number of PCI slots not used for other peripherals. Another limiting factor is the power rating of your system. Each RAID160 SA controller requires 24.9 W.
Questions and Answers RAID160 SA Controller Q & A A:If you are using hot-pluggable drives in a StorageWorks Enclosure 4300, the SCSI IDs are set automatically according to the bay in which the drives are installed and do not need to be set manually. The IDs of devices on each SCSI bus do not have to be consecutive. However, the IDs must still be unique to each device on any given SCSI bus. Q:Can I use third-party drives (those not manufactured by HP) with the RAI160 SA controller? A:No.
Questions and Answers RAID160 SA Controller Q & A 164 Appendix E
Glossary ACU (Array Configuration Utility) A configuration utility useful both for novices and for more experienced RAID users. ADU (Array Diagnostic Utility) A diagnostic tool that collects comprehensive information about the array controllers in a system and lists any problems detected. ARM (Auto-Reliability Monitoring) Also known as surface analysis. A fault management feature whereby hard drives are scanned for bad sectors, and data in the faulty sectors is remapped onto good sectors.
Glossary fault tolerance fault tolerance The ability of a server to recover from hardware problems without interrupting server performance or corrupting data. Hardware RAID is most commonly used, but there are other types of fault tolerance—for example, controller duplexing and software-based RAID. flashing Updating the flash memory on a system. Flash memory is non-volatile memory that is used to hold control code such as BIOS information.
Glossary Wide-Ultra; Wide Ultra2; Wide Ultra160 S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) Technology co-developed by HP and the hard drive industry that provides warning of imminent drive failure. This feature makes it possible for HP to offer Pre-Failure Warranty replacement of hard drives. S.M.A.R.T. supersedes the drive parameter tracking feature that was previously used for this purpose because the self-monitoring routines used in S.M.A.R.T.
Glossary S.M.A.R.T.