Owner's manual

the file or files whose permissions you want to change. You can also use pattern-matching characters
to specify files.
The userclass-operation-permission code is defined as follows:
• Use one or more of these letters to represent the user class:
User (owner)u
Groupg
All others (besides owner and group)o
All (user, group, and all others)a
• Use one of these symbols to represent the operation:
Add permission+
Remove permission-
Assign permission regardless of previous setting=
• Use one or more of these letters to represent the type of permission:
Readr
Set user ID or group IDs
Writew
Executex
Set sticky bitt
Changing File Permissions
This subsection shows you how to change the access permissions for a file. In the following example,
first enter the ls -l command to display the permissions for the file file1:
$ ls -l file1
-rw-r--r-- 1 larry system 101 Jun 5 10:03 file1
Note that the owner (larry) has read and write permissions, while the group and others have
only read permissions.
Now, enter the chmod command with the flags go+w. This command expands the permissions for
both the group (g) and for others (o) by adding write permission (+w) to file1 in addition to the
read permission they already have:
$ chmod go+w file1
Next, list the new permissions for the file:
$ ls -l file1
-rw-rw-rw- 1 larry system 101 Jun 5 10:03 file1
Note that you have given your group and all other system users write permission to file1.
Setting File and Directory Permissions (chmod) 125