Owner's manual

The following example shows a long (-l flag) listing of a current directory. (The name larry is
the owner of the files. Your user name will replace larry on your screen.)
$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 larry system 101 Jun 5 10:03 file1
-rw-r--r-- 1 larry system 75 Jun 5 10:03 file2
-rw-r--r-- 1 larry system 65 Jun 5 10:06 file3
drwxr-xr-x 2 larry system 32 Jun 5 10:07 project
Table 15 explains the information displayed on your screen by the ls -l command.
Table 15 Explanation of the ls -l Display
DescriptionField
Number of 512-byte blocks taken up by files in this directory.total 4
Type and permissions of the file or directory.-rw-r--r--
Number of links to the file or directory.1
User name of the file or directory’s owner.larry
Group to which the file or directory belongs.system
Number of bytes in the file or directory.101
Date and time the file or directory was created or last modified in the format defined
by your current locale.
June 5 10:03
Name of the file or directory.file1
The time displayed by the ls -l command is the time the file or directory was created or last
modified. In addition to the modification time, you can also display the following:
Displays the date and time of last access (but not modification).ls -lu
Displays the date and time the permissions, ownership, or status was last changed.ls -lc
There are other ls flags that you may find useful. For detailed information about the ls flags, see
the ls(1) reference page either online or in the Open System Services Shell and Utilities Reference
Manual.
Displaying Files
You can open any text file stored on your system with a text editor (if you have appropriate
permissions). However, if you wish to just look at a file without making any changes, you can view
it (with or without screen formatting) using the more, cat, and pr commands.
Displaying Files Without Formatting (more and cat)
The following commands display a file just as it is, without adding any special characteristics that
define the appearance of the contents:
• more
• cat
For information on displaying files with formatting, see “Displaying Files With Formatting (pr)”
(page 96).
Displaying Files 95