Hydro Smart 120 Condensing Gas Micro Boiler Installation Manual and Owner’s Guide STOP ANSI Z21.10.3 and CSA 4.3 DO NOT return to stores. Damages or repairs call Hydro Smart at 763-331-3066. M-F: 8 AM - 5 PM • • SAT: 8 AM - 12 PM Models HS120CON-LP (Liquid propane) HS120CON-NG (Natural Gas) If the information in these instructions is not followed exactly, a fire or explosion WARNING may result causing property damage, personal injury or death.
Installation Manual Contents CONTENTS INSTALLATION MANUAL......................................................................... 3 SPECIFICATIONS..................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................5 SAFETY GUIDELINES...........................................................................................6 INSTALLATION...........................
Installation Manual Installation Manual CONGRATULATIONS Congratulations and thank you for choosing our condensing micro-boiler. Before use, we recommend that you read through this safety manual carefully. Please refer to the back of the manual for details about the warranty. Keep this manual for future reference. If you lose the manual, contact the manufacturer or your local distributor.
Installation Manual Specifications SPECIFICATIONS Hydro Smart Gas Condensing Micro-Boiler Natural Gas Input (Operating Range) BTU/h Min.: 15,000 Max.: 120,000 Propane Input (Operating Range) BTU/h Min.: 15,000 Max.: 120,000 Gas Connection 1/2" NPT Water Connection 3/4" NPT psi (MPa) 15 - 150 (0.1 - 1.0) Natural gas Inlet Pressure inch W.C. (kPa) Min. 5.0 (1.2) Max. 10.5 (2.6) Propane Inlet Pressure inch W.C. (kPa) Min. 8.0 (2.0) Max. 14.0 (3.
Installation Manual Introduction INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • This manual provides information necessary for the installation,operation, and maintenance of the micro-boiler. The model description is listed on the rating plate which is attached to the side panel of the microboiler. Please read all installation instructions completely before installing this product. If you have any problems or questions regarding this equipment, consult the manufacturer or its local representative.
Installation Manual Safety Guidelines SAFETY GUIDELINES -Safety DefinitionIndicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. DANGER Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. WARNING Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. CAUTION -General1.
Installation Manual Installation INSTALLATION -General1. Follow all local codes, or in the absence of local codes, follow the most recent edition of the National Fuel Gas Code: ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54 in the USA or CAN/CSA B149.1 Natural Gas, Propane Installation Code in Canada. 2. All gas micro-boilers require careful and correct installation to ensure safe and efficient operation. This manual must be followed exactly. Read the "Safety Guidelines" section. 3.
Installation Manual Installation • WARNING • • • • • • CAUTION • • • Installation and service must be performed by a qualified installer (for example, a licensed plumber or gas fitter), otherwise the warranty will be void. The installer (licensed professional) is responsible for the correct installation of the micro-boiler and for compliance with all national, state / provincial, and local codes.
Installation Manual Installation -INCLUDED ACCESSORIESCheck that these items below are included with the micro-boiler. Installation Manual and Owner's Guide Bird Screen PVC Couplers Qty. 1 Qty. 2 Qty. 2 * For more information on optional items, please refer to "OPTIONAL ITEMS" section beginning on page 34 -CLEARANCES- Top Maintain all clearances around the micro-boiler. Back Side Side Front Model Top Bottom Front Back Sides HS120Con-LP (Liquid propane) 12 in. (305 mm) 12 in.
Installation Manual Installation - Venting -VENTING INSTRUCTIONSFor the Hydro Smart HS120 Gas Condensing Micro Boiler -GENERAL• • DANGER CAUTION Improper venting of this appliance can result in excessive levels of carbon monoxide which can result in severe personal injury or death. Improper installation can cause nausea or asphyxiation, severe injury or death from carbon monoxide and flue gases poisoning. Improper installation will void product warranty.
Installation Manual Installation - Venting -Exhaust vent (ABS, PVC, CPVC, or Polypropylene vent)The micro-boiler can be vented with ABS, PVC, CPVC, or Polypropylene (temperature rated up to at least 149° F). Vent material certified to ULC S636 standards is recommended in the USA. In Canada, plastic venting must be certified to ULC S636 standards.
Installation Manual Installation - Venting -GENERALSet DIPswitches shown in the tables below depending on the vent length. Only adjust switches with a black square. Black squares indicate the position of the switch. 2 inch venting Vent length Single pipe ON 5 to 6.5 ft. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 OFF No. 6 : ON No. 7 : ON 3 inch venting Vent length 5 to 20 ft. (DEFAULT) Two-pipe ON 5 to 45 ft. (DEFAULT) No. 6 : ON No. 7 : OFF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 46 to 70 ft. No. 6 : OFF No.
Installation Manual Installation - Venting -Intake and Exhaust Venting IllustrationsTypical installations using ABS, PVC, CPVC, or Polypropylene vent 2 inch venting installation Vent connections for single pipe 2" straight pipe * 3" elbow with bird screen 3"x2" reducer Exhaust vent collar (Female) Intake vent collar (Female) * The micro-boiler came with a metal screen that will fit into a 3 inch elbow. 1. Connect a 3" elbow directly on the intake vent collar of the micro-boiler. 2.
Installation Manual Installation - Venting 3 inch venting installation Vent connections for single pipe Vent connections for two-pipe 3" straight pipe 3" straight pipe 3" coupling * 3" elbow with bird screen 3" straight pipe 3"coupling Intake vent collar (Female) Exhaust vent collar (Female) Intake vent collar (Female) 3" coupling Exhaust vent collar (Female) * The micro-boiler came with a metal screen that will fit into a 3 inch elbow. 1.
Installation Manual Installation - Venting Examples of installation of 3 inch and 4 inch vent Single pipe with room-air intake Two-pipe, direct-vent Hanger Hanger Wall Wall Hanger Roof Roof Fire stop Fire stop Refer to "-Vent termination clearances-" section beginning on page 17 for clearance information 15 Page
Installation Manual Installation - Venting -Exhaust vent (Stainless steel vent)This is a Category IV appliance and must be vented accordingly. The vent system must be sealed airtight. All seams and joints without gaskets must be sealed with high heat resistant silicone sealant or UL listed aluminum adhesive tape having a minimum temperature rating of 160° F. For best results, a vent system should be as short and straight as possible.
Installation Manual Installation - Venting -Vent termination clearancesINSIDE CORNER DETAIL V Vent terminal X Air supply inlet V G H A D E V B B B C V F V FIXED ED CLOS E BL A OPER V L V ED ABLE FIXLOSED C OPER V B B V I X M V X K J A Gas meter / regulator B Canada U.S.A Direct-vent and other than Direct-vent Direct - Vent Other than Direct -Vent A Clearance above grade, veranda, porch, deck, or balcony.
Installation Manual Installation - Venting . . (305 mm) (610mm)min. min. . (305 mm) min. Exhaust Inside corner . (305 mm) min. . (610 mm) min. . (305 mm) min. Combined intake and exhaust Inside corner -Case 1- For multiple sidewall exhaust terminations, an exhaust termination must be at least 1 ft. (305 mm) away from another exhaust termination. An exhaust termination must also be at least 2 ft. (610 mm) away from an inside corner. (If the adjacent wall is less than 2 ft.
Installation Manual Installation - Venting Exhaust and/or direct-vent sidewall terminations should be at least 2 ft. (610 mm) away from an opposite surface / wall. Do not place the termination directly in front of an opening into a building. Exhaust . (610mm) min -For rooftop terminations- Intake air Intake air B B Exhaust gas B A Exhaust Gas A A: Exhaust terminations must be at least 1 ft. (305 mm) away from any obstructions. B: Intake terminations must be at least 1 ft.
Installation Manual Installation - Gas -GAS SUPPLY AND GAS PIPE SIZING-General• • CAUTION • • • Check that the type of gas matches the rating plate first. Ensure that any and all gas regulators used are operating properly and providing gas pressures within the specified range shown below. Excess gas inlet pressure may cause serious accidents. Conversion of this micro-boiler from natural to propane of vice versa will void all warranty.
Installation Manual Installation - Gas -Regulator Installation Example (Natural Gas)- 1 4 5 2 3 6 1. Gas Appliance Shutoff - required to shutoff the gas supply to the boiler if the need for service or repair arises. 2. Drip Leg - a plumbing configuration that is used to remove debris from the gas line before it enters the boiler. A drip leg consists of a black iron T fitting, a straight Black iron pipe (about 3-4”) and a cap. 3.
Installation Manual Installation - Gas -Regulator Installation Example (Liquid Propane)- 8 9 7 10 6 4 1 2 3 5 1. Gas Appliance Shutoff - required to shutoff the gas supply to the boiler if the need for service or repair arises. 2. Drip Leg - a plumbing configuration that is used to remove debris from the gas line before it enters the boiler. A drip leg consists of a black iron T fitting, a straight Black iron pipe (about 3-4”) and a cap. 3.
Installation Manual Installation - Gas -Gas Connections- 1. Install a manual gas shutoff valve, drip leg, flexible gas line and regulator between the micro-boiler and the gas supply line as pictured. The gas supply line shall be checked for leaks using code approved methods. 2. When the gas connections are completed, it is necessary to perform a gas leak test either by applying soapy water to all gas fittings and observing for bubbles or by using a gas leak detection device.
Owner's Guide Installation - Gas -Natural Gas (NG) Supply PipingMaximum delivery capacity of cubic feet of gas per hour of IPS Pipe carrying natural gas with 0.60 specific gravity based on pressure drop of 0.5” W.C. Based on energy content of 1,000 BTU/Cubic ft.: The micro-boiler requires 120 Cubic ft.
Installation Manual Installation - Gas -Measuring inlet gas pressure1. Turn off all electric power to the micro-boiler if service is to be performed. 2. Turn the manual gas valve located on the outside of the micro-boiler to the off position. The micro-boiler cannot perform properly without sufficient inlet gas pressure. Below are instructions on how to check the inlet gas pressure. THIS IS ONLY TO BE DONE BY A LICENSED PROFESSIONAL. • • • • • Shut off the manual gas valve on the gas supply line.
Installation Manual Installation -Pressure relief valveThe micro-boiler has a high-temperature shutoff switch built in as a standard safety feature (called a Hi-Limit switch) therefore a "pressure only" relief valve is required. If you are using Hydro Smart pre-built panels the pressure relief valve will be on the primary(boiler) loop of the Master Panel and an additional pressure relief valve may not be needed, check local codes.
Installation Manual Installation -Condensate Drain ConnectionsDischarge condensate (acidic water) in accordance with all local codes and common safety practices. WARNING The micro-boiler is a high efficiency condensing model that produces condensate (acidic water). The acidic condensate generated in the secondary heat exchanger can be neutralized by the Neutralizer accessory. Case A: If a neutralizer is not required 1.
Installation Manual Installation • WARNING • • • • The condensate drain is at atmospheric pressure (non-pressurized) and therefore must be allowed to drain freely with gravity only. Please ensure that there are no blockages along the condensate drain tube. All portions of the condensate drain (neutralizer and drain tube) must be at a lower elevation than the micro-boiler to prevent condensate water from building up inside the heat exchanger.
Installation Manual Installation -HIGH-ALTITUDE INSTALLATIONSCheck the elevation where your micro-boiler is installed. Set DIPswitches shown in the tables below depending on the altitude. Altitude 0 to 2,000 ft. (DEFAULT) ON OFF DIPswitches 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No. 3 : OFF No. 4 : OFF No. 5 : OFF 2,000 to 3,000 ft. ON OFF 3,000 to 5,000 ft. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ON OFF No. 3 : OFF No. 4 : ON No. 5 : OFF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No. 3 : OFF No. 4 : OFF No. 5 : ON 5,000 to 7,500 ft.
Installation Manual Installation -Water Connections• CAUTION • • • Do not use this micro-boiler if any part has been submersed under water. Immediately call a licensed professional to inspect the micro-boiler to replace any damaged parts. Do not reverse the hot outlet and cold inlet connections to the microboiler. This will not properly activate the micro-boiler. All pipes, pipe fittings, valves and other components, including soldering materials, must be suitable for space heating systems.
Installation Manual Installation APPLICATIONS -Space heating applications- WARNING • In order to purge air in water pipes within a closed-loop system, an air vent, air separator, and expansion tank should be installed in the system. The system must follow primary/secondary plumbing design specification. (Optional Hydro Smart pre-built space heating panels incorporate all these features and are located in the optional accessories section starting on p. 34.
Installation Manual Installation -One zone plumbing example- HYDRO SMART supply pressure/ temp gauge air separators HS120 Modulating/ Condensing boiler pressure relief valve Primary Circulator Stiebel Eltron or Gundfos circulator w/ internal check valve isolation flanges & purge valve gas regulator return pressure/temp gauge diaphragm type expansion tank thermostat pump controller y-strainer primary/ secondary fitting --- ---- --- ---- --- ---- --- ---- --- ---- Secondary Circulator Stiebel E
Installation Manual Installation -INITIAL OPERATIONFOR YOUR SAFETY, READ BEFORE OPERATING • • • • • • • • Check the GAS and WATER CONNECTIONS for leaks before firing unit for the first time. Open the main gas supply valve to the micro-boiler using only your hand to avoid any spark. Never use tools. If the knob will not turn by hand, do not try to force it; call a qualified service technician. Forced repair may result in a fire or explosion due to gas leaks.
Installation Manual Optional Items OPTIONAL ITEMS # ITEM CATALOG # 1. 3- inch Concentric PVC Termination HS-CVent-3 2. 4- inch Backflow Preventer HS-2ZVB04 3. 3/4 in. Flexible Gas Pipe ConnGasFlex34 4. 1/2 in. Gas Regulator (LP and NG) RegGasLP12 / RegGasNG12 5. 3/4 in. Gas Regulator (LP and NG) RegGasLP34 / RegGasNG34 6. Master Pro One Zone Panel HSPS120LT 7. Master Pro Integrator Panel - Zoning by Actuator HSPS120MTL 8. 24 Vac Actuator 656314 9.
Installation Manual Optional Items -Gas OptionsItem #3: 3/4 in. Flexible Gas Pipe - This 1 inch OD, 3/4" ID, durable, corrosion-resistant stainless steel gas connector is configured with 3/4" MIP x 3/4" FIP adapters and is 36 inches in length. Designed with safety in mind, this CSA approved gas connector is coated with an antimicrobial PVC for unmatched protection from weather and abuse. It is commonly used for the installation of appliances with a high BTU requirement. Item #4 & #5: 1/2in. and 3/4 in.
Installation Manual Optional Items -One zone systemItem #6: HSPS120LT (One zone panel) - This Master One Zone Panel (Low Temp-Max. 155° F) is utilized when 1 thermostat zone is required in the system. The panel extracts the heated fluid from the boiler and processes the heated fluid to the emitter circuit. Boiler and emitter circuits have hydraulic separation for independent flow adjustments.
Installation Manual Optional Items -Multi zone by Pump systemItem #9: HSPS120MPL (Master Pro Integrator Panel - Zoning by Pump) - This Master Zoning by Pump Panel (Low Temp-Max. 155° F) utilizes primary/secondary plumbing. This panel would be a great choice when you have multiple zones with low temperature emitters (100° F - 130° F) and would like to maintain constant pressure on each zone. A pump panel system can handle up to 1800 sqft per zone and 3600 sqft for the total system.
Installation Manual Optional Items -Multi zone by Zone Valve systemItem #13: HSPS120MZL (Master Pro Integrator Panel - Zoning by Zone Valve) - This Master Zoning by Zone Valve Panel (Low Temp-Max. 155° F) utilizes primary/secondary plumbing. This panels zoning is similar to Item #7. I would recommend this system when you choose to control your zone by the entire manifold and not by the individual loop. Note: Each zone must have min. of 600 sqft.
Installation Manual -Dual Purpose panel (Domestic and Space Heating)Item #16: CB-PE30MV-120HT120DW (Potable Hot Water Panel) - Insert a Hydro Smart Dual Purpose Panel into your space heating system to provide potable heated water. Call tech support (1-763331-3066) for sizing assistance.
Owner's Guide Owner's Guide CONGRATULATIONS Congratulations and thank you for choosing our condensing micro-boiler. Before use, we recommend that you read through this safety manual carefully. Please refer to the back of the manual for details about the warranty. Keep this manual for future reference. If you lose the manual, contact the manufacturer or your local distributor. When you call, please tell us the model number and the serial number of your unit written on the rating plate of the micro-boiler.
Owner's Guide OPERATING SAFETY -For your safety read before operating- WARNING If you do not follow these instructions exactly, a fire or explosion may result causing property damage, personal injury or loss of life. A. This micro-boiler does not have a pilot. It is equipped with an ignition device that automatically lights the burner. Do not try to light the burner by hand. B. BEFORE OPERATING smell all around the micro-boiler area for evidence of leaking gas.
Owner's Guide Operating Safety DANGER Vapors from flammable liquids will explode and catch fire causing death or severe burns. Do not use or store flammable products such as gasoline, solvents or adhesives in the same room or area near the micro-boiler. Keep flammable products 1. Far away from boiler 2. In approved containers 3. Tightly containers 4. Out of children's reach 1. 2. 3. 4.
Owner's Guide Normal Operation NORMAL OPERATION -Display of the controllerThe illustration below shows an example of the display of the controllers. The exact display may differ from examples. "INFO" Display for Temperature Each the is pressed, the mode is selected in the following sequence. Inlet water temperature Outlet water temperature When the STAND BY LED is ON, the hot water set temperature will be displayed. "HOT" "COLD" Water IN USE LED (Green) This . .
Owner's Guide Normal Operation -TEMPERATURE SETTINGSOPERATION SCREEN ON THE CONTROLLER 1. Turn on the 120 VAC power supply to the micro-boiler. 2. Press the "ON/OFF" button on the controller in order to turn the controller on. 3. When ON, the STAND BY LED is lit. 4. It shows the set temperature on its display as shown in the picture on the right. (EX.: 120° F) 5. Press the "HOT" button or the "COLD" button to set the temperature setting of the unit. (EX.
Owner's Guide Normal Operation -ADDITIONAL FEATURES-Information modeYou can get some information about the micro-boiler condition by pressing the "INFO" button. For more information, follow the procedures below: OPERATION SCREEN ON THE CONTROLLER 1. Inlet water temperature will be displayed on the controller by pressing the "INFO" button. Inlet water temperature (EX.: 60° F) 2. Outlet water temperature will be displayed on the controller by pressing the "INFO" button. Outlet water temperature (EX.
Owner's Guide Normal Operation -FLOW• • The flow rate through the micro-boiler is limited to a maximum of 7.0 GPM (26.5 L/min.). The temperature setting, along with the return temperature of the water in the system will determine the flow rate output of the micro-boiler. -FREEZE PROTECTION SYSTEM• • • • • • This micro-boiler comes equipped with heating blocks to protect it against damage associated with freezing.
Owner's Guide Normal Operation -MAINTENANCE AND SERVICETurn off the electrical power supply and close the manual gas shutoff valve and the manual water control valve before servicing. WARNING • • • • • • • Be sure that all openings for combustion and ventilation air are not blocked. The venting system should be checked annually for any leaks, corrosion, blockages or damage. The burner should be checked annually for dust, lint, grease or dirt. Keep the area around the micro-boiler clear.
Owner's Guide Troubleshooting TROUBLESHOOTING -General- WATER HEATER TEMPERATURE and AMOUNT OF HOT WATER PROBLEM SOLUTIONS The water is not hot enough. • • • • • • Compare the flow and temperature. See the chart on p. 58. Is the plumbing correct(primary/secondary, pump size, ect.)? Is the gas supply valve fully open? (p. 33) Is the gas line sized properly? (p. 24) Is the gas supply pressure sufficient? (p. 20 and p. 25) Is the set temperature set too low? (p. 43 to p. 45) The water is too hot.
Owner's Guide Troubleshooting -ERROR CODES-General• • • The micro-boiler has self-diagnostics for safety and convenience when troubleshooting. If there is a problem with the micro-boiler itself, or the installation of the unit, the error code will be displayed on the temperature controller. Consult with the table on the following pages for the description of each error code.
Owner's Guide Troubleshooting -Fault Analysis of Error CodesIf an error code is displayed on the computer board of the micro-boiler and/or on the temperature controller, please check the following. After checking, consult with the manufacturer. Display Green LED 031 One Time Malfunction Description Incorrect DIPswitch setting Diagnosis • Check the DIPswitch settings on the PCB (Part #701). • Check if the gas type of the micro-boiler matches the gas supplied to it.
Owner's Guide Troubleshooting Display 391 Green LED Two Times Malfunction Description Air-Fuel ratio rad failure Six Times Abnormal main gas solenoid valve 551 Six Times Abnormal gas solenoid valve 611 Four Times Fan motor fault 701 One Time 711 721 510 Diagnosis • Check for connection/breakage of wires (Part #708) and/or soot on the AFR rod (Part #108). • Check for connection/breakage of wires (Part #707) and/or burn marks on the computer board (Part #701).
Owner's Guide Components Diagram COMPONENTS DIAGRAM -Case assembly003 052 052 007 004 004 052 001 714 702 704 050 002 -Temperature controller- 722 721 724 721 056 52 Page
Owner's Guide Components Diagram -Computer board assembly- 701 709 707 710 103 711 716 708 402 408 407 402 706 060 713 -Surge box assembly- 120 053 712 710 703 705 701 712 53 Page
Owner's Guide Components Diagram -Burner assembly- Burner assembly 101 104 115 053 053 108 107 401 106 116 708 053 110 061 109 102 111 709 112 117 053 103 105 Manifold assembly 114 113 053 064 707 054 150 119 120 709 151 057 055 062 053 055 117 051 711 54 118 Page
Owner's Guide Components Diagram -Water way assembly- 412 154 452 417 463 455 063 467 063 463 418 467 455 458 A 455 E 455 458 B 419 465 466 064 715 464 413 053 450 053 A 451 413 401 B 411 058 E 451 C 414 460 462 451 413 415 468 461 D 414 451 453 408 059 457 C 403 052 55 Page 458 455 402 459 D 457 456 406 404 405 409 416 052 410 454 416 052 453 059 407
Owner's Guide Parts List PARTS LIST Item # Description Part # 001 Case assembly EK450 002 Front cover EK452 003 004 005 006 007 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 064 Intake air port assembly Bracket Junction box Power supply cord assembly Back guard panel Screw M4 x 12 (W / Washer) Screw M4 x 10 (W / Washer) Screw M4 x 10 (Coated) Screw M4 x 10 Hex head screw M4 x 12 (W / Washer) Hex head screw M4 x 8 Pan screw M4 x 20 Tap tight screw M4 x 12 FEZN Screw M3 x 6 SUS Screw M4 x
Owner's Guide Parts List Item # 150 151 154 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 Description Part # O-ring P18 NBR (Black) O-ring P20 NBR (Black) Silicon ring Heat exchanger assembly Flow adjustment valve / Flow sensor Condensate drain port Water inlet Inlet drain plug Inlet water filter Inlet thermistor Outlet thermistor Water outlet Outlet drain plug Hi-Limit switch Overheat-cut-off fuse P
Owner's Guide Parts List Item # Description Part # 701 702 703 704 705 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 Computer board Rubber grommet Surge box 120 VAC wire 120 VAC Power ON-OFF switch Gas valve wire Flame rod wire Igniter assembly Freeze protection thermostat Proportional gas valve wire Nylon clamp FC6 Computer board cover Cable clamp EK480 EX148 EK280 EK146 EKK4V EK482 EK483 EK484 EKJ59 EK112 EX004 EKK1M EX13C 715 716 Exhaust thermistor Exhaust Hi-limit switch wire EKH6E EK180 721 722 Temperature
Owner's Guide Warranty LIMITED WARRANTY 1. The manufacturer warrants this product against defects in materials or workmanship as described in this document if installed within the United States or Canada.
Owner's Guide Warranty • • • • • • • Freeze damage that occurs without taking proper preventive measures as described in the installation manual. Condensate damage due to improperly installed or lack of a condensate trap (drain). Any product not installed in compliance with all applicable local & provincial codes, ordinances, and good trade practices. Any product sold to or installed in areas outside of the fifty states (and the District of Columbia) of the United States of America and Canada.
