8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module User’s Guide
Note to US Government Users — Documentation released to restricted rights — Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corporation. © COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION 1997. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a non-exclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you.
CONTENTS Mapping Ethernet and ATM Addresses 2-6 Address Resolution 2-6 LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol (LE_ARP) 2-7 What Happens to Unicast Frames? 2-7 What Happens to Broadcast and Multicast Frames? 2-7 ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) 2-8 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer 2-8 ATM is Cell-based 2-8 ATM is Service Transparent 2-9 ATM is Connection-oriented 2-9 Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs) 2-12 Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs) 2-12 ATM Interfaces 2-12 Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI)
Planning Your Network 4-1 ATM Configuration Rules 4-2 Extending VLANs Through the ATM Network 4-2 ATM Connections Within Your Network 4-3 5 Logging On 7-3 Logging Off 7-4 Automatic Logout 7-4 PUTTING YOUR ATM NETWORK TOGETHER 8 Configuring an ATM Port 8-2 Extending VLANs into the ATM Network 8-4 Displaying all VLANs 8-5 ATM Port Setup 8-6 Mapping Far End MAC Addresses 8-8 Creating a MAC Address to ATM Entry 8-9 Finding an Address Entry 8-10 Updating Address Entries 8-10 Deleting an Address Entry 8-1
A SAFETY INFORMATION Safety Notices A-1 World Trade Safety Information A-1 B SCREEN ACCESS RIGHTS C ATM MODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Environmental Specifications C-1 ATM Cable Specification C-1 Does the Cable Provide Sufficient Bandwidth? C-2 D TROUBLESHOOTING How to Use this Guide to Troubleshoot D-1 Using LEDs D-2 Identifying the Problem D-3 ELAN Configuration Problems D-15 Solving Known Problems D-17 Power Supply Problems D-18 Power On Self Test (POST) Failure D-19 Cable Connection Problems D-2
ABOUT THIS GUIDE Introduction This guide provides the information that you need to install and configure the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module (agent software version 1.05) within an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN switch which has version 3.1 agent software installed. This guide is intended for use by network administrators who are responsible for installing and setting up networking equipment. It assumes a basic working knowledge of Local Area Networks.
2 ABOUT THIS GUIDE Finding Information in This Guide Conventions The following table shows you where to find specific information within this guide. Table 1 and Table 2 list conventions that are used throughout this guide.
Related Documentation Table 2 Text Conventions (continued) Convention Description Words in Italics Italics emphasize a point or denote new terms at the place where they are defined in the text. Words in bold Bold text denotes key features. Related Documentation The ATM OC-3c Module documetation set includes: ■ IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module Quick Reference Guide. Part Number 02L1333 ■ IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module Release Notes.
4 ABOUT THIS GUIDE
1 FEATURES AND BENEFITS This chapter describes the main features of the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module and the benefits of ATM within your network. The ATM Module provides a high-speed ATM connection between your IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch and the ATM network. Positioned within a workgroup or departmental LAN, the ATM Module provides a fast ATM downlink to the building or ATM campus.
1-2 CHAPTER 1: FEATURES AND BENEFITS ATM Module Features ■ ■ The following list summarizes the ATM Module features. These features are described in more detail in this guide.
2 NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS This guide contains several chapters that describe the basic concepts behind ATM technology, and integrating ATM into your existing network: ■ This chapter describes some of the concepts behind the network layer architecture of a typical ATM network. ■ Chapter 3, “Virtual LAN Concepts” describes how Virtual LANs (VLANs) are extended into the ATM network. ■ Chapter 4, “Putting Your ATM Network Together” describes how to plan your ATM network.
2-2 CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS Upper Layer Protocols The Upper Layer is the layer in the network architecture that relates to user applications and service requests. For example, an application could be file transfer software, and the service request could be a request to transfer a file from a user’s PC to a shared file server. User data and control information is passed down the network layers in the source device, and passed up the layers at the destination device.
What is LAN Emulation (LANE)? LAN Emulation Components Each Emulated LAN (ELAN) is composed of a set of LAN Emulation components. This section describes each of these components. LAN Emulation Client (LEC) Each ATM device has a number of LAN Emulation clients. Each LAN Emulation Client (LEC) is responsible for taking Ethernet frames and passing them through the ATM network to the LEC serving the destination address.
2-4 CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS LAN Emulation Components in Your Network Each Emulated LAN consists of a single LANE Service, and a number of LAN Emulation clients. A LANE Service consists of: ■ A LAN Emulation Server (LES) ■ A Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS) ■ Optional LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS). Figure 2-2 shows a logical view of a typical ELAN.
What is LAN Emulation (LANE)? Joining the ELAN Before a LAN Emulation Client (LEC) can transmit any Ethernet frames onto the ATM network it must first join an ELAN. To join the ELAN: 1 The LEC must know the name of the ELAN it is to Locating the LECS Before the LEC can ask the LECS for the address of the LES, the LEC must first locate the LECS.
2-6 CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS Mapping Ethernet and ATM Addresses Each device connected to an Ethernet port has one or more MAC addresses. Each ATM device has a number of LAN Emulation clients, and each LAN Emulation Client (LEC) has an ATM address. An example of this is shown in Figure 2-3. Address Resolution The process by which a LEC associates a LAN destination address with the ATM address of another LEC (or the BUS) is known as Address Resolution.
What is LAN Emulation (LANE)? 2-7 In addition the sending LEC attempts to locate the LEC serving the destination address. It does this using the LE_ARP process, described in “LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol (LE_ARP)”. LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol (LE_ARP) An LE_ARP request is sent to the LES to locate the destination MAC address. The LES in turn sends the LE_ARP request to all of the LECs in the Emulated LAN.
2-8 CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) Ethernet frames can be between 64 and 1514 bytes in length. ATM transmits data in fixed length cells. Each cell contains 48 bytes of user data. The ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) converts data between the Ethernet and ATM formats. The AAL has a Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR) sub-layer that does the conversion. In the sending device the LEC passes the Ethernet frames to the SAR.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer ATM is Service Transparent ATM allows for the high speed transfer of a wide range of user traffic, including voice, video and other data. The cell format means that more than one service (traffic type) can be multiplexed over the same physical line, see Figure 2-4.
2-10 CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS A VCC is defined as spanning end-to-end, whereas a Virtual Channel (VC) is the name given to a section of the VCC, refer to Figure 2-6. Figure 2-7 on page 2-11 shows how ATM cells are switched through the ATM network using the VPI/VCI values. Instead of containing the ATM address of the final destination device, each cell header contains the VPI/VCI values associated with the virtual channel it is going to take to get to the next ATM Switch in the connection.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer Figure 2-7 Switching Cells using VPI and VCI values.
2-12 CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs) SVCs use the signalling protocol to dynamically define connections as they are needed and to release them when they are no longer needed. SVCs use signalling for: ■ Connections initiated by the user/application. ■ Connections established and dropped dynamically. ■ Varied connection time. ■ Connections not automatically re-established after network failure.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer 2-13 Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI) ATM Address Registration The ATM Forum produced the Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI) to increase monitoring and diagnostic facilities, and to provide ATM address registration at the User-to-Network Interface (UNI). In order to establish an ATM connection, both the user and the network must know the ATM addresses used at that User-to-Network Interface (UNI). An example of an ATM address is shown below.
2-14 CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS The ATM Layer and Cell Structure This section describes the cell structure, and how the ATM Layer uses the information stored in the cell header to perform each of its tasks. The ATM Layer’s primary responsibility is to manage the sending and receiving of cells between the user and the network. The ATM Layer accepts the user data and control information from the ATM Adaptation Layer, adds the cell header, and passes the resulting 53 byte cell to the physical layer.
Physical Layer Physical Layer The physical layer is responsible for transmitting and receiving ATM cells over a physical medium. It is also responsible for checking the integrity of the bits being transferred over a physical media, and for making sure that they are error-free. The ATM Module is compliant with both SONET STS-3c and SDH STM-1 physical layer standards. These standards are similar, and most devices allow you to use either framing standard on each link in the ATM network.
2-16 CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS
3 VIRTUAL LAN CONCEPTS This chapter provides a brief overview of Virtual LAN (VLAN) concepts, and describes how to extend VLANs into the ATM network. This user guide does not describe how to create or configure VLANs. VLAN configuration is described in the user guide that accompanies your Switch. Creating Inter-switch VLANs You can create inter-switch VLANs using Virtual LAN Trunks (VLTs) on Fast Ethernet connections, as shown in Figure 3-1.
3-2 CHAPTER 3: VIRTUAL LAN CONCEPTS Extending VLANs into the ATM Network You can use LAN Emulation to define and extend VLANs seamlessly through the ATM network, as shown in the example in Figure 3-3. Traffic from one Emulated LAN (ELAN) is not seen on another ELAN as they are logically separate domains. For this reason, when you plan your network, you should consider what ELANs you require, and how the VLANs will map to these ELANs.
Extending VLANs into the ATM Network Figure 3-3 Extending VLANs into the ATM Network.
3-4 CHAPTER 3: VIRTUAL LAN CONCEPTS
4 PUTTING YOUR ATM NETWORK TOGETHER This chapter takes you through the process of planning your network. Topics include: ■ Does your existing ATM network have sufficient resources? ■ Planning and tracking your network configuration. Consider the capacity of: ■ ATM Configuration Rules. ■ ■ Extending Virtual LANs (VLANs) into the ATM network. ■ ■ ATM connection types. ■ Planning Your Network Before installing your ATM devices you should spend some time planning your network structure.
4-2 CHAPTER 4: PUTTING YOUR ATM NETWORK TOGETHER ■ Does your network meet safety specifications? ■ You should always follow safety requirements and ensure that your device environment meets all technical specifications. For the ATM Module these requirements are specified in Appendix A. For other devices, refer to the user guides that accompany those devices.
ATM Connections Within Your Network ■ ■ Virtual circuits required. 4-3 Alternatively, if your LEC will not be using a LECS and is being configured manually, ensure that: MAC addresses that can be held in the device LAN Emulation ARP Table. ■ When a LAN Emulation Client (LEC) joins an ELAN, up to five control connections may be required before any data is transferred over a separate data connection (VCC). Each time a LEC connects to another LEC a further connection is required.
4-4 CHAPTER 4: PUTTING YOUR ATM NETWORK TOGETHER Figure 4-1 shows an example of a network configuration where a remote edge-device does not support LAN Emulation based on SVCs (it only supports PVC LAN Emulation).
5 NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES This chapter provides examples of possible network configurations using the ATM Module. If you are unfamiliar with ATM, you should read this chapter in conjunction with Chapter 4, “Putting Your ATM Network Together”. ATM Backbone in the Building This section gives an example of an ATM backbone within a single building, as shown in Figure 5-1. In this case, the Ethernet Switch on each floor is provided with a high speed (155Mbps) full duplex link to the backbone.
5-2 CHAPTER 5: NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES Campus Configuration The section gives an example of ATM within a campus environment. The diagram shown in Figure 5-2 on page 5-3 demonstrates a balance between cost and performance requirements. Building A shows how you can concentrate IBM 8721 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 612 and 624 devices using an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 712. All traffic internal to Building A is switched over Fast Ethernet.
Campus Configuration Figure 5-2 Campus and Cost Sensitive Network 5-3
5-4 CHAPTER 5: NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES Making a Building Resilient to Network Failure You can build resilience into your building backbone as shown in Figure 5-3. The provision of resilient links protects your network against cable and network failure by using a main and a standby link. Should the main link fail, a standby link automatically takes over the function of the main link.
6 INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE Following Safety Information ATTENTION: Only hold the ATM Module by the edges to avoid damage from static. Do not touch the top or bottom of the circuit board. DANGER: Before installing or removing anycomponents of a device, or carrying out anymaintenance work, you must read the safety informationprovided in Appendix A, “Safety Information” of this guide.
6-2 CHAPTER 6: INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE qualquer trabalho de manutenção, deve ler o conteúdo do Apêndice A, “Informações sobre Segurança”, deste manual. Peligro: Antes de instalar o extraer cualquiercomponente de un dispositivo, o realizar cualquier trabajo de mantenimiento, debe leer la información de seguridad incluída en el Apéndice, “Información de Seguridad” de esta guía.
Device Support Device Support The ATM Module allows you to connect your IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch to an ATM network. Switches that support the ATM Module are listed in the “Release Notes” that accompany your ATM Module. Pre-installation Procedure This section describes the procedures you need to perform before installing the ATM Module. Check the Power Supply Before installing the ATM Module ensure that you have sufficient power supply to power the Switch and ATM Module.
6-4 CHAPTER 6: INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE Installation This section describes how to install the ATM Module using the example of an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 624 device. Installation is similar for all devices compatible with this ATM Module. 1 If the Switch is connected to the network, turn off the power to the switch and disconnect the switch from the main power supply and the network. 2 Place the Switch on a flat, clean, hard, working surface.
Post-Installation Checks Connecting a cable to the ATM Port 1 Ensure that the cable you wish to connect to the port meets the correct specification. For cable specifications, refer to “ATM Cable Specification” on page C-1. 2 Each end of the fiber cable has a transmit (Tx) and Powering Up the Switch The Switch does not have an On/Off button, so the only way to power up the Switch is to connect it to the main power supply using a power cable.
6-6 CHAPTER 6: INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE LED Summary This section describes the LEDs that provide status and troubleshooting information. Table 6-1 lists the Switch LEDs, and Table 6-2 lists ATM Module LEDs. Table 6-1 LEDs on the Switch LED Name Color/State MGMT Green (On the front of the Switch) Green flashing LED Name Color/State Indicates Far End Status (On ATM Module) Green The ATM Switch has not detected an error on the ATM Module’s transmit link.
Post-Installation Checks Checking the Power Supply Check the MGMT LED on the Switch. If the MGMT LED is not lit there is a power supply problem. Try the following troubleshooting procedures: If the ATM CONFIGURATION option does not appear: ■ You may have an incompatible version of the software. Refer to the “Release Notes” for details of which version of the software should be downloaded. ■ It could be that the ATM Module is still initializing.
6-8 CHAPTER 6: INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE 4 Remove any objects obstructing the cable and straighten out any kinks in the cable. 5 If you suspect that the fiber optic connector is dirty, refer to “Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors” on page D-24. 6 Check that your cable meets the specifications described in “ATM Cable Specification” on page C-1. 7 Replace the cable, and check the Link Status LED again. 8 Contact IBM Technical Support; refer to Appendix E.
7 ACCESSING MANAGEMENT FEATURES The menu-driven user interface built into the device is known as the VT100 or Local Management interface. The VT100 management interface has a forms-based structure with pre-defined security levels, enabling access to be restricted to particular users. Accessing and navigating the local screens is described in the manual which accompanies your IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN switch. Screen Map Figure 7-1 on page 7-2 provides a map of available local management screens.
7-2 CHAPTER 7: ACCESSING MANAGEMENT FEATURES Figure 7-1 Screen Map
Logging On Logging On 1 Connect your terminal to the Console port using a cross-over cable for a serial line connection. 2 At your terminal, press [Return] two or more times 7-3 If your terminal is already setup with these values, the Main Banner will appear as soon as power-up is complete. 3 At the Main Banner, press [Return] to display the Logon screen, as shown in Figure 7-3. until the Main Banner is displayed, as shown in Figure 7-2.
7-4 CHAPTER 7: ACCESSING MANAGEMENT FEATURES Logging Off Table 7-1 Default Users User Name Default Password Access Level monitor monitor monitor — this user can view, but not change settings on the screens they can access. manager manager manager — this user can view and change the operational parameters (but not the special/security features) on the screens they can access. security security security — this user can view and change all manageable parameters on the screens they can access.
8 MANAGING THE ATM MODULE This chapter describes how to manage the ATM Module. If you wish to view statistics, refer to Chapter 9, “Monitoring the ATM Module”. Figure 8-1 Management Screen Map Figure 8-1 shows the screen map. Management features are shown in gray to help you locate the screen you need.
8-2 CHAPTER 8: M ANAGING THE ATM MODULE Configuring an ATM Port The ATM Module Configuration Screen shows the settings and standards used by the ATM Module to communicate with other devices on the ATM network. It is unlikely that you will need to change the value of these settings once they have been set. ATTENTION: If you need to change the value of any of the settings, you may experience a temporary loss of communication while the device resets.
Configuring an ATM Port SONET/SDH Specifies the framing used. Select either SONET STS-3c or SDH STM-1. The default is SONET STS-3c. The MAX VPI Bits and MAX VCI Bits fields described below, are used to determine how many bits can be used within each cell header to define the value of the VPI and VCI. The value of the VPI and VCI fields identify the connection. MAX VPI Bits can be used to identify which WAN connection to use.
8-4 CHAPTER 8: M ANAGING THE ATM MODULE Upgradable Software Version Shows the version number of agent software stored on the ATM Module (in Flash EPROM). An example of the ATM LEC Setup screen is shown in Figure 8-3. Boot Software Version This is the version number of the boot software stored on the ATM Module. You should keep a copy of these version numbers, in case you need to contact IBM technical support.
Extending VLANs into the ATM Network 2 If the VLAN is to be connected to an ELAN, select Yes. If you do not wish the VLAN to be connected to an ELAN, select No. 3 If there is a LECS controlling ELANs on your network, it should automatically supply the LES address for the ELAN, and you should select the LECS option.
8-6 CHAPTER 8: M ANAGING THE ATM MODULE ATM Port Setup The ATM Port Setup screen allows you to switch the ATM port on or off, and provides status information about the state of the port, and the LECs associated with each of the VLANs. To display the screen: 1 From the Main Menu select SWITCH MANAGEMENT. The Switch Management screen is displayed, as shown in Figure 8-4 on page 8-5. 2 For the Management Level field, select the Port option.
ATM Port Setup 8-7 If the link is Not Available and both devices are powered-up and operational, there is a physical problem with your connection. For information about the cause of problems and possible solutions, see Table 8-2. Table 8-2 Link State Troubleshooting Summary Problem Solution The connectors at either Ensure that the cable is end of the link have come securely connected to the loose, or been accidently port at both ends of the link. pulled out.
8-8 CHAPTER 8: M ANAGING THE ATM MODULE Lost Links The number of times a link was unable to transmit traffic, that is, the number of times (since the device was reset) that the Link State became Not Available. LEC States Shows the status of the LEC for each VLAN. The state can be: LEC Active — traffic is passing through the LEC. LEC Inactive — traffic is not passing through the LEC. LEC Not in Use — you have decided not to connect this VLAN to the ATM network.
Mapping Far End MAC Addresses VLAN Allows you to select a VLAN, and display address information about remote systems connected to that VLAN. 8-9 FIND ATM ADDRESS This button allows you to locate the ATM address mapped to a specified MAC address. Port Identifies the selected port. REFRESH This button updates the view of the ARP Table to include the latest available information. Far MAC Address Shows the MAC Address on the edge-device at the far end of the connection.
8-10 CHAPTER 8: M ANAGING THE ATM MODULE Finding an Address Entry 1 In the Far MAC Address field, type in the MAC address associated with the ATM address you are trying to locate. 2 Select the FIND ATM ADDRESS button. An asterisk (*) is shown next to the entry in the database listbox. Updating Address Entries To view up-to-date ARP Table entries, select the REFRESH button.
Setting Up Resilient Links ATM Address Shows the ATM address of LEC for either the ATM Module or the ATM Switch. If Near is shown in the End field, the address is the address of the LEC in the ATM Module. If Far is shown in the End field, it is the address of the LEC in the ATM Switch or attached ATM device at the far end of the connection. Type shows the connection type. The connection types can be: Incoming — the switched virtual circuit was set up by the Far End LEC.
8-12 CHAPTER 8: M ANAGING THE ATM MODULE Every 2 minutes the Switch checks the resilient links to ensure that the fastest link is the Main (active) link in the resilient link pair. If the fastest link is not the Main (active) link, the Switch automatically makes it the Main (active) link, on the condition that: ■ There have not been any Lost Links within the last 2 minutes on the faster link that will become the Main (active) link. ■ The faster link has been up for 2 minutes.
Upgrading Software When the OK button is selected, the status of the upgrade is displayed. The following error and status messages are available: Error Messages This section lists error messages that may appear if an error occurs while downloading a new software image, and suggests solutions to the problem. File Not Found The file you require is not on the specified TFTP server.
8-14 CHAPTER 8: M ANAGING THE ATM MODULE Status Messages This section lists status messages that can appear when you download new software images to a device. Active The file is currently being downloaded to the selected device. Allow time for the download to complete. Download successful The file you chose to download to the selected device was downloaded successfully. Load Paused The download failed and another attempt will be made. The download may have failed due to network re-configuration.
9 MONITORING THE ATM MODULE This chapter describes how to monitor the status and performance of your ATM Module. Figure 9-1 Status Monitoring Screen Map Figure 9-1 shows the screen map. Monitoring screens are shaded gray to help you locate the screens you need.
9-2 CHAPTER 9: M ONITORING THE ATM MODULE Table 9-1 Statistics and Status Summary Statistics Overview This section provides a brief overview of the additional statistics that are available when you install an ATM Module. Refer to the user guide that accompanies the Switch for information about the statistics that are provided by the Switch software. Monitoring Use VLAN/ELAN ATM VLAN LEC Status Screen: To monitor the state of the LEC to LES set up process.
ATM Port Statistics ATM Port Statistics The ATM Port Statistics screen provides a top level summary of traffic levels on the ATM Port. You can use the summary to estimate the amount of traffic on your network backbone, and to check the health of the incoming connection. Statistics are grouped into: ■ ATM Port Bandwidth use and incoming connection health. ■ AAL5 layer health and use. ■ ATM layer health and use. 9-3 3 Select the STATS button to display the ATM Port Statistics screen.
9-4 CHAPTER 9: M ONITORING THE ATM MODULE Receive Errors Shows the percentage of cells received that have errors. For example, cells received with corrupted header information (Header Error Control – HEC). Receive Errors indicate that there is something wrong with the link, and you should check for the following faults: The screen also shows the AAL5 layer statistics.
ATM VLAN LEC Status The screen also shows the following ATM statistics: Cells Received The number of ATM cells received by the port. Cells Transmitted The number of ATM cells transmitted per second by the port. Errored Cells The number of ATM cells that contain an error, for example, cells that have Header Error Control (HEC) errors.
9-6 CHAPTER 9: M ONITORING THE ATM MODULE Port ID Identifies the currently selected port. Table 9-3 Last LEC Failure Reason VLAN Allows you to select the VLAN you wish to monitor. The default is VLAN 1. If you wish to review the state of all VLANs on the ATM Module, see “ATM Port Setup” on page 8-6. State Possible Causes Possible Solutions None The LEC is either inactive or has successfully completed the operation. None required. LEC State Shows the state of the LEC to LES communication.
ATM VLAN LEC Status 9-7 Table 9-3 Last LEC Failure Reason Table 9-3 Last LEC Failure Reason State Possible Causes Possible Solutions State Possible Causes Possible Solutions Invalid Request Parameters The LEC may be requesting a resource that is on an ELAN which has a different LAN type to the LEC. Check the underlying media for both the ELAN and the LEC requesting the service.
9-8 CHAPTER 9: M ONITORING THE ATM MODULE Table 9-3 Last LEC Failure Reason Table 9-3 Last LEC Failure Reason State Possible Causes Possible Solutions State Possible Causes Insufficient Resources Too many connections have been requested and the tables used by the LES may be full, and the connection cannot be set up. You may wish to consider extending or restructuring your network. Invalid Requestor ID There is a problem with Contact 3Com the LEC software. Support.
ATM VLAN LEC Status Table 9-3 Last LEC Failure Reason 9-9 Table 9-4 LEC Operation at Failure State Possible Causes Possible Solutions Operation Description LE_CONFIGURE Error The information provided by the LEC may be invalid. As this state is used to indicate a range of problems, you should check the other states and solutions described in this table. If this does not resolve the problem contact 3Com Technical Support. None There are no known operation failures.
9-10 CHAPTER 9: M ONITORING THE ATM MODULE Frames Received The number of Ethernet frames received by the LEC. Frames Transmitted The number of Ethernet frames transmitted by the LEC. Octets Received The number of Ethernet octets received by the LEC. Octets Transmitted The number of Ethernet octets transmitted by the LEC.
ATM Physical Layer Statistics 9-11 Physical Layer statistics are broken down into the following layers: Figure 9-5 Physical Layer Statistics Current Sample Specifies the number of seconds elapsed within the current sampling period. SONET/SDH counters are accumulated over a period of 15 minutes (900 seconds). At the end of the 15 minute sampling period, the software stores the results of the current sampling period, and resets the values shown on the screen to zero.
9-12 CHAPTER 9: M ONITORING THE ATM MODULE The following statistics are available: Errored Seconds (Near) The number of errored seconds at the ATM Module end of the connection. Errored Seconds (Far) The number of seconds at the ATM Switch end of the connection. Severe Errored Sec (Near) The number of severely errored seconds at the ATM Module end of the connection. Severe Errored Sec (Far) The number of severely errored seconds at the ATM Switch end of the connection.
ATM Physical Layer Statistics 7 If you suspect that the fiber optic cable is not working, replace the cable with a cable known to be working, and check the Link Status LED. 8 Check that the cable has not been accidently plugged into an FDDI connector at one end of the connection. 9 Check that the ATM Module and ATM Switch are using compatible transmit clocking options. 10 Check that the Line Rate settings on the two devices are compatible.
9-14 CHAPTER 9: M ONITORING THE ATM MODULE
A SAFETY INFORMATION You must read the following safety information before carrying out any installation or removal of components, or any maintenance procedures on the Switch. Safety Notices Safety notices are printed throughout this manual. DANGER notices warn you of conditions or procedures that can result in death or severe personal injury. CAUTION notices warn you of conditions or procedures that can cause personal injury that is neither lethal not extremely hazardous.
A-2 APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION Gevarr: Voordat u begint met het installeren van dit produkt, dient u eerst de veiligheidsrichtlijnen te lezen die zijn vermeld in de publikatie Caution: Safety Informtion – Read This First, SD21-0030. In dit boekje vindt u veilige procedures voor het aansluiten van elektrische appratuur. Perigo: Antes de iniciar a instalação deste produto, leia as informações de segurança Cuidado: Informações de Segurança – Leia Primeiro, SD21-0030.
Safety Notices Vigyázat: Mielôtt megkezdi a berendezés üzembe helyezését, olvassa el a Caution: Safety Information – Read This First, SD21-0030 könyvecskében leírt biztonsági információkat. Ez a könyv leírja, milyen biztonsági intézkedéseket kell megtenni az elektromos berendezés huzalozásakor illetve csatlakoztatásakor. Pozor: Preden zaènete z instalacijo tega produkta prebertte poglavje: 'Opozorilo: Informacije o varnem rokovanju - preberi pred uporabo,” SD21-0030.
A-4 APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION ATTENTION Verra: Yksikön saavat asentaa ja irrottaa vain tähän koulutetut henkilöt. Class 1 LED Product LED Klasse 1 Luokan 1 LEDLAITE Appareil a LED de Classe 1 Pericolo: L’installazione e la rimozione dell’unità devono essere eseguite esclusivamente da personale specializzato. Fare: Det er bare kvalifisert personale som kan installere og ta ut enheten. Perigo: A instalação e a remoção da unidade devem ser efectuadas apenas por pessoal qualificado.
Safety Notices A-5 DANGER: This unit operates under SELV conditions (Safety Extra Low Voltage) according to IEC 950, the conditions of which are maintained only if the equipment to which it is connected is also operational under SELV. DANGER: Cette unité marche sous les conditions SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) conformément à IEC 950, ces conditions sont maintenues seulement si le matériel auquel elle est branchée, est aussi en exploitation sous SELV.
A-6 APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION Gervaar: Deze eenheid werkt onder extra lage spanning (SELV, Safety Extra Low Voltage) volgens norm IEC 950. Er wordt uitsluitend aan deze norm voldaan zolang de apparatuur waarmee de eenheid is verbonden, ook werkt onder SELV. Vaara: Tämä yksikkö sisältää kansainvälisen turvastandardin IEC 950 mukaisia SELV (Safety Extra LowVoltage) -suojajännitepiirejä. Yksikkö täyttää standardissa kuvatut ehdot vain, jos laite, johonyksikkö liitetään, käyttää SELV-piirejä.
Safety Notices Это устройство работает по стандарту IEC 950 в условиях Безопасно низкого напряжения (SELV) только при условии, что все оборудование в цепи отвечает стандартам SELV.
A-8 APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION
B SCREEN ACCESS RIGHTS This appendix lists the security access level you must have to be able to access the ATM Module local management screens, and lists the type of action that can be performed for each security level. This appendix only covers screens specifically associated with ATM functionality. Refer to the user guide which accompanies your IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch for additional screen access rights. Table B-1 Access Rights Screen Available to access level...
B-2 APPENDIX B: SCREEN ACCESS RIGHTS
C ATM MODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Environmental Specifications The environmental specifications for the ATM Module are shown in Table C-1. Table C-1 Environmental Specifications ATM Cable Specification In addition to adhering to your local standards, all cables must conform to: The American National Standard ATM Physical Layer Medium Dependent (PMD) standard, ISO.166-1990, American National Standards Institute.
C-2 APPENDIX C: ATM MODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Table C-2 Standard Multi-mode Cable Specifications Table C-3 Alternative Multi-mode Cable Specifications Specification Description Core (Pm) Cladding (Pm) Numerical Aperture Core 62.5µm diameter 50 125 0.20 Cladding 125µm diameter nominal 122µm minimum 128µm maximum 50 125 0.22 85 125 0.28 Numerical aperture 0.275 100 140 0.
ATM Cable Specification To check that the bandwidth of your fiber is within an acceptable range: 1 Divide the amount of bandwidth available according to the fiber specification by the total length of fiber (km). 2 If the result is lower than 250MHz, the link may be prone to bit errors. You should shorten the length of the fiber or use a different fiber until the result of the calculation reaches 250MHz. Example: A cable with modal bandwidth of 500 MHz.km will have 250 MHz of bandwidth at 2km (1.
C-4 APPENDIX C: ATM MODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
D TROUBLESHOOTING How to Use this Guide to Troubleshoot This troubleshooting section describes how to identify the cause of a problem and suggests possible solutions. Troubleshooting has been divided into four sections. ■ Using LEDs LEDs on the Switch and ATM Module provide valuable status information that can be used for troubleshooting. You may find it useful to familiarize yourself with these LEDs before reading the troubleshooting suggestions in the following sections.
D-2 APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING Using LEDs Table D-2 LEDs on the ATM Module Table D-1 describes the LEDs on the Switch, and Table D-2 describes the LEDs on the ATM Module. Table D-1 LEDs on the Switch LED Name Color/State Indicates MGMT (On the front of the Switch) Green Switch and ATM Module are operating normally. Green flashing Switch or ATM Module is either downloading software or initializing, (which includes a Power On Self Test).
Identifying the Problem Identifying the Problem This section describes how to identify problems, and suggests possible solutions. Flow diagrams have been used to summarize the process, and each step shown in the flow diagrams is described in more detail in the text. This section assumes that the following conditions have been met: ■ The ATM Module has been installed correctly, as described in Chapter 6, “Installing and Setting Up the Module”.
D-4 APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING Figure D-1 Troubleshooting Flow Diagram
Identifying the Problem D-5 The numbered steps in this section relate to the numbered steps shown in Figure D-1. Access the Physical Layer Statistics Screen a Select the SWITCH MANAGEMENT option from the Main Menu. The Switch Management screen is displayed. b Ensure that the Port option is selected in the Management Level field. c Ensure that the ATM port number is entered in the Port ID field.
D-6 APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING Check the Physical Connections Access the ATM Port Setup Screen Check that the Link Status and Far End Status LEDs on the ATM Module are ON and lit green. If one or both of the LEDs is not lit, there is a problem with the physical connection.
Identifying the Problem D-7 Is the ATM Port Enabled? Is the Port State field set to Enable? Yes — go to step 7. No — go to step 6. Enable the ATM Port a Set the Port State field to Enable. b Select the OK button. Access the ATM Port Statistics Screen a Select the SWITCH MANAGEMENT option from the Main Menu. The Switch Management screen is displayed. b Ensure that the Port option is selected in the Management Level field. c Ensure that the ATM port number is entered in the Port ID field.
D-8 APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING Access the ATM VLAN LEC Status Screen Is the LEC ATM Address Valid for the Default VLAN? a From the Main Menu select the SWITCH MANAGEMENT option. The Switch Management screen is displayed. b Ensure that the Port option is selected in the Management Level field. c Ensure that the ATM port number is entered in the Port ID field. d Select the STATS button. The ATM Port Statistics screen is displayed. e Select the LEC button to display the ATM VLAN LEC Status screen.
Identifying the Problem D-9 Both Devices Must be AAL5 Compliant The ATM Module is compatible with AAL5 ATM devices. If the ATM Switch connected to the ATM Module does not support AAL5, you will not be able to get the two devices to communicate. Re-configure your network to ensure that the ATM devices are compatible. Is ILMI Turned On? Some devices enable you to turn the Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI) on and off.
D-10 APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING Is the ILMI Connection Set Up Correctly? To communicate with each other, edge-devices must use the same Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI) connection. On the ATM Module the ILMI connection is specified in the ILMI VCC field, as shown in Figure D-6 on page D-9. Consult the user guide that accompanies the ATM Switch to find out where the ILMI connection is specified.
Identifying the Problem Why has the LEC Operation Failed? D-11 Table D-3 LEC Operation at Failure There are two fields on the ATM VLAN LEC Status screen, described in step 9, that can be used to troubleshoot LEC failure problems. The LEC Operation at Failure field identifies the operation that was taking place when the LEC failed to successfully join the Emulated LAN Services. The Last LEC Failure Reason field identifies the probable cause of the problem.
D-12 APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING Table D-4 Last LEC Failure Reason (continued) Table D-4 Last LEC Failure Reason State Possible Causes Possible Solutions State Possible Causes Possible Solutions None The LEC is either inactive or has successfully completed the operation. None required. Invalid Request Parameters The LEC may be requesting a resource that is on an ELAN which has a different LAN type to the LEC. Check the underlying media for both the ELAN and the LEC requesting the service.
Identifying the Problem D-13 Table D-4 Last LEC Failure Reason (continued) Table D-4 Last LEC Failure Reason (continued) State Possible Causes Possible Solutions State Possible Causes Possible Solutions Duplicated ATM Address The LES has received a request from a LEC which contains an ATM address already registered to another LEC on the same ELAN. Ensure that ATM addresses are unique. Check the LES database for duplicate addresses.
D-14 APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING Table D-4 Last LEC Failure Reason (continued) Table D-4 Last LEC Failure Reason (continued) State Possible Causes Possible Solutions Invalid Requestor ID There is a problem with Contact Technical the LEC software. Support. The LEC Identifier (LECID) is not zero, or is not recognized as this LEC’s LECID. Invalid LAN Destination You are trying to register a multicast address with the LES.
Identifying the Problem D-15 Has the Problem been Solved? Are the LECs on the Same Emulated LAN? Yes — No further action is required. No — There may be a configuration problem with your network, see “ELAN Configuration Problems”. Check that the LECs on the ATM devices that wish to communicate are on the same Emulated LAN, and that they are on the same LAN technology. If the LECs are not on the same ELAN and LAN type, they will not be able to communicate (except through the use of a routing protocol).
D-16 APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING An example of the ATM LEC Setup screen is shown in Figure D-8. b Select the VLAN associated with the LEC that you wish to move. c Either enter the ATM address of the LES that the LEC is going to join, or select LECS. d In the ELAN name field, enter the name of the ELAN that the LEC is now to join and select the APPLY button.
Solving Known Problems Solving Known Problems Use this section if you have already pin-pointed the problem, and wish to look up possible solutions.
D-18 APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING Power Supply Problems Table D-5 Power Supply Problems Problem Possible Causes Switch does not power up ■ Insufficient power supply to the Switch ■ If the Switch does not power-up correctly when the ATM Module is installed, you may require a different power supply. Refer to the Release Notes for information about IBM power supplies. ■ System is not receiving power ■ Check that the power supply is plugged into the device and power outlet.
Solving Known Problems Power On Self Test (POST) Failure Table D-6 Power On Self Test (POST) Failure Problem Possible Causes Possible Solutions Switch Fails Power On Self Test (POST) MGMT LED is Yellow ■ The version of software on your Switch is not correct. ■ Upgrade the version of software on the Switch. ■ There is a hardware problem with the Switch. ■ Contact Technical Support.
D-20 APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING Cable Connection Problems Table D-7 Cable Connection Problems Problem Possible Causes Link Status LED indicates that there is a problem with a link. ■ One or both of the ATM ports forming the connection are turned off (disabled). ■ Ensure that both ports are enabled. ■ The cable at either end of the link has become loose or accidentally disconnected. ■ Ensure that the cable is securely connected to the port at both ends of the link.
Solving Known Problems ATM Problems Table D-8 ATM Problems Problem Possible Causes The ATM Connection Table is only showing reserved ATM Connections ■ Symptoms: ■ The VLAN LEC Status screen, described in “ATM VLAN LEC Status” on page 9-5, shows that the LEC is Inactive and there is no network prefix for the LEC ATM address. The ATM Switch connected to the ATM Module is using a different VPI:VCI value for ILMI.
D-22 APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING VLAN or ELAN Problems Table D-9 VLAN or ELAN Problems Problem Possible Causes The configured LECs cannot communicate with each other ■ The devices that need to communicate are not in the same VLAN/ELAN. Possible symptom: The Last LEC Failure Reasons, described in Table D-4 on page D-12, is LE_CONFIGURE or similar error type. Insufficient Resources Possible Solutions ■ Check that the ELAN name has been set up correctly.
Solving Known Problems Table D-9 VLAN or ELAN Problems Intermittent failure of a configured LEC to connect to the LECS or LES ■ Symptom: ■ Insufficient resource error message. ■ LECs fail but seem to automatically recover. ■ The MAX VPI Bits and MAX VCI Bits settings are incompatible between ATM devices. For example, if autoconfiguration is not enabled, and the MAX VPI/VCI Bits have been set up incorrectly. Each ATM device supports a separate and sometimes different pre-set range of VPI/VCI values.
D-24 APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors To prevent dirt and dust from collecting on the fiber optic connectors, avoid touching all surfaces after cleaning the connectors, and keep all unused ports covered. Fiber optic transceivers are sensitive optical devices that need to be handled carefully. If dirt collects on the fiber optic connectors, you may notice the following: ■ The Link Status LED (for the receive fiber) on the ATM Module does not light.
E TECHNICAL SUPPORT This appendix provides contacts for help if you have questions about the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch products or if the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch products are not working correctly. It also explains how to access the IBM electronic sites to obtain the latest versions of microcode and release notes.
E-2 APPENDIX E: TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICE
F NOTICES, TRADEMARKS, References in this publication to IBM products, programs, or services do not imply that IBM intends to make these available in all countries in which IBM operates. Any reference to an IBM product, program, or service is not intended to state or imply that only IBM’s product, program, or service may be used.
F-2 APPENDIX F: NOTICES, TRADEMARKS, AND WARRANTIES Statement of Limited Warranty The warranties provided by IBM in this Statement of Limited Warranty apply only to Machines you originally purchase for your use, and not for resale, from IBM or your reseller. The term "Machine" means an IBM machine, its features, conversions, upgrades, elements, or accessories, or any combination of them. Unless IBM specifies otherwise, the following warranties apply only in the country where you acquire the Machine.
Statement of Limited Warranty IBM or your reseller is unable to repair or replace the Machine, you may return it to your place of purchase and your money will be refunded. If you transfer a Machine to another user, warranty service is available to that user for the remainder of the warranty period. You should give your proof of purchase and this Statement to that user. However, for machines which have a life-time warranty, this warranty is not transferable.
F-4 APPENDIX F: NOTICES, TRADEMARKS, AND WARRANTIES THESE WARRANTIES REPLACE ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THESE WARRANTIES GIVE YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM JURISDICTION TO JURISDICTION.
Electronic Emission Notices Electronic Emission Notices Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
F-6 APPENDIX F: NOTICES, TRADEMARKS, AND WARRANTIES European Union (EU) Statement This product is in conformity with the protection requirements of EU Council Directive 89/336.EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility. IBM cannot accept responsibility for any failure to satisfy the protection requirements resulting from a non-recommended modification of the product, including the fitting of non-IBM option cards.
Electronic Emission Notices Japanese Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement Class B This is a Class B product based on the standard of the Voluntary Control Council for Interference from Information Technology Equipment (VCCI). If this equipment is used near a radio or television receiver in a domestic environment, it may cause radio interference. Install and use the equipment according to the instruction manual.
F-8 APPENDIX F: NOTICES, TRADEMARKS, AND WARRANTIES If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful: How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, Stock No. 004-000-00345-4.
GLOSSARY AAL ATM Forum ATM Adaptation Layer — A set of protocols that translate user higher-layer protocols into ATM cell format. The AAL is divided into the Convergence Sublayer (CS) and the Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR) sublayer. A consortium of organizations representing vendors, manufacturers, carriers, service providers, universities, research groups, consultants and users.
2 G LOSSARY Byte E.164 An Octet or 8 bits of data. An 8-byte address format. In ATM it is typically used in public networks and it is provided by the telecommunication carriers, while 20-byte NSAP (Network Service Access Point) format addresses are used within private networks. Cell Basic ATM transmission unit. It is a 53-byte packet, consisting of a 5-byte header and a 48-byte payload. User traffic is segmented into cells at the source and reassembled at the destination.
GLOSSARY GFC 3 LEC Generic Flow Control — A 4-bit field in the ATM cell header in order to support multiplexing functions. Its default value is ‘0000’, when the GFC protocol is not enforced. The GFC mechanism is intended to support simple flow control in ATM connections. HEC LAN Emulation Client — Typically located in an ATM end-system (for example, an ATM Module or ATM Switch), its task is to maintain address resolution tables and to forward data traffic. It is uniquely associated with an ATM address.
4 G LOSSARY multiplex PVC In this user guide, multiplexing means to take packets from several sources and interleave them into one connection. For example, packets from data, voice, and video sources can be fed down one connection. Permanent Virtual Circuit — A virtual connection established by network management between two points that is permanently available. routing NNI A network management function responsible for forwarding packets from their source to their destination.
GLOSSARY SONET 5 UNI 3.1 Synchronous Optical Network — An ANSI-defined standard for high speed and high quality digital optical transmission. It has been recognized as the North American standard for SDH. A corrected version of UNI 3.0, this specification also includes Service Specific Connection-Oriented Protocol (SSCOP) for error detection and correction. UNI 4.0 SVC This UNI specification refers to signalling issues.
6 G LOSSARY VCI VPI Virtual Channel Identifier — A 16-bit value in the ATM cell header that provides a unique identifier for the virtual channel (VC) that carries that particular cell. Virtual Channel See VC. VLAN Virtual Local Area Network — A group of location and topology independent devices that communicate as if they are on the same physical LAN. VLT Virtual LAN Trunk — A connection which carries traffic for more than one VLAN. A port which is part of a VLT connection may be a member of all VLANs.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) LAN Emulation (LANE) Books Standards “ATM Foundation for Broadband Networks” Author: Uyless Black. Published by: Prentice Hall ISBN: 0-13-297178-X Standards ATM Forum —- Integrated Local Management Interface (ILMI) Specification (Version 3.1 or later). ATM Forum — ATM User-Network Interface Specification (Version 3.1 or later). ATM Forum — LAN Emulation Over ATM (Version 1.0 or later).
2 BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX A Address resolution 2-6, 2-13 ARP Table 8-8 Creating an entry 8-9 Deleting entries 8-10 Entry type 8-9 Locating an entry 8-10 Updating entries 8-10 Asynchronous Transfer Mode 2-8 ATM Address resolution 2-6, 2-13 ATM Layer 2-14 Benefits 1-1 Configuration examples 5-1 Building backbone 5-1 Campus 5-2 Resilient Links 5-4 Configuration rules 4-2 Control connections 4-3 Mode 8-2 Network limitations 4-3 Number of connections per ELAN 4-3 Planning your network 4-1 Resilient Links 5-4 Statistics 9-1 Termino
2 INDEX E electronic emmission notices F-5 Emulated LAN (ELAN) ATM Module 4-3 ELAN name 8-5, 9-6 Manual configuration 8-5 Mapping to VLANs 3-2, 4-2 Resource planning 4-2 Services 4-2 Environmental Specifications C-1 Error detection Header Error Check (HEC) 2-14 Error messages Software upgrade 8-13 Error statistics 9-3 F Far end ATM address 8-9 MAC address 8-9 Fiber Optic Connectors Cleaning D-24 FTP, support site E-1 G Generic Flow Control (GFC) 2-14 Glossary 1 H Hardware version number 8-3 Header Erro
INDEX Port Configuration 8-2 Setup 8-6 Speed 8-7 State 8-7 Statistics 9-3 Power supply 6-3, 6-7 PTI 2-14 R Resilient Links 8-11 Configuration example 5-4 Routing 2-4, D-15 Rules for ATM configuration 4-2 S Safety information 6-1 Screen access rights B-1 SDH 2-15 Configuring 8-3 Statistics 9-10 Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR) 2-8 service, technical E-1 Signalling 2-8, 2-10, 8-2 Software upgrade Error messages 8-13 Status messages 8-14 Software version number 8-4 SONET 2-15 Configuring 8-3 Statistics 9-1
4 INDEX
