History of Revisions October 1993 October 1993 December 1993 June 1994 December 1994 Original Release Revision 01 Revision 02 Revision 03 Revision 04 Ordering Information This manual covers software version 3.0 or greater. To receive additional copies of this publication, order part #560-0101-04, Apollo Handheld GPS Receiver User’s Guide. II Morrow is a trademark of II Morrow Inc. The Apollo logo is a registered trademark of II Morrow Inc.
Important Notice The Apollo handheld GPS receiver is intended for use as a navigation aid. In aviation applications, the receiver should be used to complement certified navigation instruments already installed in the aircraft. This device is not intended for use as a primary or sole source of navigation information in aviation applications. Never fly the aircraft without other available means of navigation.
The use of portable GPS receivers in aircraft falls under FAR 91.21 for Portable Electronic Devices for operations conducted under FAR part 91 Operating Rules Only. It is the responsibility of the aircraft operator to ensure that the device does not interfere with other systems in the aircraft. The GPS system must not be used for primary navigation and can only be used for comparison purposes during flight(s). Official Notifications to the User U.S. This device complies with Part 15 of the F.C.C. Rules.
Germany It is hereby certified that the Model 920 GPS handheld has been suppressed in accordance with the provisions for the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991. The correct operation of some equipment (for example, test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions.
Table of Contents Page Section A - Introduction to Satellite Navigation . A-1 What is GPS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 What Does the GPS Receiver Do?. . . . . . . . . . A-1 How Does GPS Work?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Section B - Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 Switching the GPS Receiver On and Off . . . . . B-1 Switching the Display Backlight On and Off. . B-2 The Function Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zooming In or Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-14 Auto Zoom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-16 Orthographic Navigation Screen . . . . . . . . . . B-17 Other Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-17 Creating Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-18 Entering Present Position as a Waypoint. . B-18 Creating User Waypoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-19 Using the Navigation Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . B-20 Section C - The Waypoint Database. .
Time and Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 Screen and Beeper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-5 Map Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6 Declutter Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-7 Track Point History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-8 Arrival Alerts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-10 Airspace Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-10 CDI Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Entering GPS Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-29 GPS Overlay Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-29 Approach Waypoint Identifiers . . . . . . . . . D-29 Runway Centerline Extensions . . . . . . . . . D-31 Runway Centerline Waypoint Identifiers . D-32 Inserting Approaches Into Routes . . . . . . . D-32 Checking Satellite Signal Strength. . . . . . . . . D-35 Managing Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-36 Airspace Alert Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section H - Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-1 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Notes:
Section A - Introduction to Satellite Navigation The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a What constellation of 24 satellites in six orbit lanes is GPS? 10,898nm above the earth. Each satellite orbits the earth twice in 24 hours. The Apollo handheld GPS receiver is a portable position sensor and computer which receives signals from the GPS satellites to provide highly accurate position information.
A 2 Depending on the relative position of the satellites to one another, their elevation above the horizon, and other factors, the accuracy of the position fix can change. Under ideal conditions, the position can be accurate to within 10 meters. In general, a GPS receiver position fix is accurate to within 100 meters. GPS altitude is based on a mathematical model of the sphere of the earth.
Section B - Getting Started This section explains how to get started using the Apollo handheld GPS receiver. Information in this section explains how to: n n n n n n B 1 understand the keys on the keypad enter a destination waypoint navigate to a destination save your present position in memory create user waypoints use the navigation simulator The Apollo handheld GPS receiver is easy to use. Install the batteries included or connect the receiver to an external power source.
Switching the Display Backlight On and Off The Apollo handheld GPS receiver is equipped with a display backlight, allowing you to view the display in low light conditions. Press the MENU/ PWR key to access the main menu. A symbol in the upper right of the screen indicates battery capacity. B 2 Press the MENU/ PWR key several times to switch the display backlight from off to low intensity, then high intensity, then off.
The NEW WPT Key Use the NEW WPT key to create a new waypoint at anytime. The created waypoint can be the present position or enter latitude and longitude coordinates to create a “customized” user waypoint. The INFO Key Use the INFO key to view information about any waypoint in memory, whether user created or from the included database. The GOTO/NRST Key Use the GOTO/NRST key to assign a destination waypoint, either user created or from the included database.
The ARROW Keys B 4 Use the ARROW keys to move around the display, select menu items, and make changes. The ENTER Key Use the ENTER key to “tell” the receiver to accept a selection from any menu or to acknowledge messages on the display. Calling the Navigation Screens You can quickly call the navigation screens to view navigation progress anytime. This can be helpful if you accidentally select an option from a menu, or if you decide to abandon making changes.
When selecting options from menus or acknowledging messages, the Apollo handheld GPS receiver shows you what to do. Helpful instructions typically appear on the top and bottom lines of the display. A highlighted, or darkened word in an instruction advises you of which key to press to select an option. An up/down or left/ right arrow symbol may appear at the lower right corner of the display to advise you that additional options are available by using the ARROW keys.
Entering a Seed Position B 6 The first time the Apollo handheld GPS receiver is switched on, it must locate satellites in the sky from which to acquire signals before determining a position fix. This is a slow process, involving complex, lengthy mathematical operations and can take 30 minutes or more to complete. To enable the receiver to quickly locate and track available satellites, you must enter a seed position and the current time. Press the MENU/ PWR key to access the main menu.
It is not necessary to enter minutes or hundredths of a minute values. Set the date. Use the ARROW keys to select and set the current month, day and year. Set the time. Use the ARROW keys to select and set local time. Set the difference between local time and UTC time. Deduct one hour UTC differential for daylight saving time. For example, if UTC time is noon and it is 7:00 A.M. the same day in your time zone, the UTC time differential would be +05.00.
Entering a Destination Waypoint B 8 Press the GOTO/ NRST key to select a destination waypoint. The destination waypoint screen shows on the display. Use the ARROW keys to select and change each character of the destination waypoint identifier. You can also select and change the type of destination waypoint: airport, NDB, VOR, INT, or user created. To view information about any waypoint, press the INFO key. Section C contains important details about available waypoint information.
When the desired waypoint shows on the display, press the ENTER key to set the waypoint as the destination. To search for the nearest waypoints to your present position, press the GOTO/ NRST key twice. A list of the nearest 30 waypoints with their bearings and distances from your present position shows on the display. Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to select a waypoint in the list as a destination. View information about any waypoint by pressing the INFO key.
When the desired waypoint is selected, press the ENTER key to set the waypoint as the destination. B 10 Navigating to a Destination Once a destination waypoint is entered, view your navigation progress using the navigation screens. These screens contain all the information you need to navigate to a destination. The Navigation Screens The navigation screens show on the display whenever you finish using one of the function keys (MENU/PWR, NEW WPT, INFO, or GOTO/NRST).
Numeric Navigation Screens The numeric navigation screens contain precise navigation information in number form. This is a numeric navigation screen.
B 12 This numeric screen is similar to the previous screen with the following exceptions: n n n desired track (DTK) replaces ground speed estimated time of arrival (ETA) replaces range UTC (or LOC if local time offset is entered), in 24 hour format, replaces estimated time en route. This numeric screen shows still more information.
Moving Map Screens One of the most attractive features of the Apollo handheld GPS receiver is its ability to show moving map navigation screens. The moving map screens graphically show your navigation progress against a map of nearest waypoints. You can select from several different moving map screens. This moving map screen with navigation data is actually two screens in one.
This moving map screen shows the navigation data in each corner. B 14 This screen includes: n n n n the destination waypoint (upper left corner) bearing to the destination waypoint (upper right corner) distance to the destination waypoint (lower right corner) map zoom scale (lower left corner) Zooming In or Out You can zoom in or out to enhance the view of navigation progress on any moving map screen. Zooming in or out changes the map scale shown in the lower left corner of the screen.
Here are some examples of how zooming works: This screen shows a 20 nautical mile scale selection. A distance of 20 nautical miles exists from the airplane icon (near waypoint SLE) to the top of the screen. Selecting a smaller map scale reveals additional detail, such as runways. This can be helpful when approaching the destination waypoint.
Auto Zoom B 16 The auto zoom feature changes the moving map scale automatically. While navigating, auto zoom adjusts the map scale to zoom in closer and closer as you approach the destination waypoint. When traveling away from a waypoint, auto zoom adjusts the map scale to zoom out as the distance from the waypoint increases. Use the LEFT or RIGHT ARROW keys to select auto zoom. The screen shows “Auto” for the map scale, meaning auto zoom is selected.
When the Apollo handheld GPS receiver is set Orthographic for use in marine applications, the Navigation orthographic navigation screen is available. Screen This screen shows the destination waypoint ahead and clearly indicates course deviation left or right. B 17 The same navigation information available in the moving map screens shows in the box at the right side of the screen.
Creating Waypoints B 18 In addition to the included database of waypoints, the Apollo handheld GPS receiver allows you to create and store up to 2,000 of your own waypoints. You can use your present position as a waypoint, or create waypoints based upon latitude and longitude coordinates. Entering Present Position as a Waypoint Press the NEW WPT key. Then, press the ENTER key. The position is entered as waypoint #0001. Up to 1,999 more waypoints can be created this way while navigating.
Creating User Waypoints Press the NEW WPT key. The waypoint creating screen shows on the display. Use the ARROW keys to select and change the waypoint identifier and/or position. Press the ENTER key to save the waypoint information.
Using the Navigation Simulator B 20 Once you have become comfortable with basic operation of the receiver, you may wish to use the built in navigation simulator to practice navigating without actually traveling. As you practice, you may wish to refer to Section D which contains information about additional features of the Apollo handheld GPS receiver. Try these features as you use the simulator to become familiar with them. In this way, you will gain maximum benefit from this powerful navigation device.
Use the LEFT or RIGHT ARROW keys to select “Simulator.” Then press the ENTER key. You can select the speed of simulated travel from 0 to 900 units. All receiver options are available while using the simulator. When you finish using the simulator, change the operation mode to a different setting to use the receiver for actual navigation. Or, simply switch the receiver off. The previously used non-simulator mode will be active when you next switch the receiver on.
Section D contains information about other available operation modes.
Section C - The Waypoint Database To aid the navigator, extensive databases of information are available for the Apollo handheld GPS receiver. n Aviation databases provide waypoint information for airports (ARPT), non-directional beacons (NDB), very high frequency omnirange (VOR), GPS overlay approaches, and enroute and terminal intersections (INT). n The city database (CITY) provides waypoint information for cities and townships.
Available Waypoint Information The following information is available for each waypoint category.
NDB Waypoint Information n n n n n n n geographic location operating frequency distance from present position bearing from present position latitude/longitude coordinates DME available class (high/low/terminal) INT Waypoint Information n n n n country distance from present position bearing from present position latitude/longitude coordinates CITY Waypoint Information n n n n n geographic location population distance from present position bearing from present position latitude/longitude coordinates USE
Viewing Waypoint Information Waypoint information is always available when you press the INFO key. Unless you choose differently, information shows for the current destination waypoint. However, you can easily view information for other waypoints. Follow these examples. “GOTO” Waypoint Information C 4 You can view information about a waypoint before selecting it as a destination. Press the GOTO/ NRST key. Then, use the ARROW keys to select the waypoint identifier and category.
Nearest Waypoint Information You can view information about the nearest waypoints. Press the GOTO/ NRST key twice to search for the nearest waypoints. Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to select a waypoint. Press the INFO key to view waypoint information. It is not necessary to enter the waypoint as a destination to view information.
Scanning Waypoints for Information While navigating using the moving map screens, you can easily scan nearby waypoints for information. Press the ENTER key repeatedly to select any waypoint on the screen. C 6 The selected waypoint identifier shows as highlighted, or darkened. Press the INFO key to view information about the selected waypoint. Section D contains information on how to set up the moving map screens and nearest waypoint search list to your preference.
Section D - Advanced Features This section explains how to use advanced features of the Apollo handheld GPS receiver to enable you to gain maximum benefit of its powerful capabilities.
Navigation is not interrupted while accessing menu options. Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to select menu options. The arrow marker shows the currently selected option.
Return to Nav The "Return to Nav" option is automatically selected when the main menu is called, allowing you to conveniently return to the navigation screen previously in use. Select this option when you finish using the main menu, or anytime you wish to return to the navigation screen in use before the main menu was called. D 3 Operation Mode Select your intended type of use for the receiver with this option. Position accuracy is optimized for each operating mode.
WGS 1984 is the most recent datum and should normally be used unless you plan to navigate with a chart that was created using an older datum. In this case, you may wish to select the datum used to create the chart. Change Settings D 4 The simulator mode allows you to practice navigating without actually traveling. All options are available in simulator mode. You can select the speed of simulated travel from 0 to 900 units.
Time information is lost in about 10 minutes if power is removed from the receiver. Replace weak batteries promptly or connect the receiver to external power to avoid losing and having to re-enter this information. Screen and Beeper This option controls operation of the built-in beeper and display backlight, and allows you to adjust display contrast.
The backlight requires extra power to operate. To extend battery life, keep the display backlight off or use the “lo” setting. D 6 The contrast setting changes the contrast of the display. Use the left and right arrow keys to adjust the contrast. The best setting is determined by available light conditions and the visual angle at which you view the display when you use the receiver. (You may also change the contrast by pressing the MENU/PWR key and the right or left arrow. See the inside front cover.
This example shows a moving map screen with the route path and airspaces selected to show. Zoomed in on the moving map, the route function clearly shows course deviation. Personal preference dictates how to use these options to their best advantage. Declutter Maps This option controls which waypoints show on the moving map navigation screens. A type of waypoint set to “On” will show on the moving map screens. Other waypoints will not show.
Change Settings Whether or not the identifiers show, you can scan waypoints on the moving map screens for information as Section C describes. D 8 This option also controls which types of waypoints appear in the list after a search for nearest waypoints. These settings are important! Only the types of waypoints you choose will show in the nearest waypoint list. Track Point History This option allows you to store a record of navigation progress.
Change Settings When track history is “on,” points are stored in memory. Your track history is displayed on the moving map screens as a series of dots indicating the stored point. You can select the track point storage strategy. Select “forever” to continuously store points, starting over when memory becomes full, or select “Until Full” and stop storing points when memory becomes full. You can also control the storage interval for track points.
The screen shows you how much memory space is used for track point storage. If you wish to empty the memory of track points, select “clear?” and choose “yes.” Arrival Alerts This option controls whether or not and when the receiver should alert you of arrival at a destination waypoint. D 10 If you choose arrival alert messages, the beeper will sound and a message will show on the display advising you of arrival at a destination waypoint.
Change Settings If you choose airspace alerts, you can select: n n n n whether or not alert messages are issued the type of message - Class B and C, Special Use (Restricted, Danger), or All the radius distance from the airspace border at which to be alerted the travel time (based upon current track and speed) from the airspace border at which to be alerted Special Note: The type of message selected here also controls the type of airspaces displayed on the map screens and on the message page.
of an airspace you are flying over is 4,000 feet, an airspace message (if selected) occurs when the GPS altitude is at or below 5,000 feet. CDI Scale This option controls operation of the course deviation alert and allows you to set the CDI scale units to your preference. D 12 You can select the CDI scale maximum course deviation left or right.
Parallel Track With this option, you can set a parallel track course to a destination. Useful in aviation applications where busy air corridors may dictate a parallel track, this option sets the receiver to navigate a course with a selectable course deviation distance left or right. You can select whether or not the receiver will alert you with the beeper and a message on the display indicating that this option is in use and reminding you of the course deviation.
Magnetic Variation This option allows you to override automatic magnetic variation and manually enter a variation value. This is normally not required for navigation anywhere in the world except near the poles, where magnetic variation is the greatest. D 14 If manual entry of magnetic variation is necessary, obtain the correct value from a reliable chart or other source. Select “Manual” and enter the variation value east or west. To disable magnetic variation, select “True.
Countdown Time The Apollo handheld GPS receiver includes a countdown timer. Use this option to enter a time of up to 60 minutes. After starting the timer, the receiver will sound the beeper and show a message on the display when the entered time has elapsed. D 15 Display Units This option allows you to change the way navigation units of measure show on the display.
n n n distance: nm/kts; sm/mph; km/kph altitude: feet; meters LAT/LON: d-m.mmm; d-m-S. (where d=degrees, m=minutes, and s=seconds of latitude or longitude) Serial Outputs D 16 The Apollo handheld GPS receiver is equipped with a serial data port for communication with external serial devices. This option controls the outbound data function of the port.
If the device has a serial port with a different connector, you need to purchase the correct connector and attach it to the cable. See “Making External Connections” at the back of this section for information on properly connecting the serial cable. Use this option to select: n n n n "None" - disable the serial port “NMEA 0183 v1.50" - output NMEA sentences GPBWC, GPGLL, GPRMB, GPRMC, GPR00, GPWPL, GPXTE “NMEA 0183 v2.
Battery Check This option provides a graphic indication of battery condition on a scale from “Low” to “Full.” The combined voltage of the six AA batteries is indicated at the bottom center of the screen. Also, a small battery symbol is shown at the top of the main menu indicating the battery capacity. D 18 For satisfactory receiver operation, battery voltage should be between 6 and 9 volts. You will receive a warning message on the display if battery voltage falls below 6 volts.
User Waypoint Management This option allows you to manage the database of user waypoints. You can edit or delete waypoints as your area of travel or other requirements change. It is important to manage user waypoints wisely. With the capacity to store up to 2,000 user waypoints in memory, the Apollo handheld GPS receiver can retain an immense amount of information. When you edit, use intuitive identifiers for waypoints you have created.
Edit the waypoint information as required. Press the ENTER key to save the waypoint information. Select “Del” to delete a waypoint from memory. Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to select the waypoint to delete. D 20 Press the ENTER key to delete the waypoint. When you have finished using this option, select “Quit.” Press the ENTER key to return to the main menu.
System Information This option shows the current operating software version number and indicates the waypoint database region, date, and version number. No settings can be changed. The Apollo handheld GPS receiver has the Setting Up ability to store up to 20 reversible trip plans or Multiple “routes” in memory. Each route can consist of Leg Trips D 21 up to 30 waypoints, either user created or from the built in database. After routes are created, any route can be called from memory for navigation.
The route screen shows the status and up to the first four waypoints of each route, as well as the desired track and distance between consecutive waypoints. With “NXT RTE” highlighted, use the ENTER key to view each route. Routes not in use are “Off.” Creating a Route Select “Edit” from the route menu to begin creating route 01. Then, select “Ins” to insert waypoints into the route. D 22 Insert waypoints along the route as you plan the trip.
As you add waypoints, the route screen shows the bearing to each waypoint and the distance between them. When you finish inserting waypoints into the route, select “Done” and press the ENTER key to save the route in memory. Changing a Route Waypoint You may change any waypoint along a route. Select the route to change from the route menu. Then, select “Edit” as if creating a route. Select a waypoint to change. When the marker arrow points to the desired waypoint, select “CHG” to change it.
Adding a Route Waypoint You may add waypoints to any route. Add waypoints to a route by inserting them into the route. Select the route from the route menu into which you wish to insert waypoints. Then, select “Edit” as if creating a route. D 24 Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to move the marker arrow to the waypoint before which the inserted waypoint should be placed. Select “Ins” to insert the waypoint into the route.
Deleting Route Waypoints To delete waypoints from a route, select the route from the route menu from which you wish to delete waypoints. Then, select “Edit” as if creating a route. Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to move the marker arrow to the waypoint you wish to delete. Select “Del” to delete the waypoint from the route. When desired waypoints are deleted from the route, select “Done” and press the ENTER key to remove the deleted route waypoints from memory.
Starting a Route When you are ready to navigate a route, it must be started. Only one route may be started at any time. Select the route you wish to start from the route menu. Select “Start” to start the route. D 26 You may choose to navigate the route in either direction. Select “Normal” to navigate the route the way it was created, or select “Reverse” to navigate the route from the destination waypoint to the point of origin.
“Holding” a route leaves the route active, but stops destination waypoint updating. Stop or hold the active route by selecting it from the route menu. Press and hold the ENTER key to quickly select the active route. Select “Stop” to stop or hold the route. D 27 Select whether to “Stop” or “Hold” the route. Resuming a Route Select “Resume” to resume a route on hold.
Route “Direct To” During navigation of a route, you may wish to bypass one or more waypoints and proceed directly to a destination waypoint. The route “Direct To” option allows you to do this. Select the active route from the route menu. Then, select “Edit” as if creating a route. D 28 Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to move the marker arrow to the waypoint to which you wish to navigate. Then, press the GOTO/NRST key to enter the waypoint as the destination.
GPS Approaches and Extended Runway Entering Centerlines are available with software GPS version 3.0 or greater. This feature allows Approaches pilots to select an approach and automatically insert approach waypoints into the route. GPS Overlay Approaches Software version 3.0 or greater includes all published GPS overlay approaches in the U.S. and Canada.
course to the way point is used (e.g., FF323). These are also the same identifiers that appear on approach charts modified for GPS overlay approach use. Each GPS overlay approach consists of two or more waypoints. These waypoints are: n n D 30 n n CF*** - final approach course fix (e.g., CF17 or CF02L; about half of the approaches have this waypoint) FF*** - final approach fix (e.g., FF22 or FF183; this waypoint is always in the approach) MA*** - missed approach point not at a runway end (e.g.
NOT included in the overlay approaches are: n initial approach fixes (may be inserted manually) n procedure turns or holding points n altitude step down fixes n missed approach holding point (may be inserted manually) Runway Centerline Extensions The Apollo handheld GPS receiver includes an automatic procedure to insert the runway end point and a point four nautical miles out on the runway centerline extension into any route.
Runway Centerline Waypoint Identifiers Each runway centerline extension consists of two waypoints. These waypoints are: n n D 32 EX*** - extended runway centerline waypoint four miles from the runway end (e.g., EX04 or EX21L) RW*** - missed approach point at a runway end (e.g., RW23L or RW 02) A RW*** waypoint may appear in either a published GPS overlay approach or a runway centerline extension.
Press the RIGHT ARROW key to highlight EDIT, then press ENTER. The destination airport must be the last waypoint in the route. Press the DOWN ARROW key until the arrow cursor is at the blank line past the airport. Press the RIGHT ARROW key to highlight APPROACH, then press ENTER. Press the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to select the approach. The waypoints to be inserted are displayed at the bottom. For runway centerline extensions, the approach identifier is EXT (e.g. EXT RWY 16).
Press ENTER to insert the waypoints. The destination airport is deleted and the approach waypoints take its place. Now you can delete any unwanted waypoints, or add waypoints such as an Initial Approach Fix. D 34 With DONE highlighted, press ENTER and then you can start the route. If you want to see routelines on the map, make sure the Route Path is turned on in the Map Setups under the Main Menu.
The satellite signal strength screen shows information about signals being received from the GPS satellites.
The screen also shows that the signal from satellite 6 is the weakest received. The satellite is currently located at an elevation of 41° from a horizon azimuth of 341° and is being tracked by the receiver. Use the LEFT or RIGHT ARROW keys to check signal strengths from other received satellites. Important: When signals from fewer than four satellites are being received, a 3D position fix is not possible. GPS altitude cannot be accurately calculated by the receiver.
Airspace Alert Message The airspace alert message shows on the display when you approach or penetrate an airspace. To disable airspace alert messages, use the Airspace Alert option in the Main Menu. Arrival Alert Message The arrival alert message shows on the display when you are within the arrival radius of the destination waypoint. To disable arrival alert messages, use the Arrival Alert option in the Main Menu.
Low Battery Alert Message The low battery alert message shows on the display when battery voltage falls below 6 volts. The low battery alert message cannot be disabled. D 38 No Position Alert Message The no position alert message shows on the display if the position fix is lost or cannot be calculated for any reason. The no position alert message cannot be disabled.
Parallel Track Alert Message The parallel track alert message shows on the display to remind you that the parallel track option is enabled. To disable the parallel track alert message, use the Parallel Track option in the Main Menu. Course Deviation Alert Message The course deviation alert message shows on the display when you exceed the deviation distance on the CDI scale. To disable the course deviation alert message, use the CDI Scale option in the Main Menu.
Current Messages D 40 External Electrical Connections The current messages screen shows alert messages that remain valid after being acknowledged. You can review these messages from any navigation screen by pressing the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to display the current messages screen. To view all messages, press the ENTER key. The current messages screen also shows the nearest airspaces (up to five) as you press the ENTER key. These airspaces are not shown in any particular order.
External Power Serial Data Connection Port External GPS Antenna Back of Case To connect the unit to an external power source, plug the included power cable into the connector labeled “Power.” Connect the cable to a 6VDC to 32VDC power source. Note that the unit will use external power if the voltage from the external source is higher than the internal battery voltage.
To connect the unit to an external serial device, use the optional serial data cable. Make connections as shown.
Section E - Differential GPS Operation Differential GPS, or DGPS, is a method by What is which the inherent degree of error in a GPS Differential position fix may be greatly reduced. DGPS is GPS? used in marine applications only. Developed largely by the United States Coast Guard and scheduled for completion in 1996, DGPS helps to overcome intentional position fix inaccuracies introduced by Selective Availability.
Using Differential GPS In order to use DGPS, you must purchase a marine DGPS receiver capable of transmitting RTCM-104 differential GPS data at 9600 bits per second. The data should conform to RS-232 specifications. Use the optional serial data cable connected to the serial data port on the back of the Apollo handheld GPS receiver for the purpose of transferring this information. Make connections as Section D describes. Follow instructions provided with the DGPS receiver.
Section F - Care of the GPS Receiver Very little effort is required to care for the Apollo handheld GPS receiver. Its rugged construction and quality design will yield years of trouble-free use. Treat the receiver as you would any piece of electronic equipment. Avoid exposing the receiver to temperature extremes. High temperatures can damage internal components. Do not store or operate the receiver in below freezing temperatures.
Battery Compartment 1 2 3 4 5 6 For the best service life, use nickel cadmium rechargeable or alkaline batteries in the receiver. Cleaning the GPS Receiver F 2 Use a soft cloth and a mild soap solution to clean the case exterior if it should become soiled. Dry with a soft cloth. Avoid use of harsh solvents or abrasive cleaners. Also avoid excessive pressure when cleaning the display.
Section G - Glossary of Terms Used in this Guide ALT (GPS Altitude): Altitude, as calculated by the GPS receiver, based upon a mathematical model of the earth’s surface curvature. A substantial difference between this altitude value and altitude referenced to sea level may exist. ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information Service): Recorded information about weather and other conditions at an airport, periodically updated when conditions change.
Course: The planned direction of travel in a horizontal plane. Course Deviation: A measurement of distance left or right from the desired course of travel. CDI (Course Deviation Indicator): A graphic indicator of course deviation typically shown as a graduated horizontal bar with an icon indicating the deviation distance left or right of course.
DTK (Desired Track): The desired course of navigation between a point of origin and a destination waypoint. Elevation: The altitude above ground. Fix: A geographical location determined by either visual reference or by electronic navigation aids. GPS (Global Positioning System): Also known as NAVSTAR. A constellation of satellites launched by the U.S. Department of Defense into six orbit lanes (four satellites per plane) at an altitude of 10,898nm above the earth.
vehicle, a human stick figure, or an “X” depending on the selected operation mode. Identifier: A name, typically abbreviated, assigned to a waypoint. The identifier may consist of numbers and alpha characters, up to six in length. For example, the airport identifier for Los Angeles International Airport is LAX. IFR: Instrument Flight Rules INT (Intersection): A point defined by any combination of courses, radials, or bearings of two or more navigational aids.
concentrate. A magnetic compass points to the magnetic north. Mag Var (Magnetic Variation): The angle between the magnetic and true north. It differs at various points on the earth due to local magnetic disturbances. It is shown on charts as isogonic lines marked with degrees of variation, either east or west, degrees which must be added to or subtracted from the true course to get the magnetic course. Easterly variations are deducted, and westerly variations are added.
NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association): The group responsible for defining and maintaining serial data format standards for marine electronic navigation devices. PDOP (Position Dilution of Precision): A merit value for the calculated position based on the geometrical configuration of the satellites used; 3 is considered good, greater than 7 is considered poor.
Seed Position: A latitude and longitude position fix approximately equal to the present position which the GPS receiver uses to determine the location of available satellites from which signals may be received. Statute Mile: A distance measurement equal to 5,280 feet or 0.87 of a nautical mile. TCA: Terminal Control Area Three-dimensional (3D) Position Fix : A position fix defined by latitude, longitude, and altitude. (TRK) Track: The imaginary line which the flight path of an airplane makes over the earth.
UTC (Universal Coordinated Time): Greenwich Mean Time, or the time at the Prime Meridian in Greenwich, England. Also referred to as Zulu time. UTC Differential: The difference in time between that at the present position and UTC. VOR (Very High Frequency Omnirange): A navigational aid which transmits signals such that a receiver can indicate its current radial or bearing from the transmitter. Waypoint: A navigational fix used in area navigation and defined by latitude and longitude coordinates.
Index A Airspace, showing on display D-6 Airspaces, nearest D-40 Alert messages D-36 Alert, acknowledgement of D-36 Alert, airspace D-37 Alert, arrival D-37 Alert, countdown time expired D-15 Alert, countdown timer expiration D-36 Alert, course deviation D-36, D-39 Alert, low battery D-36, D-38 Alert, parallel track D-13, D-36, D-39 Alert, position loss D-36, D-38 Alerts, airspace D-2, D-10, D-36 Alerts, arrival D-2, D-10, D-36 Altitude B-12 Altitude, GPS A-2, D-36 Antenna, external connection D-40 Approach
B Backlight settings D-5 Batteries, recommended types F-2 Batteries, replacing D-5, F-1 Battery check D-2, D-18 Battery level B-2 Beeper, message D-5, D-36 BRG B-11 C Care, GPS receiver F-1 CDI scale D-2, D-12 CDI scale, center reference D-13 CITY waypoint C-3 Cleaning the receiver F-2 Contrast, display D-5 - D-6 Countdown timer D-1 - D-2 Countdown timer, setting the D-15 Course deviation B-11, B-13, D-12 Course deviation, excess of CDI scale Current messages B-17, D-40 Current messages, reviewing D-40 H 2
D Database B-3, B-18, C-1, D-19, D-21 Database categories C-2, C-4 Date, setting the B-7 Datum, map D-3 - D-4 Declutter maps D-2, D-7 Desired track B-12 Destination waypoint C-4 Destination waypoint, bearing to B-11, B-13 Destination waypoint, distance to B-11, B-13, B-15 - B-16 Destination waypoint, entering a B-8 Differential GPS operation E-1 Display backlight B-2, D-5 Display units D-2, D-15 Display, cleaning the F-2 DTK B-12 E Edit waypoints D-19 Electrical connections, external D-40 Estimated time enr
F Function keys B-10 G Glossary of terms G-A GOTO waypoint C-4 GPS A-1 GPS altitude A-2 GPS approaches D-29 GPS overlay approach D-29 Ground speed B-11, B-13 GS B-11 I Icon B-15 Identifier, waypoint B-8, C-6, D-7, D-19 INFO B-3, B-8 - B-9, C-4 - C-6 Information, loss if batteries removed D-5 Information, system D-2, D-21 INT waypoint C-3 L H 4 LOC B-12
M Magnetic variation D-2, D-14 Magnetic variation, manual setting D-14 Main menu B-2, B-4, B-6, D-1 Main menu options B-5, D-2 Main menu, calling the D-1 Maintenance, GPS receiver F-1 - F-2 Map setups D-2, D-6 Message acknowledgement D-40 Messages B-4 - B-5, B-17 Messages, managing D-1, D-36 Moving map navigation screen B-16 Moving map navigation screens B-10, B-13, C-6, D-1, D-6 Moving map navigation screens, zoom in or out B-14 - B-15, D-7 Moving map screen orientation D-6 Multiple leg trips D-21 See also
O Operation mode D-2 - D-4 Operation mode, applications A-2, B-17, B-20, B-22 Orthographic navigation screen B-10, B-17 P Parallel track D-2, D-13 Position, accuracy A-2 Power source, external B-1, D-40 Present position B-1, B-3, B-9, B-12, B-18 R H 6 Return to Nav B-4, D-2 - D-3 RNG B-11 Route path D-6 Route screen B-17, D-21 - D-22, D-28 Route setup D-21 - D-22 Route status, viewing D-22, D-26 Route waypoint, changing D-23 Route, adding waypoints to D-24 Route, changing a D-23 Route, creating D-22 Route
Route, starting a D-26 Route, stopping or holding D-26 Route, stopping or holding a D-27 Routes, inserting approaches D-32 Runway centerline extensions D-31 Runway centerline waypoints D-32 S Scale, moving map B-15 - B-16 Scanning for waypoint information C-6, D-8 Screen and beeper D-2, D-5 Search list C-6, D-8 Searching for nearest waypoints B-9, C-5, D-8 Seed position B-6, D-4 Selective Availability A-2, E-1 Serial output port D-40 Serial output, configure D-17 Serial outputs D-2, D-16 Serial outputs, cab
T Time and place B-6 - B-7, D-2, D-4 Time, current B-6 Time, local and UTC difference B-7 Time, setting the B-7 Time, UTC D-4 TK B-13 Track B-13 Track point history D-2, D-8 Track points, empty storage D-10 Track points, storing D-9 Track, desired B-12 Track, parallel D-2 TRK B-11 U USER waypoint UTC B-12 C-3, D-19 V VOR approach D-29 VOR waypoint C-2 H 8
W Waypoint B-18 Waypoint identifiers, approach D-29 Waypoint identifiers, runway centerline D-32 Waypoint information B-3, B-8 - B-9, C-2, C-4 - C-5 Waypoint management D-2, D-19 Waypoint, delete D-20 Waypoint, destination B-1, B-3, B-8 - B-11, B-13, B-15 - B-16, C-4 - C-5, D-10, D-28 Waypoint, edit D-19 Waypoint, nearest B-3, B-9, C-5 Waypoint, new B-3, B-19, D-19 Waypoint, route D-21, D-24 Waypoint, search D-8 Waypoint, search for nearest B-9 Waypoint, user B-1, B-3, B-8, B-18, D-1, D-19 WGS 1984 D-4 Z Zo
Apollo Handheld GPS Receiver Specifications n n n n n n Display: 64 X 128 pixel backlighted LCD Size: 3.7" wide X 7.8" high X 2.0" deep Weight: 1.45 lbs.
