Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developers Manual Volume 3A, System Programming Guide, Part 1

8-2 Vol. 3A
ADVANCED PROGRAMMABLE INTERRUPT CONTROLLER (APIC)
Local APICs can receive interrupts from the following sources:
• Locally connected I/O devices — These interrupts originate as an edge or
level asserted by an I/O device that is connected directly to the processor’s local
interrupt pins (LINT0 and LINT1). The I/O devices may also be connected to an
8259-type interrupt controller that is in turn connected to the processor through
one of the local interrupt pins.
• Externally connected I/O devices — These interrupts originate as an edge or
level asserted by an I/O device that is connected to the interrupt input pins of an
I/O APIC. Interrupts are sent as I/O interrupt messages from the I/O APIC to one
or more of the processors in the system.
• Inter-processor interrupts (IPIs) — An Intel 64 or IA-32 processor can use
the IPI mechanism to interrupt another processor or group of processors on the
system bus. IPIs are used for software self-interrupts, interrupt forwarding, or
preemptive scheduling.
• APIC timer generated interrupts — The local APIC timer can be programmed
to send a local interrupt to its associated processor when a programmed count is
reached (see Section 8.5.4, “APIC Timer”).
• Performance monitoring counter interrupts — P6 family, Pentium 4, and
Intel Xeon processors provide the ability to send an interrupt to its associated
processor when a performance-monitoring counter overflows (see Section
18.15.6.8, “Generating an Interrupt on Overflow”).
• Thermal Sensor interrupts — Pentium 4 and Intel Xeon processors provide the
ability to send an interrupt to themselves when the internal thermal sensor has
been tripped (see Section 13.4.2, “Thermal Monitor”).
• APIC internal error interrupts — When an error condition is recognized within
the local APIC (such as an attempt to access an unimplemented register), the
APIC can be programmed to send an interrupt to its associated processor (see
Section 8.5.3, “Error Handling”).
Of these interrupt sources: the processor’s LINT0 and LINT1 pins, the APIC timer,
the performance-monitoring counters, the thermal sensor, and the internal APIC
error detector are referred to as local interrupt sources. Upon receiving a signal
from a local interrupt source, the local APIC delivers the interrupt to the processor
core using an interrupt delivery protocol that has been set up through a group of
APIC registers called the local vector table or LVT (see Section 8.5.1, “Local Vector
Table”). A separate entry is provided in the local vector table for each local interrupt
source, which allows a specific interrupt delivery protocol to be set up for each
source. For example, if the LINT1 pin is going to be used as an NMI pin, the LINT1
entry in the local vector table can be set up to deliver an interrupt with vector
number 2 (NMI interrupt) to the processor core.
The local APIC handles interrupts from the other two interrupt sources (externally
connected I/O devices and IPIs) through its IPI message handling facilities.
A processor can generate IPIs by programming the interrupt command register (ICR)
in its local APIC (see Section 8.6.1, “Interrupt Command Register (ICR)”). The act of