Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide
Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director v.3.1.
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Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1 What is an Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Director? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Two Versions of the 7190 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Who Should Use This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 User Guide Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Chapter 3 CLI Configuration 17 Custom/Manual Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Adding Secondary 7190(s). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Commit the Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 NSLookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Chapter 7 SNMP Support 133 Standards Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Intel® MIB Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Supported MIBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Where to find MIB Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Appendix D Terms and Conditions and Software License 169 Glossary 177 Support Services 181 Index 185 iv
Introduction What is an Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Director? The Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director is a global site balancer. It gathers your geographically dispersed data sites into multiple “virtual servers,” thus giving you multifaceted, centralized control over widely distributed resources.
CHAPTER 1 Intel® NetStructure™ 7195 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Scalability The 7190 can work cooperatively with up to fifteen other 7190s in deployment across sites. A site may be managed by any Intel® NetStructure™ e-Commerce Traffic Director or Intel® NetStructure™ Commerce Director, which can in turn intelligently manage server farms, and return server performance data to the 7190. The 7190 also supports sites that do not have an Intel® load balancers.
CHAPTER 1 User Guide Summary • CLI Configuration Instructions on how to use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to manually configure additional sites, agents, zones, and services.
CHAPTER 1 Intel® NetStructure™ 7195 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Notes 4
Theory of Operations NOTE: Intel Load Balancer refers to either Intel®NetStructure™ 7180/7185 e-Commerce Directors or the Intel®NetStructure™ 7140/7145/7170/7175 Traffic Directors. Typical load balancers work by balancing traffic over a Local Area Network (LAN) to a Web farm. The Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director extends this balancing to multiple sites over a Wide Area Network (WAN).
CHAPTER 2 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide “Intelligent” DNS The 7190 leverages the DNS architecture and protocol as the basis for its site balancing operations. Based on the information gathered from all sites, the 7190 returns the address of the site that best meets the criteria for fulfilling the request. Traditional DNS Traditional, or Round Robin, Domain Name Service (DNS) is a rudimentary means of server load balancing.
CHAPTER 2 Traditional DNS 7190 7140/7170 (Los Angeles) 7140/7170 (Chicago) ns.mstd-ex.com (Chicago) Authority for msd-ex.com Client (San Diego) Local DNS server (San Diego) Multi-Site Load Balancing Authoritative DNS Servers The DNS maps, or “resolves” hostnames into IP addresses. It is, in effect, a distributed database operating through a distributed, hierarchical system of Domain Name Servers.
CHAPTER 2 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide 4. The client DNS server sends a query to the mstd-ex.com Authoritative DNS server to resolve www.mstd-ex.com. 5. The Authoritative DNS server responds to the client DNS server with the IP address of www.mstd-ex.com. 6. The client DNS server responds to the client with the IP address of www.mstd-ex.com. In the discussion above, the 7190 acts as authoritative DNS server for zone.mstd-ex.com, which is the zone in which the name www.
CHAPTER 2 Typical Configuration Multi-Site Traffic Management Without NetStructure Load Balancers The 7190 can support data centers, whether or not they have an Intel Load Balancer.
CHAPTER 2 Site Balancing Methods Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide The 7190 supports six site-balancing methods or algorithms. The operator chooses the method most appropriate to the deployment to optimize traffic volume, priority, resource availability, and the overall desired outcome. Weighted Algorithms • Weighted Round Robin - Two differences distinguish this method from traditional, or round robin, DNS.
CHAPTER 2 Site Balancing Methods fulfillment of a specific type or types of traffic as being crucial to their business goals. (Available with the 7140/7170, 7180 2.3 release.) • Least Connections - The Least Connections method sends requests to the site with lowest number of connections. This method permits the most efficient management of requests that are likely to require connections of long duration, such as FTP. (Available with the 7140/7170 and 7180 releases.
CHAPTER 2 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide load potential of the servers underneath the load balancers it monitors. Therefore it allows the next best thing. For example, it allows the user to declare that if Server A is within 2400 connections (80% of maximum) of Server B, consider referrals to Server A even if Server B is the lowest. The factor setting would be 2400 for the service associated with Server A and 0 for the service associated with Server B.
CHAPTER 2 Partial Failures Status: OK This state indicates that the required services behind this service are available on the associated load balancer. The metrics information for this service are current and can be used for metric load balancing. Status: No Services This state indicates that services other than the one(s) configured as required for the associated host are not available on the load balancer. Other services with this same service are available.
CHAPTER 2 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Multiple VIP Response The DNS response from a 7190 may contain multiple answers. The number of answers and whether to include stand-by VIPs can be configured. Active VIPs are included first in the response. A stand-by VIP is treated as an active VIP, if it is marked as “IN USE” due to a failed VIP.
CHAPTER 2 Definitions Primary 7190 is a 7190 that automatically transfers (copies) configuration information to secondary 7190s (through the Global Sync process). Configuration may only be changed on a Primary 7190. Service is the Virtual IP (VIP) and port number of an application service available at a site. Authoritative Server is a DNS name server that has complete name space information regarding the hosts within a given zone (see below).
CHAPTER 2 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Notes 16
CLI Configuration Custom/Manual Configuration You can manually change any specific configuration parameters if any of the Quick Start Wizard default settings are not sufficient for your site. It is recommended that you use the custom configuration method only after you have completed the initial configuration with the Quick Start Wizard. See the Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director Getting Started Guide for instructions on using the Quick Start Wizard.
CHAPTER 3 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide 7190 (Prim ary) Data Center 1 host nam e: ns1.xyz-ex.com IP address: 10.54.67.2 service VIP 10.54.68.7 port 255 service V IP 10.54.68.8 port 255 7xxx Load Balancer 7xxx Load Balancer IP address 10.54.67.4 nam e: lb1 IP address 10.100.68.4 name: lb2 service VIP 10.54.67.5 port 80 service VIP 10.54.67.6 port 80 generic load balancer IP address 10.54.67.3 nam e: isvg1 service VIP 10.54.67.7 port 255 service VIP 10.54.67.
CHAPTER 3 NOTE: User-entered names and IP addresses in the example are for illustrative purposes only. The appropriate values for your installation may vary. Custom/Manual Configuration #config dns secondary 10.54.67.2 Warning: Your current dns configurations will be lost. Are you sure you want to become a Secondary (Yes/No):yes Now running as a Secondary. If the DNS configuration of 10.54.67.2 is changed, the new configuration can be propagated to 10.100.68.2 by the commit all command.
CHAPTER 3 NOTE: The 7190 must be authoritative for this zone—the existing DNS server should delegate the domain to the 7190. Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Creating Authority Records Next, authority records for your two 7190s are created. These sites are used to tell DNS servers who they can query directly for other hosts in the current zone. In order for the 7190 to perform effectively, only 7190s should be authoritative for the zone. For example, hostname ns1.xyz-ex.
CHAPTER 3 Custom/Manual Configuration Creating Hosts Next, the hostname www.somedomain.xyz-ex.com is created: 7190/config/dns/zones/somedomainex.xyzex.com# hostnames create www Create Hostname Successful The next step is to map the services www.somedomain.xyz-ex.com to the load balancer. The following assumes the IP addresses of the load balancer to be 10.54.67.4 (service 10.54.67.5:80) and 10.100.68.4 (service 10.100.68.5:80), and that the agents are enabled and running on the default port 1999.
CHAPTER 3 NSLookup Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide The nslookup utility can verify that the 7190 is correctly resolving www.somedomain.xyz-ex.com: Intel 7190# nslookup www.somedomain.xyz-ex.com Server: server1.xyz-ex.com Address: 192.168.16.4 Name: www.somedomain.xyz-ex.com Address: 192.168.16.23 Configure DNS Servers The existing DNS server or servers must be correctly configured to work with the 7190s.
CHAPTER 3 Custom/Manual Configuration The number of additional answers in a response can be configured. The range is from 0 to 15. 7190#config dns zones somedomain.xyz-ex.com hostnames www add-rec-responses 4 To verify whether multi-VIP standby is enabled or check the number of additional responses, type config dns zones hostnames info. 7190#config dns zones somedomain.xyz-ex.
CHAPTER 3 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Notes 24
Multi-Site Scenarios Scenario 1 One Web site, two geographical sites (one server each), two 7190s, optional 7110s Introduction An e-commerce company with a single Web site (www.mstdex.com) wants to expand their site to two geographically dispersed locations so that customers can be referred to the site that gives them the fastest response time. They initially deploy only a single server at each site (no load balancers), but they want the ability to expand as the demand on their Web site increases.
CHAPTER 4 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide changed to Flash Response Mode to deliver the site that has the least network latency to potential customers. Part 1 – Initial Configuration of a Simple Site Key Concepts: • No Load Balancers (non-brokered) • ISV • Two Sites • Configuring a Secondary 7190 • Delegating Authority to a 7190 east coast west coast internet Router Router 7190 7190 10.1.1.1 7110 7110 10.2.1.100 10.1.2.1 10.2.2.
CHAPTER 4 Scenario 1 The 7190 at the westcoastsite is the primary 7190. Except in very rare cases there should only be one primary 7190. All other 7190s in the network should be secondaries so they can slave their configurations to the primary 7190. Step 1. Create the ISV Groups for each site and associate their services. The creation of an ISV Group is primarily for management purposes. The ISV Group is referred to by name.
CHAPTER 4 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide impractical, so the solution is to make the 7190s authoritative for a zone within the mstd-ex.com domain, rather than for the entire domain. For this example the authoritative name server for the mstdex.com domain delegates authority of a new zone within its domain to the 7190. This zone is called geo.mstd-ex.com. The hostname www.mstd-ex.com is aliased to www.geo.mstd-ex.com. Anyone querying the mstd-ex.
CHAPTER 4 Scenario 1 Step 5. Map Services to Hostname. DNS is essentially a means of mapping hostnames to IP addresses. The 7190 takes this mapping one step further by allowing the mapping of hostnames to services (IP address and service port). In this step the services that were created in Step 1 are mapped to the hostname created in Step 2. config dns zones geo.mstd-ex.com. hostnames create www www siteservices map westcoastsite:10.2.1.100:80 map eastcoastsite:10.2.2.100:80 info Step 6.
CHAPTER 4 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Step 7. Configure the Secondary 7190. Configuration of secondary 7190s is very easy. First you use the Boot Monitor to configure the hardware and network information (see the chapter on Installation, Startup and Configuration). Then you choose “Become a Secondary” in the Quick Start Wizard when it comes up. Enter the IP address of the primary 7190 (10.1.1.1).
CHAPTER 4 Scenario 1 Part 2 – Changing to Flash Response Mode Balancing Key Concepts: • Flash Response Mode • Associating 7190s with a site Procedure Now that the 7190 is configured and functioning properly it is time to modify the configuration to use Flash Response Mode balancing instead of Weighted Round Robin. Step 1. Associate 7190s with a site.
CHAPTER 4 Part 3 – Adding Load Balancers to an Existing Site Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Key Concepts: • Adding a Load Balancer (Agent) • Disabling a Site • Mixture of Brokered and Non-brokered Sites • Configuring for Future Expansion • Deleting an ISV Group • Adding and Deleting Services After the sites have been up and running for a while it is still easy to change the configuration to add new servers, services and hosts.
CHAPTER 4 Scenario 1 w e st coa st east coa st in te rn e t R outer R outer 71 9 0 7190 1 0 .1 .1 .1 1 0 .1 .2 .1 7110 7110 7170 7170 (se rve rs) (se rve rs) S ervices S ervices w w w .m std -e x.co m 1 0 .2 .2 .5 0 :8 0 w w w .m std -e x.co m 1 0 .2 .1 .5 0 :8 0 ISV Groups and Services Step 1. Add the load balancers and their services to the 7190 configuration. The 7190 allows agents (load balancers) and ISV Groups and their services to be added prior to their availability.
CHAPTER 4 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide If a service is disabled individually, but the agent/ISV Group is left enabled then no referrals are made to that service, but communication is attempted to the services associated agent/ISV Group. config dns agents create westcoastbroker ip 10.1.1.2 westcoastbroker services create 10.2.2.50:80 disable config dns agents create eastcoastbroker ip 10.1.2.2 eastcoastbroker services create 10.2.2.
CHAPTER 4 Scenario 1 Step 3. Delete the first site to transition over. For the purposes of this scenario, the eastcoastsite converts over first. By deleting the site (deleting the sites ISV Group), the 7190s makes all new referrals to the remaining sites. In this case that leaves just the westcoastsite, since the brokered sites are still disabled. Deleting a site also causes the removal of all of its associated services from hostname mappings. To prove this, check the hostname after deletion.
CHAPTER 4 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Step 7. Bring the new “westcoastbroker” hardware on line. After the commit, the site known as “westcoastsite” no longer receives traffic from new referrals. It may still continue to receive some residual traffic from cached referrals or current connections. Configure the load balancer known as the “westcoastbroker”. Verify that it has the service 10.1.2.50:80 configured. Step 8. Enable the westcoastbroker.
CHAPTER 4 Scenario 2 Scenario 2 Multiple sites, server farms, multiple hostnames, multiple 7190s, generic (not Intel) load balancer A large company with multiple divisions wants to integrate most of those division Web sites onto server farms located at two new geographically dispersed data centers. One division already has an existing brokered server farm at a third site that they refuse to give up. The load balancer at this third site is not an Intel load balancer.
CHAPTER 4 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide • Different Site Combinations for Each Hostname • Different Balancing Methods for Each Hostname • Associating Services with Hostnames Procedure Step 1. Create agents for each of the sites brokered by Intel load balancers and associate their services. For this example, there is one existing site used for only one division’s Web site. This site enforces the fact that not all sites have to be identical.
CHAPTER 4 Scenario 2 • Create Site 1 and associate services: config dns agents create site1 ip 10.1.1.2 site1 flash-src 10.1.1.1 flash-backup-src 10.1.1.3 services create 10.1.1.100:80 create 10.1.1.100:443 create 10.1.1.102:21 create 10.1.1.103:80 Site 1 internet Router 7190 7190 (hot backup for Flash) 10.1.1.3 ns1.mstd-ex.com 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 7180 (2) (servers) Services www.mstd-ex.com 10.1.1.100:80 www.secure.div1.mstd-ex.com 10.1.1.101:443 ftp.div1.mstd-ex.com 10.1.1.102:21 www.div2.
CHAPTER 4 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide • Create Site 2 and associate services: config dns agents create site2 ip 10.1.2.2 site2 flash-src 10.1.2.1 flash-backup-src 10.1.2.3 services create 10.1.2.100:80 create 10.1.2.100:443 create 10.1.2.102:21 create 10.1.2.103:80 Site 2 Router (hot backup for Flash) 7190 7190 ns2.mstd-ex.com 10.1.2.1 10.1.2.3 10.1.2.2 7180s (2) (servers) Services www.mstd-ex.com 10.1.2.100:80 www.secure.div1.mstd-ex.com 10.1.2.101:443 ftp.
CHAPTER 4 Scenario 2 • Create Backup Site and associate services config dns agents create backupsite ip 10.1.4.2 backupsite flash-src 10.1.4.1 flash-backup-src 10.1.4.3 services create 10.2.4.100:80 create 10.2.4.100:443 create 10.2.4.102:21 create 10.2.4.103:80 Backup Site Router 7190 7190 7110 ns5.mstd-ex.com 10.1.4.1 (hot backup for Flash) 10.1.4.3 7170s (2) 10.1.4.2 (servers) Services 10.2.4.100:80 10.2.4.101:443 10.2.4.102:21 10.2.4.
CHAPTER 4 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Step 2. Create ISV Group for the generic (not Intel) brokered site and associate its service. This site is a legacy site with a generic load balancer. The 7190 can function quite well in this environment, but is not able to obtain metric information to support one of the metrics oriented balancing methods. Generic load balancers should be set up as an ISV Group.
CHAPTER 4 Scenario 2 internet Site 3 Router 7190 7190 ns4.mstd-ex.com 10.1.3.2 ns3.mstd-ex.com 10.1.3.1 generic load balancer Server www.div2.mstd-ex.com 10.2.3.103:80 Site 3 Step 3. Create the delegated zones for the hostnames and the authority records for each zone. Since 7190s are deployed at every site there is no reason to not utilize all of them to their full capabilities. All that is required to do this is to make all of the 7190s authoritative for both zones.
CHAPTER 4 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide create-authority ns5.mstd-ex.com ip 10.1.1.5 config dns zones create div2.mstd-ex.com div2.mstd-ex.com create-authority ns1.mstd-ex.com ip 10.1.1.1 create-authority ns2.mstd-ex.com ip 10.1.1.2 create-authority ns3.mstd-ex.com ip 10.1.1.3 create-authority ns4.mstd-ex.com ip 10.1.1.4 create-authority ns5.mstd-ex.com ip 10.1.1.5 Step 4. Add hosts for the first zone and map their services.
CHAPTER 4 Scenario 2 balancing (Rich Mode) can place a heavy burden on the load balancers. This is ideal for balancing by CPU Utilization. Layer 4 load balancing is typically many short duration connections. In this case response time can be used as a direct measure of the actual server farms loading. This is ideal for balancing by Response Time. The mapping of services to hostnames is also the easiest place to designate a service standby.
CHAPTER 4 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide map site1:10.1.1.102:21 map site2:10.1.2.102:21 map backupsite:10.1.4.102:21 backupsite:10.1.4.102:21 standby Step 5. Add host for second zone and map its services. config dns zones div2.mstd-ex.com hostnames create www www method flash siteservices map site1:10.1.1.103:80 map site2:10.1.2.103:80 map site3:10.1.2.103:80 map backupsite:10.1.4.103:80 backupsite:10.1.4.103:80 standby Step 6. Save and activate the configuration.
Boot Monitor The Intel 7190 Boot Monitor Command Line Interface (CLI) allows you to configure boot options and manage boot configuration files. Typically, the Boot Monitor is used only during initial configuration or major reconfigurations, should the latter become necessary. Dayto-day operations are managed with the CLI. See the Chapter 2, “Theory of Operations,” for an overview of 7190 operations. See Chapter 6, “CLI Reference,” for details on specific commands.
CHAPTER 5 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide System Requirements You can use any terminal or personal computer with a terminal emulator as the CLI command station. The terminal must have the following features: • 9600 bits per second, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit no parity, no flow control. • Serial terminal emulation program such as Terminal or HyperTerminal® for Windows® NT or HyperTerminal for Windows 95 or 98. • Cable and connector to match male DTE connector (DB-9).
CHAPTER 5 Boot Monitor Command Reference Command Description autoboot Use this command to enable or disable the Autoboot function. When Autoboot is enabled, during startup the 7190 prompts you to press a key to enter the Boot Monitor command line interface. If you ignore the prompt, startup concludes with the 7190 in normal operating mode (displaying the Intel 7190# prompt).
CHAPTER 5 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description boot This command boots the 7190 using a specified configuration. NOTE: Userentered names and IP addresses in the example are for illustrative purposes only. The appropriate values for your installation may vary. Example: monitor>boot Current active configuration ---------------------------Product: 7190 Version: 3.0 Patch Level: 0.
CHAPTER 5 Boot Monitor Command Reference Command Description dir This command displays the list of saved boot configuration files. Example: monitor>dir File name ----------*default.cfg dhcp This command allows you to enable or disable the use of DHCP by the 7190. When DHCP is enabled, the 7190 receives its configuration parameters from the DHCP server at startup. When DHCP is disabled, the 7190 ignores the DHCP server, and so must be manually configured at startup.
CHAPTER 5 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description factory_reset This command resets system to factory defaults. Values affected by this command are: NOTE: factory _reset does not delete saved configuration files. CAUTION: This command rewrites the default configuration to the default.cfg configuration file.
CHAPTER 5 Boot Monitor Command Reference Command Description help This command lists all Boot Monitor commands or optionally displays syntax for a specified command.
CHAPTER 5 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description info This command displays the current boot configuration. Example: monitor>info Current active configuration ---------------------------Product: 7190 Version: 3.0 Patch Level: 0.0 Build: D18 ---------------------------Current time: Thu Mar 31 12:04:39 2000 Current Config: default.cfg Hostname: www Using DHCP: No IP Address: 10.1.1.11 Netmask: 255.255.254.0 Default Route: 10.1.1.1 Domain: xyz-ex.
CHAPTER 5 Boot Monitor Command Reference Command Description netmask Use this command to specify the netmask. Example: monitor>netmask Enter Netmask [255.255.254.0] --->255.255.254.0 nic Use this command to configure network interface card (NIC) parameters. Assurance of compatibility with some older switches, hubs, or routers, may require that you directly specify the Ethernet speed and duplex mode of the network interface card for the 7190.
CHAPTER 5 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description settime Use this command to configure the date and time of the 7190. One way to configure this is by using the Network Time Protocol (NTP). The user is prompted if NTP should be used, and is then prompted for IP addresses of the NTP servers. Be sure that the selected NTP servers are a reliable source for NTP time and that the NTP server latency is less than 20 milliseconds.
CHAPTER 5 Boot Monitor Command Reference Command Description setup This command initiates the setup procedure of the 7190. The system displays prompts for all inputs necessary to initialize system. Example: monitor>setup Auto config NIC card? [n] --->y Done Ether config: auto Enter hostname [nsb-9] ---> Autoboot? [enable] ---> Enable DHCP? [n] ---> Enter domain (’-’ to delete) [mysite_ex.com] ---> Primary name server (’-’ to delete) [10.1.1.
CHAPTER 5 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Notes 58
CLI Reference The Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director is fully configurable through the Command Line Interface (CLI). The CLI is accessible either through Telnet to the 7190, or the serial port. Commands exist in a logical hierarchy. This chapter contains a summary command list, illustrations of the command tree structure, and a comprehensive reference with descriptions of all commands, their parameters, and if applicable, examples of their output display.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide CTRL-A CTRL-B CTRL-C CTRL-D CTRL-E CTRL-F CTRL-H CTRL-L- CTRL-L CTRL-N or Down Arrow CTRL-P or Up Arrow CTRL-R CTRL-S CTRL-T CTRL-U CTRL-W CTRL-_ Esc-< Esc-> Esc-Backspace or Esc-CTRL-H Esc-B Esc-C Esc-D Esc-F Esc-L Esc-U Insert Move insertion point to beginning of line Move insertion point back one character Prompts to stop the currently running function Delete character under cursor Move insertion point to end of line
CHAPTER 6 Environment Command History The 7190’s CLI records recently executed commands and allows you to review them. history With no parameter specified, history displays the last ten commands entered by the user. The integer specifies the history index number. When is specified on the command line, the ten commands executed before that of the specified index number are displayed. ! or h NOTE: You must include a space between the “!” or “h” and the history index number.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide • Type help for a description of a specific command or, if relevant, a list of sub-commands you can enter from within . • Type? to display a path list of commands and parameters available from the current prompt or forward. • Typing? or help as one of a command’s parameters, i.e., , displays help regarding the parameters available for .
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary CLI Command Summary This section contains diagrams and lists of the 7190’s CLI commands categorized by function. Complete details of CLI commands appear in the command reference section of this chapter. Objects and Parameters The following figures illustrate the show and config branches of the CLI-configurable objects and their relationships to one another within the 7190.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide ROOT config show commands info cli info login-attempts port more prompt screenlines telnet-sessions timeout users username delete dns info stats info all stats all status log primary secondary sys info software info boot delete install logs display display-old secondary any flash list create delete info ssh info enable disable flash agents info stats create delete rename info enable disable aliasing max-delay poll-inte
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Global System Commands ? ! or h !! … | grep … | more arp back (also box, top, toplevel) box (also back, top, toplevel) commit all commit local clearstats dbpr exit (also logout, quit) halt help history info logout (also exit, quit) netstat nslookup ping quit (also exit, logout) reboot revert factory-default start-wizard top (also back, box, toplevel) toplevel (also back, top, box) traceroute who 65
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide File Management Commands cat copy dir get put remove restore restore-verbose save CLI Commands NOTE: The config info commands display uncommitted configuration information that is inactive. The show info commands display the active configuration information. A commit command is necessary before any config commands become active, after which the show info and config info commands displays matching information.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary software delete software install secondary info secondary any secondary flash secondary list secondary create secondary delete ssh info ssh enable ssh disable wizard info wizard enable wizard disable SNMP Commands config sys snmp info auto-topology port <#> sysContact sysName sysLocation community info community create ip rights community delete
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide log primary secondary config dns agents info stats metrics metrics port create ip delete rename new config dns agents info stats metrics metrics port enable disable agent-ip agent-port interval timeout flash-src flash-port flash-backup-src flash-backup-port config dns agents services info stats enable disab
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary config dns agents services info stats enable disable standby weight factor config dns isvgroups info create delete rename new config dns isvgroups info stats enable disable interval timeout flash-src flash-port flash-backup-src flash-backup-port config dns isvgroups services info stats enable disable standby create delete rename new 69
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide config dns isvgroups services info stats enable disable standby weight method url config dns zones info stats create delete rename new config dns zones info stats create-authority ip delete-authority authority-ttl config dns zones hostnames info stats create delete
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary config dns zones hostnames siteservices info stats map unmap config dns zones hostnames siteservices info stats enable disable standby weight factor config dns flash info enable disable aliasing max-delay poll-interval num-polls drop-miss 71
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Show Commands show cli info show sys info date ntp info secondary info snmp info ssh info logs display logs display-old software info wizard info show dns info flash info stats info all stats all status show dns zones info stats show dns zones info stats show dns zones hostnames info stats show dns zones hostnames info stats 72
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary show dns zones hostnames siteservices info stats show dns zones hostnames siteservices info stats show dns agents info stats metrics show dns agents info stats metrics show dns agents services info stats show dns agents services info stats show dns isvgroups info show dns isvgroups info stats show dns isvgroups services info stats show dns isvgro
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Global System Commands Command Description ? Displays all the commands at the command level. ! (also h, history) Displays the command history. Syntax: ! where: n is the command index number from history list. !! Repeats the last command. arp Displays 7190’s ARP table. back (also ..) Moves up one level in the CLI command tree. box (also top) Moves back to the beginning (root level) of the CLI branch command tree.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description dbpr Displays information on the active configuration down to the agent VIP level. This command is useful for assessing the effectiveness of the current balancing settings. Options consist of a hyphen and letter followed by a user-specified parameter or parameters. Syntax: dbpr [host | agent | flash] {options} where: host specifies that the command is to display information from a specified host.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description dbpr (cont’d) Displays a single VIP- the one associated with host www.fooex.com whose IP address is 10.234.2.2 and is on the load balancer at 192.168.16.3:1999 -c causes the referral statistics associated with all displayed VIPs to be cleared following the display. exit Exits the CLI. halt Shuts down the 7190 preparatory to power off.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description info Information is displayed one page at a time if the file size is greater than 500K even when more (‘paging’) is disabled. This info command (at the root level) displays only current configurations, i.e., ‘committed’ changes (performed in the Config branch). This is the same information displayed from info commands on the Show branch of the CLI commands.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description netstat Displays the 7190’s routing tables. ping Tests the network connection to another networking device. It sends an ICMP packet from the 7190 to the target device; when it receives the packet, it sends a ping reply. When the 7190 receives the reply, it displays a message indicating that the specified IP address is alive.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description traceroute Displays the route that packets travel to the network host. who Displays the list of all users currently logged in. Global System Commands File Management Commands Command Description cat Displays contents of the specified saved configuration file. Syntax: cat where: filename is the name of the file to be displayed. copy Copies an existing configuration file to a new file.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description put Transfers a configuration to the specified remote file or directory. If the remote-directory form is used, the remote host is assumed to be a UNIX device. Because the TFTP protocol has no userlogin or validation, sites employing it typically enforce some file access restrictions. Such restrictions are specific to each site and vary widely in scope and methods.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description save Saves the current CLI configuration to a file of the specified name. This information is saved in a text file. (See also restore.) Syntax: NOTE: Username commands are not valid in configuration files, i.e., save and restore operations do not include username data. Use the command config cli username to restore user names and passwords. save where: filename is the file name under which the configuration is stored.
CHAPTER 6 Command info Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Description Displays the status of all variables at the config cli level.
CHAPTER 6 Command more NOTE: If information is greater than 500,000 bytes, the display is automated to display one page at a time. port CLI Command Summary Description This paging command allows you to set scrolling of the output display to one page at a time or to continuous display. Syntax: config cli more [enable | disable] where: enable allows you to scroll one page at a time. disable results in continuous scrolling. Specifies the Telnet port on which the CLI runs.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command telnet-sessions NOTE: If you set the number of sessions to 0, you are disabling all future Telnet sessions to the 7190. To reset Telnet, you must access the device through the serial port and login, then change the Telnet session count from 0, to a number from 1 to 8 timeout NOTE: Too small of a timeout value renders the CLI useless. Description Sets the allowable number of concurrent inbound remote CLI login sessions.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description config cli username Add, change, or delete the login or password. The default user name, “admin” cannot be deleted. Syntax: To delete a user: NOTE: Username commands are not valid in configuration files, i.e., save config and restore config operations do not include username data. users config cli username [delete] To add or update a user: config cli username password level where: name is the login name.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Config Sys Commands Command Description config sys Changes the prompt level to the System Config branch. info NOTE: The default route is the same as the default gateway. logs display Displays the 7190’s current system information. For example: System Id: MAC Address: IP Address: Netmask: Broadcast: Default Route: Nameservers: 0:90:27:73:f0:e4 10.1.10.227 255.255.0.0 10.1.255.255 10.1.1.1 mysite-ex.com 10.1.1.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description config sys software info Displays all images that have been installed in the 7190. This includes the index number, the product name, the version number, the patch number, the build number and the word “Running” next to the image that is currently active on the 7190. For example: Index ----1 2 software install NOTE: Save your configurations before installing or booting a new image. Up to five (5) images can be installed on a 7190.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description config sys software delete Delete old versions of the software from local storage. It can be used to free local storage to install a version update or product upgrade.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description config sys ssh info Displays the current status of SSH enable or disable. If the status was just changed, it reflects the changed status that is pending for the reboot. ssh enable Enables SSH connections the next time the box is rebooted. ssh disable Disables SSH connections the next time the box is rebooted. config sys wizard info Displays information about whether the Wizard is enabled or disabled. By default, Wizard is enabled.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Config Sys SNMP Commands Command Description config sys snmp Changes the prompt level to config sys snmp. info Displays information about SNMP agent port, sysContact, sysName, sysLocation and auto-topology port Allows you to specify the port on which the 7190 receives SNMP requests.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description community create Specifies community strings that the 7190 accepts on incoming SNMP requests. Up to 10 community strings can be created. Syntax: config sys snmp community create ip [|any] rights [ro|rw] where string is the name of the community you wish to create, ip address is the IP address of the host from which you accept this community string.
CHAPTER 6 Command Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Description trap delete Deletes a host from the trap receiver list. Syntax: config sys snmp trap delete community where ip address is the IP address of the host you wish to delete from the trap receiver list, and community string is an identifier associated with specified access rights.
CHAPTER 6 Command info all CLI Command Summary Description Displays all DNS information. For example: DNS Information Running as a Primary Logging is Disabled Flash Information: Flash State: Disabled Polling Interval: 10 Max Broadcast Delay: 500 Aliasing: Disabled Number of Polls: 100 Drop Misses: 3 Agent: 10.1.2.8 State: Enabled Metrics Interval:30 Metrics Timeout:15 Agent IP: 10.1.2.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description config dns stats Displays the status of this 7190 and any connected secondary 7190s. For example: Queries: 0 Referrals: 0 Unknown Zones:0 Malformed: 0 Queries/Sec: 0 Avg Queries/Sec: 0 Refused: 0 Unknown Hosts: 0 Unsupported: 0 Queries - Total number of DNS queries received. Referrals - Total number of times that a particular service or group of services have been returned as the answer to a query.
CHAPTER 6 Command log NOTE: Enabling logging may reduce the speed of DNS resolutions. CLI Command Summary Description Enables or disables logging. When logging is enabled, the DNS server logs details of the incoming queries, the balancing process for VIP selection, and the query response to the log file. Default: disabled. Syntax: config dns log [enable|disable] status If the 7190 is a primary, Displays the secondary 7190(s) to which it is currently connected.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Config DNS Agents Commands Command info Description Displays the configuration information of all agents in the 7190. Each 7190 may have up to 16 agents configured. For example: Agent: 10.1.2.8 State: Enabled Metrics Interval: 30 Metrics Timeout: 15 Agent IP: 10.1.2.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description config dns agents metrics Displays metrics information of all configured agents. If an IP address and a port number are specified, metrics for that agent is obtained. config dns agents metrics port where an optional agent IP address port can be specified, otherwise all metrics are returned. The standard agent port is 1999.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description config dns agents rename new Changes the agent’s current name to the name specified in the command line. Syntax: config dns agents rename new where: agentname (1) is the current name of the agent whose name you wish to change. agentname (2) is the new name to be assigned to the agent.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description config dns agents metrics Displays metric information for the specified agent. Syntax: config dns agents metrics where: agentname is the name of the agent whose metrics you want to display.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description config dns agents flash-src Configures the IP address of the peer flash sources. These include the IP addresses of this 7190 itself and additional 7190s if they exist. Up to five unique flash-source addresses can be configured among the sixteen possible agents. NOTE: At least one of the (up to 5) unique flashsource addresses must be the IP address of the 7190 itself.
CHAPTER 6 Command CLI Command Summary Description agent-ip Configures the IP address of the corresponding agent name. enable Enables communication with the agent. Default: enabled. disable Disables the agent. Services configured under these agents are no longer available for resolution. config dns agents services info stats config dns agents services create Displays information about any existing services.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description enable Enables all services for all hosts which currently map to them. disable Disables all services for all hosts which currently map to them. standby Places on standby all services for all hosts which currently map to them. config dns agents services info Displays information about the specified service. For example: services 10.2.2.3:80 info Displays the following: Service: 10.
CHAPTER 6 Command standby CLI Command Summary Description Sets the mode of a service to standby for all hosts that currently map to it. Config DNS Agents Commands Config DNS ISV Groups Command Command Description config dns isvgroups Moves to the config dns isvgroups command level. config dns isvgroups info Displays configured information of all ISV Groups in this 7190. For example: ISV Group: isv2 State: Enabled Probe Interval:30 Probe Timeout:15 Primary Flash Src:10.1.1.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description config dns isvgroups Move to the command level of a specific ISV group. info Displays information of the ISV group specified by the ISV name.
CHAPTER 6 Command flash-backup-port config dns isvgroups services info CLI Command Summary Description Configures the port number with which the backup flash source communicates with its known peers. The default port number is 2000. Moves to the ISV services command level. Displays configured information of all services for the specified ISV group. For example, with one service: Service: 10.10.9.8:80 Service IP: 10.10.9.
CHAPTER 6 Command info Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Description Displays information, and limits information to one specified service. For example, a display could be: Service: 10.10.9.8:80 Service IP: 10.10.9.8 Service Port: 80 Probe Method: none stats Displays statistical information for the specified service. enable Enables the specific service for the hosts that map to it. All services are enabled by default.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description config dns zones info Displays the names of all configured zones under this 7190. To display the names of committed zones only, use the command show dns zones info. Example: Zone: zone1.com Authority Records TTL: 86400 Zone: zone2.com Authority Records TTL: 86400 config dns zones stats Displays the number of queries and referrals performed by the DNS server for each committed zone under this 7190.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command delete NOTE: This command also deletes all hosts and VIPs configured under the zone to be deleted. config dns zones rename Description Deletes the specified zone from the zone list. Syntax: config dns zones delete where: zonename is the name of the zone you wish to delete. Changes the name of an existing zone. Hosts configured under that zone are unaffected.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description config dns zones stats Displays the statistical information of the specified zone. Syntax: config dns zones stats where: zonename is the name of the zone whose statistical information you wish to view. Example: Zone: mysite-ex.com Queries: 0 Referrals: 0 Host: host1.com Queries: 0 Referrals: 0 Information displayed: config dns zones create-authority • Number of Queries and Referrals of the specified zone.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description config dns zones authority-ttl Specifies the Time to Live (TTL) for authority records configured under the specified zone. Syntax: NOTE: If all authority records are deleted under a specified zone, the authority TTL is reset to the default of 7200 seconds (two hours).
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description config dns zones hostnames stats Displays statistics information of all hosts configured under the specified zone. Each hostname with its corresponding number of resolutions is displayed. Syntax: config dns zones hostnames stats where: zonename is the name of the zone whose hosts’ statistics you wish to view. Information displayed: Host: host1.com Queries: 0 Referrals: 0 Host: host2.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description config dns zones hostnames delete Deletes the specified host under the specified zone. All VIPs configured under the specified host are deleted as well. Syntax: config dns zones hostnames delete where: zonename is the name of the zone under which you wish to delete a host. atypehostname is the name of the host you wish to delete.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description config dns zones hostnames info Displays the specified host’s configuration information. Syntax: stats config dns zones hostnames info where: zonename is the name of the zone of the host whose configuration information you wish to view. hostname is the name of the host whose configuration information you wish to view. • Fully qualified hostname (hostname.
CHAPTER 6 Command ttl Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Description Configures the Time to Live (TTL) value, in seconds, for the specified zone/host. TTL is expressed an integer greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 65,535. Syntax: config dns zones hostnames ttl where: zonename is the name of the zone of the host for which you wish to set the TTL. hostname is the name of the host for which you wish to set the TTL.
CHAPTER 6 Command authority CLI Command Summary Description If enabled, designates this 7190 as authoritative for the specified host. Default: enabled. Syntax: config dns zones hostnames authority [enable|disable] where: zonename is the name of the zone in which the host is located for which this 7190 is to be authoritative. hostname is the name of the host for which this 7190 is to be authoritative.
CHAPTER 6 Command map Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Description Maps the combination of an agent and a service or an ISV name and service with the specified hostname. siteservicename = agentname:vip:port or siteservicename = isvname:vip:port unmap config dns zones hostnames siteservices Removes the mapping of a service to this hostname. Moves to the siteservicename command level.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Config DNS Flash Commands Command Description config dns flash Moves to the flash command level. config dns flash info Displays flash configuration information. For example: Flash Information: Flash State: Disabled Aliasing: Disabled Polling Interval: 10 Number of Polls: 100 Max Broadcast Delay: 500 Drop Misses: 3 Aliasing: With multiple 7190s, Flash responses can pass through a firewall because of the aliasing of source IPs.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description config dns flash max-delay Sets the maximum time delayed before a response is returned, setting the maximum tolerated network latency between peer Flash agents. Default value is 5000ms. Range is 0 to 30,000ms. Syntax: config dns flash max-delay poll-interval Specifies the interval, in seconds, at which a Flash agent polls its peer agents to determine the network latency to each peer.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Show Commands Command Description show cli info Displays the CLI configuration. Information displayed: show sys info • Number of concurrent Telnet sessions allowed • Root prompt • Number of login attempts allowed • More (‘paging’ enabled/disabled) • Number of screenlines • System ID • CLI timeout (in seconds) Displays the 7190’s system information. For example: System Id: MAC Address: 0:90:27:73:f0:e4 IP Address: 10.1.10.227 Netmask: 255.255.0.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description show sys snmp info Displays the status of the SNMP-related variables. Information displayed: logs display • SNMP (enabled/disabled) • Auto-topology (enabled/disabled) • SNMP agent port • SysName • SysContact • SysLocation Displays the contents of the specified log file.
CHAPTER 6 Command software info CLI Command Summary Description Displays information regarding installed software. The list of installed software images includes: • Image index number of each installed version • Product description of each installed version • Version number of each installed version • Patch number, if any • Build numbers of each installed version • An indicator (‘Running’) of which version is currently running. ssh info Displays the current status of SSH enable or disable.
CHAPTER 6 Command flash info Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Description Displays flash information, including whether flash aliasing is on or off. See config dns flash spoof for information. Flash Information: Flash State: Disabled Aliasing: Disabled Polling Interval: 10 Number of Polls: 100 Max Broadcast Delay: 500 Drop Misses: 3 Aliasing: With multiple 7190s, Flash responses can pass through a firewall because of the aliasing of source IPs.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description show dns stats Displays DNS statistical information: • Queries - Total number of DNS queries received. • Referrals - Total number of times that a particular service or group of services have been returned as the answer to a query. • Unknown Zones - Total number of queries received for hosts in zones that the 7190 is authoritative for, but do not exist in the configuration.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description show dns zones info Displays the names of all committed zones of this 7190, and the Time-to-Live (TTL) of their authority records. For example: Zone: mysite-ex.com Authority Records TTL: 86400 stats Displays the statistics on all zones committed under this 7190. Zone names are displayed followed by the number of resolutions for each. For example: Zone: mysite-ex.
CHAPTER 6 Command stats CLI Command Summary Description Displays all the hostnames and their number of queries and referrals. Syntax: show dns zones hostnames stats Information displayed: Host: host1.com Queries: 0 Referrals: 0 show dns zones hostnames info Displays committed hostname, the load balancing method, the TTL, the authority of the specified host, and any site services. Information displayed: Host: host1.
CHAPTER 6 Command stats Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Description Displays statistics for all committed agents. Syntax: show dns agents stats Information displayed: Agent: load1 (Version 45.0.0.0) State: Connected CPU Util: 5% Connections/Sec: 0 Agent: load2 (Version Unknown) State: Connected CPU Util: 0% Connections/Sec: 0 metrics Displays metrics information for each committed agent. For information, see show dns agents stats command.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description show dns agents metrics port Displays metrics for the specified unconfigured agent. If specified agent does not exist or if a connection cannot be established, an error message appears.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description show dns agents info Displays information about the specified agent. Information displayed: Agent: load1 State:Enabled Metrics Interval:30 Metrics Timeout:15 Agent IP: 10.1.2.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description show dns agents metrics Displays metrics information for a single specified agent. Syntax: show dns agents metrics Information displayed is: • Agentname • Agent Version Number • Agent State • CPU Utilization • Average Connections per Second • All services configured for this agent. For example: Agent: load2 (Version Unknown) State: Connected CPU Util:0% Connections/Sec:0 Service: 10.5.5.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description show dns agents metrics port Displays metrics for the specified unconfigured agent. If specified agent does not exist or if a connection cannot be established, an error message appears.
CHAPTER 6 CLI Command Summary Command Description show dns isvgroups info Displays the list of all ISV groups, their states, flash information, probe information and the services configured for them. For example: ISV Group: isv2 State: Enabled Probe Interval:30 Probe Timeout:15 Primary Flash Src:10.1.1.1 Primary Flash Port:2000 Backup Flash Src: 10.1.1.
CHAPTER 6 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Command Description show dns isvgroups services info Displays service information for the specific service under the specific ISV Group. stats Displays service statistics for the specific service under the specific ISV Group. For example: Service IP and Port, Number of Referrals and Flash Referrals, and Response Time.
SNMP Support The Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director has a fully compliant, embedded SNMP agent that supports SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 requests. In addition to standard MIB-II, Intel private enterprise MIBs provide the capabilities to monitor the performance and health of the 7190. Standards Compliance The 7190 SNMP agent is bilingual and can support both SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c requests. All traps are sent in SNMPv2c format.
CHAPTER 7 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprises (1.2.6.1.4.1) Intel (343) sysProducts mib2ext MIB Tree (top level) All Intel enterprise MIBs and MIB objects are defined under the mib2ext branch of the Intel® tree. All sysObjectIds that identify Intel products are defined under the directors branch of the MIB tree. Supported MIBs Management Information Base-II (MIB-II) Intel Enterprise MIBs: ceo-header.my multisite-mib.
CHAPTER 7 Where to find MIB Files The standard SNMP traps, coldStart, warmStart, authenticationfailure, linkUp and linkDown are supported. ceo-header.my ceo-header.my contains the objects that define the top-level branches of the MIB tree. multisite-mib.my multisite-mib.
CHAPTER 7 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide isvTable isvEntry isvIndex isvVipAddr isvVipPort isvProbeType isvProbeState isvProbeProperties siteTable siteEntry siteIndex siteName Agent Metrics Group Object Description agentMetricsTable An agent runs in a load balancer (i.e., 7140 & 7170) which communicates with the Multi-Site. The agentMetricsTable conains load balancer performance data reported by the agent to the Multi-Site.
CHAPTER 7 Service Metrics Group Service Metrics Group Object Description serviceMetricsTable An agent runs in a load balancer which communicates with the MSD 9000. The serviceMetricsTable contains load balancer performance data reported by the agent to the Multi-Site pertaining to service (VIP and port). serviceMetricsEntry Each entry contains the last metrics information returned by a remote load balancer agent for a service (i.e, VIP and port).
CHAPTER 7 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Object Description isvVipPort Server TCP port number. isvProbeType ISV probe type can be Ping or TCP or HTTP. The Ping is an ICMP probe. The TCP Probe opens a TCP session, sends no data and resets the connection after receiving an appropriate response. The acceptable response is the TCP acknowledgment that a connection can be established. The HTTP probes have a user configurable URL.
CHAPTER 7 SNMP Traps SNMP Traps The following list summarizes the traps generated by the 7190. For details about a particular trap, please read the description of each MIB above, or read the documentation within the MIB file. Traps are generated by SNMPv2c coldStart authenticationFailure linkUp multisite-mib.
CHAPTER 7 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Object Description msdConnState Connection state of the 7190. A primary 7190 always has the state primary. A secondary 7190 can have the state connected, refused or retrying, indicating its connection state to its primary 7190. shuttingDown 7190 is shutting down. configurationChanged 7190 configuration has changed. connStateChanged The 7190 connection state has changed. A primary 7190 always has the state primary.
CHAPTER 7 Displaying SNMP Parameters • The backplane type of the sender, for the 7190 this is enetFastEnet (10). • Local segment indication. This indicates whether the sender is on the same ethernet segment or across a bridge. • The current state of the auto-topology packet’s sender. The 7190 listens for auto-topology packets from other nodes and uses these to maintain tables of information about the other nodes on the segment.
CHAPTER 7 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide The following CLI commands are used to display and configure SNMP community strings. config sys snmp config sys snmp address> rights config sys snmp address> community info community create ip ip
CHAPTER 7 Configuring Other SNMP Parameters This command causes traps to be sent to IP address 209.218.240.5, and causes the 7190 SNMP agent to put the community string NOC1 in the trap.
CHAPTER 7 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Notes 144
Software Updates Your Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director unit is shipped with the latest system software installed. After initial installation and setup, you may be eligible for, or choose to purchase a software version update. This chapter describes the update procedure. Multiple Software Images The 7190 provides sufficient local storage for at most five software images (though at any time, only one image is active and executing.
CHAPTER 8 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide distribution consists of a single large binary file of approximately 20 megabytes. The first step in software installation is to place this install image file on an ftp server accessible by the 7190. NOTE: Username commands are not valid in configuration files, i.e., save config and restore config operations do not include username data.
CHAPTER 8 Rebooting with the New Image and Verifying Installation Rebooting with the New Image and Verifying Installation NOTE: If any errors occurred during installation, show sys software may display the image as installed, however it is not safe to use. Use config sys software delete to delete the image and repeat the installation before continuing. If the problem persists, contact Intel Technical Support.
CHAPTER 8 Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Notes 148
Diagnostics This section describes the available diagnostic information and infield diagnostics procedures for the 7190. Diagnostic LEDs The front panel’s LEDs provide information generated by the boottime power-on-self-test (POST) and application startup sequences. There are four LEDs on the front panel, as shown.
APPENDIX A Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Power Indication The front panel Power LED connects directly to the unit’s power supply. If the Power LED is not illuminated, power is not connected to the unit, or the unit’s power supply has failed. Boot-time LED Diagnostics The front panel’s Status, Act 1 and Act 2 LEDs display the transition through a sequence of codes at boot time indicating the product’s progress through the boot process.
APPENDIX A Runtime LED Diagnostics Runtime LED Diagnostics Runtime Activity At runtime, the LEDs provide information about system activity as described below. Status LED • Blinks on and off quickly when operating normally. • Continuous on or off indicates troubled (hung) system.
APPENDIX A Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide System Log The system log contains diagnostic messages from various software modules of the 7190. The system log memory is of limited size (512K bytes) and wraps around when the allocated space has been filled up. Log Message Format There are five components to each log message in this file. (Date) (Time) (Hostname) (Module) (Text) Aug 2 14:28:03 mstd1 DNSD: Starting..
APPENDIX A System Log DNSD: The DNS Server Daemon process This process logs a message when it is started and when reading in the configuration. Severe or fatal errors are logged with a preceding “ERROR”. Others messages may be logged with or without “WARNING” based on the nature of the event. Example: This message is logged when the dns server is started. Aug 2 14:28:03 madagascar DNSD: Starting 7190 DNS Server This message is logged when the dns server reads the configuration file at boot time.
APPENDIX A Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide NCA (Network Configuration Application) This process is in charge of connecting to and talking to the agents resident on the 7140/7170 or 7180 devices. It also connects to and talks to the dns server and the backed process. It is the NCA that updates configuration information of the dns server every time user types a commit command.
APPENDIX A System Log Aug 2 12:13:33 madagascar BACKEND: Reading in configuration... Aug 2 12:13:33 madagascar BACKEND: ***Backend is ready for the user* When there is an error reading the configuration file, these errors are logged specifying the error and the line where it occurred. DNS_STATS Daemon This daemon is in charge of collecting statistics from the dns server. Every 15 minutes DNS_STATS module logs the number of queries that were made since the last log write.
APPENDIX A Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Notes 156
Cleaning the Dust Filter The Intel® NetStructure™ 7195 Multi-Site Traffic Director has a dust filter element mounted behind the front grille and in front of the dual intake fans. This filter is washable and should be cleaned every six months at a minimum. If you use your 7190 in an abnormally dusty environment, clean the filter more often. You need not interrupt 7190 operation to perform the following cleaning procedure.
APPENDIX B Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Notes 158
Regulatory Information Taiwan Class A EMI Statement
APPENDIX C Intel ® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide VCCI Statement Class A ITE This is a Class A product based on the standard of the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Information Technology Equipment (VCCI). If this equipment is used in a domestic environment, radio disturbance may arise. When such trouble occurs, the user may be required to take corrective actions. WARNING: This is a Class A product.
APPENDIX C Canada Compliance Statement (Industry Canada) • To the extent possible, relocate the radio, TV, or other receiver away from the product. • Plug the product into a different electrical outlet so that the product and the receiver are on different branch circuits. If these suggestions don’t help, consult your dealer or an experienced radio/TV repair technician for more suggestions. NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
APPENDIX C Intel ® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide CISPR 22 Statement WARNING: This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures. VCCI Class A (Japan) Australia WARNING The system is designed to operate in a typical office environment. Choose a site that is: 162 • Clean and free of airborne particles (other than normal room dust).
APPENDIX C CISPR 22 Statement • Isolated from strong electromagnetic fields produced by electrical devices. • In regions that are susceptible to electrical storms, we recommend you plug your system into a surge suppressor and disconnect telecommunication lines to your modem during an electrical storm. • Provided with a properly grounded wall outlet. Do not attempt to modify or use the supplied AC power cord if it is not the exact type required.
APPENDIX C Intel ® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide WARNUNG Das System wurde für den Betrieb in einer normalen Büroumgebung entwickelt. Der entwickelt.
APPENDIX C CISPR 22 Statement • In aree soggette a temporali, è consigliabile collegare il sistema ad un limitatore di corrente. In caso di temporali, scollegare le linee di comunicazione dal modem. • Dotata di una presa a muro correttamente installata. Non modificare o utilizzare il cavo di alimentazione in c. a. fornito dal produttore, se non corrisponde esattamente al tipo richiesto.
APPENDIX C Intel ® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise 1. Bitte lesen Sie sich diese Hinweise sorgfältig durch. 2. Heben Sie diese Anleitung für den spätern Gebrauch auf. 3. Vor jedem Reinigen ist das Gerät vom Stromnetz zu trennen. Vervenden Sie keine Flüssig- oder Aerosolreiniger. Am besten dient ein angefeuchtetes Tuch zur Reinigung. 4.
APPENDIX C Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise 15. Wenn folgende Situationen auftreten ist das Gerät vom Stromnetz zu trennen und von einerqualifizierten Servicestelle zu überprüfen: a. Netzkabel oder Netzstecker sint beschädigt. b. Flüssigkeit ist in das Gerät eingedrungen. c. Das Gerät war Feuchtigkeit ausgesetzt. d. Wenn das Gerät nicht der Bedienungsanleitung ensprechend funktioniert oder Sie mit Hilfe dieser Anleitung keine Verbesserung erzielen. e.
APPENDIX C Intel ® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Notes 168
Terms and Conditions and Software License Intel Corporation END USER TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND SOFTWARE LICENSE IF THE PRODUCT IS PURCHASED DIRECTLY FROM INTEL AND UNLESS SUCH PARTIES HAVE ENTERED INTO A BILATERALLY EXECUTED AGREEMENT, WHICH EXPRESSLY TAKES PRECEDENCE, THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS STATED HEREIN WILL APPLY. IF THE PRODUCT WAS PURCHASED FROM AN INTEL CHANNEL PARTNER, THEN ONLY SECTIONS 13-23 APPLY TO THE END USER. 1.
APPENDIX D Intel ® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide 2. Orders: End User may purchase Product by submitting a valid purchase order (“Order”) to Intel at the corporate address stated herein. Orders are subject to Intel’s written acceptance (“Order Acceptance”). Order Acceptance is based in part to approval of credit by Intel to End User as set forth in the “Credit Terms” Section of this Agreement. 3.
APPENDIX D Terms and Conditions and Software License 10.
APPENDIX D Intel ® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide 12. Returns: No Product may be returned except under warranty for repair or due to shipment error by Intel. 13.
APPENDIX D Terms and Conditions and Software License replace or repair the product with either a new or reconditioned product, and the returned product becomes Intel’s property. Intel warrants the repaired or replaced product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of the greater of: (i) ninety (90) days from the return shipping date; or (ii) the period of time remaining on the original one (1) year warranty.
APPENDIX D Intel ® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide This warranty does not cover replacement of products damaged by abuse, accident, misuse, neglect, alteration, repair, disaster, improper installation or improper testing.
APPENDIX D Terms and Conditions and Software License 17. Export Law Regulations: 17. 1. Applicable Laws. End User acknowledges that all Products, spares, documentation or other materials (collectively “Product”) are subject to applicable import and export regulations of the United States and of the countries in which End User transacts business, specifically including U.S. Export Administration Act and Export Administration Regulations. This Agreement is also specifically subject to U.S.
APPENDIX D Intel ® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide 19. Copyrights; Trade Secrets: End User acknowledges and agrees that the structure, sequence and organization of the software (including but not limited to any images, photographs, animations, video, audio, music, and text) are the valuable trade secrets of Intel and its suppliers. End User agrees to hold such trade secrets in confidence.
Glossary This section defines terms and acronyms used throughout the Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide. Agent Refers to a load balancer (7140, 7170, or 7180), specifically to the fulfillment agent on a load balancer, which communicates service availability and metric information related to the VIPs brokered by the load balancer to a 7190. All VIPs associated with an agent share a common Flash Source. Broker Better known as a load balancer (7140, 7170, or 7180).
GLOSSARY Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Flash Response Mode Flash Peer Broadcaster of a Flash DNS answer. Flash Source A Flash Source is the Flash Peer that is responsible for referring VIPs associated with an Agent or Pseudo-Agent when Flash DNS site balancing is used. The Flash Source generally must be on the same network as the Agent/Pseudo-Agent or at least behind the same router.
GLOSSARY Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Load Balancer Intel® 7140, 7170 or 7180 Load Balancing The distribution of processing and communications activity across a computer network so that no single device is overwhelmed. Load balancing is particularly important for networks on which it is difficult to predict the volume of requests likely to be issued to a server. Busy Web sites typically employ two or more Web servers in load balancing roles.
GLOSSARY Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Aliasing SSL (Secure Socket Layer) TCP/IP TTL The act of trying to appear as a legitimate packet from a trusted or expected source even though the packet actually originated at some unknown source. Protocol developed by Netscape for encrypted transmission over TCP/IP networks, setting up a secure end-to-end link. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) utilizing IP as the base transport. DNS Time To Live.
Support Services Intel® offers a range of support services for your new product. You can learn about the options available for your area by visiting the Intel® support web site at http://www.intel.com/network/ services and choosing your geography. Worldwide Access to Technical Support Intel has technical support centers worldwide. Technicians who speak the local languages staff many of the centers. Visit our web site at http://support.intel.com/.
SUPPORT Intel ® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Country Dialing Information Indonesia 2 Dial 001-801-10, await dial tone, dial 800-838-7136 Korea 1 Dial 0-911, await dial tone, dial 800-838-7136 Malaysia 4 Dial 800-0011, await dial tone, dial 800-838-7136 New Zealand Dial 000-911, await dial tone, dial 800-838-7136 Singapore Dial 800-0111-111, await dial tone, dial 800-838-7136 Sri Lanka Dial 430-430, await dial tone, dial 800-838-7136 Taiwan 1 Dial 0080-10288-0, a
SUPPORT Support Services Country Dialing Information Switzerland 1 Dial 0-800-550011, await dial tone, dial 800-838-7136 United Kingdom (Mercury) 3 Dial 0500-89-0011, await dial tone, dial 800-838-7136 United Kingdom (BT) 3 Dial 0800-89-0011, await dial tone, dial 800-838-7136 RSA (South Africa) Dial 0-800-99-0123, await dial tone, dial 800-838-7136 Philippines Dial 105-11, await dial tone, dial 800-838-7136 Vietnam Dial 12010288, await dial tone, dial 800-838-7136 Pakistan Dial 0080001001,
SUPPORT Intel ® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Notes 184
Index Symbols ! 74 !! 74 * 111, 112 ? 74 @ 111, 112 A adding load balancers 32 agents 14 associating services 19 configuring dns agents 96 creating 19, 38 displaying 125 algorithms metric 10 weighted 10 authoritative server 15 authority delegating 30 authority records creating 20 B boot monitor 47, 48 boot monitor commands autoboot 49 boot 50 delete 50 dhcp 51 dir 51 factory_reset 52 halt 52 help 53 info 54 netmask 55 nic 55 route 55 save 55 settime 56 setup 57 show 57 C CLI commands summary of 63 commi
INDEX Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide login-attempts 82 more 83 port 83 prompt 83 screenlines 83 telnet-sessions 84 timeout 84 username 85 users 85 config commands 63 config dns agents commands 96 agent-ip 101 agent-port 99 create 97 delete 97 disable 101 enable 101 flash-backup-port 100 flash-backup-src 100 flash-port 100 flash-src 100 info 98 interval 100 metrics 97, 99 rename 98 services create 101 services delete 101 services disable 102 services enable 102 services fa
INDEX Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide hostname siteservices info 115 hostnames 110 hostnames authority 115 hostnames create 111 hostnames delete 112 hostnames info 23, 110, 113 hostnames method 114 hostnames rename 112 hostnames siteservices 115, 116 hostnames siteservices disable 116 hostnames siteservices enable 116 hostnames siteservices factor 116 hostnames siteservices info 116 hostnames siteservices map 116 hostnames siteservices standby 116 hostnames siteservices st
INDEX Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide config sys info 86, 89 config sys logs display 86 config sys logs display-old 86 config sys secondary 88 config sys secondary any 88 config sys secondary create 88 config sys secondary delete 88 config sys secondary flash 88 config sys secondary info 88 config sys secondary list 88 config sys software 86 config sys software boot 87 config sys software delete 88 config sys software info 87 config sys software install 87 config sys ssh d
INDEX Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide arp 74 back 74 box 74 commit all 74 commit local 74 dbpr 75 exit 76 factory-default 78 halt 76 history 76 info 77 logout 77 netstat 78 ping 78 quit 78 reboot 78 revert 78 start-wizard 78 top 74 traceroute 79 who 79 H help commands 76 ? 62 help ttychars 61 hosts adding 44, 46 creating 21, 28, 111 I Intelligent Site Verification (see ISV) ISV 14 creating groups 27, 42, 103 deleting groups 103 disabling groups 104 displaying groups 130
INDEX Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide runtime LED diagnostics 151 S save command 29 saving configuration 29 current software configuration 146 secondary adding 18 configuring 30, 95 creating 88 deleting 88 displaying information 88 services 15, 69 creating 101 deleting 101 disabling 102 displaying information 129 enabling 102 mapping 21, 29, 34 renaming 101 standby 13, 37, 102 setting Telnet sessions 84 show commands 63, 72, 119 show cli info 72, 119 show dns 72 show dns
INDEX Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide T Telnet 59, 77, 78, 82, 83, 84, 119 setting sessions 84 The 22 W weighted algorithms 10 Weighted Random load balancing 10, 114 Weighted Round Robin 180 Weighted Round Robin load balancing 10, 114 wildcards 111 Z zones 15 creating 19, 27, 43, 107 creating authority for 109 deleting 108 deleting authority for 110 renaming 108 specify TTL 110 191
INDEX Intel® NetStructure™ 7190 Multi-Site Traffic Director User Guide Notes 192
