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Reference Manual

2110-901-01 Rev. C / August 2013

*P211090101C*

2110-901-01

www.keithley.com

Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter

A Tektronix Company

A Greater Measure of Confidence

Summary of content (221 pages)

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www.keithley.com Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual 2110-901-01 Rev.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual © 2013, Keithley Instruments, Inc. Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized reproduction, photocopy, or use of the information herein, in whole or in part, without the prior written approval of Keithley Instruments, Inc. is strictly prohibited. All Keithley Instruments product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
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Safety precautions The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with nonhazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury.
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For safety, instruments and accessories must be used in accordance with the operating instructions. If the instruments or accessories are used in a manner not specified in the operating instructions, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired. Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.
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Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1-1 Welcome .............................................................................................................................. 1-1 Contact information .............................................................................................................. 1-1 CD-ROM contents ...........................................................................
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Table of Contents Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Ratio measurements ................................................................................................................. 3-4 Current measurements ............................................................................................................. 3-6 Resistance measurements ........................................................................................................ 3-9 Frequency and period measurements......
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Query commands .................................................................................................................... 5-10 Program messages ................................................................................................................. 5-10 Output Data ............................................................................................................................. 5-12 SCPI signal-oriented measurement commands ....
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Table of Contents Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]FUNCtion [1|2] ""...................................................................................... 5-45 [SENSe:]PERiod:APERture |MIN|MAX ............................................................................. 5-46 [SENSe:]PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe |MIN|MAX ................................................................ 5-46 [SENSe:]PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO ..................................................
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Next steps ................................................................................................................. 7-1 Additional Model 2110 information....................................................................................... 7-1 Maintenance ..............................................................................................................A-1 Line fuse replacement ............................................................
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Section 1 Introduction In this section: Welcome .................................................................................. 1-1 Contact information .................................................................. 1-1 CD-ROM contents .................................................................... 1-2 Organization of manual sections .............................................. 1-2 Capabilities and features .......................................................... 1-3 General information......
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Section 1: Introduction Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual CD-ROM contents A CD-ROM is shipped with each Model 2110 order. The Model 2110 Product Information CD-ROM contains: • Reference Manual: Includes a description of connections, operation information, programming information, and maintenance information.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 1: Introduction Capabilities and features The Keithley Instruments Model 2110 is a rugged and versatile 5½-digit resolution digital multimeter with a dual-line liquid-crystal display (LCD), built-in USB interface, and optional GPIB interface. The Model 2110 has 0.0012% one-year basic DC voltage accuracy and 0.020% one-year basic resistance accuracy up to the 1 MΩ range.
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Section 1: Introduction Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Measurement ranges and functions The Model 2110 provides a wide number of measurement ranges and functions including: • • • • • • • • • • • • DC voltage: 0.1 V, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V, and 1000 V AC voltage: 0.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 1: Introduction Optional accessories The following optional accessories are available for the Model 2110. Keithley part number Optional accessory 4299-3 4299-4 4299-7 8605 8606 5805 5805-12 5808 5809 8680 8681 7007-1 7007-2 6517-TP Single Rack Mount Kit Dual Rack Mount Kit Dual Fixed Rack Mount Kit High Performance Modular Test Leads High Performance Modular Probe Kit Kelvin Probes, 0.9 m (3 ft) Kelvin Probes, 3.
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Section 1: Introduction Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Figure 2: Dimensions Power-on settings See the following table for information about the Model 2110 factory default settings. These settings are also restored when the instrument is turned on and when the instrument receives a *RST command from a remote interface.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 1: Introduction Function Diode test Resistance Temperature Triggers Default Digits Range Rate Digits Range Digits Thermocouple Source Delay Input resistance 5.5 1 mA 0.2 PLC 5.5 (1 PLC) 1 kΩ 4.
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Section 2 General overview In this section: Turning your instrument on and off .......................................... 2-1 Front panel overview ................................................................ 2-5 Rear panel overview .............................................................. 2-18 System operations .................................................................
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Section 2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual The power cord supplied with the Model 2110 contains a separate protective earth (safety ground) wire for use with grounded outlets. When proper connections are made, the instrument chassis is connected to power-line ground through the ground wire in the power cord. In addition, a redundant protective earth connection is provided through a screw on the rear panel. This terminal should be connected to a known protective earth.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2: General overview 2. Press the latch to unlatch the voltage setting selector container, as shown in the following figure (a flat blade screwdriver may be required). Figure 4: Unlatching voltage selector 3. Remove the voltage setting selector container, as shown in the following figure. Figure 5: Remove voltage selector 2110-901-01 Rev.
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Section 2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual 4. Open the clips on the sides and remove the voltage setting selector from the container, as shown in the following figure. Figure 6: Open clips 5. Turn the voltage setting to the correct setting. The instrument has four possible voltage settings: 100 V, 120 V, 220 V, and 240 V. It can be set to any of these working voltages. Figure 7: Turn voltage selector 6.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2: General overview Power-up sequence Self-test procedures are built into the Model 2110 for checking that the logic and measurement hardware are functioning properly. Every time the instrument power is turned on, a set of test procedures is performed to make sure the basic functions of the instrument work properly.
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Section 2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual (1) Display The instrument display has a primary and a secondary display area. There are additional indicators at the upper side (top) and right side of the display to show the state or the condition of an ongoing measurement. They are explained individually in the following sections. The following figure shows the display with all indicators lit and all character segments lit.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2: General overview The following table describes the meaning of each lit indicator. Indicator Indicates ADR RMT MAN TRIG * HOLD MEM MATH FILT SHIFT ERR RAT Instrument is controlled via the GPIB Interface. Remote interface operation via the USB Interface. Manual range mode is selected. External triggering is enabled. The instrument has received a trigger. Reading hold function is enabled. Internal memory is in use. MATH operation is enabled.
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Section 2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Shifted keys To perform a shifted function or operation, press SHIFT and then press the key with the label for the function you want to perform printed above it. The procedures in this manual that require you to use a shifted key sequence list the key name followed by the shifted key name in parentheses. For example, to measure AC current, press SHIFT and then press the ACV (ACI) key.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2: General overview The following table describes the functions and shifted functions associated with each key. The shifted functions are shown with a shaded background. Key Function DCV ACV Selects DC voltage measurement. Selects AC voltage measurement. Selects 2-wire resistance measurement. Ω2 FREQ CONT TEMP ENTER DCI ACI Ω4 Selects frequency measurement. Selects the continuity test. Selects RTD temperature measurement.
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Section 2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual (4) RANGE and scroll keys Keys Description ◄ and ► ▲ and ▼ Use ► and ◄ keys to scroll through options. Use ▲ and ▼ keys to change the range while measuring. Use ▲ and ▼ keys to change a digit when setting parameters and entering values. If there are editable characters left or right of the one selected, arrow shaped indicators will display on the second line to indicate the presence and location of the additional characters.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2: General overview Menu navigation Selecting menus To select menus and submenus, use the keys as follows: • • • • To navigate to the Main menu, press SHIFT, and then press CONFIG (MENU). • If you need to change digits in a value, press the ▲ ▼ keys to change each digit. Refer to the next topic (Setting a numeric value (on page 2-11)) for more information about values. • • At any time, press ESC to cancel changes.
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Section 2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Keys, menus, and selection Description ACV Press the ACV key. Press the CONFIG key to display configuration options. Use ► and ◄ keys to select bandwidth. Refer to Bandwidth and resolution for AC measurements (on page 3-44) for details. Use ► and ◄ keys to display additional selections. Refer to Range selection (on page 3-39) for details. Press the Ω2 key. Press the CONFIG key to display configuration options.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Keys, menus, and selection SHIFT DCV (DCI) CONFIG NPLC RANGE ACV (ACI) CONFIG BAND WIDTH RANGE Ω2 (Ω4) CONFIG NPLC RANGE FREQ ( ) CONFIG RANGE RANGE AUTO CONT ( ) CONFIG VF-LOW VF-HI TEMP (TCOUPL) CONFIG TYPE UNITS 2110-901-01 Rev. C/August 2013 Section 2: General overview Description Press the SHIFT key to access the shifted function for the next key you press. Press the DCV (DCI) key. Press the CONFIG key to configure DC current measurements.
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Section 2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Keys, menus, and selection ENTER (2ND) CONFIG OFF DCV DCI NPLC RANGE 2W RES NPLC RANGE 4W RES NPLC RANGE ACV BAND WIDTH RANGE ACI BAND WIDTH RANGE FREQ APERTURE RANGE PERIOD APERTURE RANGE CURR FREQ APERTURE RANGE CURR PERIOD APERTURE 2-14 Description Press ENTER (2ND) key. Refer to Secondary measurement function (on page 3-26) for details. Select OFF to turn off the dual measurement function off.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Keys, menus, and selection RANGE CAP RANGE TEMP SENSOR UNITS TRANSDUCER TCOUPL TYPE UNITS RJUNCTION REAL SIMULATED VIEW REAL TRIGGER (AUTO/HOLD) STORE (RECALL) DIGITS (FILTER) OFF MOVING AVERAGE RUN READINGS REPEAT AVERAGE RUN READINGS 2110-901-01 Rev. C/August 2013 Section 2: General overview Description Use ► and ◄ keys to display additional selections. Refer to Range selection (on page 3-39) for details.
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Section 2: General overview Keys, menus, and selection NULL (MATH) OFF PERCENT RUN TARGET AVERAGE RUN NULL RUN LIMITS RUN HIGH LIMIT LOW LIMIT MX+B RUN SET M SET B dB RUN dB REL dBm RUN REF RES 2-16 Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Description Press ► and ◄ keys to display additional selections. Refer to Math operations (on page 3-48) for details. Turn the math function off. Select to configure PERCENT. Refer to Percent (on page 3-49) for details. Select RUN to start the function.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Keys, menus, and selection CONFIG (MENU) SET ADC AUTO ZERO ON OFF TRIG SYS READ HOLD STORE RDGS DELAY AUTO MANUAL SAMPLE CNT TRIG CNT SYSTEM SCPI ERR INIT MODE DEFAULT SET SAVE DATA SYSTEM VERSION INSTRUMENT INFO SERIAL DISPLAY ON OFF BEEP ON OFF SELF TEST LANGUAGE DEFAULT COMPATIBLE 2110-901-01 Rev. C/August 2013 Section 2: General overview Description Press CONFIG (MENU) to select the menu. Select to configure autozero.
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Section 2: General overview Keys, menus, and selection INTERFACE USB ON OFF GPIB ADDRESS Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Description Select communication interface. Refer to Rear panel connection details (on page 2-19). Access USB settings. Select USB. Disable USB. Enter or change GPIB address. Rear panel overview The rear panel of the Model 2110 is shown in the following figure. This figure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before using the instrument.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2: General overview (4) Protective earth (safety ground) Ground screw for connection to protective earth (safety ground). Connect to protective earth using recommended wire size (#16 AWG or larger). (5) AC line receptacle, power line fuse, and line voltage setting Provides: • AC line receptacle. Use to connect to AC power. Refer to Turning your instrument on and off (on page 2-1) for details. • Line voltage setting.
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Section 2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Figure 15: GPIB connector Set the GPIB address The GPIB address value is set to 16 at the factory. The address can be set to any address value between 0 and 30. However, the address must be unique in the system. It cannot conflict with the address assigned to another instrument or to the GPIB controller. To change the GPIB address: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Press the SHIFT key, and then press the CONFIG (MENU) key.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2: General overview Turning off measurement display You have the option to stop measurements from showing on the display. When the measurement display is turned off, the OFF indicator is lit. This indicator does not mean the display is turned off, but only that the acquired readings will not be sent to the display. Turning off the display does not affect the messages displayed from the RECALL, MENU, and CONFIG front-panel operations.
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Section 2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Turning the beeper off or on The Model 2110 beeps when certain conditions are met or when an error occurs. You can only turn off the beeper for some operations. The beeper sound remains in other operations, such as front-panel key-presses. The beeper is turned on by default. The beeper state is stored in nonvolatile memory, and the default will be restored when the instrument has been turned off or after a remote interface reset.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2: General overview Selecting the initial operating mode The Model 2110 provides the option to save the current operating settings or restore the factory default settings when the instrument is turned on. Refer to Power-on settings (on page 1-6) for information about default settings. To select the initial mode, use the following procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. Press the SHIFT and CONFIG (MENU) keys to display the MENU options.
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Section 2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Viewing errors in the error queue When the ERR indicator on the display is lit, it indicates that the instrument has detected an error condition. In general, the ERR indicator and error queue operate as follows: • • The instrument turns the ERR indicator off after you view the error queue. • If there are more than 20 errors found, the last error in the error queue will be replaced with the error -350.
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Section 3 Basic DMM operation In this section: Basic measurement functions .................................................. 3-1 Triggering and data buffer ...................................................... 3-28 Enhancing measurement performance ..................................
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual To eliminate thermal EMFs caused by the differences between two metals, use copper test leads to connect your source signal to the Model 2110. Use the following procedure and commands to perform basic measurements. Refer to Enhancing measurement performance (on page 3-37) for details about setting measurement speed and resolution.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Ratio measurements This feature calculates the ratio of an input DC voltage to a reference DC voltage using the following equation: This function only applies to DC voltage measurement. Use the following procedure and commands to perform basic measurements. Refer to Enhancing measurement performance (on page 3-37) for details about setting measurement speed and resolution.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Connections for ratio measurements Figure 17: Connections for ratio measurements The reference signal must be between -2.1 V and 2.1 V. Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual A measurement configuration command can also be used for ratio calculations. Use the following command to select the ratio function, set the measure range, set measurement resolution, perform a calculation, and acquire the reading.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Connections for DC and AC current measurements The maximum input on the 3 A input terminals is 3 A, 250 V. The maximum input on the 10 A input terminals is 10 A. Exceeding these input levels will damage the current fuses. Figure 18: Connections for DCI and ACI Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Measurement configuration commands can also be used to perform measurements. Use the following commands to select a function (DCI or ACI), set the measure range, set measurement resolution, perform a measurement, and acquire the reading.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Resistance measurements There are two measurement methods for resistance: • • 2-wire ohms 4-wire ohms As shown in the figure in Connections for resistance measurements (on page 3-10), one pair of test leads are used for 2-wire ohms measurement. A test current is applied and the voltage across the resistance under test is measured on the same leads.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Connections for resistance measurements Source current flows from INPUT HI to INPUT LO as shown in the following figure. Figure 19: Connections for resistance measurements 3-10 2110-901-01 Rev.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Frequency and period measurements The instrument measures frequency from 3 Hz to 300 kHz (or periods from 333 ms to 3.33 µs) using the AC voltage ranges (100 mV to 750 V) or AC current ranges (1 A, 3 A, or 10 A). Do not apply more than 1000 V (peak; measurement CAT II at maximum 600 V) to the instrument. Applying higher voltage is an electric shock hazard and could result in personal injury or death.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Connections for frequency and period measurements Figure 20: Connections for FREQ and PERIOD 2110-901-01 Rev.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Continuity measurements The instrument uses the 1 kΩ range and 5½-digit resolution to measure continuity. The instrument beeps when the test resistance is less than the threshold resistance. The default threshold resistance is 10 Ω, but can set from 1 Ω to 1 kΩ. The resistance value you set is stored in volatile memory and is lost when the instrument is turned off. The source current for continuity measurements is 1 mA.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Front-panel operation Perform the following steps to measure the threshold voltage of a diode: 1. Connect the diode to the instrument, as shown below. These connections forward-bias the diode. 2. Press the SHIFT key and then the CONT ( ) key to select the diode function. 3. To check or change the threshold voltage band, perform the following steps: a. Press the CONFIG key, and with VF-LOW displayed, press ENTER. b.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Temperature measurement For temperature measurements, the instrument supports resistance temperature detector (RTD) probes, NTC thermistors, and thermocouple sensors. In general, RTDs have a better accuracy and long-term stability than thermocouples. For the instrument, the default RTD sensor type is PT100. The default thermocouple sensor is type K.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Connections to measure temperature using an RTD The following figure shows how to connect RTD probes to the instrument. For the 3-wire probe, make sure to connect the SENSE LO terminal to the INPUT LO terminal. Source current flows from INPUT HI to INPUT LO as shown in the following figure. Figure 22: Connections for RTD measurements 3-18 2110-901-01 Rev.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation RTD coefficients and temperature calculation The table below shows the default coefficient values for the PT100, D100, F100, PT385, and PT3916 RTD sensors. For the Model 2110, these values are fixed and cannot be changed. However, if you need to use different coefficient values for these sensors, you can use the USER sensor type. The USER sensor type allows you to enter your own values.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Entering sensor coefficients There are three RTD sensor types that allow you to enter coefficient values for sensor parameters. The coefficients are provided with the documentation supplied by the manufacturer of the RTD. The following sensors allow you to enter coefficient values: • • • USER sensor NTCT sensor SPRTD sensor Perform the following steps to enter coefficient values: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Press the TEMP key.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Use the following commands to enter the parameter coefficients for the USER sensor: TEMPerature:RTD:RZERo = R-zero value TEMPerature:RTD:ALPHa = Alpha value TEMPerature:RTD:BETA = Beta value TEMPerature:RTD:DELTa = Delta value Use the following commands to enter the parameter coefficients for the SPRTD sensor: TEMPerature:SPRTd:RZERo = R-zero value TEMPerature:SPRTd:A4
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Thermocouple measurements The following table lists the temperature range for the supported thermocouple (TC) types: Thermocouple temperature measurement ranges Thermocouple type Temperature range (°C) Temperature range (°F) B C E J K (default) N R S T 600 to 1820 0 to 2316 -250 to 1000 -210 to 1200 -200 to 1372 -200 to 1300 0 to 1767 0 to 1767 -250 to 400 1112 to 3308 32 to 4200.8 -418 to 1832 -346 to 2192 -328 to 2501.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Front-panel operation Perform the following steps to configure the Model 2110 for thermocouple measurements: 1. Press the SHIFT key and then press TEMP (TCOUPL). 2. Select the sensor type (B, C, E, J, K, N, R, S, or T): a. Press CONFIG, and with TYPE displayed, press ENTER. b. Use the ◄ and ► keys to display a thermocouple type and press ENTER. 3. Select the temperature measurement units (°C, °F, or K). a.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Connections to measure capacitance Figure 24: Connections for capacitance Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Secondary measurement function The instrument provides dual measurement capability. When you enable the secondary measurement function, or second function (2ND), you make two measurements at the same time (series measurements). In the following table, the symbol (•) indicates which secondary symbol measurement functions are available for each primary measurement functIon and the indicates capacitance.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation To simultaneously measure DCI and DCV from the same input source, you must use three test leads, as shown in the following figure. The voltage and current measurements share the same common lead at the INPUT LO terminal. However, the resistance of the external LO test lead and the resistance of the internal current measurement LO circuit affect measurement accuracy.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Remote operation The following command is used to select a primary or secondary function: FUNction[1|2] "function" When you use the number one (1) or no number, the primary function is selected. When you use the number two (2), the secondary function is selected.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Front panel triggering There are two trigger modes for front panel operation: Auto triggering and external triggering. Auto triggering When the instrument is turned on, it goes into the auto triggering to perform continuous measurements. The reading rate depends on the trigger delay setting, integration time setting, and other instrument settings. See Setting sample count from the front panel (on page 3-33) to set the delay.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Measurements begin when the instrument leaves the Idle state and then receives a trigger while in the Wait-for-event state. The reading rate depends on the trigger delay setting, integration time setting, and other instrument settings. See Setting trigger delay using remote operation (on page 3-35) to set the trigger delay. Sample and trigger counters determine the number of measurements that are performed.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation External triggering The instrument is triggered by the TRIGGER key or a pulse received from an external source. After each measurement, the instrument provides an output pulse on the VM COMP (voltmeter complete) terminal. This output pulse can be used to trigger another instrument to perform additional operations.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual EXT TRIG terminal The EXT TRG (external trigger) terminal is located on the instrument's rear panel. Use this terminal to trigger the instrument by sending it a low-true pulse. In addition, you can trigger the instrument by connecting a simple switch to the EXT TRG terminal.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Sample count The sample count is the number of measurements (up to 2000) to perform each time the instrument is triggered. The sample count is stored in volatile memory. It defaults to one (1) when instrument power is turned off and then turned on again Setting sample count from the front panel Perform the following steps to set the sample count: 1. 2. 3. 4. Press the SHIFT and CONFIG (MENU) keys to display the MENU options.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Trigger delay A trigger delay is normally used to allow an input signal time to settle before making the measurement. Settling time is affected by the measurement range, test cable properties, and the signal source. The power-on default setting is auto delay. The auto delay period is determined by the selected combination of measurement function, range, integration time, and AC filter speed.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Setting trigger delay from the front panel When not using auto trigger delay, you can manually set the delay time from 0 to 3600 seconds (100 µs resolution). Your trigger delay time is stored in volatile memory; automatic trigger delay will be used when instrument power is turned off and then turned on again. To set trigger delay (auto or manual) from the front panel: 1. 2. 3. 4.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Setting reading hold from the front panel Reading hold is enabled by pressing SHIFT and then TRIGGER until the HOLD indicator turns on. To disable reading hold, press SHIFT again and then press TRIGGER (HOLD indicator turns off). Perform the following steps to change the sensitivity band for reading hold: 1. 2. 3. 4. Press the SHIFT and CONFIG (MENU) keys to display the MENU options.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Remote operation When the instrument is triggered to start performing measurements, it stores a specified number of measurement readings in the data buffer (memory). The total number of measurements the instrument takes is the product of the trigger count and sample count. See Sample count (on page 3-33) and Trigger count (on page 3-33) for details.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Autozero The instrument can correct for drifting by comparing the input signal to zero periodically. You can set this up to occur automatically or when requested. To set the instrument to compare to zero automatically, set autozero on. To only compare when requested, set autozero off. When the instrument zeroes the input signal, the input signal is measured and then zero is measured.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Range selection For best accuracy and resolution, always use an appropriate range to perform the measurement. With autorange enabled, the instrument will automatically select the optimum measurement range. Autorange is the power-on default setting. You can select a measurement range (or autorange) in a couple of ways: • • Use the front-panel keys to select a range or control autorange.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Resolution and integration time Integration time can be set for the following measurement functions: • • • Number of power line cycles (NPLC) can be set for the DCV, DCI, Ω2, and Ω4 functions. Bandwidth can be set for the ACV and ACI functions. Aperture can be set for the FREQ and PERIOD functions.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Integration time and resolution settings for DCV Display resolution Integration Measurement resolution (remote time operation) 4½ digits 0.001 PLC 0.0003 x full scale range 4½ digits 0.006 PLC 0.0002 x full scale range 4½ digits 0.02 PLC 0.0001 x full scale range 4½ digits 0.06 PLC 0.00005 x full scale range 5½ digits 0.2 PLC 0.00001 x full scale range 5½ digits 5½ digits 5½ digits 5½ digits 5½ digits 0.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value. Use the following commands to set the integration time: VOLTage[:DC]:NPLCycles CURRent[:DC]:NPLCycles RESistance:NPLCycles FRESistance:NPLCycles = 0.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Bandwidth and resolution for AC measurements An AC filter is used for ACV and ACI measurements. The AC filter affects measurement speed. As shown in the table below, there are three bandwidth settings for the AC filter: Slow, medium, and fast. The slow filter allows you to measure lower frequency inputs (down to 3Hz). The fast filter trades low frequency sensitivity for greater measurement speed.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Front-panel operation Perform the following steps to set the aperture (integration time): 1. Select the frequency or period measurement function: • To select frequency, press the FREQ key. • To select period, press FREQ and then CONFIG. With PERIOD displayed, press ENTER. 1. Select the FREQ or PERIOD measurement function. 2. Press the CONFIG key, use the ◄ and ► keys to display APERTURE, and then press ENTER. 3.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Digital filter The digital filter lets you set the filter response to stabilize noisy measurements. The instrument uses a digital filter, which is based on reading conversions. The displayed, stored, or transmitted reading is an average of a number of reading conversions (from 2 to 100). Filtered readings are stored in stack memory. There are two types of digital filter: Moving average and repeating average.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation When you enable math operations and your integration rate is faster than 0.6 PLC, the maximum reading rate is affected significantly. The maximum rates when math operations are enabled are as follows: • • • • • The 0.001 PLC rate is 6000 readings/s The 0.006 PLC rate is 4000 readings/s The 0.02 PLC rate is 2000 readings/s The 0.06 PLC rate is 800 readings/s The 0.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Remote operation Use the following commands to configure and control the average math function: CALCulate:FUNCtion AVERage Select the average math function CALCulate:STATe Enable or disable math operations = 0 or OFF Disable math = 1 or ON Enable math Use the following commands to acquire the count, minimum, maximum, and average readings: CALCulate:AVERage:MINimum? CALCulate:AVERage:MAXimum? CALCulate:AVERage:A
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Front-panel operation Perform the following steps to use a measured value as the null value: 1. Select and configure a measurement function. 2. Connect the null signal or device to the input of the instrument. To null out test-lead resistance, connect the test leads to the input and short them together. 3. Press the NULL key. The MATH indicator turns on and display reads zero (or near zero). 4.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Limits Limit testing allows you to set high and low limit values. When the reading falls outside these limits, the instrument beeps and displays the "HI" or "LO" message. The limit values are stored in volatile memory. The values are reset to zero when the instrument is turned off. Limits can be used with all measurements (except continuity and diode measurements).
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Front-panel operation Perform the following steps to use the mX+b function: 1. Press the SHIFT and NULL (MATH) keys. 2. Use the ◄ and ► keys to display MX+B and press ENTER. 3. Set the m and b values: a. b. c. d. e. Use the ◄ and ► keys to display SET M and press ENTER. Note that if you select the RUN menu option, mX+b is enabled with the present m and b values. Use the ◄, ►, ▲, and ▼ keys to set the m value.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual dBm The dBm math function is defined as decibels above or below a 1 mW reference. With a userprogrammable reference impedance, the instrument reads 0 dBm when the voltage needed to dissipate 1 mW through the reference impedance is applied.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 3: Basic DMM operation Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value.
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Section 3: Basic DMM operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Remote operation Commands that use the parameter can use the MINimum and MAXimum name parameters. MIN selects the minimum value and MAX selects the maximum value. Use the following commands to configure and control the dB math function: CALCulate:FUNCtion DB Select the dB math function CALCulate:DB:REFerence Set the relative value = 0 to 200.
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Section 4 Theory of operation In this section: AC voltage measurements and crest factor ............................. 4-1 DMM resistance measurement methods .................................. 4-3 Reference junctions ................................................................. 4-4 Accuracy calculations ...............................................................
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Section 4: Theory of operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Figure 32: RMS calculations and crest factor — square Figure 33: RMS calculations and crest factor — rectified square Figure 34: RMS calculations and crest factor — pulse Figure 35: RMS calculations and crest factor - triangular sawtooth The Model 2110 is an AC-coupled RMS instrument. For an AC waveform with DC content, the DC component is removed before the RMS is calculated.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 4: Theory of operation DMM resistance measurement methods The Model 2110 uses the constant-current method to measure resistance. The constant-current method sources a constant current (ISOUR) to the device under test (DUT) and measures the voltage (VMEAS). Resistance (RDUT) is then calculated and displayed using the known current and measured voltage (RDUT = VMEAS/ISOUR). The constant-current method is shown below.
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Section 4: Theory of operation Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Figure 37: Four-wire constant-current source method Reference junctions A reference junction is the cold junction in a thermocouple circuit that is held at a stable, known temperature. The cold junction is where dissimilar wire connections must be made.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 4: Theory of operation Accuracy calculations The following information discusses how to calculate accuracy for both DC and AC characteristics. Calculating DC and AC characteristics accuracy DC characteristics accuracy is calculated as follows: Accuracy = % of reading + % of range As an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits, assume that you are measuring 5V on the 10V range.
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Section 5 Remote commands In this section: Programming syntax ................................................................ 5-1 Common commands ................................................................ 5-4 Introduction to SCPI language ................................................. 5-9 SCPI signal-oriented measurement commands ..................... 5-13 SCPI command subsystem reference .................................... 5-19 CALCulate subsystem ................................................
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Long-form and short-form versions A SCPI command word can be sent in its long-form or short-form version. For example, this manual lists commands in the SCPI command subsystem reference (on page 5-19) topic using the long-form version. However, the short-form version is indicated by upper case characters.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands Braces Braces ( { } ) enclose the parameter choices for a given command string. The braces are not sent with the command string. Vertical bar A vertical bar ( | ) separates multiple parameter choices for a given command string. Using the MIN and MAX parameters You can substitute MINimum or MAXimum in place of a parameter for many commands.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual SCPI command terminators A command string sent to the instrument must terminate with a character. The IEEE-488.2 EOI (end-or-identify) message is interpreted as a character and can be used to terminate a command string in place of a character. A followed by a is also accepted. Command string termination will always reset the current SCPI command path to the root level.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands Common command reference This topic provides a detailed reference for all common commands. . *CLS — clear status This command clears the Status Byte Summary Register and all event registers. *ESE — event enable command This command enables bits in the Standard Event Enable Register. The selected bits are then reported to the Status Byte.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual *IDN? — identification query This query command reads the instrument's identification code. Usage *IDN? Details The identification code includes the manufacturer, model number, serial number, and firmware revision level and is sent in a format consisting of four fields delimited by commas as follows: manufacturer model serial number firmware revision level Format: x.xx-yy-zz Where: x.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands *PSC — power-on status clear This command enables or disables the power-on status clear function. Usage *PSC 0 *PSC 1 Details When *PSC 1 is in effect, the Status Byte and Standard Event Register enable masks are cleared when power is turned on. *PSC 1 is the default. When *PSC 0 is in effect, the Status Byte and Standard Event Register enable masks are not cleared when power is turned on.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual *SRE — service request enable command This command sets or clears the individual bits of the Service Request Enable Register. Usage *SRE 1 *SRE 32 Details The individual bits of the Service Request Enable Register can be set or cleared by using the *SRE common command. To read the Service Request Enable Register, use the *SRE? query command.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands Introduction to SCPI language Topic overview This section contains reference information on programming the Model 2110 with the SCPI commands.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual String parameters String parameters can contain virtually any set of ASCII characters. A string must begin and end with matching quotes; either with a single quote or with a double quote. You can include the quote delimiter as part of the string by typing it twice without any characters in between.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands Single command messages The above command structure has three levels. The first level is made up of the root command (:STATus) and serves as a path. The second level is made up of another path (:QUESTionable) and a command (:PRESet). The third level of the structure is occupied by the ENABle and EVENt commands.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Using common commands and SCPI commands in the same message Both common commands and SCPI commands can be used in the same message as long as they are separated by semicolons (;). A common command can be executed at any command level and will not affect the path pointer.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands Format Output data will be in one of the following formats. < 80 ASCII character string SD.DDDDDDDDESDD SD.DDDDDDDDESDD,...,..., SD.DDDDDDDDESDD SD.DDDDDDDDESDD,...,...
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual :CONFigure: [|MIN|MAX|DEF,|MIN|MAX|DEF] This command configures the instrument to a specific setup for a specified measurement function. This command does not initiate the measurement. The :READ? command can be used to trigger a measurement. You can also use the INIT;:FETC? command. Parameters All and parameters also include MIN, MAX, and DEF.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands Query Command CONFigure? Description Query the selected function. Details The CONFigure command offers a little more flexibility than the MEASure? command. The multimeter sets the parameters for the requested function, range and resolution. You have an option to change the configuration. The CONFigure command does not initiate the measurement. To initiate the measurement, use INITiate or READ? command.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual :FETCh[1|2]? The FETCh? command transfers readings to the instrument’s output buffer. The INITiate command is used to store readings in the instrument’s internal memory. Variations FETCh1? FETCh2? Stored readings from the primary measurement function are transferred to the output buffer. Stored readings from the secondary measurement function are transferred to the output buffer.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands :READ[1|2]? The READ? command changes the state of the trigger system from the idle state to the wait-for-trigger state. When the specified trigger condition requirements are met after the instrument receives the READ? command, the measurement is initiated. The result is sent to the output buffer immediately.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual :MEASure[:]? |MIN|MAX|DEF,|MIN|MAX|DEF This command configures the specified function, range, and resolution, and then returns a single measurement. Parameters All and parameters also include MIN, MAX, and DEF. N/A indicates that the and/or parameters are not applicable for the .
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands Example MEASure:VOLT[:DC]? 10,0.001 MEAS:CURR:AC? 1,1E-5 Measure 4 ½ digits on the 10 Vdc range. Measure 5 ½ digits on the 1 A range. Also see :INITiate (on page 5-16) :READ[1|2]? (on page 5-17) :FETCh[1|2]? (on page 5-16) :CONFigure: [|MIN|MAX|DEF,|MIN|MAX|DEF] (on page 5-14) SCPI command subsystem reference The following SCPI subsystems are available on the Model 2110.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual CALCulate subsystem summary Command Description :CALCulate :FUNCtion Path to configure math calculations. Specify math function: PERCent, AVERage, NULL, LIMit, MXB, DB, or DBM. :FUNCtion? Query the present math function. Returns PERC, AVER, NULL, LIM, MXB, DB or DBM. :STATe Enable or disable calculation for the specified math function. Where: 0 = off and 1 = on. :STATe? Query state of math function.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands DISPlay subsystem summary Command :DISPlay :DISPlay:TEXT :DISPlay:TEXT:CLEar :DISPlay? Description Turn on or off front panel display. Where: 0 = off and 1 = on. Define ASCII message “a” (up to 16 characters in length). The message will display on the secondary display. Clear the message shown on the front panel display. Query the display setting. Returns 0 (off) or 1 (on).
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Section 5: Remote commands Command :NPLCycles |MIN|MAX :NPLCycles?[MIN|MAX] :VOLTage:AC :RANGe |MIN|MAX ? [MIN|MAX] :AUTO :AUTO? :RESolution |MIN|MAX :RESolution? :CURRent:AC :RANGe |MIN|MAX ? [MIN|MAX] :AUTO :AUTO? :RESolution |MIN|MAX :RESolution? [MIN|MAX] :CURRent[:DC] :RANGe |MIN|MAX ? [MIN|MAX] :AUTO :AUTO? :RESolution |MIN|MAX :RESolution ? :NPLCycles MIN|MAX :NPLCycles? [MIN|MAX] :RESistance :RANGe |MIN|MAX ? [MIN|MAX] :AUTO :AUTO? :RESolution |MI
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Command :NPLCycles |MIN|MAX :NPLCycles? :FRESistance :RANGe |MIN|MAX ? [MIN|MAX] :AUTO :AUTO? :RESolution |MIN|MAX :RESolution? [MIN|MAX] :NPLCycles MIN|MAX :NPLCycles? [MIN|MAX] :FREQuency :VOLTage :RANGe |MIN|MAX ? [MIN|MAX] :AUTO :AUTO? :CURRent :RANGe |MIN|MAX ? [MIN|MAX :APERture |MIN|MAX :APERture? [MIN|MAX] :PERiod :VOLTage :RANGe |MIN|MAX ? [MIN|MAX] :AUTO :AUTO? :CURRent :RANGe |MIN|MAX ? [MIN|MAX :APERture
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Section 5: Remote commands Command Description :RSELect? :SIMulated |MIN|MAX :SIMulated? [MIN|MAX] :REAL |MIN|MAX :REAL? [MIN|MAX] :TEMPerature :RTD :TYPE :TYPE? :RZERo |MIN|MAX :RZERo? :ALPHa |MIN|MAX :ALPHa? :BETA |MIN|MAX :BETA? :DELTa |MIN|MAX :DELTa? :SPRTD :RZERo |MIN|MAX :RZERo? :A4 |MIN|MAX :A4? [MIN|MAX] :B4 |MIN|MAX :B4? [MIN|MAX] :AX |MIN|MAX :AX? [MIN|MAX] :BX |MIN|MAX :BX? [MIN|MAX] :CX |MIN|MAX :CX? [MIN|MAX] :DX |MIN|MAX :DX? [MIN|MAX] :TRANsdu
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Command Section 5: Remote commands Description Query auto zero. Returns 0 (off) or 1 (on). ONCE returns 0 (off). Path to configure average. Specify MOVing or REPeat. Query average type. Specify count (value). Query count. Specify ON or OFF. Query state. Returns 0 (off) or 1 (on).
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual TRIGger subsystem summary Command TRIGger :SOURce :SOURce? :COUNt MIN|MAX|DEF|INF :COUNt? :DELay |MIN|MAX|DEF :DELay? [MIN|MAX|DEF] :AUTO :AUTO? :SAMPle :COUNt |MIN|MAX|DEF :COUNt? [MIN|MAX|DEF] 5-26 Description Specify a trigger source. The instrument will accept a software (BUS) trigger, an immediate internal trigger (IMMediate), or a hardware trigger from the rear-panel (EXT TRIG) terminal.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands CALCulate subsystem The commands in this subsystem configure and control the Calculate subsystems and are summarized in CALCulate subsystem summary (on page 5-20). There are seven math operations. Only one of them can be enabled at a time. They either store data for later use or perform mathematical operations on the readings. See Math operations (on page 348) for more details.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual CALCulate:DB:REFerence |MIN|MAX This command stores a relative value in the dB Relative Register. You must turn on the math operation before writing to the math register. Parameters parameters MINimum MAXimum description Set the dB value to any value between -200 and 200. Set value to the minimum. Set value to the maximum.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands CALCulate:FUNCtion This command configures the math function for the calculate commands. You can only select one function at a time. Parameters PERCent AVERage NULL LIMit MXB DB DBM Description Select percent math calculation. Select average math calculation. Select the null feature. Select the limits feature to configure and control limits testing. Select mX+b polynomial math calculation.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual CALCulate:LIMit:UPPer |MIN|MAX This command is used to specify the upper limit for limit testing. The actual limit depends on which measurement function is currently selected. For example, a limit value of 1 is 1 V for the volts functions (DCV or ACV), 1 A for the current functions (DCI or ACI), 1 Ω on the ohms functions (2-wire or 4-wire), and 1 (C, F, or K) for the temperature function. A limit value is not range sensitive.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands CALCulate:MXB:MMFactor |MIN|MAX This command defines the m factor for the mX+b calculation. Parameters description -1e6 to 1e6 MINimum MAXimum Set a value for m. Set value to the minimum. Set value to the maximum. Query command description Query the value of m. Query the minimum value of m. Query the maximum value of m.
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Section 5: Remote commands MINimum MAXimum Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Set to minimum value. Set to maximum value. Query command description CALCulate:PERCent:TARGet? CALCulate:PERCent:TARGet? MIN CALCulate:PERCent:TARGet? MAX Query the target value for percent math function. Query the target minimum value for percent math function. Query the target maximum value for percent math function. CALCulate:STATe Turn the selected math function on or off.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands DISPlay subsystem The display subsystem controls the display of the instrument and is summarized in DISPlay subsystem summary (on page 5-21). DISPlay This command enables or disables the display. Parameters description 0 or OFF 1 or ON Turn measurement display off. Turn measurement display on. Query command DISPlay? description Query state of measurement display. Returns 0 (off) or 1 (on).
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual DISPlay:TEXT:CLEar This command clears text messages from the secondary display. Parameters command description DISPlay:Text:CLEar Clears the message. Example Clears the message. DISPlay:TEXT:CLEar SENSe subsystem The sense subsystem controls measurement configuration and is summarized in SENSe subsystem summary (on page 5-21).
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]AVERage:STATe Use this command to turn the digital filter on or off. Parameters description 0 or OFF 1 or ON Turn the digital filter off. Turn the digital filter on. Query command description [SENSe:]AVERage:STATe? Query the state of the digital filter. Returns 0 (off) or 1 (on). Details Refer to Digital filter (on page 3-47) for more information about using this command.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]CAPacitance:RANGe |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the capacitance range. Parameters description 0 to 10e-3 MINimum MAXimum Specify the value of the expected capacitance reading. Select the minimum value. Select the maximum value. Query command description [SENSe:]CAPacitance:RANGe [SENSe:]CAPacitance:RANGe? MIN [SENSe:]CAPacitance:RANGe? MAX Query the capacitance range. Query the minimum capacitance range.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]CURRent:AC:RANGe |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the function (ACI) and set a measurement range. Parameters description 0 to 10 MINimum MAXimum Select the measurement range in amps. Select the minimum value. Select the maximum value. Query command description [SENSe:]CURRent:AC:RANGe? [SENSe:]CURRent:AC:RANGe? MIN [SENSe:]CURRent:AC:RANGe? MAX Query the measurement range. Query the minimum range.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]CURRent[:DC]:NPLCycles |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the integration time for DC current measurements. Integration time for DCI measurements is expressed as the number of power line cycles (NPLC). Parameters description 0.001 0.006 0.02 0.06 0.2 0.6 1 2 10 100 MINimum MAXimum Select 0.001 NPLC. Select 0.006 NPLC. Select 0.02 NPLC. Select 0.06 NPLC. Select 0.2 NPLC. Select 0.6 NPLC. Select 1 NPLC.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]CURRent[:DC]:RESolution |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the resolution for DC current measurements (DCI). When you set the resolution, the instrument automatically updates the integration time. Parameters description (3.00e-07 to 3.00e-04) * DCI range MINimum MAXimum Select the resolution of the measurement. Select the minimum value. Select the maximum value.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]CURRent[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO This command turns DC current autorange on or off. Parameters description 0 or OFF 1 or ON Turn autorange off. Turn autorange on. Query command description CURRent[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO? Query autorange state. [SENSe:]DETector:BANDwidth |MIN|MAX Use this command to specify the lowest frequency expected in the input signal.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]FRESistance:NPLCycles |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the integration time for 4-wire measurements. Integration time for 4-wire measurements is expressed as the number of power line cycles (NPLC). Parameters description 0.001 0.006 0.02 0.06 0.2 0.6 1 2 10 100 MINimum MAXimum Select 0.001 NPLC. Select 0.006 NPLC. Select 0.02 NPLC. Select 0.06 NPLC. Select 0.2 NPLC. Select 0.6 NPLC. Select 1 NPLC.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]FRESistance:RANGe:AUTO This command turns autorange on or off for Ω4. Parameters description 0 or OFF 1 or ON Turn autorange off. Turn autorange on. Query command description [SENSe:]FRESistance:RANGe:AUTO? Query Ω4 autorange state. [SENSe:]FRESistance:RESolution |MIN|MAX Use this command to set a measured resolution for 4-wire (Ω4) measurements.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]FREQuency:APERture |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the aperture time for frequency function. For frequency and period measurements, aperture time is analogous to integration time. Parameters description 0.01 second 0.1 second 1 second MINimum MAXimum 4½-digit resolution. 5½-digit resolution. 5½-digit resolution. Select the minimum value. Select the maximum value.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the voltage range for the frequency function. Parameters description 0 to 750 MINimum MAXimum Set AC voltage range for frequency function. Select the minimum value. Select the maximum value. Query command description [SENSe:]FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe? [SENSe:]FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe? MIN [SENSe:]FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe? MAX Query the measurement range.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]FUNCtion [1|2] "" This command selects the measurement function listed in the function parameter. You can also use this command to turn off the secondary display.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]PERiod:APERture |MIN|MAX Use this command to set the aperture time for period function. For frequency and period measurements, aperture time is analogous to integration time. Parameters description 0.01 0.1 1 4½-digit resolution. 5½-digit resolution. 5½-digit resolution. Query command description [SENSe:]PERiod:APERture? [SENSe:]PERiod:APERture? MIN [SENSe:]PERiod:APERture? MAX Query the aperture time.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO This command turns autorange on or off for the period voltage function. Parameters description 0 or OFF 1 or ON Turn autorange off. Turn autorange on. Query command description [SENSe:]PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO? Query autorange state. [SENSe:]RESistance:RANGe |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the measure range for the 2-wire resistance function.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]RESistance:RESolution |MIN|MAX Use this command to set a measurement resolution for 2-wire (Ω2) resistance measurements. When you set the resolution, the instrument automatically updates the integration time. Parameters description (3.00e-07 to 3.00e-04) * Ω2 range Select the resolution of the measurement. MINimum Select the minimum value. MAXimum Select the maximum value.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]RESistance:NPLCycles |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the integration time for 2-wire resistance measurements. Integration time for 2-wire measurements is expressed as the number of power line cycles (NPLC). Parameters description 0.001 0.006 0.02 0.06 0.2 0.6 1 2 10 100 MINimum MAXimum Select 0.001 NPLC. Select 0.006 NPLC. Select 0.02 NPLC. Select 0.06 NPLC. Select 0.2 NPLC. Select 0.6 NPLC. Select 1 NPLC.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]TCOuple:RJUNction:RSELect Use this command to select a reference junction type, real or simulated. Parameters description REAL SIMulated Select a real reference junction type. Select a simulated reference junction type. Query command description [SENSe:]TCOuple:RJUNction:RSELect? Query the reference junction type, real or simulated.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]TCOuple:TYPE Use this command to select thermocouple sensor type. Parameters description B C E J K N R S T Thermocouple type B. Thermocouple type C. Thermocouple type E. Thermocouple type J. Thermocouple type K. Thermocouple type N. Thermocouple type R. Thermocouple type S. Thermocouple type T. Query command [SENSe:]TCOuple:TYPE? description Query thermocouple sensor type. Returns type parameter.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]TEMPerature:NTCT:A |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the A coefficient for the NTCT type. Parameters description 0 to 0.01 MINimum MAXimum Select the A coefficient. Select the minimum coefficient. Select the maximum coefficient. Query command description [SENSe:]TEMPerature:NTCT:A? [SENSe:]TEMPerature:NTCT:A? MIN [SENSe:]TEMPerature:NTCT:A? MAX Query the A coefficient for the NTCT type.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]TEMPerature:NTCT:C |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the C coefficient for the NTCT type. Parameters description 0 to 0.01 MINimum MAXimum Select the C coefficient. Select the minimum coefficient. Select the maximum coefficient. Query command description [SENSe:]TEMPerature:NTCT:C? [SENSe:]TEMPerature:NTCT:C? MIN [SENSe:]TEMPerature:NTCT:C? MAX Query the C coefficient for the NTCT type.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]TEMPerature:RTD:BETA |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the beta coefficient for the user-defined RTD type. Parameters description 0 to 1 MINimum MAXimum Select the beta coefficient. Select the minimum coefficient. Select the maximum coefficient.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]TEMPerature:RTD:TYPE Use this command to select the RTD sensor type for temperature measurement with RTD. Parameters description PT100 D100 F100 PT385 PT3916 USER SPRTD NTCT Select RTD type PT100. Select RTD type D100. Select RTD type F100. Select RTD type PT385. Select RTD type PT3916. Select RTD type USER. Select RTD type SPRTD. Select RTD type NTCT.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:RZERo |MIN|MAX Use this command to set the sensor R coefficient at 0 degrees Celsius. Parameters description 10 to 1000 MINimum MAXimum Select sensor R coefficient at 0 degrees Celsius. Select the minimum value. Select the maximum value. Query command description [SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:RZERo? Query the sensor R value at 0 degrees Celsius.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:B4 |MIN|MAX Use this command to set the B4 coefficient for the SPRTD sensor. Parameters parameter description -1.1 to +1.1 MINimum MAXimum B4 coefficient. Select the minimum coefficient. Select the maximum coefficient. Query command description [SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:B4? Query the sensor B4 coefficient.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:BX |MIN|MAX Use this command to set the BX coefficient for the SPRTD sensor. Parameters description -1.1 to +1.1 MINimum MAXimum Select the BX coefficient for the SPRTD sensor. Select the minimum coefficient. Select the maximum coefficient. Query command description [SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:AX? Query the sensor BX coefficient.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:DX |MIN|MAX Use this command to set the DX coefficient for the SPRTD sensor. Parameters description -1.1 to +1.1 MINimum MAXimum Select the DX coefficient for the SPRTD sensor. Select the minimum coefficient. Select the maximum coefficient. Query command description [SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:DX? Query the sensor DX coefficient.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]UNIT Use this command to select units for temperature measurement. Parameters description Cel Far K Celsius Fahrenheit Kelvin Query command description Query unit sensor type. Returns type. [SENSe:]UNIT? Details Select units for temperature measurement.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]VOLTage:AC:RANGe:AUTO This command turns autorange on or off for AC voltage measurements. Parameters description 0 or OFF 1 or ON Turn autorange off. Turn autorange on. Query command description [SENSe:]VOLTage:AC:RANGe:AUTO? Query AC voltage autorange state. [SENSe:]VOLTage:AC:RESolution |MIN|MAX Use this command to select resolution for AC voltage measurements (ACV). Parameters description (1.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe MIN|MAX Use this command to select the measurement range for the DCV function. Parameters description -1000 to 1000 MINimum MAXimum Select the measurement range in volts. Select the minimum value. Select the maximum value. Query command description [SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe? [SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe? MIN [SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe? MAX Query the measurement range. Query the minimum range.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands [SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:NPLCycles |MIN|MAX Use this command to select the integration time for voltage measurements. Integration time for DCV measurements is expressed as the number of power line cycles (NPLC). Parameters description 0.001 0.006 0.02 0.06 0.2 0.6 1 2 10 100 MINimum MAXimum Select 0.001 NPLC. Select 0.006 NPLC. Select 0.02 NPLC. Select 0.06 NPLC. Select 0.2 NPLC. Select 0.6 NPLC. Select 1 NPLC. Select 2 NPLC.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual [SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:RESolution |MIN|MAX Use this command to select resolution for DC voltage measurements (DCV). Parameters description (3.00e-07 to 3.00e-04) * DCV range MINimum MAXimum Select the resolution of the measurement. Select the minimum value. Select the maximum value.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands SYSTem subsystem The SYSTem subsystem contains miscellaneous commands that are summarized in SYSTem subsystem summary (on page 5-25). :BEEPer This command turns the beeper on or off for limit tests, diode tests, and reading hold. Parameters description 0 or OFF 1 or ON Turn beeper off. Turn beeper on. Query command BEEPer? description Query the state of the beeper. Returns 0 (off) or 1 (on).
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual SYSTem:IDNStr Use this command to change the identification string. Parameters description "MANUFACTURER,PRODUCT" The identification string. No more than 39 characters. Details To query the identification string, use *IDN?. Make sure that the DMM is in compatible mode (see Selecting the language (on page 2-23) for details). SYSTem:LOCal Place the instrument in the local mode.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands TRIGger subsystem The commands in this subsystem configure and control the trigger operations and are summarized in TRIGger subsystem summary (on page 5-26). When the instrument is triggered to start performing measurements, it stores a specified number of measurement readings in the data buffer (memory). The total number of measurements the instrument takes is the product of the trigger count and sample count.
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Section 5: Remote commands Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual TRIGger:COUNt |MIN|MAX|INFinite Use this command to specify the number of triggers the instrument will accept before returning to the “idle” state. Select from 1 to 50,000 triggers. Trigger count is ignored while in local operation. Parameters description 1 to 50,000 MINimum MAXimum INFinite Select value for the number of triggers. Select the minimum value. Select the maximum value.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 5: Remote commands TRIGger:DELay:AUTO Turn automatic trigger delay on or off. The delay is determined by function, range, integration time, and AC filter setting. Specifying a delay time automatically turns off the automatic trigger delay. Parameters description Turn selected automatic trigger delay off. Turn automatic trigger delay on. 0 or OFF 1 or ON Query command description TRIGger:DELay:AUTO? Query the automatic trigger delay mode.
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Section 6 Troubleshooting guide In this section: Troubleshooting ....................................................................... 6-1 Running a self-test ................................................................... 6-2 Error codes............................................................................... 6-3 Troubleshooting This section provides information to help you troubleshoot problems with your instrument. Refer to the following Websites for information about your instrument: 1.
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Section 6: Troubleshooting guide Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Running a self-test Self-test procedures are built into the Model 2110 for checking that the logic and measurement hardware are functioning properly. Every time the instrument is powered on, these test procedures are performed to make sure the basic functions of the instrument work properly.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 6: Troubleshooting guide Error codes Errors are retrieved in first-in-first-out (FIFO) order. The first error returned is the first error that was stored. When you have read all errors from the queue, the ERROR indicator turns off. The instrument beeps once each time an error occurs.
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Section 6: Troubleshooting guide Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Error code Type Description -213 Init Ignored EE -214 Trigger deadlock EE -221 Settings conflict EE An INITiate command was received but could not be executed because a measurement was already in progress. Send a device clear to halt a measurement in progress and place the meter in the idle state. A trigger deadlock occurs when the trigger source is BUS and a READ? command is received.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 6: Troubleshooting guide Error code Type Description 603 Front-End MCU does not respond ST 604 A/D noisy test failed ST 605 N2 calibration parameter failed: 606 N3 calibration parameter failed: 607 Buffer1 offset out of range ST 608 Buffer2 offset out of range ST 609 DC gain x1 failed ST 610 DC gain x10 failed ST 611 DC gain x100 failed ST 612 Ohms 500 nA source failed ST 613 Ohms 5 uA source failed ST 614 DC 1000V zero failed S
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Section 6: Troubleshooting guide 6-6 Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Error code Type Description 619 Ohms 1 mA source failed ST 620 AC rms zero failed ST 621 AC rms full scale failed ST 624 Unable to sense line frequency EE ST 640 Meas setting failed 641 Meas reading failed 642 Board Protect failed EE EE EE 650 Panel failed 651 Panel Program Checksum Error EE EE This test configures to the 1000 V DC range with the internal 10 M 100:1 divider R204 connected across the input.
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Section 7 Next steps In this section: Additional Model 2110 information ........................................... 7-1 Additional Model 2110 information This manual has prepared you to start using your new Model 2110 instrument. For additional information on the Model 2110, refer to: • The Product Information CD-ROM (ships with the product): Contains software tools, drivers, and product documentation. • The Keithley Instruments website (http://www.keithley.
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Section 7: Next steps 7-2 Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual 2110-901-01 Rev.
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Appendix A Maintenance In this appendix: Introduction...............................................................................A-1 Line fuse replacement ..............................................................A-1 Current input fuse replacement ................................................A-3 Upgrading the firmware ............................................................A-4 Introduction This section provides maintenance information and procedures that can be performed by the operator.
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Appendix A: Maintenance Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Figure 38: Plug in power switch Perform the following steps to replace the line fuse: To prevent injury, death, or instrument damage, use only the correct fuse type. 1. Power-off the instrument and remove the line cord. 2. The voltage selector container is located next to the AC receptacle. A small tab is located on the top of the container. Using a thin-bladed knife or a screwdriver, pry this tab away from the AC receptacle. 3.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix A: Maintenance 4. Snap the fuse out of voltage selector container and replace it with the same type. Figure 40: Removing a broken fuse 5. Push the voltage selector container back into the module. If the power line fuse continues to blow, a circuit malfunction exists and must be corrected. Return the unit to Keithley Instruments for repair.
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Appendix A: Maintenance Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual As shown in the following figure, the current input fuses are located in the current input terminals. Perform the following steps to replace a blown fuse: 1. 2. 3. 4. Push in the fuse holder and turn it to the right until it releases. Pull out the fuse holder to expose the current input fuse. Remove the blown fuse and replace it with the same fuse type and rating. Reinsert the fuse holder, turning it to the left as you push it in.
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Appendix B Status model In this appendix: Overview ..................................................................................B-1 Clearing registers and queues..................................................B-3 Programming enable registers .................................................B-3 Reading registers .....................................................................B-3 Status byte and service request (SRQ) ....................................B-4 Status register sets ....................
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Appendix B: Status model Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Error Queue and Output Buffer The instrument uses an Output Buffer and an Error Queue. The response messages to query commands are placed in the Output Buffer. As various programming errors and status messages occur, they are placed in the Error Queue. When a queue contains data, it sets the appropriate summary bit of the Status Byte Register. Figure 42: Status model B-2 2110-901-01 Rev.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix B: Status model Clearing registers and queues When the instrument is turned on, the bits of all registers in the status structure are cleared (reset to 0), and the queue and buffer are empty. Commands to reset the Event and Event Enable registers, and the Error Queue, are listed in the following table. In addition to these commands, any enable register can be reset by sending the 0 parameter value with the individual command to program the register.
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Appendix B: Status model Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Status byte and service request (SRQ) Service request is controlled by two 8-bit registers: The Status Byte Register and the Status Byte Enable Register. Status Byte Register The summary messages from the status registers and queues are used to set or clear the appropriate bits (B2, B3, B4, and B5) of the Status Byte Register.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix B: Status model Service request The generation of a service request is controlled by the Status Byte Enable Register. This register is programmed by you and is used to enable or disable the setting of bit B6 (RQS) by the Status Summary Message bits (B2, B3, B4, and B5) of the Status Byte Register. The summary bits are logically ANDed (&) with the corresponding enable bits of the Status Byte Enable Register.
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Appendix B: Status model Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Status structure Using serial polling and SRQ Any enabled event summary bit that goes from 0 to 1 will set bit B6 and generate a SRQ (service request). In your test program, you can periodically read the Status Byte to check if an SRQ has occurred, and what caused it. If an SRQ occurs, the program can, for example, branch to an appropriate subroutine that will service the request.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix B: Status model Knowing when a command sequence is finished Use the following commands to find out when a command sequence has finished. 1. Send a DCL general bus command to clear the Output Buffer and bus controller. 2. Send a *CLS command to clear all bits in the Event Register. 3. Send a *ESE 1 command to instruct the instrument to set the ESB bit in the Status Byte when the OPC event in the ESR is set. 4.
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Appendix B: Status model Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Status register sets There are two status register sets in the status structure of the instrument: Standard Event Status and Questionable Event Status. Standard Event Register The bit definition of the Standard Event Register is shown in the following table. You will have to use the *ESE command and the appropriate decimal value for each bit to set the enable register mask.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix B: Status model Standard Event Register Bit Definition Decimal value Description 0 Operation Complete 1 Set bit indicates that all pending selected device operations are completed and the instrument is ready to accept new commands. This bit only sets in response to the *OPC command. See *OPC — operation complete command (on page 5-6) and *OPC? — operation complete query (on page 5-6) for details. 1 2 Not used.
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Appendix B: Status model Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Questionable Data Register The Questionable Data Register indicates when measurements result in any of the following conditions by setting the appropriate bit: • • • • Voltage range overload Current range overload Out-of-limit conditions Ohms overload All of the set bits are summarized to the Questionable Summary Bit (QSB) (B3). A set summary bit indicates that an enabled questionable event has occurred.
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Appendix C Communication interface In this appendix: Communication interfaces .......................................................
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Appendix C: Communication interface Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual ® The full version of National Instruments (NI ) VISA provides a utility to create a USB driver for any other kind of USB device that you want to communicate with VISA. For more information, see the NI VISA website (see National Instruments VISA site - http://www.ni.com). Communicate with the instrument TM To communicate with the USB device, you need to use NI-VISA .
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix C: Communication interface Figure 44: Select Communication Bus dialog box 4. Select USB. 5. Click Next. The Select Instrument Driver dialog box is displayed. Figure 45: Select Instrument Driver dialog box 6. Select Auto-detect Instrument Driver - Model. 7. Click Next. The Configure USB Instrument dialog box is displayed with the detected instrument VISA resource string displayed. 2110-901-01 Rev.
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Appendix C: Communication interface Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual 8. Click Next. The Name Virtual Instrument dialog box is displayed. Figure 46: Name Virtual Instrument dialog box 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. C-4 In the Virtual Instrument Name box, enter a name that you want to use to refer to the instrument. Click Finish. Click Cancel to close the Wizard. Save the configuration. From the Configuration Utility, select File > Save.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix C: Communication interface Figure 47: Keithley Communicator Open Instrument 14. Click OK. 15. Send a command to the instrument and see if it responds. If you have a full version of NI VISA on your system, you can run NI-MAX or the VISA Interactive Utility. See their documentation for information. If you have the Agilent IO Libraries on your system, you can run Agilent Connection Expert to check out your USB instruments.
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Appendix C: Communication interface Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Figure 48: USB connector Contact number Signal name Typical wiring assignment Description 1 2 3 5 VBUS DD+ GND Red White Green Black Floating Limit Test Pass Limit Test Fail GND If you turn off the USB interface, the Pass/Fail output function will turn on automatically. If you want to use the Pass/Fail signal output, you must use the GPIB interface for remote control.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix C: Communication interface Additional USB information This section provides further details and more advanced information about the USB bus and test-and-measurement instruments. Connecting multiple USB instruments to the computer The most convenient way to connect USB instrumentation to the computer is to plug a USB cable directly from the instrument to the computer.
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Appendix C: Communication interface Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Communication with the instrument The GPIB driver software you installed installs an interactive dumb terminal program that allows you to send commands to the instrument. The program directly calls the GPIB driver support libraries. For the KPCI-488LPA and KUSB-488B GPIB controller from Keithley Instruments, the configuration utility is called the KI-488 Diagnostic Tool.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix C: Communication interface GPIB reference General bus commands General commands are commands that have the same general meaning, regardless of the instrument (for example, DCL). The following table lists the general bus commands. General bus commands Command Effect on Model 2110 REN Goes into remote operation when next addressed to listen. See REN (on page C-9) for details. Goes into talker and listener idle states.
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Appendix C: Communication interface Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual DCL Use the device clear (DCL) command to clear the GPIB interface and return it to a known state. Note that the DCL command is not an addressed command, so all instruments equipped to implement DCL will do so simultaneously.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix C: Communication interface For the KUSB-488A GPIB controller from Keithley Instruments, the configuration utility is called GPIB Configuration. It is available from the Windows Start Menu at Keithley Instruments > GPIB-488 > GPIB Configuration. TM For National Instruments (NI ) GPIB controllers, you can use NI-MAX. Start NI-MAX.
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Appendix C: Communication interface Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual VXIPnP drivers VXI (Vixie) plug-and-play (VXIPnP) style drivers are Win32 DLLs that have some standard functions defined by the VXIPnP Alliance, such as: • • • • • • • • • init close error_message reset self_test Read Initiate Fetch Abort The application programming interface (API) was defined so that users of instruments would have a familiar API from instrument to instrument.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix C: Communication interface Instrument driver examples All Keithley drivers come with examples written in several programming languages that show you how to do the most common things with the instruments. ® ® Install the driver. The examples are in the Microsoft Windows Start menu, under Keithley Instruments > Model Number (where Model Number is the instrument model number).
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Appendix C: Communication interface Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Keithley I/O layer The Keithley I/O Layer (KIOL) is a software package that contains several utilities and drivers. It is mainly used as a supplement to IVI drivers, or application software like Test Script Builder (TSB).
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix C: Communication interface How to uninstall previous versions of the Keithley I/O Layer If you have an earlier version of the Keithley I/O Layer software installed on your computer, you must uninstall it. To uninstall the Keithley I/O layer: 1. From the Control Panel, select Add/Remove Programs. 2.
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Appendix C: Communication interface Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual To install the Keithley I/O Layer from the Keithley website: 1. Download the Keithley I/O Layer Software from the Keithley Instruments website (http://www.keithley.com) as described in the note. The software is a single compressed file and should be downloaded to a temporary directory. 2. Run the downloaded file from the temporary directory. 3. Follow the instructions on the screen to install the software. 4.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix C: Communication interface 5. Uninstall other versions of VISA by selecting the appropriate entry from the Control Panel Add/Remove Programs Wizard list. 6. Restart the Keithley I/O Layer software installation. 7. If the pre-existing version of VISA was supplied by Tektronix or Agilent (as displayed in the warning message), you may safely reinstall that version of VISA once Keithley I/O Layer software installation is complete.
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Appendix C: Communication interface Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Addressing instruments with VISA VISA allows you to communicate with the instrument on different communication buses by changing a resource string that gets passed in with the viOpen function, in VISA-C, or with the Open method on the VISA-COM resource manager object. For detailed information about the format of the resource string, refer to the VISA specification VPP4.
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix C: Communication interface Addressing instruments through GPIB There are two different resource classes in VISA for the GPIB bus. INSTR is the basic class that everyone uses. It allows application software to send and receive data and commands without dealing with some low level GPIB nuances. This class is recommended for typical GPIB communication. The INTFC class allows finer control over the GPIB controller card in the computer.
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Appendix C: Communication interface Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual VISA-C sample code The following is a simple C/C++ console application that reads back the instrument identification string using VISA-C. You need to include visa.h and link with the visa32.lib file. #include "stdafx.h" #include
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Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Appendix C: Communication interface VISA-COM sample code This example gets the instrument identification string using VISA-COM in C#. The first thing to do is add a reference to the VISA-COM interop DLL, which is usually located at C:\Program Files\IVI Foundation\VISA\VisaCom\Primary Interop Assemblies\Ivi.Visa.Interop.dll. using Ivi.Visa.Interop; namespace WindowsApplication1 { public class IdnSample: System.Windows.Forms.Form { private Ivi.Visa.Interop.
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Specifications are subject to change without notice. All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. Keithley Instruments, Inc. Corporate Headquarters • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 • 1-888-KEITHLEY • www.keithley.