KERN & Sohn GmbH Ziegelei 1 D-72336 Balingen E-Mail: info@kern-sohn.com Tel: +49-[0]7433- 9933-0 Fax: +49-[0]7433-9933-149 Internet: www.kern-sohn.com Operating instruction Analytical balance KERN ABT Version 1.
GB KERN ABT Version 1.2 03/2013 Operating instruction Analytical balance Table of Contents 1 2 3 Technical data ................................................................................................ 4 Declaration of conformity ............................................................................. 7 Keyboard and display overview ................................................................... 8 3.1 3.2 Keyboard overview ................................................................
10.3.1 Printout Date and Time, without weight value ...................................................................... 33 11 Basic Operation ........................................................................................... 34 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Weighing .................................................................................................................34 Taring ..............................................................................................................
1 Technical data KERN ABT 100-5M ABT 120-4M 0.01 mg 0.1 mg Weighing range (max) 101 g 120 g Minimum load (Min) 1 mg 10 mg Verification value (e) 1 mg 1 mg I I 0.05 mg 0.1 mg ± 0.15 mg ± 0.
KERN ABT 220-4M ABT 320-4M Readability (d) 0.1 mg 0.1 mg Weighing range (max) 220 g 320 g Minimum load (Min) 10 mg 10 mg Verification value (e) 1 mg 1 mg I I 0.1 mg 0.1 mg ± 0.2 mg ± 0.
KERN ABT 120-5DM ABT 220-5DM Readability (d) 0.01/0.1 mg 0.01/0.1 mg Weighing range (max) 42 g/120 g 82 g/220 g Minimum load (Min) 1 mg 1 mg Verification value (e) 1 mg 1 mg I I Reproducibility ±0.02/ 0.1 mg ±0.05/ 0.1 mg Linearity ± 0.05/0.2 mg ± 0.1/0.2 mg Verification class Stabilization time Adjustment weight 3sec./10 sec.
2 Declaration of conformity KERN & Sohn GmbH D-72322 Balingen-Frommern Postfach 4052 E-Mail: info@kern-sohn.de Tel: 0049-[0]7433- 9933-0 Fax: 0049-[0]7433-9933-149 Internet: www.kern-sohn.
3 Keyboard and display overview 3.1 Keyboard overview In weighing mode: Key Designation Keep pressed for about 3 seconds [ON/OFF] Switches between the operation and standby modes. Switches the key notification buzzer on/off. [CAL] Invokes adjustment or menu selection. Invokes adjustment or menu selection.
In menu: Key Designation Pressed once and released [ON/OFF] Back to menu [CAL] Menu selection Keep pressed for about 3 seconds Return to weighing mode [TARE] Parameter selection Storing settings [UNIT] Entering numeric values Increases the numeric value of flashing digit by 1. [PRINT] Entering numeric values. Shifts flashing digit. [1d/10d] No effect.
3.2 Overview of display Capacity display Display ▼ 10 Units display Designation Description Indicates that the weighed value is stable. Highlights current setStandstill display ting during menu item selection Appears during adjustment. Flashes prior to start of automatic adjustment. Weight symbol Appears during parameter selection for adjustment. Blinks to advise necessity of adjustment. Number symbol Indicates numeric value entry. Appears during menu selection.
4 Basic Information (General) 4.1 Proper use The balance you purchased is intended to determine the weighing value of material to be weighed. It is intended to be used as a “non-automatic“ balance, i.e. the material to be weighed is manually and carefully placed in the centre of the weighing plate. As soon as a stable weighing value is reached the weighing value can be read. 4.
4.4 Monitoring of Test Resources In the framework of quality assurance the measuring-related properties of the balance and, if applicable, the testing weight, must be checked regularly. The responsible user must define a suitable interval as well as type and scope of this test. Information is available on KERN’s home page (www.kern-sohn.com with regard to the monitoring of balance test substances and the test weights required for this.
6.2 Packaging / return transport Keep all parts of the original packaging for a possibly required return. Only use original packaging for returning. Prior to dispatch disconnect all cables and remove loose/mobile parts. Reattach possibly supplied transport securing devices. Secure all parts such as the glass wind screen, the weighing platform, power unit etc. against shifting and damage.
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7 Unpacking, Setup and Commissioning 7.1 Installation Site, Location of Use The balances are designed in a way that reliable weighing results are achieved in common conditions of use. You will work accurately and fast, if you select the right location for your balance. Therefore, observe the following for the installation site: • Operate the device only indoors.
7.2.
7.2.2 Installation ABT-BA-e-1312 • Attach the adapter cable holder. Peel the protective sheet of adhesive of the adapter cable holder, and stick it on the back of the balance as shown in the figure. • Carrier of weighing plate, attach weighing plate and circular screen in order. • Level balance with foot screws until the air bubble of the water balance is in the prescribed circle. • When the key panel and the display must be protected from dirt and wear, place the cover over the key panel.
7.3 Mains connection Power is supplied via the external mains power supply. The stated voltage value must be the same as the local voltage. Only use original KERN mains power supplies. Using other makes requires consent by KERN. 7.4 Connection of peripheral devices Before connecting or disconnecting of additional devices (printer, PC) to the data interface, always disconnect the balance from the power supply.
7.5 Initial Commissioning A warming up time of 4 hours after switching on stabilizes the measuring values. The accuracy of the balance depends on the local acceleration of gravity. Strictly observe hints in chapter Adjustment. 7.5.1 Turning On the Power 1. Supply power to balance via mains adapter. After the balance performs a self check, calibration will be automatically executed. During this process, the display will change as follows. “CHE 5”, “CHE 4”......
8 Adjustment As the acceleration value due to gravity is not the same at every location on earth, each balance must be coordinated - in compliance with the underlying physical weighing principle - to the existing acceleration due to gravity at its place of location (only if the balance has not already been adjusted to the location in the factory). This adjustment process must be carried out for the first commissioning, after each change of location as well as in case of fluctuating environment temperature.
8.1.1 PCS function ON/OFF Press the [CAL] key repeatedly until "SettinG" appears. Press the [TARE] key. The display shows “CAL dEF”. Actuate the [CAL] key repeatedly until the current "PSC:∗∗" setting appears: To change the setting, actuate the [TARE] key as soon as "PSC:∗∗" appears. You can use the [CAL] key to select between the following settings: “PSC-on” Function activated “PSC-oF” Function deactivated The current setting is indicated by the standstill display ( ).
8.2 Automatic adjustment via Clock-CAL (only models ABT 100-5M, ABT 120-5DM, ABT 220-5DM) With the help of its internal adjusting weight and integrated clock the balance can be set to carry out automatic adjustment at set times (up to three times daily). ClockCAL is a very convenient function, when calibration reports are desired to be made for regular calibrations, or when wishing span calibrations during break times to avoid interruption of measurement work.
8.2.1 Setting the time for Clock-CAL Press the [CAL] key repeatedly until "SettinG" appears. Press the [TARE] key. The display shows “CAL dEF”. Press the [CAL] key repeatedly until “tCAL t*” appears: (for setting 1) Actuate the [TARE] key until "t*HH:MM" is displayed. The *position symbolises a number between 1 and 3 (3 set times for automatic adjustment). The currently set time is displayed in "HH:MM" (HH for hours, MM for minutes) format with the first digit on the left flashing.
8.3 Adjustment via preset process It is possible to start the preset adjustment method without having to access the menu. When in weighing mode, the preset adjustment method can be carried out by simply actuating the [CAL] key, followed by [TARE]. 8.3.1 Selecting default adjustment method Press the [CAL] key repeatedly until "SettinG" appears. Press the [TARE] key. The display shows “CAL dEF”. Press the [TARE] key. The display shows “E CAL” the [CAL] key repeatedly until the desired setting appears.
8.3.2 Default setting: Adjustment with internal weight Condition: Function „i tCAL“ activated (see ch. 8.3.1) Press the [CAL] key The display shows “i-CAL” Press the [TARE] key. The display changes automatically in this order: “CAL 2”, “CAL 1”, “CAL 0”, and “CAL End”. After successful adjustment the balance automatically returns to weighing mode. In case of an adjustment error (e.g. objects on the weighing plate) the display will show an error message, repeat adjustment. 8.3.
8.3.4 Default setting: Adjustment test with external weight Condition: Function „E tESt“ activated (see ch. 8.3.1) Press the [CAL] key The display shows “E-tESt” Press the [TARE] key. Testing will be started and zero display is flashing (Ensure that no items are present on the weighing plate). (Example) Wait until the weighing value for adjustment is shown and flashes. Place the required adjusting weight on the weighing plate. Wait until the blinking zero display reappears.
8.4 Carrying out alternative adjustment methods Here you start adjustment by selecting a setting in the menu. 8.4.1 Adjustment with internal weight Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "FUnC.SEL" appears. Press the [TARE] key. "CAL" is displayed. Press the [TARE] key. "E CAL" is displayed. Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "i CAL" appears. Press the [TARE] key. The display changes automatically in this order: “CAL 2”, “CAL 1”, “CAL 0”, and “CAL End”.
8.4.2 Adjustment test with internal weight During adjustment tests the balance automatically compares the saved value of the adjustment weight with the actual value. This is only a check, i.e. no values are changed. Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "FUnC.SEL" appears. Press the [TARE] key. "CAL" is displayed. Press the [TARE] key. "E CAL" is displayed. Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "i tESt" appears. … Press the [TARE] key.
8.4.3 Adjustment test with external weight Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "FUnC.SEL" appears. Press the [TARE] key. "CAL" is displayed. Press the [TARE] key. "E CAL" is displayed. Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "i tESt" appears. Press the [TARE] key. Testing is started and zero display is flashing. (Ensure that there are no objects on the weighing plate). (Example) Wait until the weighing value for adjustment is shown and flashes. Place the required adjusting weight on the weighing plate.
9 Verification General introduction: According to EU directive 90/384/EEC balances must be verified if they are used as follows (legally controlled area): a) For commercial transactions if the price of goods is determined by weighing. b) For the production of medicines in pharmacies as well as for analyses in the medical and pharmaceutical laboratory. c) For official purposes. d) For manufacturing final packages. In cases of doubt, please contact your local trade in standard.
10 ISO/GLP log Quality assurance systems require printouts of weighing results as well as of correct adjustment of the balance stating date and time and balance identification. The easiest way is to have a printer connected. 10.1 Setting the log printout of your adjustment data This function enables automatic log issue after each adjustment. These logs may be issued by using an optional printer.
10.2 Balance ID Number Setting This setting is for the balance ID number that is output along with the adjustment report. Press the [CAL] key repeatedly until "SettinG" appears. Press the [TARE] key. The display shows “CAL dEF”. Repeatedly actuate the [CAL] key until "id:****" appears (The ∗∗ symbolise the current setting). Press the [TARE] key. In the upper part of the display panel, the symbol and the # symbol appear in order to indicate numerical input status. The leftmost digit of ∗∗∗∗ blinks.
10.3 Setting the date printout This setting determines whether or not the date and time on the balance’s built-in clock is printed out along with the log. Press the [CAL] key repeatedly until "SettinG" appears. Press the [TARE] key. The display shows “CAL dEF”. Repeatedly actuate the [CAL] key until "Prtdt:∗∗" appears (The ∗∗ symbolise the current setting). To change settings, actuate the [TARE] key when "Prtdt:∗∗" appears.
11 Basic Operation 11.1 Weighing Note: Stabilisation requires a warm-up period of 1 or 4 hours (for models d = 0.01 mg). Turn on balance by pressing the [ON/OFF] key. The balance will carry out a self-test Your balance is ready to weigh as soon as the “0.0000 g" display appears. Note: The [TARE] key can be used to set the balance to zero at any time. Place goods to be weighed on balance. Wait until the standstill display ( ) appears, then read the weighing result. 11.
11.3 Changing the display You can change the display to activated units, piece counting, percentage and density determination mode by pressing the [UNIT] key several times. The default setting provides the following options: [g] → [%] → [Pcs] → [ct] → [g] → … Different settings have to be activated in the menu: Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "FUnC.SEL" appears. Press [TARE] key (Example) Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "Unit.SEL" appears.
11.4 Changing readability (only models ABT 100-5M, ABT 120-5DM, ABT 220-5DM) Models ABT 120-5DM and ABT 220-5DM are set to “lower range“ with a readability of 0.01 mg as soon as they are connected to power supply and turned on. To switch to the “upper range” with a minimum display of 0.1mg, press the [1d/10d] key. If the lower max. weighing range (82g for ABT 220-5DM, 42 g for ABT 120-5DM) is exceeded during the weighing process, the balance changes automatically to the upper range.
11.5 Underfloor weighing Objects unsuitable for placing on the weighing pan due to size or shape may be weighed with the help of the flush-mounted platform. Proceed as follows: • Switch off balance. • Open the closing lid (1) on the bottom of your balance. • Place your balance over an opening. • Suspend the goods to be weighed from the hook and carry out the weighing. (1) Fig.
12 The menu To adapt the behaviour of the balance to your requirements, go to the balance mode menu. Usually the default setting of the balance mode menu is such that you do not need to make any changes. If you encounter special conditions of use, go to the balance mode menu in order to set your balance according to your individual requirements. 12.1 Changing settings To change the settings of specific functions, select the related functions.
12.3 Call up menu Please have a go and try to change a function yourself. Change the "Auto-Zero" function to OFF and then again to ON. Turn on balance by pressing the ON/OFF key. Actuate the CAL key until FUnC.SEL appears Press the TARE key once until CAL appears Press the CAL key once until trC :on appears To confirm, press the TARE key once. "Auto-Zero” function is now selected. The standstill display shows the current setting.
12.4 Selecting the menu In weighing mode press the [CAL] key. First function "i-Cal" (ex.) appears. The various functions of the menu are passed through by pressing the [CAL] key again. Weighing mode Preset adjustment method (see ch. 8.3) Not documented Setting control display (see ch. 12.6) Standard mode P0VR�1nG� Apportioning mode Settings for stability and response (see chapter 13.
12.
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12.6 Menu Lock The menu setting operations can be locked so that the settings cannot be inadvertently changed. This is called Menu Lock. The menu lock is activated with the following procedure. Turn on the power supply for the balance and wait until "oFF" appears. Press the [CAL] key until "LoCKEd" appears. Menu is disabled, menu symbol appears. This is followed by a reappearance of "oFF".
12.8 Settings control display To receive a confirmation of the current settings, repeatedly actuate the [CAL] key in weighing mode until "St. b1 t" (ex.) appears. Appears when the automatic adjustment has been switched on by PSC or Clock-CAL. Stability and response setting St: Standard mode Co: Anti-convection mode Hi: High-stability mode Po: Apportioning mode Appears when the issue of the adjustment data is switched on.
13 Description of individual functions 13.1 Stability filter Generally, data processing for greater stability slows the response and processing for higher response reduces stability. Balances of the series ABT are designed to ensure both qualities, that is, fast reaction time and high stability. Most measurements can be carried out using default settings, that is, standard mode.
13.1.2 Anti-convection mode If measurements have to be taken under unavoidable ambience conditions, (e. g. changing air condition systems) convection occurring within the weighing space may result in fluctuations in the display on the balance after the stability display has appeared. The small range (readability 0.01 mg) of series ABT is particularly susceptible to this effect. Anti-convection mode adjusts the timing of appearance of the stability mark.
13.1.4 Apportioning mode Use this function if you wish to increase display speed, e.g. during apportioning. However, please note that the balance is very susceptible to ambience conditions. You can set the degree of sensitivity according to site (quiet/unquiet). Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "PoUr inG" appears. P0VR�1nG� nQlnAL.Eno� Press the [TARE] key; display shows current setting of sensitivity Setting of this mode can be confirmed only in settings check display (see ch. 11.6). 5TABL.
13.2 Standstill display If the display shows the stability display ( ) the balance is in a stable status. The condition for judging stability is user-selectable. There are three levels to select: 1 count, 5 counts and 10 counts. The default setting is 1 count. The setting of the standstill display can be checked on the setting control display (see ch.12.6). Setting the standstill display Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "FUnC.SEL" appears.
13.3 Auto Zero This function is used to tare small variations in weight automatically. In the event that small quantities are removed or added to the material to be weighed, incorrect weighing results can be displayed due to the “stability compensation“ in the balance. (e.g. slow flow of liquids from a container placed on the balance, evaporating processes). When apportioning involves small variations of weight, it is advisable to switch off this function. Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "FUnC.
13.4 Setting date Press the [CAL] key repeatedly until "SettinG" appears. Press the [TARE] key. Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "d-MM.DD" appears (MM and DD provide two digits each, indicating month and day). (15. march 2003) (2. nov. 2004) Press the [TARE] key. The date currently set appears. In the upsymbol and the # symbol per part of the display panel, the appear in order to indicate numerical input status. The leftmost digit blinks.
13.5 Setting time Balances of the series ABT are equipped with an integrated clock. Set the clock before using the functions Clock-CAL (ch. 8.2) or GLP log (ch. 10). Note that the current time is displayed at the stand by status (ch. 7.5.1). Press the [CAL] key repeatedly until "SettinG" appears. Press the [TARE] key. Repeatedly actuate the [CAL] key until "t-HH.MM" appears (HH and MM provide 2 digits each for hour and minute display). Press the [TARE] key. The currently set time appears.
13.6 Capacity display This function displays a bar graph representation of the load on the weighing plate. This may be used to prevent sudden appearance of “oL” (overload) during measurement. It is possible to turn the display of capacity on or off. Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "FUnC.SEL" appears. Press [TARE] key Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until the current "AdiSP:**" setting appears.
14 Application Functions 14.1 Parts counting With parts counting you can either count parts into a container or remove parts from a container. To count a greater number of parts the average weight per part has to be determined with a small quantity (reference quantity). The larger the reference quantity, the higher the counting exactness. High reference must be selected for small parts or parts with considerably different sizes.
Remove reference weight. Now you can fill the items to be counted into the container. The respective quantity is shown in the display. Repeated pressing of the [UNIT] key changes the display value, e. g.: [g] → [%] → [Pcs] → [ct] Note: Error message "Err 20" indicates that the weight for the reference piece number is too low. 14.2 Percent determination Percent weighing allows to display weight in percent, in relation to a reference weight.
14.3 Density determination Density determination with the help of the flush-mounted platform facility is described in the following. Density determination becomes even easier when an optional set for density determination is applied. For further information please refer to the operating instructions enclosed with the set for density determination. 1. Remove the below-weigh hook cover on the floor of the balance, after removing the two fixing screws. 2.
Repeatedly press the [UNIT] key until the balance is in density determination mode for solids ",d". Note that “g” also appears during weight measurement in air. Press the [TARE] key. Place the item to be measured on the weighing pan. When standstill control is complete, press the [CAL] key Place the item to be measured on the immersed hanging weighing pan. The display is showing the density of the measured item. “dSP oL” may be displayed when nothing is on the weighing pan, which is normal. 14.3.
Repeatedly press the [UNIT] key until the balance is in density determination mode for liquids "d". Note that “g” also appears during weight measurement in air. Press the [TARE] key. Place the body to be immersed on the weighing pan. When standstill control is complete, press the [CAL] key Immerse the body to be immersed without bubbles developing. The display is showing the density of the sample. “dSP oL” may be displayed when nothing is on the weighing pan, which is normal.
14.4 Auto Print Using Auto Print allows measurement results to be automatically output via the RS232C interface without pressing the [PRINT] key individually with every measurement. An issue will be made after standstill control ( ) is complete. The next measurement is done after removing the items from the weighing plate and the display is returning to a value within the ±3-fold of the zero range. Important: This mode can be applied to any unit.
14.5 Add up mode An optional number of single weighing processes are automatically added up to a total sum, e.g. all single weighing processes of a batch or if you have to carry out a great number of measurements of small samples. When the standstill control ( ) is complete the weighing value is automatically issued to the optional printer. The displayed value is added into the total adding memory. Afterwards automatic taring will take place.
Confirm your selection by pressing the [TARE] key. Printout "------- ADDON MODE ---------" takes place. To exit the function, press the [ON/OFF] key. Brief actuation of ON/OFF key: Back to previous menu. Long actuation of ON/OFF key: Back to weighing mode. Whilst the add-on function is active, the display keeps showing the add-on symbol [ ]. Add up: Operation Display When using a container, place this on the weighing plate and tare. Prior to weighing the component press the [PRINT] key 1x. 5.
Printout: ---ADDON Mode--CMP001= CMP002= CMP003= TOTAL= Note: 5,0003 g 5,0017 g 5,0010 g 15,0030 g Only one function at a time may be activated (on) when working with functions auto print, add-on and recipe. Whilst the function is active, automatic adjustment (PSC/Clock-CAL) does not take place. A flashing symbol, however, indicates that adjustment is required. 14.6 Recipe mode The formula function allows to add on various components of a mixture.
Place further components 0.4488 g When the last single weighing process is complete press [ON/OFF] key to receive the total sum (Total). 1.5271 g Remove weight from weighing plate. The balance is now ready for further measurements. Printout: ---Formulation Mode--CMP001= CMP002= CMP003= TOTAL= Note: 0,5361 g 0,5422 g 0,4488 g 1,5271 g Only one function at a time may be activated (on) when working with functions auto print, add-on and recipe.
15 Data output 15.1 RS 232C interface Pin allocation of balance output plug: PIN No. 2 3 6 7 20 5 4 Signal TXD RXD DSR SG DTR CTS RTS 15.2 Data Formats Note: space character and DL the delimiter code. 1. Input Data Format COMMAND CODE + DL (see 15.2.3) 2. Output data format In weighing mode: stability (ex.) S -200.
15.3 Remote control instructions Attention: Inputting characters and command codes not shown here into the balance may not only alter the previous settings but may also impair proper measurement. If by mistake characters or commands not shown here are entered into the balance, immediately unplug the power supply cable and wait about ten seconds before plugging again.
C02 High-stability mode setting C13 Anti-convection mode setting C14 Standard mode setting C05 C06 C15 Standstill display, setting to 1 count Standstill display, setting to 5 count Standstill display, setting to 10 count C07 Auto Zero on C08 Auto zero off C10 Autom. CAL on C11 Autom. CAL off C17 Display setting status Measurement conditions set by menu selection in abbreviated form is output. 15.
15.5 User Settings The user setting allows individual setting for each item in communication settings. Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "intFACE" appears. Press [TARE] key Repeatedly press the [CAL] key until "iF:USEr" appears. (Example) Press [TARE] key Use the [CAL] key to select between the following settings (The **** reflect the current setting, two to four characters): “io.b:****” Speed of communication “io.d:****” Delimiter “io.P:****” Parity “io.S:****” Stop bit “io.F:****” Data format “io.
15.5.1 Communication speed settings 1. The display changes from “io.b:****” to “b-300”. Pressing the [CAL] key changes the display. The standstill display ( ) marks the current setting. Display during setting Setting specifics Display during setting Setting specifics b-300 b-600 b-1200 b-2400 b-4800 300bps Baud Rate 600bps Baud Rate 1200bps Baud Rate 2400bps Baud Rate 4800bps Baud Rate b-9600 9600bps Baud Rate b-19.2K 19.2Kbps Baud Rate b-38.4K 38.4Kbps Baud Rate 2.
15.5.4 Stop bit settings 1. The display changes from “io.S:****” to “S-S1”. Pressing the [CAL] key changes the display. The standstill display ( ) marks the current setting. Display during setting Setting specifics S-S1 S-S2 Stop bit, 1 bit Stop bit, 2bit 2. Confirm your desired setting by pressing the [TARE] key. 3. To return to "io.S:****", press the [ON/OFF] key. 15.5.5 Input-output data format settings 1. The display changes from "io.F:****" to " F-dF1". Pressing the [CAL] key changes the display.
16 Service, maintenance, disposal 16.1 Cleaning Before cleaning, please disconnect the appliance from the operating voltage. Please do not use aggressive cleaning agents (solvents or similar agents), but a cloth dampened with mild soap suds. Ensure that no liquid penetrates into the device and wipe with a dry soft cloth. Loose residue sample/powder can be removed carefully with a brush or manual vacuum cleaner. Spilled weighing goods must be removed immediately. 16.
17 Instant help In case of an error in the program process, briefly turn off the balance and disconnect from power supply. The weighing process must then be restarted from the beginning. Error code table: Error code display CAL E2 CAL E3 CAL E4 CHE X (X is a numeral) (when the display stops here) Err 0X (X is a numeral) Explication High zero point shift during adjustment Great deviation of measuring values in PCAL.
Attempting to measure volatile substances The weighed item is electrically charged. Sample temperature and temperature inside weighing space differ. Draft in weighing space. Effects of electronic noise or strong electromagnetic waves Internal trouble with the balance “oL” or “-oL” is displayed Automatic adjustment carried out frequently. Display is faulty. The load on the weighing pan is too large. The weighing pan is detached.
