KODAK. Trademark, 1888• .-copyrighted by ,. THE E~STMAN..coM£A~, Rochester, N. Y.
+ 'T HE + J . KOD~K M~NV~L + FOR. THE C + + OR.DIN AR.Y ,. JUNE 189" KODAK.
CONTENTS. + + + PA R T I. Making the Exposures. PAR T II. Reloadint' the Kodak. PAR T III. Makz1zg Flash Light Pz'ctures. PAR T I V. Developzng the Negatives. PAR T V. Przntzng the PZftures.
PART I. MAKING THE EXPOSURES. E.VERY Kodak is tested in actual use and adjusted until it is in perfect \vorking condition. It is then loaded with .twenty-four exposures. To insure its reaching the purchaser in the same condition that it leaveS the factory it is~wrapped and sealed. ' The seal should be broken only by the purchaser. MAKING SNAP SHOTS. Snap shots can be made only when the bright sun shines directly on the object; the camera may be in the shade but the object should not.
a. S:E;T TH:E; SHUTT:E;R. Pull the cord until two clicks are heard; pull it hard as far as it will go and do not slack the cord until the two clicks are heard; if stopped at one click, the lens 'JOill be left wide open and the picture spoiled. 3. S:E;T TH:E; FOCUS By moving the pointer to the figure indicating the distance in feet to the object. If the principal object is over 100 feet set the pointer at 100. 4. POINT TH:E; KODAK. The finders show the scope of the VIew.
5. PIU;SS THS BUTTON. Press it firmly and do not let the Kodak waver. This takes the picture. Right way. Wrong way.
6. R~GIST~R ~XPOSUR~. Press the register lever to the right. 7. TURN FII.M INTO POSITION. , Turn the key to the right as far as it will go; turn it firmly until it stops. If not pulled up tight, the film will not be in focus . . R'e peat above operations for every picture. TIME EXPOSURES INDOORS. I.!!'PUT TH~ KODAK IN POSITION. Use some firm support, like a windowsill, mantel or table. Set it in such a position that the finder - or diverging lines will embrace the view desired.
will blur the picture. If all the windows cannot be a:voided pull down the shade of such as come within the range of the Kodak. II. OP:E;N TH:E; FRONT AND TURN TH:E; MIDDL:E; STOP INTO TH:E; L:E;NS. 3. S:E;T TH:E;_FOCUS. 3 4. S:E;T TH:E; SHUTT:E;R OP:E;N By pulling the cord until one click is heard. Keep the camera steady with the other hane, while pulling the cord. The proper time to leave the shutter open depends upon the character of the subject and the strength of the light.
For interiors, the following table is a good guide: 'TIME NEEDED FOR INTERIOR EXPOSURES. The following table gives the time of, exposure required under varying conditions of light with the middle stop in the lens. If the largest stop is used, give only onehalf the time; if .the smallest stop is used, give 5 times the time of the table. The smaller the stop the sharper the picture. The middle stop gives the best results for interiors.
Medium -colore d wall~ . and hangings, and , more than one window : bright sun outside, 8 seconds; hazy sun, 20 seconds; cloudy bright, 40 se~onds; cloudy dull, 80 seconds. Medium-colored walls and hangings, and only one window: bright sun outside; I2 seconds; hazy sun, 30 seconds; doudy bright, 60 seconds; cloudy dull, 120 seconds. Dark-c olored walls and Ihangings, and more than one window: bright sun' outside.
direct light The foregoing is calcula ted for rooms whose windows get the before hours . three from the sky, and for hours from three hours after sunnse to sunset. If earlier or later, the time require d will be longer. $. PR:E;SS TH;e BUTTO N. This closes the shutter. Time exposu res can also be made with a plug. See price .list. ~~;;;;;~~~ I 6. PUSH R;eGIST ;eR I.;eV;eR . '7. TURN TH;e x;ev. Repeat for each exposure. 6 TIME EXPO SURE S IN THE OPEN AIR.
Will, SU1lslli1le-The lens can hardly be opened and shut quick enough to avoid over-exposure. With LigM Clouds-From ~ Will, Heavy Clouds-From 2 to 1 second will be sufficient. to 5 seconds will be required. The above is calculated for the same hours as mentioned on page 12 and for objects in the open air. For other hours and for objects in the shadow, under porches, or under trees, no accurate directions can be given; experience only can teach the proper exposure to give. The Stops.
'0. The Smallest-For cap exposures outdoors in cloudy weather. Never jor instantaneous exposures. The time required for cap exposures on cloudy days with smallest stop will range from ond to 5 seconds, according to the tight. See page ' 3. ~ sec- When setting the stops always see that the one to be used is brought to the center of the lens where it catches. . ~ ;hiS will be the result if you use the smallest stop for instantaneous exposure. 0.
PART II. RE-LOA DIN G THE KODA K\ 'Provide a. A spool of Film to fit this Kodak. b. An Eastman Orange Candle Lamp. c. A dark room having a shelf or table. By a ~ark room is meant one that is wholly dark-not a ray of li ght Such a room can easily be secured at night almost anywhere. In it.
Having' provided such a room or closet where, when the door is closed, no ray of light can be seen, set up on the table or shelf the Orange Candle lamp, and light it a,s clirected in the circular which comes in the box in which tpe lamp is enclosed. [ .... TMA .... The lamp gives a subdued yellow or orange light which will not inJure the film unless it is held close to £t. Set the lamp on the table at least eighteen inches from and with the side toward the operator. 1.
3. Remove the fresh spool from its box and wrapper and use them to enclose the spool of exposures taken from the Kodak. 4:. Lay the fresh spool on the table with a bit of clean cloth or paper under it, and along side it lay the empty spool taken from the Kodak; the full spool at the left and the slotted ends of both away from the operator. The sensitive side of the film is wound outside on the fresh spool. It must b e handled carefully to prevent injuring it. Moist fingers should be avoided. 5.
6. Replace the spools in the camera, slotted ends down, the full spool at the left and the film passing over the exposing board, to the empty spool at the right, then, 7. Replace and screw down the lid. If the film unwinds while placing it in the camera, the slack can be taken up by turning the milled head of the register backward. 8. Turn the key until the film is .t aut. 9.
PART III. TAKI NG KOD AK PICT URES AT NIGH T WITH TH.E FLAS H LIGH T APPA RATU S. The recent inventi on of the flash light apparat us renders easy the taking, with such a camera , as the Kodak, photog raphs at night. The requisit es are The Kodak Camera , The Flash Light Appara tus. , The flash light apparat us consist s of a speciall y constru cted alcohol lamp, having in front of it a little tray upon which is poured about a teaspoo nful of flash light powder.
As soon as the flame touches the powder it &ashes up an intense white light, sufficiently strong to make a picture instantaneously. Many interiors can be taken with th~ flash light that are impracticable by day light, either by reason of a lack of illumination or because there are windows in the direct line of the view which cannot be darkened sufficiently to prevent the blurring of the picture. Pictures are taken so quickly that groups of people around a dinner table or .
PB£PARATION OF TH£· FLASH LIGHT. The light should always be placed two feet behind and two to three feet to one side of the Kodak. If · placed in front or on a line with front of the ,camera, the flash would strike the lens and blur the picture. It should be placed at one side as well as behind, so as to throw a shadow and give a little relief in the lighting.
lay the bulb down (to prevent acciden t) and pour upon the tray in front of the flame the content s of one of the capsule s of powder that accomp any the lamp ~ then uncap the camera , stand at arm's length an? press the Bulb. There will be a bright flash which will instantl y impress the picture on the sensitiv e film. Then cal> the camera and turn a fresh film into place with the key ready for another picture . NOTE.
TO MAKE A PORTR.ltIT. Place the sitter in a chair partly facing the camera (which should be . at the height of an ordinary table), and . turn · the face slightly toward the ,camera. The distance from the camera to the subject should be about 8 to 10 feet. The lamp sh·ould be on the side of the camera away from the face, that is the sitter should not face the lamp. The lamp should be placed higher than the head of the sitter. TO MAKE A GROUP.
BACKGROUNDS. In making single portraits or groups, care should be taken to have a suitable background against which the figures will show 'in relief; a light background is better than a da-rk one, and often a single figure or two will show up well against a lace curtain. For larger groups a mediu"m light wall will be suitable, The finder on top of the - camera will aid the operator to compose the groups so as to get the best effect.
PART IV. DEVELOPING. Provide an Eastman's ABC Developing and Printing Outjit, which contains; • I Eastman's Candle Lamp, 4 Developing Trays, I Glass beaker, I 4 x 5 Printing Frame, I 4 x 5 Glass for same, I Stirring Rod, .~ Dozen Developing Powders, ~ Lb. Hyposulphite Soda, 2 Dozen Sheets 4 x 5 Ferro-Prusdate Paper. I Package of Bromide of Pc:,tassium . . I Ounce Glycerine .
Also provide a pair of shears, a pitcher of cold water, (preferably, ice water), a pail for slops, and a dark room having a sh~lf or table. By a dark room it. IS meant one that is wholly dark-not a ray of light in Such a room can easily be secured at night almost anywhere. The reason a dark room is required is that the film is' extremely sensitive ' to white light, either daylight or lamplight, and would be spoikd zj exposed to it even for a \ fraction of a iilecond, while being removed from the K
~. Unroll the film, and cut the exposures apart one-fourth inch before each perforation. I. !ill one of the trays nearly full of water, and put into it the exposures, one by one, face down; put them in edgewise, to avoid air bells, and immerse them fully. Cover the , tray with a bit of brown paper, to keep out the light from the lamp. 4. Open one of the developer powders and put the contents (2 chemicals) into the beaker and fill it up to the ring with water. the wooden stirring rod. 6.
minutes the operator will be able to distinguish objects m the picture. The developer should be allowed to act 5 to 10 minutes. The progress of the development may be watched by holding the negative, from time to time, up to the lamp. 6. Transfer the developed film to the third tray and nnse two or three times with water, leaving it to soak while the next film is being developed. Eight or ten negatives can be developed one after the other in one portion of develope.
• 9. The yellow shade can be removed from the lamp as soon as all the exposures have been fixed. ·10. Pour off the fixing solution into the slop bucket, and fill the tray with clear, cold water; repeat this at intervals of 5 minutes, five or . six times, keeping the negatives in motion, or transferring them back and forth to tray No 3, one by one, to ensure the water acting evenly upon them. The fixing solution must only be used in tray NO.4. And the negatives, after fixing, must not be put in either No.
I. DEFECTIVE NEGATIVES. By following closely the foregoing directions, the novice can make seventy-five" per cent., or upwards, of good: negatives. Sometim'es, however, the cfire~tions are not, followed, and failures result . .' To forewarn the Kodaker is to forearm him, and we therefore describe the: common causes of failure. UND£R-£XPOSUR£.
o V.F;R-.F;XPOSUR.F;. Caused by too much light. Negative develops evenly, shadows almost as fast as high lights. No contrast, and no deep shadows. Over-exposure can be overcome in the development, by the addition of bromide of potassium to the developer. The printing and developing outfit includes a package of bromide, with directions, for its use. The novice will soon learn to recognize over-exposure, and to apply the remedy.
• OV£R-D£V£J;OPM£NT. Caused by leaving the negative too long in the developer. In this case. the negative is very strong and intense by transmitted light and requires a very long time to print. The remedy is obvious. UND£R-D£V£J;OPM£NT. Caused by removal from the developer too soon. An undeveloped nega tive differs from an under-exposed one, in that it is ,apt to be thin and full of detail, instead of harsh, and lacking in detail.
PART v. PRINTING ON FERRO-PRUSSIATE PAPER. Ferro-prussiate paper affords the easiest way of making proofs from Kodak negatives, no chemicals being required. The operation being simply to lay a piece of the prepared paper behind the negative, in the sun, until it is darkened sufficiently, . and then wash the print for a few minutes in clean water. The resulting picture is of a very . agreeable, bright blue color on a white ground, and is permanent. MSTHOD OF PRINTING.
its register with the negative. The operation of putting on the Sensitive Paper must be performed in a subdued light, that is to say in an ordinary room, as far as possibre from any window. The paper not used must be kept covered in its envelope. The printing frame, when filled as directed, is to be laid glass side up in strong light until the light, passing through the negative into the Sensitive Paper, has impressed the image sufficiently upon it.
If the prints are too light when washed, it will be evident that the printing was stopped. too soon; and, if too dark, vice versa. The image, before the picture is washed, is quite indistinct, and two or three trials will be required to enable the novice to judge how far to carry the prints; but when learned with one negative it will be simple with all. Kodaker wants silver prints frorp his negatives, he has simpl~ to substitute Eastman's sensitized paper for the ferro-prussiate paper.
DEVELOPING AND PRINTING. The Eastman Company was the first to render commercially' possible the separation of the developing and printing from the pt'ctuYe takt·ng. The division of ' labor inaugurated by them has brought picture taking within the reach of thousands of persons throughout the world who could not otherwise practice the art. Carrying the division of labor still further, in our own factory we ' employ trained operators in every branch of the work.
ENLARGING. In this department we also claim to excel. We are the largest manufacturers and users of Bromide paper In the worl.d, and our operators are skillful and experienced. Kodak negatives of all sizes lend themselves to enlargement with equal facility. Any Kodak negative that will make a good contact print, will make a good enlargement of a~y size. An A Kodak negative, 2% x 3U inches, can be enlarged perfectly by us, up to 30 x 40 inches; or, of course, to any smaller size.
P.R.TE~TS. The KODAK CAMERA, ROLL HOLDER, Film, and processes, and machinery for manufacturing same, are covered by the folIowing patents owned by the EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY: No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 24 8 ,179 306 ,594 3 16 ,933 3 17,049 3 17.050 355. 0 84 35 8•893 370,050 370, IIO 370.111 370.216 388,850 405.454 October October May May May December ¥arch September September September September September June II, 14, 5, 5. 5. 28, 8, 20. 20.' 20, 20, 4, 18, 1881. 1884.
LIST OF PRINCIPAL FO'REIGN :5 KO'D~K 'DE~LE'RS. Adelaide, Australia, BAKER & ROUSE. Amsterdam, Holland, E. FISCHEL, JR., 88 Gelderschekade. Amsterdam, Holland, GROOTE & Z"., Kalverstraat. Antwerp, Belgium, L. VAN NECK, Rue Klapdorf. Berlin, Germany, ROMAIN TALBOT, Kaiser Wilhelm-Strasse 46. Bombay, THACKER & Co. Brussels, Belgium, SEB. GECELE, 86 Marche Aux Herbes. Brussels, Belgium, J. MARYNEN & CO., 22 Montague Aux Herbes Potage res. Brussels, Belgium, J. VANDENSCHRIEK, '4' Chaussee d'Anvers.
Price List of Supplies for the C Ordinary Kodak. Spools ' film, 24 exposures ••••••••••••...•. • ••• $1 50 Ferro-prussiate paper, per pkg. 2 doz., 4 x 5 ....••••••. ·•• Eastman's Sensitized .. Solio" paper, per pkg. 2 do~en.... 30 50 Toning solution for do, per bottle .•..••'................. 50 Mounts, maroon or primrose, gold bevel edge, per dozen... IS Developer powders, per pkg. of 12...................... Hyposulphite soda pulverized, per lb....................
-. ) , ., ( , I , , \ < , " I \ ," You press tf:.e button, ,' ,;,. U/Te do the res".f " " .-1 Or you can do, it yourself, ; " ,1 •• ) j ". I . 'It, . '. .' . .
