E INSTRUCTION MANUAL APPENDIX CUSTOM FUNCTIONS DETAILED OPERATION CREATIVE EXPOSURE SUBJECT / DRIVE AUTOMATIC OPERATION GETTING STARTED
40 40 41 42 43 44 45 DRIVE MODES ................................................................ Self-timer .................................................................... Continuous Advance .................................................. For Owners of the Remote-control Function .............. Focus Lock in Remote Control Mode ........................
4 EXPOSURE .................................................................... 76 14-Segment Honeycomb Pattern Metering ................ 76 Spot Metering.............................................................. 76 Spot-AE Lock .............................................................. 77 TAKING TIME EXPOSURES (buLb) .............................. 79 EXPOSURE COMPENSATION ...................................... 82 Checking Exposure Compensation ............................
FOR PROPER AND SAFE USE Thank you for purchasing this camera. Please take time to read this manual so that you can enjoy all the features of your new camera. This manual has been designed to help you understand the camera’s operation quickly. The information in this manual is relevant for products introduced before May, 2002. Contact the nearest authorized Minolta Service facility to obtain compatibility information for products released after this date.
FOR PROPER AND SAFE USE WARNING • Immediately remove the batteries and discontinue use if the camera is dropped or subjected to an impact in which the interior, especially the flash unit, is exposed. The flash has a high voltage circuit which may cause an electric shock resulting in injury. The continued use of a damaged product or part may cause injuries. • Keep batteries or small parts that could be swallowed away from infants. Contact a doctor immediately if an object is swallowed.
QUICK OPERATION 1 2 3 Insert batteries. • This camera uses two CR2 lithium batteries. p.19 Attach the lens. •Align the red mounting index on the lens with the one on the camera. Carefully insert the lens into the mount and turn it clockwise until it clicks into the locked position. p.22 Set full-auto operation. 5 •Press the program-reset button to set the camera to fully automatic operation. p.30 6 Center your subject in the wide focus frame .
NAMES OF PARTS Body For information on specific parts, refer to the page shown in parentheses. Built-in flash* (35) Flash-mode button (37) Program-reset button (30) *This camera is a sophisticated optical instrument. Care should be taken to keep these surfaces clean. Please read the care and storage instructions in the back of this manual (p. 122).
NAMES OF PARTS Data Panel Viewfinder Spot focus area (68) Manual-focus indicator (74) Exposure-mode indicator (54-65) Exposurebracketing indicator (85) Self-timer indicator (46) Multipleexposure indicator (88) Shutter speed/ISO display Date indicator2 (100) Subject-program icons (40-45) Subject-program indicators (40-45) Aperture/Exposure-compensation/Custom-function display (55/82/105) Battery condition indicator (20) Spot metering area (77) Wide focus frame (67) Exposure-compensation indicator (82
GETTING STARTED GETTING STARTED STRAP Attaching the Strap Holder Ring 1 With the visible protrusions on the inside of the holder ring oriented as shown, pass the tip of the strap through the ring. 2 Pass the tip of the strap through the camera’s strap eyelet from below. Protru sions This section provides the information necessary to prepare the camera for use. Strap (p.17) • Attach the strap so the tip comes between the strap and the camera. 3 Pass the tip of the strap through the holder ring.
4 Installing the Batteries Pass the tip of the strap through the buckle and pull to tighten. Your camera uses two 3V CR2 lithium batteries to supply power for all camera operations. • Leave some slack in the camera strap(A) so the tip may be threaded through the buckle easily. 5 1 Slide the battery-chamber release as shown, and open the door. 2 Insert the batteries. Match the positive terminal mark inside the battery chamber-door with the positive end of the batteries.
GETTING STARTED BATTERIES Battery Condition Indicators Changing the Batteries - Quartz-date Model Battery condition indicators shows the level of battery power. When the batteries have been removed, the camera’s built-in clock will stop. The following procedure stores the current time and date in case the clock and calendar reset when the batteries are removed. 1 Turn the main switch to ON. • A battery icon appears on the data panel indicating the power status of the batteries.
FILM Attaching the Lens Always load or remove the film under subdued light to reduce the chances of fogging. This camera uses interchangeable lenses. See page 114 for information on which lenses are compatible with this camera. 1 2 Remove the body and rear lens caps. Align the red mounting index on the lens and camera body. Carefully insert the lens into the mount, then turn it clockwise until it clicks into the locked position. • Do not insert the lens at an angle.
3 When the film is loaded correctly : • appears in the frame counter. The film speed (ISO) is displayed on the data panel for 5 seconds. • If the film is loaded with the power off, the film speed (ISO) and appears on the data panel for approximately five seconds to indicate successful loading, then the camera shuts down. Extend the leader between the guide rails to the index mark. • Hold the film cartridge down so that the film lays flat.
FILM Rewinding the Film After you have exposed the last frame, the camera will automatically rewind the film. 1 Wait until the film is completely rewound. will appear and will blink on the data panel, indicating it is safe to open the back-cover. • The film-chamber lock indicator is blank after the film is rewound. FULLY-AUTOMATIC OPERATION • 2 Press the back-cover release to open the back cover and remove the film, then close the back cover.
AUDIO SIGNAL Pressing the Shutter-release Button Press the shutter-release button partway down to activate the camera’s autofocus and auto-exposure systems. Press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture. When taking a picture, press the shutter-release button with your index finger gently so not the shake the camera during the exposure. Before pressing Pressing partway down activates camera systems Pressing all the down releases the shutter Audio signal is initially on.
Full-auto is the camera’s standard operating mode and is suited for use in almost any situation. When selected, the camera sets the focus and exposure automatically and fires the built-in flash when necessary. 1 3 Slide the main switch to ON. Center your subject in the wide focus frame . If using a zoom lens, rotate the zooming ring to frame your subject as desired. • Press the shutter release button partway down to activate the autofocus and exposure systems.
FOCUS Special Focus Situations The following signals appear in the viewfinder to indicate the focus status. • Focusing time can be longer with macro or telephoto lenses. In very dark conditions the camera may require a little more time to ensure accurate focus. Steady Focus is confirmed. Steady Focus is confirmed (Continuous AF ). Steady Lens is focusing (Continuous AF). • The shutter is locked. Focus cannot be confirmed. • The shutter is locked.
USING THE BUILT-IN FLASH The focus-lock function is used when the subject is off-center and outside the focus frame. Focus lock may also be used when a special focusing situation prevents the camera from focusing on the subject. • Focus lock cannot be used with continuous AF. The spot AF button (p.68) can also be used for focus lock. • Focus can be locked in continuous AF (p.72) with the spot AF button.
Flash Range Fill Flash The range of the built-in flash depends on the speed of the film and the selected aperture. Make sure your subject is within the flash range specified in the table below. Use the fill flash when taking pictures under fluorescent lighting or to eliminate harsh shadows. When set, the flash will fire every time a picture is taken. ISO 100 ISO400 f/3.5 1.0 ~ 3.4m / 3.3 ~ 11.2 ft. 1.0 ~ 6.8m / 3.3 ~ 22.3 ft. f/4.0 1.0 ~ 3.0m / 3.3 ~ 9.8 ft. 1.0 ~ 6.0m / 3.3 ~ 19.7 ft. f/5.6 1.
USING THE BUILT-IN FLASH Red-Eye Reduction When using flash in low-light conditions, light reflecting from the retina of your subject’s eyes may produce the effect known as red-eye. Use the built-in flash’s red-eye reduction mode to produce natural looking photographs. 1 Turn the function dial to 2 . While pressing the function button, turn the control dial until and appear on the data panel. • When you release the button, the display will return to normal and only will remain on the data panel.
SUBJECT-PROGRAM SELECTION Landscape Portraits have the greatest impact when a shallow depth-of-field* is used to separate the subject from the background. In portrait mode, the necessary settings are made automatically, leaving you free to capture the perfect expression. *Depth-of-field is the area in front of and behind the subject that appears sharp (p. 52). Landscape photography requires a large depth-of-field to make sure the subject and background are in focus.
SUBJECT-PROGRAM SELECTION Sports Use close-up mode when photographing small objects like flowers or jewelry. In close-up mode, the camera automatically sets the best possible aperture and shutter speed for close-up photography. • Focusing time can be longer with macro lenses. Fast shutter speeds are needed to stop action. In sports mode, the camera will set the fastest possible shutter speed and continually adjust the focus to track fast-moving subjects.
Night Portrait Photographing Night Scenes Night portraits balance the camera’s flash exposure with the background exposure. In night portrait mode, the camera control the aperture and shutter speed, allowing the background to appear in the photograph. Cancel the flash in night portrait mode to photograph night scenes. The longer shutter speeds set in night portrait mode let you capture beautiful photographs of twilight scenes and night skylines.
DRIVE MODES Self-timer The self-timer delays the release of the shutter for approximately 10 seconds after the shutter-release button is pressed. 3 Press the shutter-release button partway down to lock the focus. 1 Place the camera on a tripod. Press the drive-mode button until appears on the data panel. Single frame advance Remote-control 2 Self-timer 4 Press the shutter-release button all the way down to start the timer.
Continuous Advance For Owner’s of the Remote-control Function In this mode, the camera continues to release the shutter and advance the film as long as the shutter-release button is held down. The camera can be operated up to 5m (16.4 ft.) away with the IR Remote Control RC-3 (sold separately).* *The quartz-date model is equipped with the remote-control function. • The camera takes 1.7 frames per second, when setting the shutter-speed to above 1/250 second with flash cancel (p.
DRIVE MODES Focus Lock in Remote Control Mode When your subject is not centered in the focus frame, use manual focus or focus lock. 1 Set the camera to the remotecontrol mode. CREATIVE EXPOSURE MODES In this section you take full creative control of your camera. Depending on the selected exposure mode, you will control the aperture, shutter speed, or both when capturing your image.
APERTURE CONTROL SHUTTER CONTROL The size of the aperture (lens opening) determines the depth-of-field of the final image as well as the intensity of the light falling on the film. Depth-of-field is the range in front of and behind the subject that appears sharp in the final image. Depth of field increases as the focal length In addition to controlling the duration of the exposure, shutter speeds determine how moving subjects will appear in the final image.
EXPOSURE MODES Four exposure modes are available on this camera. Select the best exposure for your subject. A mode (Aperture Priority) (p.55) In A mode, you select the aperture and the camera automatically sets the shutter speed required for proper exposure. Set the camera to A mode when you want to control the depth-of-field in the image. A MODE - APERTURE PRIORITY In A mode, you select the aperture and the camera automatically sets the shutter speed required for proper exposure.
A MODE - APERTURE PRIORITY Release the function button. Turn the control dial to select the aperture. Flash with A Mode In A mode, flash will not fire automatically. When you want to use flash, pop-up the built-in flash or attach an accessory flash. • If 2000 or 30” blinks on the data panel, the aperture setting is beyond the camera’s shutter speed range. Turn the control dial until the shutter-speed display stops blinking. Press the flash-mode button to pop-up the built-in flash.
S MODE – SHUTTER PRIORITY Flash with S Mode In S mode, you select the shutter speed and the camera automatically sets the aperture required for proper exposure. Use S mode when you want to control the blur caused by subject movement or the stop the motion of the subject. In S mode, the flash will not fire automatically. When you want to use the flash, pop-up the built-in flash or attach an accessory flash. 1 Turn the function dial to . • 2 2 Turn the control dial to select the shutter speed.
M MODE – MANUAL M mode gives you full control over exposure. The exposurecompensation indicator displays the difference between your shutter speed and aperture settings and the exposure determined by the camera’s metering system. 2 Turn the function dial to While pressing the function button, turn the control dial until M appears on the data panel. Release the function button.
P MODE M-MODE – MANUAL Flash with M mode In M mode, the flash will not fire automatically. When you want to use the flash, pop-up the built-in flash or attach an accessory flash. • The camera’s automatic flash metering system will ensure proper exposure. Select P mode when you want to give your full attention to your subject and composition by letting the camera control both the shutter speeds and aperture.
EXPOSURE WARNINGS PS Mode The shutter speed can be changed in P mode with the Custom 8 - 3 setting.(p.109). 1 Set the camera to custom 8-3. See page 105 for instructions. Indicators will blink in the viewfinder or data panel when the level of available light is beyond the camera’s control. MODE P A 2 Press the shutter-release button partway down to display the shutter speed and aperture value. Turn the control dial to change the shutter speeds.
FOCUS AREA DETAILED OPERATION In this section you can move on to the detailed operation to expand your expertise. Read those pages pertaining to the areas of your interest and need. Wide Focus Area Wide focus area uses the camera’s three focus sensors to automatically focus on your subject. The wide focus area provides greater framing flexibility and makes it easier for the camera to focus on moving subjects. Wide focus area is the camera’s standard focus mode.
FOCUS AREA Spot Focus Area Local Focus Areas By simply pressing the spot AF button, the center spot focus area is selected. The focus and exposure settings will be made with the center spot focus area. Local focus area The spot focus area and the two local focus areas can be individually selected. Use the local focus areas with off-center subjects when the camera is fixed to a tripod. Spot focus area Spot focus area Place your subject inside the spot focus area. 2 Press and hold the spot AF button.
FOCUS AREA FOCUS MODES Focus Area Selection controls Your camera has four focus modes: With the focus-area custom function (Custom 9, p.109), how the focus area are selected can be changed. Custom 9 - (1) Select spot focus area While pressing the spot AF button, the spot focus area is activated. Local focus areas are selected with the control dial while pressing the spot AF button. When the spot AF button is released, the wide focus area is active. Custom 9 - (2) Select focus area.
FOCUS MODES Continuous AF Single-Shot AF Use single-shot AF when photographing static subjects. 1 2 Turn the function dial to While pressing the function button, turn the control dial until appears on the data panel. . 1 Turn the function dial to 2 While pressing the function button, turn the control dial until appears on the data panel. . • When taking pictures, the camera continues to focus while the shutterrelease button is pressed partway down. Focus lock cannot be used with continuous AF.
AF ILLUMINATOR FOCUS MODES Manual Focus The autofocus system can be used to monitor focus and indicate when a subject in the focus frame is in focus. The lens can be focused manually when autofocus and focus lock is not possible. 1 • Hold the focus-mode switch down and release. will appear on the data panel. • Pressing the spot AF button can also activate the AF illuminator. • The range of the AF Illuminator is approximately 1 to 5 m ( 3.3 to 16.4 ft.).
EXPOSURE – Metering System EXPOSURE – AE-LOCK 14-Segment Honeycomb-Pattern Metering Spot-AE Lock This is the camera’s standard metering mode and is appropriate for most photographic situations. • 14-segment honeycomb-pattern metering uses information from the autofocus system to set the metering pattern according to the position of the main subject. The light metered by each segment is then evaluated to determine the degree of spot-lighting or backlighting in the scene.
TAKING TIME EXPOSURES (buLb) EXPOSURE – AE-LOCK 3 Set the shutter speed to bulb when you want to take time exposures. When bulb is selected, the shutter remains open as long as the shutter-release button is pressed. The camera’s exposure meter does not work with bulb. 1 Mount the camera on a tripod. Set the camera to M mode (p.60). 2 Turn the control dial counterclockwise until appears on the data panel.
TAKING TIME EXPOSURES (buLb) While pressing the exposurecompensation button, turn the control dial to select the aperture. Attaching the Remote Cord (Sold Separately) To reduce the camera shake or for long exposures, the shutter can be released with the Remote Cord RC-1000S or RC-1000L. • Do not use the Wireless Controller IR-1N with this camera. Its use may permanent damage the camera. Exposurecompensation button Control dial 4 Compose the scene and focus on your subject.
EXPOSURE COMPENSATION The metering system in this camera averages the scene’s light values to determine the exposure. This is an accurate method for scenes with a normal tones. Bright scenes, such as snowy landscapes or sandy beaches, can deceive the camera’s meter and be underexposed. Dark scenes can be overexposed. Checking Exposure Compensation After releasing the exposure compensation button, or remains on the data panel and in the viewfinder to indicate that the exposure is being compensated.
Set the film speed manually when you want to override DX-coded film or when using non-DX-coded film. Film speeds can be set from ISO 6 to 6400 in 1/3Ev increments. • Non-DX coded film is initially set to the previous roll’s ISO. 1 Load the film. 2 Turn the function dial to ISO. 3 While pressing the function button, turn the control dial until the desired ISO value appears on the data panel. 4 EXPOSURE BRACKETING Bracketing automatically exposes a series of three frames with differing exposures.
EXPOSURE BRACKETING To make an automatic three-frame bracket. The drive mode is automatically set to continuous advance when bracketing is selected. Hold the shutter-release button all the way down to make the bracket. 1 • Three frames will be taken. Do not release the shutter button until all three exposures are made. • If the shutter button is released before the three exposures are made, the current bracket will be canceled. • Exposure is locked with the first frame of the series.
MULTIPLE EXPOSURE The multiple-exposure function makes it possible to expose two or more images on the same frame. • Flash cannot be used with multiple exposure. 2 Turn the function dial to 4 While pressing the function button, turn the control dial one click counterclockwise to stop the from blinking. 5 Press the shutter-release button to take the picture. 6 Repeat 4 and 5 for each additional exposure.
FLASH MULTIPLE EXPOSURE Your camera’s built-in flash provides coverage for a 28mm wide-angle lens, with a flash guide number of 12 (ISO100). This section of your manual covers the operation of accessory flashes as well as the built-in flash. Canceling Multiple Exposure The multiple exposure series can be canceled before the last frame is taken. 1 Turn the function dial to 2 Press the function button and turn the control dial until appears on the data panel. .
FLASH Attaching the Program Flash TTL metering (Through The Lens): The accessory flash units fit in the shoe located on the top of your camera. The TTL flash metering system controls the flash during the exposure automatically.
SLOW-SYNC WIRELESS/REMOTE FLASH In P and A modes, slow-shutter sync sets the shutter speed and aperture value for ambient lighting and balances the flash output with the exposure . • Slow sync cannot be used in S mode, or M mode. Photographs taken with the flash attached to the camera are flat as shown in photo . Use an accessory flash positioned away from the camera it to obtain three-dimensional lighting as shown in photo .
WIRELESS/REMOTE FLASH Setting Wireless/Remote Flash Mode 1 Attach the accessory flash to the camera before turning the flash and camera on. • The flash must be mounted on the accessory shoe because the camera needs to send a signal to the flash to turn on its wireless/remote function. Taking Pictures in Wireless/Remote Flash Mode The accessory flash is controlled by a light signal from the built-in flash.
WIRELESS/REMOTE FLASH • appears in the viewfinder when the built-in flash is charged. • When the wireless/remote flash is charged, on the rear of the flash is lit. • Pressing the spot-AE lock button will test fire the accessory flash. If the accessory flash does not fire, change its position. • To test fire the accessory flash, custom 10 should be set to 1 (p.110). 3 Press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture.
FOR OWNERS OF THE QUARTZ DATE MODEL 3 The quartz-date function lets you record the date or time on the lower-left corner of the photograph. The quartz date back has an automatic calendar through the year 2039. • Imprinted data may be difficult to read if the lower-left corner of the photograph is bright or non-uniform. • Do not use the data back when temperatures are outside the range of 0° to 50°C (32° to 122°F).
FOR OWNERS OF THE QUARTZ DATE MODEL Changing the Date Format 1 Press the date button. 2 Press and hold the select button (SEL) for 3 seconds until the date on the data panel blinks. 3 Turn the control dial to change the format. CUSTOM FUNCTIONS • The format will change in the following sequence: Year / Month / Day Month / Day / Year 4 Day / Month / Year Press the shutter-release button to set the format. • The usual display will return.
CUSTOM FUNCTIONS Cust 1 Cust 2 Cust 3 Cust 4 Cust 5 Cust 6 Cust 7 Cust 8 Cust 9 Cust 10 Cust 11 Cust 12 104 1 2 1 Film Rewind Start 2 1 Film Tip 2 1 DX Memory 2 Shutter-release 1 Lock (Film) 2 1 Focus-hold Button (Lens) 2 1 AF Illuminator (built-in flash) 2 1 P Mode Settings 2 3 1 Spot AF Lock 2 Button 3 1 Spot-AE Lock Button 2 1 Flash Metering 2 Shutter-release 1 Lock (Lens) 2 AF / Shutterrelease Priority Setting AF Priority Shutter-release Priority Automatic Manual Film Tip Rewound Film Tip Left Out DX
CUSTOM FUNCTIONS Resetting All of the Custom Functions to Default Custom 3 - Film Tip You can reset all of the custom functions to their default settings (1). (1) Film Tip Rewound Film is completely rewound into the cartridge. 1 2 3 Turn the main switch to OFF. Turn the function dial to CUST. While pressing the function button, slide the main switch from OFF to ON. (2) Film Tip Left Out The film leader is exposed after rewind.
CUSTOM FUNCTIONS Custom 8 - P Mode Settings Custom 6 - Focus-hold Button (Lens) This custom function changes the operation of a lens with a focus-hold button. (1) Focus Hold Pressing the focus-hold button on the lens locks the autofocus. (2) Continuous Autofocus Press and hold the focus-hold button on the lens to activate the continuous-autofocus mode. Focus-hold button (1) Normal P Mode (p. 63) You cannot shift the shutter speed or aperture in P mode. • Flash will fire automatically when it’s necessary.
CUSTOM FUNCTIONS Custom 10 - Spot-AE Lock Button Custom 11 - Flash Metering This custom function changes the operation of spot-AE lock button. • When the built-in flash is up or an attached accessory flash is on and the spot-AE lock button is pressed, slow sync will be activated (p. 94). Your camera uses ADI flash metering as the standard flash metering mode, but it can be changed. • This applies to both the built-in and accessory flash.
PROGRAM-RESET BUTTON APPENDIX Press the program-reset button to return the following camera functions to their program settings. SETTING Exposure mode P Autofocus mode Autofocus Focus area Wide focus frame Flash mode Autoflash* Exposure Compensation 0.
ACCESSORY INFORMATION This camera is designed to work specifically with lenses and accessories manufactured and distributed by Minolta. Using incompatible accessories with this camera may result in unsatisfactory performance or damage to the camera and its accessories. Lens Hood Flare is non-image forming light that degrades image quality. A lens hood improves image quality by reducing flare. • Remove the lens hood before using the camera’s built-in flash.
ACCESSORY INFORMATION Accessory Flash Control Angle FinderVN /MagnifierVN Setting the flash mode with the camera While pressing the flash-mode button, turn the control dial to select the desired flash mode. Remove the eyepiece cup when attaching a finder accessory. • Push up to remove the eyepiece cup. • The camera sets the flash mode on the accessory flash immediately. 3600HS(D) Setting the flash mode with the flash With the flash off, attach it to the accessory shoe. Turn the flash on.
TROUBLE SHOOTING Contact your nearest Minolta Service Facility if the following information does not cover the problem which you are experiencing or the condition continues. Autofocus does not work when the shutter-release button is pressed partway down. Cause Flash fires when the shutter-release button is pressed partway down. Picture is blurred. 118 Page Situation is unsuitable Use focus lock or for autofocus. manual focus. 34/ 74 Camera is set to manual focus mode.
CARE AND STORAGE • This camera is designed for use from -20° to 50°C (4 to 122 °F). • Never leave your camera where it may be subjected to extreme temperatures such as in the glove compartment of a car. • The data panel response time will be slow at cold temperatures. The display will temporarily darken at high temperatures, but will be restored when the temperature normalizes. • This camera is not waterproof or splashproof. When using the camera in the rain, protect the camera and lens.
SPECIFICATIONS Lens Mount: Viewfinder: Shutter Type: Speeds: Flash sync speed: 35mm SLR with built-in flash, autoexposure (AE), and action predictive autofocus (AF) Minolta A-type bayonet mount SLR roof mirror type, 90% field of view, Magnification: 0.75X Electronically-controlled, vertical-traverse, focal-plane type 30 sec. - 1/2000 sec., bulb 1/90s or slower Focus Type: TTL phase-detection system, multi metering with cross hair type CCD line sensor metering cell. Autofocus and manual focus modes.
INDEX Subject Page Subject Page L Large Aperture............................................................................................ 52 Local Focus Areas...................................................................................... 69 M Manual Mode.............................................................................................. 60 Manual Rewind .......................................................................................... 26 MD and MC Series Lenses ..............
APPENDIX MEMO 126 127
Minolta Co., Ltd. 3-13, 2-Chome, Azuchi-Machi, Chuo-Ku, Osaka 541-8556, Japan Minolta Europe GmbH Reparatur/Repair Minolta France S.A. Minolta (UK) Limited Minolta Austria Ges. m.b.H. Minolta Camera Benelux B.V. Belgian Branch Minolta (Schweiz) AG Minolta Svenska AB Finnish Branch Minolta Portugal Limitada Minolta Corporation Minolta Canada Inc. Minolta Hong Kong Limited Minolta Singapore (Pte) Ltd. Shanghai Minolta Optical Products Co., Ltd.
