Kramer Electronics, Ltd.
Contents Contents 1 2 2.1 3 4 4.1 5 6 6.1 6.2 Introduction Getting Started Quick Start Overview Your Video Matrix Switcher Using the IR Transmitter Installing the VS-3232V on a Rack Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher Connecting the VS-3232V as a Composite Video Switcher Assembling a Multi-channel Video Switcher 1 1 1 3 4 9 10 11 11 13 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.
Contents 7.5.1 7.5.2 Storing Setups Recalling Setups 33 33 7.6 7.7 7.8 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 9 9.
Contents Figure 15: Splash Screen Figure 16: Atmel – Flip Window Figure 17: Device Selection Window Figure 18: Device Selection window Figure 19: Loading the Hex Figure 20: RS-232 Window Figure 21: Atmel – Flip Window (Connected) Figure 22: Atmel – Flip Window (Operation Completed) Figure 23: The KFR-Programmer Window 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 48 Tables Table 1: Front Panel VS-3232V 32x32 Video Matrix Switcher Features Table 2: Rear Panel VS-3232V 32x32 Video Matrix Switcher Features Table 3: Dipswitch Defi
Introduction 1 Introduction Welcome to Kramer Electronics (since 1981): a world of unique, creative and affordable solutions to the infinite range of problems that confront the video, audio and presentation professional on a daily basis. In recent years, we have redesigned and upgraded most of our line, making the best even better! Our 500-plus different models now appear in 8 Groups1, which are clearly defined by function. Congratulations on purchasing your Kramer VS-3232V 32x32 Video Matrix Switcher.
Getting Started 2 KRAMER: SIMPLE CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY
Overview 3 Overview The Kramer VS-3232V is a high performance x32 vertical interval matrix switcher for composite video signals on BNC connectors. It features a video bandwidth of over 300MHz that ensures transparent performance even in the most critical applications. Three SYNC switching options make the VS-3232V appropriate for a wide range of glitch-free transition applications.
Your Video Matrix Switcher To achieve the best performance: Connect only good quality connection cables, thus avoiding interference, deterioration in signal quality due to poor matching, and elevated noise levels (often associated with low quality cables) Avoid interference from neighboring electrical appliances that may adversely influence signal quality and position your Kramer VS-3232V in a location free from moisture and away from excessive sunlight and dust 4 Your Video Matrix Switcher Figure 1 and
Your Video Matrix Switcher 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 TAKE MENU LOCK Figure 1: VS-3232V 32x32 Video Matrix Switcher Front Panel 5
Your Video Matrix Switcher Table 1: Front Panel VS-3232V 32x32 Video Matrix Switcher Features 7 8 9 Feature ESC 1 STO 1 ALL Button Labels Double-function Selector Buttons Area 4 5 6 Menu Buttons # 1 2 3 1 OFF RCL1 ENT (Forward) (Backward) Digits from 0 to 9 10 11 12 13 FOLLOW Button BREAKAWAY Button DEFAULT SETUP Button INPUTS/OUTPUTS LCD Display 14 15 LOCK Button MENU Button 16 17 18 TAKE Button Power Switch IR Receiver Function Press to exit the current operation Press to store the curren
Your Video Matrix Switcher Figure 2: VS-3232V 32x32 Video Matrix Switcher Rear Panel 7
Your Video Matrix Switcher Table 2: Rear Panel VS-3232V 32x32 Video Matrix Switcher Features # 1 2 3 4 Feature INPUT BNC Connectors OUTPUT BNC Connectors 1 REMOTE IR Opening 5 RS-485 Detachable Terminal Block Port FLASH MAIN Button 6 ETHERNET Connector 7 FACTORY RESET Button 8 FLASH – Normal Switch 9 10 RS-232 11 12 13 Power Connector with Fuse SETUP Dipswitches 14 GENLOCK Double BNC Connectors TERM 75 IN DB 9F Port OUT DB 9M Port Button Function Connect to the video sources (from 1 to 32
Your Video Matrix Switcher 4.1 Using the IR Transmitter You can use the RC-IR2 IR transmitter to control the machine via the built-in IR receiver on the front panel or, instead, via an optional external IR receiver1. The external IR receiver can be located up to 15 meters away from the machine. This distance can be extended to up to 60 meters when used with three extension cables2.
Installing the VS-3232V on a Rack 5 Installing the VS-3232V on a Rack This section describes what to do before installing on a rack and how to rack mount. Before Installing on a Rack Before installing on a rack, be sure that the environment is within the recommended range: How to Rack Mount To rack-mount a machine: 1 Attach both ear brackets to the machine. To do so, remove the screws from each side of the machine (5 on each side), and replace those screws through the ear brackets.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6 Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher You can install the VS-3232V as: A composite video standalone switcher (see section 6.1) An s-Video switcher, by combining two VS-3232V switchers: one unit for the Y signal and the second unit for the C signal (see section 6.2.1) A component video (YUV/RGB) switcher, by combining three VS-3232V units: one for the Y signal, the second for the U signal and the third for the V signal (see section 6.2.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher Figure 3: Configuring the VS-3232V for Composite Video 12 KRAMER: SIMPLE CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6.2 Assembling a Multi-channel Video Switcher You can configure several VS-3232V units as 32x32 multi-channel video switchers for: s-Video (Y/C) by combining two VS-3232V units (see section 6.2.1) YUV (RGB) by combining three VS-3232V units (see section 6.2.2) RGBS by combining four VS-3232V units (see section 6.2.3) In a multi-channel video switcher configuration, only one unit can be the Master (with DIP 6 OFF). The other units must be Slaves (with DIP 6 ON).
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6.2.1 Configuring a 32x32 Y/C Switcher (Two Units) You can configure a 32x32 video matrix switcher for s-Video (Y/C), by combining two VS-3232V switchers. Note that the machine number on both units must be identical. Although in the example in Figure 4 only one input1 and one output2 are connected, you can connect all the inputs and outputs in the same way to create a 32x32 Y/C switcher.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6.2.2 Configuring a 32x32 YUV/RGB Switcher (Three Units) Configure a 32x32 video matrix switcher for YUV/RGB by combining1 three VS-3232V switchers. Note that the machine number on all three units must be identical. Although in the example in Figure 5 only one input2 and one output3 are connected, you can connect all the inputs and outputs in the same way to create a 32x32 YUV/RGB switcher.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6.2.3 Configuring a 32x32 RGBS Switcher (Four Units) Configure four VS-3232V switchers as a 32x32 video matrix switcher for RGBS1, in a similar way to how Figure 5 in section 6.2.2 illustrates combining three VS-3232V switchers for YUV (RGB). 6.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6.3.1 Setting the MACHINE # To control a unit remotely via RS-232, RS-485, IR or the Ethernet, each unit has to be identified via its unique Machine #. Set the Machine #1 on a VS-3232V unit according to Table 4. Table 4: Machine # Dipswitch Settings Mach. # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6.3.2 DIP 1 ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF DIP 2 OFF ON ON OFF OFF ON ON OFF DIP 3 OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON OFF DIP 4 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON Mach.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher You must set DIP 5 ON to enable the FOLLOW-SYSTEM mode in an interconnected varied-format switcher application. You must set the machine number on each machine to a different value. Refer to section 7.7 for a description of the FOLLOW-SYSTEM and BREAKAWAY-FROM- SYSTEM modes MENUs. 6.3.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6.3.4 The System Mode versus the Master/Slave Mode The Follow mode seems similar to the Slave mode since in both modes the unit switches via commands from another unit. Table 5 summarizes the differences between the System mode and the Slave mode: Table 5: The System Mode versus the Slave Mode System Mode The unit can be switched in the Follow or Breakaway mode at any time, depending on the current application requirements. Any unit can be turned on or off at any time.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6.4.1 Connecting the RS-232 Control Interface You can connect several switchers (from the series of 32x32 or 16x16 matrix switchers) and the control unit in an RS-232 daisy chain arrangement, with or without using a Null-modem adapter, as Figure 7 illustrates. The RS-232 daisy chain switcher arrangement is transparent.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6.4.1.1 Connecting a PC to a VS-3232V Unit via RS-232 To connect a PC to a VS-3232V unit, using the Null-modem adapter provided with the machine (the default): 1. Connect the RS-232 IN DB9F rear panel port on the Master VS-3232V unit to the Null-modem adapter and connect the Null-modem adapter with a 9-wire flat cable1 to the RS-232 DB9 port on your PC. 2. Set DIP 7 OFF2 (enabling Null-modem adapter use) on the VS-3232V unit.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6.4.2 Connecting the RS-485 Control Interface Figure 8 defines the RS-485 connector PINOUT for external RS-485 control. The RS-485 connector is also used (if required) for vertical sync: Figure 8: RS-485 Connector PINOUT To connect an RS-485 connector on one VS-3232V unit to an RS-485 connector on one or more other switchers (from the series of 32x32 or 16x16 matrix switchers), as Figure 9 illustrates: 1.
A B G Sync Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher Vertical Sync Figure 9: Connecting the RS-485 Connectors between two VS-3232V Units Figure 10 illustrates the RS-485 line that connects: Between each VS-3232V unit To the PC via a Kramer Tools VP-43xl Interface Converter (connect the PC’s DB 9 COM port to the RS-232 IN DB9F port on the VP-43xl.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher EXT SYNC MACHINE # 1 DIP 8 OFF MACHINE # 1 DIP 8 OFF 32x32 Component Video Switcher (Three VS-3232Vxl Units) MACHINE # 1 DIP 8 ON Figure 10: RS-485 Control Interface and SYNC Connections for Component Switcher 24 KRAMER: SIMPLE CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6.5 Configuring the Sync You can configure the method of the switching between the video sources in the VS-3232V.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6.6 Controlling via the ETHERNET You can connect the VS-3232V via the Ethernet, using a crossover cable (see section 6.6.1) for direct connection to the PC or a straight through cable (see section 6.6.2) for connection via a network hub or network router1. 6.6.1 Connecting the ETHERNET Port directly to a PC (Crossover Cable) You can connect the Ethernet port of the VS-3232V to the Ethernet port on your PC, via a crossover cable with RJ-45 connectors.
Connecting the Video Matrix Switcher 6. Select Use the following IP Address, and fill in the details as shown in Figure 12. 7. Click OK. Figure 12: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties Window 6.6.2 Connecting the ETHERNET Port via a Network Hub (StraightThrough Cable) You can connect the Ethernet port of the VS-3232V to the Ethernet port on a network hub or network router, via a straight-through cable with RJ-45 connectors. 6.6.
Operating Your Video Matrix Switcher 7 Operating Your Video Matrix Switcher This section describes: The startup display (see section 7.1) How to use the selector buttons (see section 7.2) How to confirm actions (see section 7.3) The switching options (see section 7.4) How to store and recall setups (see section 7.5) The DEFAULT SETUP button (see section 7.6) How to Choose the FOLLOW or the BREAKAWAY modes (see section 7.7) How to Lock and unlock the front panel (see section 7.8) 7.
Operating Your Video Matrix Switcher 7.1.1 Viewing the Display Figure 13 shows the output-input cross-points on the LCD display. The LCD display can show only 13 input/output combinations at a time from the available 32. By shifting the contents of the display to the right or to the left, via the or the buttons on the front panel, respectively, you can view the full contents of the display.
Operating Your Video Matrix Switcher In the Confirm mode (the TAKE button illuminates): You can key-in an action and then confirm it by pressing the TAKE button Every action requires user confirmation, protecting against erroneous switching Execution is delayed until the user confirms the action1 7.3.1 Toggling between the At Once and Confirm Modes To toggle between the At Once and Confirm modes, do the following: 1.
Operating Your Video Matrix Switcher 7.4.1 Switching one Input to one Output To switch one input to one output (in the At Once mode): 1. Press the appropriate digit buttons (for example, 06 representing output 6). The LCD display shows the following on the right side: / / 01 '+ The left-hand side of the display shows a segment of the input-output display, automatically shifting the content to show the 06 output. 2.
Operating Your Video Matrix Switcher 7.4.3 Switching one Input to all Outputs To switch one input to all the outputs (in the At Once mode): 1. Press the MENU button once. The Menu buttons1 illuminate and are enabled. 2. Press the illuminated ALL button. The LCD display shows the message: // 01 3. Press the appropriate digit buttons (for example, 09 representing input 9). All the outputs switch to this input. The LCD display shows all the outputs switched to the input 9.
Operating Your Video Matrix Switcher 7.5 Storing and Recalling Setups You can store up to 59 settings in the non-volatile memory with the ability to recall each of those settings. 7.5.1 Storing Setups To store a setting, do the following: 1. Press the MENU button once. The Menu buttons1 illuminate and are enabled. 2. Press the illuminated STO button. The LCD display shows the message: 01 // 3. Insert a digit from 01 to 59 (for example, press 1 twice for 11).
Operating Your Video Matrix Switcher When in the CONFIRM mode (the TAKE button is illuminated), repeat the steps above and then press the TAKE button to confirm the action. After recalling a setup in the CONFIRM mode, while the TAKE button is blinking, you can review the content of the recalled setup using the or the buttons.
Operating Your Video Matrix Switcher 2. Press the DEFAULT SETUP button a second time to recall the default setup. The DEFAULT SETUP button stops blinking and no longer illuminates, the TAKE button blinks and the following message appears on the LCD display: : 9 3. Press the TAKE button to confirm the action or press the ESC button to cancel the operation. If the DEFAULT SETUP was recalled, the DEFAULT SETUP button illuminates. 7.
Operating Your Video Matrix Switcher If the cross-points status of the VS-3232V is different from the other online switchers in the FOLLOW-System mode, the FOLLOW button stops blinking and the TAKE button blinks, and the LCD display shows the following message: 9 8 : : $ : = 3. Press the TAKE button. The VS-3232V moves to the FOLLOW-System mode.
The MENU Commands 8 The MENU Commands The menu lets you configure the VS-3232V to best suit your needs. To enter the configuration menu, press the menu button twice. The MENU button illuminates. And the following message appears on the LCD display: 9 : 5 % > : When browsing through the configuration menu, the enabled buttons are illuminated. The ESC button is not illuminated, but is always enabled. Use the configuration menu as follows: 1. Press the MENU button to scroll through the menu items1. 2.
The MENU Commands 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 MENU 9 : 5 0 TAKE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 % > : MENU MENU 0 < TAKE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 #? 3( "? @ =A @ =A )? @ = < / MENU 4 9 0 9 MENU (? TAKE 1 9 : = < ?7 < TAKE 7 % > : 9 / MENU Button blinks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TAKE 7 0 % TAKE < % 9 MENU To the next menu item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 MENU 0 ? TAKE )-*= 9 : = = MENU Figure 14: Setting the SYNC Configuration (an example
The MENU Commands The configuration menu includes the following items: SYNC configuration (see section 8.1) INTERFACE configuration (see section 8.2) Interface REPLY configuration (see section 8.3) PROTOCOL configuration (see section 8.4) DEFAULT setup configuration (see section 8.5) Store DEFAULT setup (see section 8.6) Indication of the current Firmware version (see section 8.7) TOTAL RESET options (see section 8.8) 8.
The MENU Commands 8.3 Selecting the Interface REPLY Configuration Table 8 summarizes the interface REPLY configuration options: Table 8: Interface REPLY Configuration Menu Press: To select: Turn reply ON 1 Never REPLY 2 After the change: All the interfaces that are set to ON accept and execute commands and also reply All the interfaces that are set to ON accept and execute commands but do not reply 8.
The MENU Commands 8.7 The Main Firmware Version The main firmware version menu shows information regarding the latest main and Ethernet firmware versions, for example: > ? (&'' ? 5 9 :& : This information lets you decide whether a firmware upgrade is required. It is recommended to upgrade the firmware only after consulting with the Kramer technical support staff 8.8 Selecting the TOTAL RESET Option The TOTAL RESET options requires you to press the blinking TAKE button twice for double confirmation.
Flash Memory Upgrade 9 Flash Memory Upgrade The VS-3232V lets you upgrade both the: Switcher Microcontroller (see section 9.1) Ethernet Microcontroller (see section 9.2) 9.1 Switcher Flash Memory Upgrade The VS-3232V firmware is located in FLASH memory, which can be upgraded to the latest Kramer firmware version in minutes! The process involves: Downloading from the Internet (see section 9.1.1) Connecting the PC to the RS-232 port (see section 9.1.2) Upgrading Firmware (see section 9.1.3) 9.1.
Flash Memory Upgrade 9.1.3 Upgrading Firmware Follow these steps to upgrade the firmware: 1. Double click the desktop icon: “Shortcut to FLIP.EXE”. The Splash screen appears as follows: Figure 15: Splash Screen 2. After a few seconds, the Splash screen is replaced by the “Atmel – Flip” window: Figure 16: Atmel – Flip Window 3. Press the keyboard shortcut key F2 (or select the “Select” command from the Device menu, or press the integrated circuit icon in the upper right corner of the window).
Flash Memory Upgrade Figure 17: Device Selection Window 4. Click the button next to the name of the device and select from the list: AT89C51ED2: AT89C51ED2 T89C51RD2 Figure 18: Device Selection window 5. Click OK and select “Load Hex” from the File menu.
Flash Memory Upgrade Figure 19: Loading the Hex 6. The Open File window opens. Select the correct HEX file that contains the updated version of the firmware for VS-3232V (for example 32M_V1p2.hex) and click Open. 7. Press the keyboard shortcut key F3 (or select the “Communication / RS232” command from the Settings menu, or press the keys: Alt SCR). The “RS232” window appears. Change the COM port according to the configuration of your computer and select the 9600 baud rate: Figure 20: RS-232 Window 8.
Flash Memory Upgrade Verify that in the Buffer Information column, the “HEX File: VS3232V.hex” appears. VS3232V.hex Figure 21: Atmel – Flip Window (Connected) 9. Click Run. After each stage of the operation is completed, the check-box for that stage becomes colored green1. When the operation is completed, all 4 check-boxes will be colored green and the status bar message: Memory Verify Pass appears2: VS3232V.
Flash Memory Upgrade 10. Close the “ Atmel –Flip” window. 11. Disconnect the power on the VS-3232V. 12. If required, disconnect the RS-232 rear panel port on the VS-3232V unit from the Null-modem adapter. 13. Release the FLASH MAIN button on the rear panel. 14. Connect the power to the VS-3232V. Upon initialization, the new VS-3232V software version shows in the INPUT STATUS 7-segment Display. 9.
Flash Memory Upgrade 9.2.3 Upgrading Firmware Follow these steps to upgrade the firmware: 1. Double click the KFR-Programmer desktop icon. The KFR-Programmer window appears (see Figure 23). Figure 23: The KFR-Programmer Window 2. Select the required COM Port1. 3. Press the File button to select the .s19 firmware file included in the package. 4. Press the Send button to download the file. The Send button lights red. 5. Wait until downloading is completed and the red Send button turns off. 6.
Technical Specifications 10 Technical Specifications Table 12 includes the technical specifications: Table 12: Technical Specifications of the VS-3232V Video Matrix Switcher INPUTS: 32 composite video, 1Vpp / 75 OUTPUTS: 32 composite video, 1Vpp / 75 on BNC connectors >300MHz, -3dB / >50MHz, 0.1dB <-49dB @5MHz <0.2% 70dB unweighted / 78dB @5MHz weighted <0.15% <0.08 Deg. <0.
Communication Protocols Table 13: Hex Table (IN 1-32 to OUT 1-16) IN 1 OUT 1 OUT 2 OUT 3 OUT 4 OUT 5 OUT 6 OUT 7 OUT 8 OUT 9 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 IN 6 OUT 10 OUT 11 OUT 12 OUT 13 OUT 14 OUT 15 A B C D E F A B C D E F A B C D E F A B C D E F A B C D E F A B C D E F A B C D E F A B C D E F A B C D E F OUT 16 IN IN 8 IN IN 10 A A A A A A A A A A A A B A C A D A E A F A IN 11 B B B B B B B 7 B B B A B B B C B
Communication Protocols OUT 1 OUT 2 OUT 3 OUT 4 OUT 5 OUT 6 OUT 7 OUT 8 OUT 9 OUT 10 OUT 11 OUT 12 OUT 13 OUT 14 OUT 15 OUT 16 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 A 9 B 9 C 9 D 9 E 9 F 9 IN 19 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 A 9 B 9 C 9 D 9 E 9 F 9 IN 20 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 A 9 B 9 C 9 D 9 E 9 F 9 IN 21 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 A 9 B 9 C 9 D 9 E 9 F 9 IN 22 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 A 9 B 9 C 9 D 9 E 9 F 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 A 9 B 9 C
Communication Protocols Table 14: Hex Table (IN 1-32 to OUT 17-32) IN 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 IN 6 OUT 17 OUT 18 OUT 19 OUT 20 OUT 21 OUT 22 OUT 23 OUT 24 OUT 25 OUT 26 OUT 27 OUT 28 OUT 29 OUT 30 OUT 31 OUT 32 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 9F A 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 9F A 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 9F A 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 9F A 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 9F A 9 9 9 9 9 9
Communication Protocols IN 18 IN 19 IN 20 IN 21 IN 22 IN IN 24 IN IN 26 IN 27 IN 28 IN 29 IN 30 IN 31 IN 32 OUT 17 OUT 18 OUT 19 OUT 20 OUT 21 OUT 22 OUT 23 OUT 24 OUT 25 OUT 26 OUT 27 OUT 28 OUT 29 OUT 30 OUT 31 OUT 32 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9A 9 9B 9 9C 9 9D 9 9E 9 9F 9 A 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9A 9 9B 9 9C 9 9D 9 9E 9 9F 9 A 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9A 9 9B 9 9C 9 9D 9 9E 9 9F 9 A 9 9 9 9 9 9
Communication Protocols 11.2 ASCII Protocol: General The ASCII protocol has three basic commands: Y for connect, T for recall, P for store. Before using the ASCII protocol, you need to select it from the machine’ s front panel. Press the MENU button until you get to “ set communication protocol” and then choose the ASCII protocol. This is saved in the non-volatile memory, so the machine will remain as ASCII even after cycling power.
LIMITED WARRANTY Kramer Electronics (hereafter Kramer) warrants this product free from defects in material and workmanship under the following terms. HOW LONG IS THE WARRANTY Labor and parts are warranted for seven years from the date of the first customer purchase. WHO IS PROTECTED? Only the first purchase customer may enforce this warranty. WHAT IS COVERED AND WHAT IS NOT COVERED Except as below, this warranty covers all defects in material or workmanship in this product.
For the latest information on our products and a list of Kramer distributors, visit our Web site: www.kramerelectronics.com, where updates to this user manual may be found. We welcome your questions, comments and feedback. Safety Warning: Disconnect the unit from the power supply before opening/servicing. Caution Kramer Electronics, Ltd. Web site: www.kramerelectronics.com E-mail: info@kramerel.
