Instruction Manual Earth Resistance/ Earth Resistivity Tester KEW 4106
Contents 1. Safety Warnings ...............................................................................................1 2. How to store the Cover ....................................................................................5 2-1 Method of removing the Cover ...............................................................5 2-2 Method of storing the Cover ...................................................................5 3. Features ................................................................
9. Measurement Method ................................................................................... 24 9-1 Earth Resistance Measurement ........................................................... 24 9-1-1 Precise Measurement (3-Wire) ..................................................... 25 9-1-2 Precise Measurement (4-Wire) ..................................................... 27 9-1-3 Simplified Measurement (2-Wire) ................................................
1. Safety Warnings This instrument has been designed, manufactured and tested according to IEC 61010: Safety requirements for Electronic Measuring apparatus, and delivered in the best condition after passing quality control tests. This instruction manual contains warnings and safety rules which have to be observed by the user to ensure safe operation of the instrument and to maintain it in safe condition. Therefore, read through these operating instructions before using the instrument.
● ● ● ● ● ● ● # DANGER Never make measurement on a circuit in which electrical potentials exceeding AC/DC300V exist. Do not attempt to make measurement in the presence of flammable gasses. Otherwise, the use of the instrument may cause sparking, which can lead to an explosion. Never attempt to use the instrument if it’s surface or your hand are wet. Be careful not to short-circuit the power line with the metal part of the test leads when measuring a voltage. It may cause personal injury.
● ● ● ● ● ● # CAUTION Set and check the Range switch to the appropriate position before making measurement. Set the Range switch to“OFF”position after use and remove the test leads. The instrument consume small current at any range other than OFF, and it shortens the battery life. Remove the batteries if the instrument is to be stored and will not be in use for a long period. Do not expose the instrument to direct sunlight, high temperatures, humidity or dew.
Symbols The circuit from the service drop to the service entrance, and CAT.IV to the power meter and primary overcurrent protection device (distribution panel) Primary electrical circuits of the equipment connected directly to CAT.III the distribution panel, and feeders from the distribution panel to outlets. Instrument with double or reinforced insulation # User must refer to the explanations in the instruction manual. This instrument meets CAT. III 300V/ CAT.IV150V.
2. How to store the Cover This instrument has a dedicated Cover to protect against impacts from the outside and prevent the instrument body from becoming dirty. The Cover can be detached and put on the backside of the main body during measurements. 2-1 Method of removing the Cover Slide and pull the Cover in the direction of an arrow. fig. 1 2-2 Method of storing the Cover Turn the Cover, slide and push it in the direction of arrow. fig.
3. Features KEW4106 is a 2/ 3/ 4-Wire Digital Earth Resistance/ Earth Resistivity Tester equipped with a microcomputer and can measure earth resistances and calculate earth resistivities (ρ). This instrument can measure earth resistances on power distribution lines, in-house wiring system and electrical appliances etc. due to the low output voltage: approx 10Vrms or less. ● Designed to meet following safety standards. IEC 61010-1 (CAT.III 300V, CAT.
4. Specification ● Applicable Standards IEC 61010-1 Measurement CAT.III 300V, CAT.IV 150V Pollution degree 2 IEC 61010-031 Standard for hand-held Probes IEC 61557-1, 5 Earth Resistance Tester IEC 61326-1 EMC Standard IEC 60529 IP 54 ● Measuring range and accuracy (23ºC±5ºC, relative humidity 45~75%RH) Measuring Function Range Resolution Accuracy Range 2Ω 0.001Ω 0.03∼2.099Ω ±2%rdg.±0.03Ω Earth 20Ω 0.01Ω 0.03∼20.99Ω Resistance 200Ω 0.1Ω 0.30∼209.9Ω Note 1) Re 2000Ω 1Ω 3.0∼2099Ω (Rg at ρ ±2%rdg.
● Measuring method for Earth Resistance Fall-of-potential method (currents and voltages measured via the Probes) ● Measurement method of Earth Resistivity (ρ) Wenner 4-pole method ● Output Characteristics Measuring Voltage Um (max.) approx 10Vrms 94Hz, 105Hz, 111Hz, 128Hz Measuring Current Im (max.
● Dimension 167（L）x 185（W）x 89（D）mm ● Weight approx 900g（including batteries） ● Power source DC12V : sizeAA manganese dry battery (R6P) x 8 pcs * In a use of this instrument under low temperature below 0ºC, a use of alkaline batteries with low temperature spec is recommended. ● Maximum Operating Error Operating error (B) is an error obtained within the rated operating conditions, and calculated with the intrinsic error (A), which is an error of the instrument used, and the error (En) due to variations.
5.
● LCD Indications Memory No. Site No. Month-Day Time Wiring Measuring signal frequency Main Display Cursor Key is active. Result Display Screen ● Accessories Precision Measurement Test Leads MODEL7229 (red 40m, yellow 20m, black 20m, green 20m) # DANGER ● Do not connect these Test Leads where electrical potentials exceeding 33Vrms with peak value of 46V or DC70V.
Auxiliary Earth Spike MODEL8032 x 2 sets (4 spikes in total) Cord Reel MODEL8200-04 x 1set (4reels in total) (for MODEL7229) Optical Adaptor MODEL8212USB x 1 set Communication Software CD-ROM“KEW Report”x 1 pce SizeAA Manganese battery (R6P) x 8 pcs Carrying case MODEL9125 Shoulder strap x 1 pce 12
6. Marks and Messages displayed on the LCD Following marks and messages are displayed while measurements. Marks and Messages Details Battery voltage is low. Replace the batteries. This mark is being displayed during a measurement. Measuring range for the selected Range is exceeded. In case of Ust measurements, 50V or more is detected. Failed to make successful measurements Rk is exceeded the limit value; exceeding 2Ω at 2 Ω Range and exceeding 9Ω at 20Ω Range.
7. Measurement Principle 7-1 Principle of Earth Resistance Measurements This instrument makes earth resistance measurements with fall-of-potential method, which is a method to obtain earth resistance value“Rx”by applying AC constant current“I”between the measurement object“E”(earth electrode) and“H(C)”(current electrode), and finding out the potential difference“V“ between“E”(earth electrode) and“S(P)”(potential electrode). See Fig.3. Fig.
8. Preparation for Measurement 8-1 Battery Voltage Check Power on the instrument. If the display is clear without the Low battery mark " showing, battery voltage is sufficient. If the display blanks or the " Low battery mark is indicated (Fig.5), replace the batteries according to“11. for Battery and Fuse Replacement” . Fig. 5 Low battery mark Note) Measurements cannot be made, even the Test Button is pressed, while the Low Battery Mark is displayed on the LCD.
Settings of following parameters can be made on this instrument ● Wire : Measurement method（Wiring System） ● Freq : Measurement frequency ● Site : Site (location) No ● Lh : Interval of the auxiliary earth spikes at Earth resistivity (ρ) measurement ● Date/Time : Year/ Month/ Day, Time (24-hour display） ● Rk : Residual resistance on the Test Leads 8-2-2 Setting for Measurement Method Measurement method is selectable from: 2-wire (2-wire system), 3-wire (3-wire system),4-wire (4-wire system) and ρ”(earth resi
Selecting a desirable frequency with the Cursor Key, and pressing the “ “ Key returns to the“CONFIG_SETTING”Screen (Fig.12) with the selected frequency. Fig. 12 8-2-4 Site (location) No. Setting The site (location) where measurements done can be saved with numbers. Select“Site”with the Cursor Key on the CONFIG_SETTING Screen, and press the“ ”Key to display the Site_Number Setting Screen (Fig.13). Fig. 13 Select any digit to be changed with the Cursor Key, and press the“ ” Key.
8-2-5 Setting for the interval between Auxiliary Earth Spikes at Earth Resistivity (ρ) Measurements Making setting of the intervals between auxiliary earth spikes is necessary to measure earth resistivity (ρ). Select“Lh”with the Cursor Key on the CONFIG_SETTING Screen, and press the“ ”Key to display the Length Setting Screen (Fig.16). Fig. 16 Select any digit to be changed with the Cursor Key, and press the“ ” Key. Then the selected digit is highlighted and ready to be changed. (Fig.17) Fig.
Time Setting can be done in following procedure. Select“Date/Time”with the Cursor Key on the CONFIG_SETTING Screen, and press the“ (Fig.19). ”Key to display the Time and Date Setting Screen Fig. 19 (1) Time Setting Put the cursor on“Time”and press the“ Setting Screen (Fig.20). ”Key to display the Time Fig. 20 Select a parameter to be changed with the Cursor Key, and press the“ ” Key. Then the selected digit is highlighted and ready to be changed. (Fig.21) The clock is 24-hour display. Fig.
(2) Date Setting Date is displayed in the following order: Month/ Day/ Year. ”Key to display the Date Put the cursor on“Date”and press the“ Setting Screen (Fig.23). Fig. 23 Select a parameter to be changed with the Cursor Key, and press the “ “ Key. Then the selected digit is highlighted and ready to be changed. (Fig.24) Fig. 24 Press the Right Cursor Key to increase numbers and the Left Cursor Key to reduce numbers. Keep the Cursor Key pressed down to change ”Key to confirm a number. numbers quickly.
8-2-7 Setting for the residual resistance (Rk) on the Test Leads This instrument can store the residual resistance (Rk) of the Test Leads before starting Re measurements on 2/ 3/ 4-wire system, and can deduct the resistance from the measured result. The setting of Rk can be done in following procedure. Note) Connections of Test leads vary by measurement methods. See the corresponding pages for further details. Note) Rk cannot be saved while the Low Battery Mark or is displayed on the LCD.
Fig. 30 Following message appears and shows that the data cannot be saved when ”Key is pressed with above display. the“ Fig. 31 Note) Following message appears and shows that the data cannot be saved when trying to save Rk at 200kΩ or upper Ranges. The Rk values saved at 2Ω and 20Ω Ranges are kept effective at 200kΩ or upper Ranges. Fig. 32 Note) Following message appears and shows that the data cannot be saved when trying to save Rk at Wire (ρ) measurements. Fig.
8-5 Series Interference Voltage (Earth Voltage) Measurement Measurements are automatically started during a measurement of earth resistances and earth resistivities, and the results can be checked on the Result display screen. Warning message“Voltage High!”is displayed on the Main display when the earth voltage (Ust) is high. 2Ω/20Ω Range :“Voltage High!” warning appears when the voltage is 12V or higher. Earth resistance measurement cannot be made when the voltage exceeds 15V.
9. Measurement Method # DANGER ● No voltage should be applied between the measuring terminals at earth resistance measurements. 9-1 Earth Resistance Measurement # CAUTION ● The measured results may be influenced by induction if measure-ments are made with the Test Leads twisted or in touch with each other. When connecting the Probes, they should be separated.
9-1-1 Precise Measurement (3-Wire) * with Earth Test Leads MODEL 7229 This is a standard method to measure earth resistances. The measured earth resistances are free of auxiliary earth resistances but the resistances on the E terminal are contained.
(4) Earth Resistance Measurement Select a Range (any Range is ok) when the connection is done, and press the TEST Button. A message “ “ is displayed at the upper right on the LCD. The measured earth resistances“Re”are displayed on the LCD when a measurement is finished. (Fig.35) Fig. 35 Pressing the Cursor Key“ (Fig.36) to view each parameter. ”displays the Result Display Screen Fig. 36 Press the“ ”Key to return to the Main Screen.
# DANGER The Re measurement cannot be made when a warning message“Voltage High!!”like shown in Fig.37 appear on the LCD. Voltages more than 15V exist between the“E”and“S(P)”terminals. Fig. 37 Pressing the“ ”Key shifts the display as shown in Fig.38. Fig. 38 The message“Ust=OL V”means the Ust is more than 50V. To avoid this, make measurements after reducing the earth voltages by turning off the power supply of the equipment under test etc.
(2) Setting of Rk The measured results obtained at 4-Wire system are not be influenced by the Test Leads Connected to the“E”Terminal, but setting of Rk can be made on this instrument. 1. Firmly insert each plug of 4 Test Leads (green, black, yellow, red), to the corresponding connectors on the instrument. 2. Select the“2Ω”or ”20Ω”Range. 3. Engage 4 Alligator clips to short-circuit all of them. 4. Save the Rk values with reference to“8-2-7 Setting for the residual resistance (Rk) on the Test Leads” .
Note) If a message“ ”or“ ”appear on the LCD, auxiliary earth resistance is too high to make measurements. Recheck the connection of Test Leads. 9-1-3 Simplified Measurement (2-Wire) *with Simplified Test Probes MODEL 7238 # DANGER ● Use a Voltage detector to check the earth of the commercial power supply. ● Do not use the instrument to check the earth of the commercial power supply.
(1) Setting of Wiring System Select“Wire (2)”with reference to“8-2-2 Setting for Measurement Method”in this manual. (2) Setting of Rk 1. Put the Alligator Clips to the 2 Test Leads (green, red), and connect the green Plug to the“E”Terminal and the two red Plugs to the “S(P)”and“H(C)”Terminals respectively. 2. Select the“2Ω”or ”20Ω”Range. 3. Engage 2 Alligator clips to short-circuit both of them. 4. Save the Rk values with reference to“8-2-7 Setting for the residual resistance (Rk) on the Test Leads” .
(5) Measured resistances at simplified measurements Two-Wire method is used for the simplified measurements. In this method, earth resistance of the earthed electrode (re) connected to the “S(P)”Terminal is added to the true earth resistance“Rx”and shown as an indicated value“Re”. Re (indicated value) = Rx + re If the Re is known beforehand, true earth resistance value Rx is calculated as follows. Rx = Re -re Note) The“re”cannot be canceled by the setting of Rk.
(e.g. The spike should be stuck in the depth of 25cm or less when the interval of the Auxiliary Earth Spikes is 5m.) If the Spikes stuck too deep, it may result in inaccurate earth resistivity measurement. Note) The supplied Test Leads MODEL 7229 can be used for the Spikes stuck at the interval of max 20m. Note) The length of the supplied Auxiliary Earth Spike MODEL 8032 is 20cm.
Pressing the Cursor Key“ Fig.43. ”displays parameters like shown in Fig. 43 Press the“ ”Key to return to the Main Screen. If the“Rg”value is too large, the display reads as shown in Fig.44. In this case, rotate the Range Switch and select an upper Range. Fig. 44 Pressing the“ ”Key while the measured result of ρ is being displayed switches the display as indicated in Fig.16. Then setting of interval between auxiliary earth spikes (Lh) can be made. Clause 8-2-5 describes the detailed setting procedure.
10. Store/ Recall the Measurement Results Measurement conditions and measured results can be saved in the memory of the instrument. (max 800) The stored data can be transferred to a PC via an Optical Adaptor Model8212USB by using a special software“KEW Report”. 10-1 How to save the data ”Key when an earth resistance measurement is finished. Press the“ Then the LCD reads as shown in Fig.45. Fig.
10-2 How to recall the saved data The saved data can be displayed on the LCD according to following sequence. ”Key on the Main Screen to display the SYSTEM_MENU Press the“ Screen. (Fig.49) Fig. 49 ”Key to display the Put the cursor to“Review Data”and press the“ Review Screen. (Fig.50) Then the measured data is saved with a Memory No, Site No and date/time information. Fig. 50 Press the Cursor Keys“ ”or“ ”Key and select Data No. Keep a Cursor Key pressed down to alter the number quickly.
Pressing the“ ”or“ ”Key while the cursor is on the“Cancel” returns to the Review Screen without deleting data. ”Key. (Fig.54) Then a Put a cursor to“Delete”and press the“ confirmation message is displayed on the LCD. (Fig.55) Fig. 54 Fig. 55 Press the“ ”Key to return to the Review Screen without deleting data while ”Key to a message shown in Fig.55 is displayed on the LCD. Press the“ delete the selected data. Then the Review Screen is displayed with the next data.
Press the“ ”Key to return to the Review Screen without deleting data. ”Key to delete the whole data. Then a following message Press the“ is displayed on the LCD. (Fig.59) Fig. 59 Pressing the“ ”Key returns to the SYSTEM_MENU Screen. Another press of the“ ”Key returns to the Main Screen. Memory No. is restored to“N001”. 10-4 How to transfer the stored data to a PC The stored data can be transferred according to following sequence. The special software“KEW Report”should be installed beforehand.
11. Battery and Fuse Replacement # DANGER ● Never attempt to replace batteries while making measurements. When replacing the Fuse, use the one with same specification. # WARNING ● To avoid electrical shock hazard, disconnect the Test Leads from the instrument before opening the Battery Compartment Cover. Screw and fasten the Cover when a replacement work completes. # CAUTION ● Do not mix new and old batteries.
Fig.
12. Case and Shoulder strap Assembly By hanging the instrument around the neck, both hands will be let free for testing. Fig. 62 Fig. 63 Pass the Shoulder strap down through the buckle from the top. (Fig.62) 40 Adjust the strap for length and secure. (Fig.
13. Before Sending for Service If this instrument should fail to operate correctly, return it to your nearest Distributor stating the exact nature of the fault. Before returning the instrument, follow the trouble-shooting guide shown below. ● Instrument doesn't power on Open the Battery Compartment Cover at the backside of the instrument, and check whether batteries are missing or they are installed in correct polarity. (Refer to“11.
● Incapable of measuring earth resistance Fig. 68 Voltages of 20V or more are being applied between the“E“ and“S(P)” Terminals. (Fig.68) Fig. 69 The upper limit of the measuring range may be exceeded. (Fig.69) Select an upper Range. The Test Leads may be loose. (Fig.69) Check the connections again. ● Marks shown in Fig.70 and 71 are displayed at Re measurements Fig. 70 Fig. 71 The Rh or Rs value is more than (500+Re×100)Ω or 50kΩ or more; it results in inaccurate measurement.
● Incapable of saving data The LCD reads as shown in Fig.73. Fig. 73 The memory capacity is full. (800 data) To save new data, old data should be deleted first. (See“10.
DISTRIBUTOR Kyoritsu reserves the rights to change specifications or designs described in this manual without notice and without obligations.
