WARNING! This set contains chemicals that may be harmful if misused. Read cautions on individual containers carefully.
Index of Tests Page Alkalinity Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Field Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Calculation of Alkalinity Relationships . . . . . . . . . 8 Overhead Projection Demonstration . . . . . . . . . . 9 Ammonia Nitrogen Test. . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Field Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Overhead Projection Demonstration . . . . . . . . . . 11 Calcium, Magnesium, & Total Hardness Tests . . . . . 12 Field Test Method - Total Hardness . . . . . . . . . .
Page Nitrate Test . . . . . . . . Field Test Method . . . . . . Overhead Projection Demonstration pH Test . . . . . . . . . Field Test Method . . . . . . Overhead Projection Demonstration Phosphorus (Phosphate) Test . . Field Test Method . . . . . . Overhead Projection Demonstration Salinity Test. . . . . . . . Field Test Methods . . . . . . Overhead Projection Demonstration Sulfide Test . . . . . . . . Field Test Methods . . . . . . Overhead Projection Demonstration Total Dissolved Solids Test . . .
Introduction This kit employs two typical quantitative chemical test methods: colorimetric comparison with standards of known value or titration of the sample with solutions of known value. The reagent systems employed in these testing sets can also be used to make simple qualitative tests where the presence or absence (not the amount) of the factor being investigated is of concern to the investigator.
Alkalinity Test The normal conditions of the alkalinity of natural waters are associated with the carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide components. These factors are characteristic of the source of water and the natural processes taking place at any given time. For particular industrial and domestic use, it is often desirable to change these characteristics by treatments such as aeration, neutralization, softening, etc.
Procedure 1. Fill the test tube (0778) to the 5.0 mL line with the sample water. 2. Add one Phenolphthalein Table (T-2246). Cap and mix until the tablet is disintegrated. If no red color develops, the “P” Alkalinity is zero. If the “P” Alkalinity is zero, go to Step 5. 3. Fill the Direct Reading Titrator (0382) with *Alkalinity Titration Reagent B (4493). 4. Insert the titrator tip into the test tube cap.
Calculation of Alkalinity Relationships The results obtained from the phenolphthalein and total alkalinity determination offer a means for the stoichiometric classification of the three principal forms of alkalinity present in many water supplies. The classification ascribes the entire alkalinity to bicarbonate, carbonate, and hydroxide; and assumes the absence of other weak acids of inorganic or organic composition, such as silicic, phosphoric, and boric.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity 100 15 mL 30 mL 1 1 1 1 Contents Phenolphthalein Tablets Total Alkalinity Indicator *Alkalinity Titration Reagent B Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass, w/cap Direct Reading Titrator, 0-100 Range Demonstration Stage, six cell Spatula Code T-2246-J 2786-E *4493 0778 0381 1038 0691 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com.
Ammonia Nitrogen Test Ammonia nitrogen is present in variable concentrations in many surface and ground waters, however, any sudden change in the analysis of a supply which has been rather constant composition is cause for suspicion. A product of microbiological activity, ammonia nitrogen is sometimes accepted as chemical evidence of sanitary pollution when encountered in raw surface waters. Ammonia in water is detected by means of *Nessler’s Reagent (4798) which reacts with ammonia to form a yellow color.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity Contents Code 30 mL Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #1 4797WT-G 30 mL *Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #2 *4798WT-G 1 Test Tube, 5.0 mL, w/cap 0230 1 Demonstration Stage, six cell 1038-P 1 Spatula 6091 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.
Calcium, Magnesium, & Total Hardness Test Calcium, magnesium and total hardness factors of a water should be considered as a group since the total hardness of a water generally represents the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions expressed as calcium carbonate. Other ions may contribute to the hardness of water, but in natural waters all but calcium and magnesium are present in insignificant quantities.
Field Test Method - Total Hardness Quantity Contents Code 100 Hardness Reagent #6 Tablets 15 mL *Hardness Reagent #5 4484-J 15 mL *Sodium Hydroxide Reagent w/Metal Inhibitor *4259-E 50 Calcium Hardness Indicator Tablets T-5250-H 30 mL Hardness Reagent #7 4487DR-G *4483-E 1 Test Tube, 12.9 mL, w/cap 0608 1 Direct Reading Titrator, 0-200 Range 0382 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards.
Field Test Method—Calcium Hardness Procedure 1. Fill the test tube (0769) to the 12.9 ml line with the sample water. 2. Add six drops of *Sodium Hydroxide Reagent with Metal Inhibitors (4259). 3. Add one Calcium Hardness Indicator Tablet (5250). Cap and mix until tablet is disintegrated. A red color will appear if calcium is present. 4. Hardness Reagent #7 (4487) is added as described in the Field Test Method for Total Hardness, until the red color changes to blue.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity Contents Code 100 Hardness Reagent #6 Tablets 15 mL *Hardness Reagent #5 *4483-E 4484-J 15 mL *Sodium Hydroxide Reagent w/Metal Inhibitors *4259-E 50 Calcium Indicator Tablets T-5250-H 30 mL Hardness Reagent #7 4487DR-G 1 Test Tube, 12.9 mL, w/cap 0608 1 Direct Reading Titrator, 0-200 Range 0382 1 Demonstration Stage, six cell 1038-P 1 Spatula 0691 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards.
5. To cells 3 and 4, add six drops of *Sodium Hydroxide Reagent with Metal Inhibitors (4259) and stir the contents of the cells with the spatula. 6. To cells 3 and 4, add one Calcium Hardness Indicator Tablet (5250) to each and stir until tablets are disintegrated or until the liquid has developed a full red color. Cell 3 will be used as the “before” color change standard. 7. Refill the Direct Reading Titrator with Hardness Reagent #7 and add dropwise to cell 4, stirring the solution after each drop.
Free Carbon Dioxide Test Surface waters normally contain less than 10 ppm free carbon dioxide while some ground waters may easily exceed that concentration. Corrosion is the principal difficulty caused by high concentrations of carbon dioxide due to lowering of pH when carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid. Free carbon dioxide is determined by a titration procedure using a base solution with phenolphthalein as the endpoint indicator.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity Contents Code 15 mL *Phenolphthalein Indicator, 1% 30 mL *Carbon Dioxide Reagent B *2246-E 4253-G 1 Test Tube, 5-10-12.9-15-20-25 mL, glass, w/cap 0608 1 Direct Reading Titrator, 0-50 Range 0380 1 Demonstration Stage, three cell 1039 1 Spatula 0691 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com.
Chloride Test (also see Salinity Test) Chloride is one of the major anions to be found in water and sewage. Its presence in large amounts may be due to natural processes such as the passage of water through natural salt formations in the earth or it may be an indicator of pollution from sea water or industrial and domestic wastes. Any change from the normal chloride content of a natural water should be reason for suspecting pollution from one of these sources.
Field Test Method Quantity Contents Code 15 mL *Chloride Reagent #1 *4504-E 60 mL *Chloride Reagent #2 *4505DR-H† 1 Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass, w/cap 0778 1 Direct Reading Titrator, 0-200 Range 0382 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.
Chlorine Test Chlorine in the form of chlorine gas, hypochlorite, chloramines and organic chlorine compounds is widely used for sterilization and disinfection. Chlorine is not present in natural waters and is found only as a result of chlorination of a water supply. The presence of any amount more than would normally be used to sterilize water could be considered evidence of pollution from chlorine treated effluents from a process in which high concentrations of chlorine are used.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity Contents Code 50 *Chlorine DPD #4R Tablets 1 Test Tube, plastic, w/cap *6899A-H 0106 1 Chlorine DPD Comparator, 0.1 and 0.4 ppm 4551 1 Spatula 0691 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax Procedure 1.
Chromium (Chromate) Test Chromium may be present in water containing waste from industry such as the plating industry. It is considered to be a toxic chemical, and if present in an amount of over 0.5 ppm it is evidence that contamination is from untreated or incompletely treated waste. This calls for more careful waste disposal control by the offending plant. It is determined colorimetrically by a reaction with diphenylcarbohydrazide in acid solution to produce a pink or red color.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity Contents Code 30 g *Chromate Indicator Powder 1 Spoon, 0.5 g *4431-G 0698 1 Test Tube, 5.0 mL 0230 1 Demonstration Stage, six cell 1038 1 Spatula 0691 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax. Procedure 1.
Copper Test The copper content of drinking water generally falls below 0.03 ppm and a copper content as low as 1.0 ppm can impart a bitter taste to water. Waters testing as high as 1.0 ppm copper have probably been treated with a copper compound, as used in the control of algae, or have become contaminated from untreated industrial wastes. Acid waters and those high in free carbon dioxide may cause the corrosion of copper, brass and bronze pipe and fittings.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity Contents Code 15 mL *Copper 1 *6446-E 2 x 15 mL Copper 2 6613-E 2 Test Tubes, “A & B” 0804 1 Demonstration Stage, three cell 1039 1 Spatula 0691 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax. Procedure 1.
Cyanide Test Cyanide may be present in water containing waste from a metal finishing plant. It is very toxic and cannot be tolerated, even at the lowest levels. A positive test is evidence of untreated or incompletely treated waste which calls for more careful waste disposal control by the offending plant. Presence of cyanide in amounts as small as 0.05 ppm can be detected by a chemical reaction with an indicator which forms a color in proportion to the amount of cyanide present.
Procedure WARNING: This cyanide test is a field test designed to screen samples for the presence of cyanide. Oxidizing agents, as well as certain metal complexes formed with iron, copper, manganese and platinum, may produce a false positive result. All positive tests for cyanide should be verified or confirmed by an independent laboratory using the appropriate procedures given in the most recent edition of Standard Methods for the examination of Water and Wastewater. 1.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity Contents Code 30 mL *Cyanide Reagent #1 *7388-G 30 mL *Cyanide Reagent #2 *7389-G 30 mL *Cyanide Reagent #3 *7390-G 2 Test Tubes, “A & B” 0804 1 Funnel, plastic 0459 1 Filter Paper, 9 cm 0465 1 Funnel Holder 0694 1 Demonstration Stage, three cell 1039 1 Spatula 0691 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.
5. Fill a second test tube (0804) to the lower line marked “B” with deionized or cyanide free tap water and add this amount to a second cell on the demonstration stage. Mark this as the “Reference Sample.” Compare the colors of the liquid in the two cells. 6. Add two drops of *Cyanide Reagent #2 (7389) to the Reference Sample and mix by stirring with the Spatula (0691). 7. Add *Cyanide Reagent #3 (7390) one drop at a time to the Reference Sample until the color matches the color of the Test Sample.
Iron Test Most natural waters contain some iron. Its presence may vary from the smallest trace to very large amounts in water which is contaminated by acid mine wastes. For domestic use, the concentration should not exceed 0.2 ppm and for some industrial applications, not even a trace of iron can be tolerated. There are many means available for removing or reducing the iron content of waters.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity Contents Code 15 mL *Iron Reagent #1 *4450-E 4.5g *Iron Reagent #2 *4451-S 1 Test Tube, 5.0 mL 1 Spoon, 0.05g 0696 1 Demonstration Stage, six cell 1038 1 Spatula 0691 0230 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax. Procedure 1.
Nitrate Test Nitrogen is essential for plant growth but the presence of excessive amounts in water supplies presents a major pollution problem. Nitrogen compounds that may enter water as nitrates, or be converted to nitrates, can originate from agricultural fertilizers, sewage, industrial and packing house wastes, drainage from livestock feeding areas, farm manures and legumes.
Field Test Method Quantity Contents Code 60 mL *Mixed Acid Reagent *V-6278-H 5g *Nitrate Reducing Reagent *V-6279-C 1 Spoon, 0.1g 0699 2 Test Tube, 2.5 and 5 mL 0820 1 Nitrate-N Comparator, 2 and 10 ppm 7493 1 Pipet 0352 1 Dispenser Cap 0692 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity Contents Code 60 mL *Mixed Acid Reagent *V-6278-H 5g *Nitrate Reducing Reagent *V-6279-C 1 Spoon, 0.1g 1 Test Tube, 2.5 and 5 mL 0820 1 Demonstration Stage, six cell 1038 1 Spatula 0691 1 Pipet 0352 0699 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com.
pH Test Most natural waters will have pH values from pH 5.0-8.5. Acidic, freshly fallen rain water may have a pH value of pH 5.5-6.0. If it reacts with soils and minerals containing weak alkaline materials, the hydroxyl ions will increase and the hydrogen ions decrease; the water may become slightly alkaline with a pH of pH 8.0-8.5. Sea water will have a pH value close to pH 8.0. Waters more acidic than pH 5.0 and more alkaline than pH 8.5-9.0 should be viewed with suspicion.
Overhead projection demonstration Quantity Contents Code 60 mL *Range Finding Indicator Solution 1 Demonstration Stage, six cell *2220-H 1038 1 Test Tube, 5.0 mL 0230 1 Spatula 0691 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.
Phosphorus (Phosphate) Test Phosphorus is an important nutrient for aquatic plants. The amount found in water is generally not more than 0.1 ppm unless the water has become polluted from waste water sources or excessive drainage from agricultural areas. When phosphorus is present in excess of the concentrations required for normal aquatic plant growth, a process called eutrophication takes place. This creates a favorable environment for the increase in algae and weed nuisances that produce scums and odors.
Field Test Method Quantity Contents Code 60 mL *VM Phosphate Reagent 5 mL Reducing Reagent *4410-H 6405-C 1 Test Tube, 5.0 mL 0230 1 Pipet, 1.0 mL 0354 1 Pipet, unmarked 0352 1 VM Phosphate Comparator, 1.0 and 5.0 ppm 7482 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax. Procedure 1.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity Contents Code 60 mL *VM Phosphate Reagent 5 mL Reducing Reagent *4410-H 6405-C 1 Test Tube, 5.0 mL 0230 1 Pipet, 1.0 mL 0354 1 Pipet, unmarked 0352 1 Demonstration Stage, six cell 1038 1 Spatula 0691 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com.
Salinity Test (also see Chlorides) The extent of contamination of a fresh water supply in areas adjacent to salt water sources can be easily detected by a determination of its salinity. Salinity, in this case, is a term used to describe the total solids content of sea water and has a different meaning than the term as used to describe the solids content of fresh water used for agricultural purposes.
Field Test Method Quantity Contents Code 60 mL *Chloride Reagent #1 *4504-E 15 mL *Chloride Reagent #2 *4505DR-H† 1 Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass, w/cap 0778 1 Direct Reading Titrator, 0-20 Range 0378 1 Pipet, plain 0352 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.
Sulfide Test Sulfide occurs in many well water supplies and sometimes is formed in lakes or surface waters. In distribution systems it may be formed as a result of bacterial action on organic matter under anaerobic conditions. It may also be found in waters receiving sewage or industrial wastes. Concentrations of a few hundredths of a milligram per liter cause a noticeable odor. Removal of sulfide odor is accomplished by aeration or chlorination.
Field Test Method Quantity Contents Code 15 mL *Sulfide Reagent A *4458-E 15 mL Sulfide Reagent B 4459-E 30 mL Sulfide Reagent C 4460-G 1 Test Tube, 5.0 mL 0230 1 Pipet, 1.0 mL 0354 1 Sulfide Comparator, 0.2 and 2.0 ppm 7477 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax. Procedure 1.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity Contents Code 15 mL *Sulfide Reagent A *4458-E 15 mL Sulfide Reagent B 4459-E 30 mL Sulfide Reagent C 4460-G 1 Test Tube, 5.0 mL 0230 1 Pipet, 1.0 mL 0354 1 Demonstration Stage, six cell 1038 1 Spatula 0691 WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www.lamotte.com.
Total Dissolved Solids Test Dissolved solids in a natural water are usually composed of the sulfate, bicarbonate and chlorides of calcium, magnesium and sodium. The US Public Health Service recommends that the total solids of a potable water be limited to 500 ppm, but if such a water is not available a total solids content of up to 1000 ppm may be permitted. From the standpoint of irrigation of agricultural crops.
Field Test Method The Direct Reading Titrators used in this procedure are calibrated so that the test result is read directly from the scale on the Titrator in ppm Total Dissolved Solids. Quantity 60 mL 60 mL 2 15 mL 2 60 mL 2 1 Contents *TDS Reagent A *TDS Reagent B Resin Column Methyl Orange Indicator with Halidex Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass, w/cap Deionized Water Direct Reading Titrators, 0-1000 Range Pipet, 1.
The LaMotte Total Dissolved Solids Outfit is furnished with two ready-to-use resin columns. Each resin column can be used for twenty water samples, after which it should be discarded. Keep a record of the number of times the resin column is used. 5. Suspend the resin column (1079) in the second test tube (0778). 6. Use 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 3-4 mL of deionized water (5115) to the resin column. 7. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 5 mL of sample water.
Overhead Projection Demonstration Quantity Contents Code 60 mL *TDS Reagent A 4802-H 60 mL *TDS Reagent B 4803-H 2 Resin Column 1079 15 mL Methyl Orange Indicator with Halidex 2299-E 1 Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass, w/cap 0778 60 mL Deionized Water 5115PT-H 2 Direct Reading Titrators, 0-1000 Range 0384 1 Pipet, 1.0 mL 0354 1 Demonstration Stage, three cell 1039 1 Spatula 0691 *WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards.
6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 3-4 mL of deionized water (5115) to the resin column. 7. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 5 mL of sample water. Discard all of the solution that has passed through the column then continue adding the water sample until at least 10 mL has been collected. 8. Water that has passed through the resin column is now poured into the first test tube and the volume adjusted to exactly 10 mL. 9. Transfer to a second cell on the demonstration stage. 10.
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