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LTC3588-1

35881fa

TYPICAL APPLICATION

DESCRIPTION

Piezoelectric Energy

Harvesting Power Supply

The LTC

3588-1 integrates a low-loss full-wave bridge

rectiﬁ er with a high efﬁ ciency buck converter to form a

complete energy harvesting solution optimized for high

output impedance energy sources such as piezoelectric

transducers. An ultralow quiescent current undervoltage

lockout (UVLO) mode with a wide hysteresis window allows

charge to accumulate on an input capacitor until the buck

converter can efﬁ ciently transfer a portion of the stored

charge to the output. In regulation, the LTC3588-1 enters

a sleep state in which both input and output quiescent

currents are minimal. The buck converter turns on and

off as needed to maintain regulation.

Four output voltages, 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V and 3.6V, are pin

selectable with up to 100mA of continuous output current;

however, the output capacitor may be sized to service a

higher output current burst. An input protective shunt set

at 20V enables greater energy storage for a given amount

of input capacitance.

L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology, the Linear logo and Burst Mode are registered trademarks

of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective

owners.

100mA Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Power Supply

FEATURES

APPLICATIONS

950nA Input Quiescent Current (Output in

Regulation – No Load)

450nA Input Quiescent Current in UVLO

2.7V to 20V Input Operating Range

Integrated Low-Loss Full-Wave Bridge Rectiﬁ er

Up to 100mA of Output Current

Selectable Output Voltages of 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, 3.6V

High Efﬁ ciency Integrated Hysteretic Buck DC/DC

Input Protective Shunt – Up to 25mA Pull-Down at

≥ 20V

Wide Input Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) Range

Available in 10-Lead MSE and 3mm × 3mm DFN

Packages

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Electro-Mechanical Energy Harvesting

Wireless HVAC Sensors

Mobile Asset Tracking

Tire Pressure Sensors

Battery Replacement for Industrial Sensors

Remote Light Switches

Standalone Nanopower Buck Regulator

35881 TA01

PZ1

CAP

IN2

PZ2

OUT

PGOOD

D0, D1

LTC3588-1

MIDE V21BL

GND

1µF

4.7µF

STORAGE

25V

47µF

OUTPUT

VOLTAGE

SELECT

OUT

10µH

LTC3588-1 3.3V Regulator Start-Up Proﬁ le

TIME (s)

VOLTAGE (V)

200

35881 TA01b

600400

OUT

PGOOD = LOGIC 1

STORAGE

= 22µF, C

OUT

= 47µF

NO LOAD, I

VIN

= 2µA

Summary of content (20 pages)

PAGE 1
LTC3588-1 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Power Supply FEATURES DESCRIPTION n The LTC®3588-1 integrates a low-loss full-wave bridge rectiﬁer with a high efﬁciency buck converter to form a complete energy harvesting solution optimized for high output impedance energy sources such as piezoelectric transducers.
PAGE 2
LTC3588-1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Note 1) VIN Low Impedance Source ....................... –0.3V to 18V* Current Fed, ISW = 0A ...................................... 25mA† PZ1, PZ2 ...........................................................0V to VIN D0, D1.............. –0.3V to [Lesser of (VIN2 + 0.3V) or 6V] CAP ......................[Higher of –0.3V or (VIN – 6V)] to VIN VIN2 ....................–0.3V to [Lesser of (VIN + 0.
PAGE 3
LTC3588-1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l denotes the speciﬁcations which apply over the full operating junction temperature range, otherwise speciﬁcations are for TA = 25°C. (Note 2) VIN = 5.5V unless otherwise speciﬁed. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VIN Input Voltage Range Low Impedance Source on VIN IVIN VIN Quiescent Current UVLO Buck Enabled, Sleeping Buck Enabled, Sleeping Buck Enabled, Not Sleeping VIN = 2.5V, Not PGOOD VIN = 4.
PAGE 4
LTC3588-1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS junction temperature range. Note that the maximum ambient temperature consistent with these speciﬁcations is determined by speciﬁc operating conditions in conjunction with board layout, the rated package thermal impedance and other environmental factors.
PAGE 5
LTC3588-1 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Bridge Leakage vs Temperature 16 1.6 14 1.4 12 1.2 10 0.8 6 0.6 4 0.4 2 0.2 –10 35 80 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 170 SLEEP THRESHOLD 1.80 WAKE-UP THRESHOLD 1.0 8 0 –55 1.8V Output vs Temperature 1.85 4VP-P APPLIED TO PZ1/PZ2 INPUT 1.8 MEASURED IN UVLO VIN = 18V, LEAKAGE AT PZ1 OR PZ2 VIN (V) BRIDGE LEAKAGE (nA) 18 Bridge Frequency Response 2.0 VOUT (V) 20 PGOOD FALLING 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 1.
PAGE 6
LTC3588-1 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS RDS(ON) of PMOS/NMOS vs Temperature IPEAK vs Temperature Operating Waveforms 2.0 300 OUTPUT VOLTAGE 50mV/DIV AC-COUPLED 290 1.8 280 NMOS 1.6 RDS(ON) (Ω) IPEAK (mA) 270 260 250 240 SWITCH VOLTAGE 2V/DIV 1.4 PMOS 0V INDUCTOR CURRENT 200mA/DIV 0mA 1.2 230 220 1.0 210 200 –55 –35 –15 0.
PAGE 7
LTC3588-1 PIN FUNCTIONS PZ1 (Pin 1): Input connection for piezoelectric element or other AC source (used in conjunction with PZ2). VIN2 (Pin 7): Internal low voltage rail to serve as gate drive for buck NMOS switch. Also serves as a logic high rail for output voltage select bits D0 and D1. A 4.7μF capacitor should be connected from VIN2 to GND. This pin is not intended for use as an external system rail.
PAGE 8
LTC3588-1 OPERATION Internal Bridge Rectiﬁer The LTC3588-1 has an internal full-wave bridge rectiﬁer accessible via the differential PZ1 and PZ2 inputs that rectiﬁes AC inputs such as those from a piezoelectric element. The rectiﬁed output is stored on a capacitor at the VIN pin and can be used as an energy reservoir for the buck converter. The low-loss bridge rectiﬁer has a total drop of about 400mV with typical piezo generated currents (~10μA). The bridge is capable of carrying up to 50mA.
PAGE 9
LTC3588-1 OPERATION When the sleep comparator signals that the output has reached the sleep threshold the buck converter may be in the middle of a cycle with current still ﬂowing through the inductor. Normally both synchronous switches would turn off and the current in the inductor would freewheel to zero through the NMOS body diode. The LTC3588-1 keeps the NMOS switch on during this time to prevent the conduction loss that would occur in the diode if the NMOS were off.
PAGE 10
LTC3588-1 OPERATION The D0/D1 inputs can be switched while in regulation as shown in Figure 3. If VOUT is programmed to a voltage with a PGOOD falling threshold above the old VOUT, PGOOD will transition low until the new regulation point is reached. When VOUT is programmed to a lower voltage, PGOOD will remain high through the transition.
PAGE 11
LTC3588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Introduction The LTC3588-1 harvests ambient vibrational energy through a piezoelectric element in its primary application. Common piezoelectric elements are PZT (lead zirconate titanate) ceramics, PVDF (polyvinylidene ﬂuoride) polymers, or other composites. Ceramic piezoelectric elements exhibit a piezoelectric effect when the crystal structure of the ceramic is compressed and internal dipole movement produces a voltage.
PAGE 12
LTC3588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION MIDE V21BL 1μF 6V 10μF 25V PZ1 PZ2 VIN PGOOD 10μH CAP LTC3588-1 VIN2 4.7μF 6V SW 3.3V MICROPROCESSOR CORE VOUT D1 D0 TX EN GND 47μF 6V OUTPUT VOLTAGE 20mV/DIV AC-COUPLED LOAD CURRENT 25mA/DIV 5mA GND 35881 F05a 35881 F05b 250μs/DIV VIN = 5V L = 10μH, COUT = 47μF LOAD STEP BETWEEN 5mA and 55mA Figure 5. 3.
PAGE 13
LTC3588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION This is true for output capacitors on the order of 100μF or larger, but as the output capacitor decreases towards 10μF delays in the internal sleep comparator along with the load current may result in the VOUT voltage slewing past the ±12mV thresholds. This will lengthen the sleep time and increase VOUT ripple. A capacitor less than 10μF is not recommended as VOUT ripple could increase to an undesirable level.
PAGE 14
LTC3588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION A piezo powered LTC3588-1 can also be used in concert with a battery connected to VIN to supplement the system if ambient vibrational energy ceases as shown in Figure 8. A blocking diode placed in series with the battery to VIN prevents reverse current in the battery if the piezo source charges VIN past the battery voltage. A 9V battery is shown, but any stack of batteries of a given chemistry can be used as long as the battery stack voltage does not exceed 18V.
PAGE 15
LTC3588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION DANGER! HIGH VOLTAGE! DANGEROUS AND LETHAL POTENTIALS ARE PRESENT IN OFFLINE CIRCUITS! 150k 150k 120VAC 60Hz 150k 150k BEFORE PROCEEDING ANY FURTHER, THE READER IS WARNED THAT CAUTION MUST BE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION, TESTING AND USE OF OFFLINE CIRCUITS. EXTREME CAUTION MUST BE USED IN WORKING WITH PZ1 PZ2 VIN PGOOD 1μF 6V 10μF 25V 4.7μF 6V AND MAKING CONNECTIONS TO THESE CIRCUITS.
PAGE 16
LTC3588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION 300Ω PZ2 PZ1 IR05H4OCSPTR PGOOD VIN + – 1μF 6V 5V TO 16V SOLAR PANEL 9V BATTERY LTC3588-1 100μF 25V 4.7μF 6V PGOOD 10μH CAP SW VIN2 VOUT VOUT 2.5V + 3F 2.7V D0 D1 10μF 6V GND NESS SUPER CAPACITOR ESHSR-0003CO-002R7 35881 F11 Figure 11. 5V to 16V Solar-Powered 2.5V Supply with Supercapacitor for Increased Output Energy Storage and Battery Backup RS, 5.2Ω PG-1 THERMAL GENERATOR P/N G1-1.0-127-1.27 (TELLUREX) ΔT = 100°C 100Ω 1μF 6V 5.4V 1μF 16V 4.
PAGE 17
LTC3588-1 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION DD Package 10-Lead Plastic DFN (3mm × 3mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1699 Rev C) 0.70 p0.05 3.55 p0.05 1.65 p0.05 2.15 p0.05 (2 SIDES) PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.25 p 0.05 0.50 BSC 2.38 p0.05 (2 SIDES) RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS R = 0.125 TYP 6 3.00 p0.10 (4 SIDES) 0.40 p 0.10 10 1.65 p 0.10 (2 SIDES) PIN 1 NOTCH R = 0.20 OR 0.35 s 45o CHAMFER PIN 1 TOP MARK (SEE NOTE 6) (DD) DFN REV C 0310 5 0.200 REF 1 0.25 p 0.05 0.50 BSC 0.75 p0.05 0.00 – 0.05 2.
PAGE 18
LTC3588-1 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION MSE Package 10-Lead Plastic eMSOP, Exposed Die Pad (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1664 Rev E) BOTTOM VIEW OF EXPOSED PAD OPTION 1.88 p 0.102 (.074 p .004) 5.23 (.206) MIN 0.889 p 0.127 (.035 p .005) 1.68 p 0.102 (.066 p .004) 1 0.05 REF 10 DETAIL “B” CORNER TAIL IS PART OF DETAIL “B” THE LEADFRAME FEATURE. FOR REFERENCE ONLY NO MEASUREMENT PURPOSE 3.00 p 0.102 (.118 p .004) (NOTE 3) 10 9 8 7 6 DETAIL “A” 0o – 6o TYP 1 2 3 4 5 GAUGE PLANE 0.53 p 0.152 (.021 p .
PAGE 19
LTC3588-1 REVISION HISTORY REV DATE DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER A 9/10 Updated/added part number on the Piezoelectric Transducer on the front and back page applications, and Figures 5, 6 and 7 1, 12, 13, 14, 20 Updated Temperature Range in Order Information 2 Changed TJ = 25°C to TA = 25°C and ILOAD to IBUCK in Electrical Characteristics 3 Updated Notes 2, 3 and 4 4 Updated G21 in Typical Performance Characteristics 6 Added Figure 13 16 Updated Related Parts 20 35881fa Information furnished
PAGE 20
LTC3588-1 TYPICAL APPLICATION Peak-to-Peak Output Ripple vs COUT1 Piezoelectric 3.3V Power Supply with LDO Post Regulator for Reduced Output Ripple ADVANCED CERAMETRICS PFCB-W14 1μF 6V 47μF 25V PZ1 PZ2 VIN PGOOD 10μH CAP LTC3588-1 VIN2 4.7μF 6V SHDN VOUT1 3.6V SW IN VOUT OUT GND D1 D0 LT3009-3.3 COUT1 10μF 6V GND VOUT2 3.3V 20mA COUT2 1μF 6V VOUT RIPPLE PEAK-TO-PEAK (mV) 120 COUT2 = 1μF 100 VOUT1 (LTC3588-1) 80 60 40 VOUT2 (LT3009-3.