GPS Receivers A2100-A/B A Description of Maestro’s GPS Receiver Module A2100-A/B User’s Manual Version 1.
Revision History Rev. 0.1 0.2 0.3 Date 08-24-09 01-25-10 01-29-10 0.4 02-11-10 0.5 0.6 02-12-10 03-09-10 0.7 04-15-10 0.8 02-09-11 1.1 05-04-11 1.2 1.3 1.4 05-17-11 06-03-11 10-28-11 1.5 1.6 1.7 01-04-12 03-01-12 05-24-12 1.8 1.9 06-01-12 07-25-12 mm-dd-yy Written by Checked by Approval by V1.7 – Jul-12 Description First draft, based on A1084 V1.
Disclaimer THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OF MAESTRO WIRELESS SOLUTIONS LIMITED. IT MAY NOT BE COPIED OR TRANSMITTED BY ANY MEANS, PASSED TO OTHERS, OR STORED IN ANY RETRIEVAL SYSTEM OR MEDIA, WITHOUT PRIOR CONSENT OF MAESTRO OR ITS AUTHORIZED AGENTS. THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS, TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE, ENTIRELY CORRECT.
Table of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Feature Overview.............................................................................................. 6 1.2 Characteristics Overview .................................................................................. 7 1.3 RoHS and Lead-Free Information ..................................................................... 7 1.4 Label ........................
8.2.2 Active Antennas........................................................................................................ 31 9 Quality and Reliability...................................................................................... 32 9.1 Environmental Conditions ............................................................................... 32 9.2 Product Qualification ....................................................................................... 32 9.3 Production Test ..................
1 Introduction The GPS modules A2100-A and A2100-B are Maestro’s first implementation of CSR’s SiRFstarIV chip on GPS modules. Both are highly integrated GPS receivers that can be used as SMT components. A very easy implementation (power, serial, ON_OFF, and antenna) allows receiving position, velocity and time information. NOTE: Care must be taken to implement an orderly shut-down sequence along with supplying power for a certain period of time after initiating the shut-down sequence.
1.2 Characteristics Overview The module’s most important characteristics are: • • • • • • • • A2100-A o Operable at 3.3V / 19mA (typ.) @ 1 fix per second o UART interface at 3.3V CMOS level o SPI Slave support at 3.3V CMOS level A2100-B o Operable at 1.8V / 30mA (typ.) @ 1 fix per second o UART interface at 1.8V CMOS level o SPI Slave support at 1.8V CMOS level o I2C Master support at 1.
1.4 Label The A2100-A labels hold the following information: Figure 1: A2100-A label The label is placed on the shield of the module. The data matrix code holds the product type, software version, software release, hardware release, factory code, year & week of assembly and a 6-digit serial number. The A2100-B's labels show a "B" instead of the "A", e.g. "A2100-B405-01-01". NOTE: Hardware revision (rr) of the series product starts with 01.
1.5 Characteristics The modules are characterized by the following parameters. 1.5.1 GPS Characteristics Channels Correlators Frequency Tracking Sensitivity (1) Horizontal Position Accuracy Time To First Fix – TTFF (theoretical minimum values; values in real world may differ) Stand alone Obscuration recovery (2) Hot start (3) Warm (4) Cold (5) 48, parallel tracking ~ 400,000 L1 (= 1,575 MHz) -163 dBm < 2.5 m CEP (SA off) 0.
2 Ordering Information 2.1 GPS Receivers A2100-A/B The order number is built as follows: • • A2100-Axxx A2100-Bxxx A2100-A for the A2100-A module and A2100-B for the A2100-B module. The “xxx” refers to the current firmware version on the module. If no firmware version is referenced in an order, the latest version will be provided. 2.2 Packing of the A2100-A/B The A2100-A/B GPS modules come in a tape and reel package suitable for pick and place machines. Figure 2: A2100-A/B tape specifications (1) V1.
Figure 3: A2100-A/B tape specifications (2) Figure 4: A2100-A/B tape specifications (3) One complete reel holds 900 A2100-A/B modules. There are 2 kinds of packaging for shipment: A: One box holds 1 reel Reel diameter: 33 cm Inner box dimensions: 36(W) x 36(L) x 4.5 (H) cm Box dimensions: 38.8 (W) x 38.8 (L) x 5.7 (H) cm Gross weight: 2.05 Kg Net weight: 1.17 Kg V1.
B. One box holds 3 reels Reel diameter: 33 cm Inner box dimensions: 36 (W) x 36 (L) x 4.5 (H) cm Outer box dimensions: 38 (W) x 38 (L) x 16 (H) cm Gross weight: 6.13 Kg Net weight: 3.51 Kg V1.
2.3 Additional Equipment EVA2100-A EVA2100-B Evaluation Kit (including one module A2100-A) Evaluation Kit (including one module A2100-B) Table 3: Additional equipment A detailed description of the EVA2100-A/B Evaluation Kit can be found in the appropriate manual. The evaluation boards are always shipped with latest firmware loaded. V1.
3 Quick Start In order to allow an easy and quick start with the A2100-A module, this chapter provides a short overview on the important steps to be taken to receive NMEA messages with position information on a serial port (UART). NOTE 1: The A2100-A needs an external pull-up resistor to be configured for UART operation. Please consider the pull-up resistor in your design or pull the GPIO up right after reset by other means.
risks ranging from minor impact on TTFF to fatal corruption of flash memory code area! C2 0.1µF RS232 Out 1 2 7 4 9 C4 0.1µF 3 C3 0.1µF DB9 female 6 8 3.3V C1+ V+ C1C2+ C2VT2O R2I Vcc GND T1O R1I R1O T1I T2I R2O MAX3232 Tx C5 0.1µF C1 0.1µF RS232 Level Shifter Rx 5 GND Figure 6: RS232 level shifter Remarks: • Place C1 to C5 (here: 0.1µF) close to MAX3232. For capacity values see datasheet of actual component used. • Use 3.3V level shifter (MAX3232 or equivalent).
3.3 Serial Port Settings In UART operation (defined by the external pull-up resistor as outlined in Minimum Configuration) the default settings are: • NMEA, 4800 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control 3.4 Improved TTFF In order to improve the TTFF (Time To First Fix), it is recommended to keep Vcc supplied at all times. This will allow taking advantage of sophisticated low power mode features of the SiRFstarIV chip set. More details can be found in chapter “Application Notes”. 3.
4 Mechanical Outline 4.1 Details Component Side A2100-A / B 15.24 (0.6) 15.24 (0.6) All dimensions in [mm, (inch)] Figure 8: Mechanical outline component side A2100-A/B V1.
4.2 Details Solder Side A2100-A/B 15.24 1.0 x 0.8 13.716 1.27 2.54 7.62 2.54 12.7 15.24 1.27 1.27 1.5 x 1.5 7.62 Solder pad size (outer pads): 1.0 x 0.8 Solder pad size (inner pads): 1.5 x 1.5 All dimensions in [mm] Figure 9: Mechanical outline solder side A2100-A/B V1.
5 Pin-out Information 5.1 Layout A2100-A RX0 / SPI DI [IN – 3.3V] 22 22 TX0 / SPI DO [OUT – 3.3V] 21 Bottom 1 1 nRST [IN – 3.3V] 21 2 2 BOOTSEL [IN – 1.8V] ExtInt [IN – 1.8V] 20 20 3 3 Vcc 3.3V [PWRIN] ON_OFF [IN – 3.3V] 19 19 4 4 WAKEUP [OUT – 3.3V] I2C DIO [I/O – 1.8V] 18 18 5 5 Vout [OUT – 1.8V] I2C CLK [OUT – 1.8V] 17 17 6 6 GND TM_GPIO5 [OUT – 1.8V] 16 16 7 7 GND VANT [IN – 3.3 to 5VDC] 15 15 8 8 GPIO6 / SPI CLK [IN – 3.3V] N.C. 14 14 9 9 GPIO7 / SPI CS [IN – 3.
5.2 Description A2100-A Signals Pin Symbol Function Description 1 nRST Input Reset input, active low 2 BOOTSEL Input 3 Vcc Power Supply Special boot mode – leave open for normal operation; HIGH – boot loader active; HIGH level: 1.8V 3.0 – 3.6 VDC (power supply) 4 WAKEUP Output 5 Vout Voltage output Status of digital section, Push-Pull output Low = OFF, KA (Keep Alive)-only, Hibernate, or Standby mode High = ON, operational mode Identical logic to RFPWUP of A1084 on same pin! Permanent 1.
5.3 Layout A2100-B Bottom 1 1 nRST [IN – 1.8V] 21 2 2 BOOTSEL [IN – 1.8V] ExtInt [IN – 1.8V] 20 20 3 3 N.C. ON_OFF [IN – 1.8V] 19 19 4 4 WAKEUP [OUT – 1.8V] I2C DIO [IN/OUT – 1.8V] 18 18 5 5 Vcc 1.8V [PWRIN] I2C CLK [OUT – 1.8V] 17 17 6 6 GND TM_GPIO5 [OUT – 1.8V] 16 16 7 7 GND VANT [IN – 3.3 to 5VDC] 15 15 8 8 GPIO6 / SPI CLK [IN – 1.8V] N.C. 14 14 9 9 GPIO7 / SPI CS [IN – 1.8V] ANT_GND 13 13 10 10 N.C. ANT [IN – RF] 12 12 11 11 N.C. RX0 / SPI DI / I2C DIO [1.
5.4 Description A2100-B Signals Pin Symbol Function Description Reset input, active low Special boot mode – leave open for normal operation; HIGH – boot loader active; HIGH level: 1.8V Leave open 1 2 nRST BOOTSEL Input Input 3 N.C. None 4 WAKEUP Output 5 Vcc Power Supply Status of digital section, Push-Pull output Low = OFF, KA (Keep Alive)-only, Hibernate, or Standby mode High = ON, operational mode Identical logic to RFPWUP of A1084 on same pin! 1.7 – 1.
(Host port I2C_DIO) Host port I2C data I/O pin when module works in hist port I2C mode. Table 6: Pin description A2100-B V1.
6 Electrical Characteristics 6.1 Operating Conditions Pin 3 Description Vcc Full power Mode (Searching) Peak Current(1) Full power mode (Searching) Average Current(2) Full power mode (Tracking) Average Current(3) TricklePower Mode(4) Push-to-Fix Mode Micro Power Mode（SiRFaware TM） Hibernate Status Min 3.0V Typical 3.3V 45mA 33.6mA 18.5mA 4.6mA 56.5uA 40uA 23.5uA Max 3.6V Typical 1.8V 62mA 56.5mA 39.7mA 9.2mA 291uA 31uA 22uA Max 1.
6.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Vcc Vcc Vin Iov Itdv Tst Vant Iant Parameter Min Max Unit A2100-A Power supply -0.3 +4.6 V A2100-B Power supply -0.3 +2.2 V Voltage to I/O pins -0.3 +3.6 V Input current on I/O pins -10 10 mA Absolute sum of all input currents during overload condition 200 mA Storage temperature -40 85 °C Antenna supply voltage 0 5.
6.3 DC Electrical Characteristics Symbol TX0, WAKEUP RX0 nRST ON_OFF BOOTSEL Parameter Voh @ 4mA Vol @ 4mA Vih Vil for safe reset Vih Vil Vih Min 2.6 Max Unit Vcc V 0.45 V 2.0 Vcc V 0.8 V 0.2 V 1.35 Vcc V -0.3 0.45 V 1.35 2.2 V Table 10: DC electrical characteristic A2100-A Symbol TX0, WAKEUP RX0 nRST ON_OFF BOOTSEL Parameter Voh @ 4mA Vol @ 4mA Vih Vil for safe reset Vih Vil Vih Min 1.4 Max Unit Vcc V 0.4 V 1.1 Vcc V 0.8 V 0.2 V 1.35 Vcc V -0.3 0.45 V 1.35 2.
7 Mounting This chapter describes the suggested mounting process for the A2100-A receiver modules. In a RoHS compliant product with a RoHS compliant process it is recommended to use chemical tin as the counter-part to the module’s pins. This will guarantee highest resistance against shocks. 7.1 Proposed Footprint for Soldering Following soldering footprint parameters are recommended: • • • • Copper and solder paste footprint are identical Pad-shape / -size, inner pads: 1.5 mm x 1.
7.2 Recommended Profile for Reflow Soldering Typical values for reflow soldering of the module in convection or IR/convection ovens are as follows (according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020D): Parameter Peak temperature (RoHS compliant process) Average ramp up rate to peak (217°C to Peak) Preheat temperature Ramp up time from min. to max. preheat temperature Temperature maintained above 217°C Time within 5°C of actual peak temperature Ramp down rate Time 25°C to peak temperature Value 245°C 3°C / second max.
8 Use of GPS Antennas 8.1 Connecting a GPS antenna to the GPS receiver The ANT pin is used to connect a GPS antenna to the receiver. The design of the antenna connection has to be done strictly according to RF design rules. A 50 Ω PCB strip line is required. The following drawings shall explain the guidelines. A major rule is to keep the strip line as short as possible.
In this case, the width should be about 1.8 times the height of the PCB: W = 1.8 x H In the example, one would get a width of W = 1.8 x 0.8 mm = 1.44 mm. V1.
8.2 Antenna Connections 8.2.1 Passive Antennas A passive antenna connected to ANT input (pin 12) should be placed as close as possible to the GPS receiver. The signal power lost by the antenna cable or lost by the strip line on the PCB can not be recovered by the LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) integrated in the GPS receiver. A suitable Ground-Plane design should be considered depending on the antenna type connected to ANT input (pin 12). 8.2.
9 Quality and Reliability 9.1 Environmental Conditions Operating temperature Operating humidity MSL JEDEC (Moisture Sensitivity Level) Storage -40 … +85°C Max. 85% r. H., non-condensing, at 85°C 3 6 months in original package. Table 13: Environmental conditions 9.2 Product Qualification Prior to product qualification the GPS receiver is preconditioned according to EIA/JEDEC standard JESD22-A113-B / Level 3.
10 Applications and Hints 10.1 Initial Module Start After initially applying power to the module, it is necessary to start the internal firmware by toggling the ON_OFF pin. Toggling is done by pulling the signal to HIGH for about 200ms. This first toggling can be done after a LOW – HIGH transmission was detected at the WAKEUP pin or by simply waiting for 1s after power-up. In case of configuration for UART mode, messages should be transmitted afterwards.
duty cycles, it is necessary to toggle the ON_OFF pin. Toggling is done by pulling the signal to HIGH for about 200ms. 10.5 Hibernate Mode In order to enter Hibernate Mode it is necessary to send a shutdown command or to toggle to ON_OFF pin by pulling the signal to HIGH for about 200ms. Starting with firmware version 4.0.1 the according command is supported in NMEA and SiRF Binary mode. After a short delay the module will switch into hibernate mode.
10.7 Antenna Status Adaptation This chapter shall give assistance in designing a circuit for detecting if an active antenna is connected to the module. The information about the antenna status can be derived from the ANTSTAT signal generated by this circuit. The examples use values for components that roughly result in the following ANTSTAT output: • • • Logic low when: Logic high when: Logic low when: Iant < 9mA 9mA > Iant < 16mA Iant > 16mA 10.7.
10.7.2 Antenna Sensor with Current Limiter This proposal is similar to the first one, but includes a current limiter. Comments and notes as above apply. We strongly recommend simulating and testing the GPS receiver integrated in your product design before implementing the finalized product in the appropriate market application. In any case it is the responsibility of the designer to test and verify the implementation.
10.8 VANT Pin The VANT pin is an input pin. The supply voltage for an active GPS antenna on the ANT input has to be fed into the Vant pin. The easiest way to do that is to connect Vcc to VANT. The maximum current is 50 mA. Note: Shortcut between ANT and GND may damage the A2100-A GPS receiver module. This should be avoided by using an antenna current limiter. The circuit (chapter “10.7.2 Antenna Sensor with Current Limiter”) works for Vcc from 3V to 5V.
Figure 17: 1PPS waveform (reference) 10.10 5 Hz Navigation Update Rate User can select 1Hz or 5Hz output rate of navigation computation and message, it supports rapid change of direction and improves accuracy on sport-related applications.
11 Evaluation Kit EVA2100-A/B For demonstration and easy evaluation of GPS performance Maestro offers an evaluation kit (including one GPS A2100-A/B module). It contains a USB interface with according drivers to connect easily to a PC. The USB interface is an extension of the serial port 0, therefore sending NMEA sentences or binary information and accepting commands. At the same time it provides power to the module. Accompanied by both an active and passive antenna it offers a ready-to-go set.
12 Related Information 12.1 Contact This manual was created with due diligence. We hope that it will be helpful to the user to get the most out of the GPS module. Inputs regarding errors or mistaken verbalizations and comments or proposals to Maestro, Hongkong, for further improvements are highly appreciated. Maestro Wireless Solutions Limited Add:Unit 3603-09,36/F.,118 Connaught Road West,HK Main Line: (852) 28690688 Fax: (852)25254701 support-gps@maestro-wireless.com www.maestro-wireless.com 12.
13 List of Figures Figure 1: A2100-A label ........................................................................................... 8 Figure 2: A2100-A/B tape specifications (1)........................................................... 10 Figure 3: A2100-A/B tape specifications (2)........................................................... 11 Figure 4: A2100-A/B tape specifications (3)........................................................... 11 Figure 5: Minimum configuration A2100-A .................
