User's Manual

Rad-87 Pulse CO-Oximeter Operator’s Manual
1-5
1
Overview
instrument. The instrument displays the calculated data as percentage value for the SpMet.
SpHb (Total Hemoglobin) General Description
Pulse CO-Oximetry is a continuous and noninvasive method of measuring the levels of total
hemoglobin (SpHb) in arterial blood. It relies on the same principles of pulse oximetry to make
the SpHb measurement. The measurement is taken by a sensor capable of measuring SpHb,
usually on the fingertip for adults and pediatric patients. The sensor connects directly to the
Pulse CO-Oximeter or with a patient cable. The sensor collects signal data from the patient and
sends it to the instrument. The instrument displays the calculated data as measurement of total
hemoglobin concentration. The Rad-87 can be configured to be a combined SpO
2
monitor with
other available parameters/measurements.
CaO
2
(Total Arterial Oxygen Content) General Description
*
Oxygen (O2) is carried in the blood in two forms, either dissolved in plasma or combined with
hemoglobin. The amount of oxygen in the arterial blood is termed the oxygen content (CaO2)
and is measured in units of ml O2/dl blood. One gram of hemoglobin (Hb) can carry 1.34 ml of
oxygen, whereas 100 ml of blood plasma may carry approximately 0.3 ml of oxygen. The oxygen
content is determined mathematically as:
CaO
2
= 1.34 (ml O
2
/g Hb) x Hb (g/dL) x HbO
2
+ PaO
2
(mm Hg) x (0.3 ml O
2
/ 100 mm Hg/dL)
Where HbO
2
is the fractional arterial oxygen saturation and PaO
2
is the partial pressure of
arterial oxygen.
For typical PaO
2
values, the second part of the above equation [PaO
2
(mm Hg) x (0.3 ml O
2
/ 100 mm
Hg/dL] is approximately 0.3 ml/dl. Furthermore, for typical carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin
levels, the functional saturation (SpO
2
) as measured by a pulse oximeter is given by:
SpO
2
= 1.02 x HbO
2
* Martin, Laurence. All You Really Need to Know to Interpret Arterial Blood Gases, Second Edition. New York: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
SpOC (Pulse CO-Oximetry) General Description
The above approximations result in the following reduced equation for oxygen content via the
Pulse CO-Oximeter:
SpOC (ml/dl
†
) = 1.31 (ml O
2
/g Hb) x SpHb (g/dL) x SpO
2
+ 0.3 ml/dl
†
When ml O2/g Hb is multiplied by g/dL of Hb, the gram unit in the denominator of ml/g cancels the gram unit in the
numerator of g/dL resulting in ml/dl (ml of oxygen in one dl of blood) as the unit of measure for SpOC.
Rainbow Acoustic Monitoring General Description
Rainbow Acoustic Monitoring continuously measures a patient's respiration rate based on airflow
sounds generated in the upper airway. The Acoustic Respiration Sensor translates airflow
sounds generated in the upper airway to an electrical signal that can be processed to produce a
respiration rate, measured as breaths per minute.