User's Manual

4-10
Rad-87 Pulse CO-Oximeter Operator’s Manual
4
Numeric Display - SpO
2
Stability of the SpO
2
readings may be a good indicator of signal validity. Although stability is a
relative term, experience will provide confidence in changes that are artifactual or physiological
and the speed, timing, and behavior of each. The stability of the readings over time is affected by
the averaging mode being used. The longer the averaging time, the more stable the readings tend
to become. This is due to a dampened response as the signal is averaged over a longer period
of time than during shorter averaging times. However, longer averaging times delay the response
of the instrument and reduce the measured variations of SpO
2
Inaccurate measurements may
be caused by:
■ Elevated levels of Carboxyhemoglobin.
■ Elevated levels of Methemoglobin.
■ Severe anemia.
■ Elevated Total Bilirubin levels.
■ Low arterial perfusion.
■ Motion artifact.
Numeric Display - Pulse Rate
The Pulse Rate displayed on the Rad-87 Pulse CO-Oximeter may differ slightly from the heart
rate displayed on ECG monitors due to differences in averaging times. There may also be a
discrepancy between cardiac electrical activity and peripheral arterial pulsation. Significant
differences may indicate a problem with the signal quality due to physiological changes in the
patient or one of the instruments or application of the sensor or patient cable. The pulsations from
intra-aortic balloon support can cause the pulse rate displayed on the Rad-87 to be significantly
different than the ECG heart rate.
Numeric display - RRa
Rainbow Acoustic Monitoring continuously measures a patient’s respiration rate based on
airflow sounds generated in the upper airway.
SpO
2
monitoring is required when monitoring RRa
(Acoustic Respiration). When SpO
2
monitoring is not available, RRa values will appear as "- -"
.
Inaccurate measurements may be caused by:
■ Excessive ambient or environmental noise.
■ Improper sensor placement.
Numeric Display - SpCO
A stable SpCO reading is associated with correct sensor placement, small physiological changes
during the measurement and acceptable levels of arterial perfusion in the patient’s measurement
site. Physiological changes at the measurement site are mainly caused by fluctuations in the arterial
oxygen saturation, blood concentration and perfusion. Inaccurate measurements may be caused by:
■ Elevated levels of methemoglobin.
■ Intravascular dyes such as indocyanine green or methylene blue.
■ Abnormal hemoglobin levels.
■ Low arterial perfusion.
■ Low arterial oxygen saturation levels.
■ Elevated Total Bilirubin levels.
■ Motion artifact.
Operation