9-4723; Rev 0; 7/09 KIT ATION EVALU E L B AVAILA 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers The MAX17528 comprises 1-phase Quick-PWM™ stepdown VID power-supply controllers for Intel notebook CPUs. The Quick-PWM control provides instantaneous response to fast-load current steps. Active voltage positioning reduces power dissipation and bulk output capacitance requirements and allows ideal positioning compensation for tantalum, polymer, or ceramic bulk output capacitors.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS BST to GND ............................................................-0.3V to +36V LX to BST..................................................................-6V to +0.3V BST to VDD.............................................................-0.3V to +30V DH to LX ....................................................-0.3V to (VBST + 0.3V) Continuous Power Dissipation (32-pin, 5mm x 5mm TQFN) Up to +70°C ...................
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers (Circuit of Figure 1, VIN = 12V, VDD = VCC = 5V, CLKEN pullup to 3.3V with 1.9kΩ, SHDN = SLOW = ILIM = PGDIN = VCC, SKIP = GNDS = PGND = GND, VFB = VCSP = VCSN = 1.200V, D0–D6 set for 1.20V (D0–D6 = 0001100). TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise specified. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2) PARAMETER On-Time SYMBOL t ON Minimum Off-Time t OFF(MIN) TON Shutdown Input Current CONDITIONS VIN = 12V, VFB = 1.2V (Note 4) MIN TYP MAX RTON = 96.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (Circuit of Figure 1, VIN = 12V, VDD = VCC = 5V, CLKEN pullup to 3.3V with 1.9kΩ, SHDN = SLOW = ILIM = PGDIN = VCC, SKIP = GNDS = PGND = GND, VFB = VCSP = VCSN = 1.200V, D0–D6 set for 1.20V (D0–D6 = 0001100). TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise specified. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS IMVP-6.5 CLKEN Output Low Voltage IMVP-6.5: CLKEN pullup to 3.3V with 1.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers (Circuit of Figure 1, VIN = 12V, VDD = VCC = 5V, CLKEN pullup to 3.3V with 1.9kΩ, SHDN = SLOW = ILIM = PGDIN = VCC, SKIP = GNDS = PGND = GND, VFB = VCSP = VCSN = 1.200V, D0–D6 set for 1.20V (D0–D6 = 0001100). TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise specified. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Circuit of Figure 1, VIN = 12V, VDD = VCC = 5V, CLKEN pullup to 3.3V with 1.9kΩ, SHDN = SLOW = ILIM = PGDIN = VCC, SKIP = GNDS = PGND = GND, VFB = VCSP = VCSN = 1.200V, D0–D6 set for 1.20V (D0–D6 = 0001100). TA = -40°C to +105°C, unless otherwise specified.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN MAX UNITS 4.5 5.5 V DAC codes from 0.8125V to 1.5000V -0.75 +0.75 % DAC codes from 0.3750V to 0.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers (Circuit of Figure 1, VIN = 12V, VDD = VCC = 5V, CLKEN pullup to 3.3V with 1.9kΩ, SHDN = SLOW = ILIM = PGDIN = VCC, SKIP = GNDS = PGND = GND, VFB = VCSP = VCSN = 1.200V, D0–D6 set for 1.20V (D0–D6 = 0001100). TA = -40°C to +105°C, unless otherwise specified.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL PWRGD Startup Delay CONDITIONS MIN MAX UNITS IMVP-6.5, CLKEN pullup to 3.3V with 1.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (Circuit of Figure 1, VIN = 12V, VDD = VCC = 5V, CLKEN pullup to 3.3V with 1.9kΩ, SHDN = SLOW = ILIM = PGDIN = VCC, SKIP = GNDS = PGND = GND, VFB = VCSP = VCSN = 1.200V, D0–D6 set for 1.20V (D0–D6 = 0001100). TA = -40°C to +105°C, unless otherwise specified.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers 70 20V 90 0.90 SKIP MODE PWM MODE 50 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.88 PWM MODE 80 70 20V 60 50 0.84 100 12V 7V 0.86 60 0 5 10 15 20 0.01 25 0.1 1 10 LOAD CURRENT (A) LOAD CURRENT (A) LOAD CURRENT (A) 0.65V OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT OUTPUT EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT 90 EFFICIENCY (%) 0.65 0.64 12V 7V SKIP MODE 80 70 PWM MODE 20V MAX17528 toc06 SKIP MODE PWM MODE 1.
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Circuit of Figure 1.) VOUT = 0.65V NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE 100 IIN (PWM) ICC + IDD (PWM) 10 10 IBIAS (mA) ICC + IDD (PWM) ICC + IDD (SKIP) 1 ICC + IDD (SKIP) 1 IIN (SKIP) IIN (SKIP) 24 6 IMON TRANSCONDUCTANCE DISTRIBUTION MAX17528 toc12 75 60 12 45 8 30 VCSP-N (mV) 606 604 602 600 0.8175 0.8165 0.8155 0.8145 0.8135 0.8125 0.8115 0 0.8105 0 598 20 10 0.8095 5.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers IMVP-6.5 SOFT-START WAVEFORM (UP TO CLKEN) IMVP-6.5 SOFT-START WAVEFORM (UP TO PWRGD) MAX17528 toc16 5V A 0 5V 0 IMVP-6.5 SHUTDOWN WAVEFORM MAX17528 toc17 B MAX17528 toc18 5V A 5V 0 5V B 0 3.3V 0 5V C 0 1V 1V A B 0 5V C 0 5V C D D 0 0.9V 0 D 0 E 0 200µs/div A. SHDN, 5V/div B. CLKEN, 5V/div E 0 F 0 1ms/div C. VOUT, 500mV/div D. INDUCTOR CURRENT, 10A/div A. SHDN, 5V/div B. PWRGD, 5V/div C. CLKEN, 5V/div 100µs/div D.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Circuit of Figure 1.) LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE (IMVP-6.5 LFM MODE) DPRSLPVR = HIGH, SLOW = LOW, VID5 TRANSITION LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX17528 toc24 MAX17528 toc23 MAX17528 toc22 8A 9.5A A 3.5A 1V 0 1.5A 1V 1.0815V 0.8375V A A B 0.825V B B 1.03V 0.6V 8A C C 9.5A 3.5A C 1.5A 0 A. IOUT = 3.5A TO 9.5A, 5A/div B. VOUT, 20mV/div A. IOUT = 1.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers BIAS SUPPLY REMOVAL (UVLO RESPONSE) OUTPUT OVERLOAD WAVEFORM MAX17528 toc29 MAX17528 toc28 5V 1V A 0.9V A 0 5V B 0 5V B 0 5V C 0 C 0 5V D 0 D 0 10A E 0 100µs/div A. VOUT, 500mV/div B. PGOOD, 5V/div C. DL, 5V/div D. INDUCTOR CURRENT, 10A/div 200µs/div A. 5V BIAS SUPPLY, 5V/div D. PGOOD, 5V/div B. VOUT, 500mV/div E. INDUCTOR CURRENT, C.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers MAX17528 Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION Current Monitor Output. The MAX17528 IMON output sources a current that is directly proportional to the current-sense voltage as defined by: I IMON = Gm(IMON) x (VCSP - VCSN) where Gm(IMON) = 5mS (typ). The IMON current is unidirectional (sources current out of IMON only) for positive current-sense values. For negative current-sense voltages, the IMON current is zero.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers PIN 7 8 NAME SKIP THRM FUNCTION Pulse-Skipping Control Input. This 1.0V logic input signal indicates power usage and sets the operating mode of the MAX17528. When SKIP is forced high, the controller is immediately set to automatic pulse-skipping mode. The controller returns to forced-PWM mode when SKIP is forced low and the output is in regulation.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers MAX17528 Pin Description (continued) PIN NAME FUNCTION 12 CLKEN Dual-Function GMCH/IMVP-6.5 Select Input and Active-Low IMVP-6.5 CPU Clock Enable OpenDrain Output. Connect to system 3.3V supply through pullup resistors for proper IMVP-6.5 operation. CLKEN voltage has to be higher than 2.3V before SHDN is pulled high. Connect to GND to select the Intel GMCH feature set. This active-low logic output indicates when the feedback voltage is in regulation.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers PIN NAME 28 VRHOT FUNCTION Active-Low Open-Drain Output of Internal Comparator. VRHOT is pulled low when the voltage at THRM goes below 1.5V (30% of VCC). VRHOT is high-impedance in shutdown. Slew-Rate Adjustment Pin. TIME regulates to 2.0V and the load current determines the slew rate of the internal error-amplifier target. The sum of the resistance between TIME and GND (RTIME) determines the nominal slew rate: Slew rate = (12.5mV/µs) x (71.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers 11 ON OFF (VRON) 6 AGND 7 27 SYSTEM I/O POWER-GOOD 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 VCC SHDN AGND SKIP VDD D0 D1 D2 TON D3 D4 BST DH 24 PGND ILIM RTON 200kΩ CIN RPWRGD 10kΩ 12 28 RTHRM 7.87kΩ 8 VCC CPU IMON 22 C8 0.022µF COUT R12 10kΩ 21 PWR PWR 5 R11 1.50kΩ CCSP OPEN 4 CSENSE 0.47µF NTC1 10kΩ B = 4500 AGND CCSN OPEN DCR THERMAL COMPENSATION AGND PWRGD VRHOT FB R15 10Ω RFB 4.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers DESIGN PARAMETERS Circuit AUBURNDALE IMVP-6.5 ULV AUBURNDALE IMVP-6.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers 11 ON OFF (VRON) 6 7 27 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 VID INPUTS VCC SHDN SLOW AGND SKIP VDD D0 D1 D2 TON D3 D4 D5 D6 BST DH PGND ILIM TIME CSP R2 6.65kΩ AGND CSN 3.3V RVRHOT 10kΩ RPWRGD 10kΩ 12 28 GFX IMON C8 0.022µF 8 CIN RBST 0Ω 26 PWR NHI L1 0.42µH 1.55mΩ 25 GFX OUTPUT D1 22 R10 1.50kΩ NLO COUT R12 4.02kΩ 21 PWR PWR 5 R11 1.50kΩ CCSP OPEN 4 CSENSE 0.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers Free-Running, Constant On-Time Controllers with Input Feed-Forward The Quick-PWM control architecture is a pseudo-fixedfrequency, constant-on-time, current-mode regulator with voltage feed-forward (Figure 3). This architecture relies on the output filter capacitor’s ESR and the load regulation to provide the proper current-mode compensation, so the resulting feedback ripple voltage provides the PWM ramp signal.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers CSP CURRENT MONITOR 10x CSN ILIM IMON Gm(IMON) 5mS MINIMUM OFF-TIME TIME Q TRIG MAX17528 ONE-SHOT FB ON-TIME TON ONE-SHOT TRIG Q VCC REF (2.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers fSW = (VOUT + VDIS ) t ON (VIN + VDIS − VCHG ) where VDIS is the sum of the parasitic voltage drops in the inductor discharge path, including synchronous rectifier, inductor, and PCB resistances; VCHG is the sum of the parasitic voltage drops in the inductor charge path, including high-side switch, inductor, and PCB resistances; and tON is the on-time as determined above.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers VTARGET = VFB = VDAC + VGNDS where VDAC is the selected VID voltage. On startup, IMVP-6.5 (CLKEN pullup to 3.3V with 1.9kΩ) applications slew the target voltage from ground to the preset 1.1V boot voltage and GMCH (CLKEN = GND) applications slew the target voltage directly to the VID-selected DAC target.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers Table 2. IMVP-6.5 Output Voltage VID DAC Codes D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 IMVP-6.5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5000 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.4875 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.6875 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1.4750 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.6750 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1.4625 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.6625 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.4500 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.6500 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.4375 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 IMVP-6.5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1.0250 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0.2250 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1.0125 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0.2125 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1.0000 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0.2000 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0.9875 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0.1875 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0.9750 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0.1750 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0.9625 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0.1625 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0.9500 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers The MAX17528 automatically controls the current to the minimum level required to complete the transition in the calculated time. The slew-rate controller uses an internal capacitor and current-source programmed by RTIME to transition the output voltage. The total transition time depends on RTIME, the voltage difference, and the accuracy of the slew-rate controller (CSLEW accuracy).
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers The exit transition begins by pulling GFXDPRSLPVR low, followed by LSB VID steps every 2.5µs until the active VID target is reached (Figure 6). Fast GMCH sleep exit: When quickly exiting from the sleep state, the system immediately changes the VID code to the active VID code (no LSB stepping) and keeps GFXDPRSLPVR asserted to select the fast 10mV/µs slew rate.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers Forced-PWM Operation (Normal Mode) Light-Load Pulse-Skipping Operation During soft-shutdown and normal operation—when the CPU is actively running (SKIP = low, Table 3), the MAX17528 operates with the low-noise, forced-PWM control scheme. Forced-PWM operation disables the zero-crossing comparator, forcing the low-side gatedrive waveforms to constantly be the complement of the high-side gate-drive waveforms.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers ⎛t V ⎞ ⎛ V − VOUT ⎞ ILOAD(SKIP) = ⎜ SW OUT ⎟ ⎜ IN ⎟⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎝ L VIN The switching waveforms might appear noisy and asynchronous when light loading activates pulse-skipping operation, but this is a normal operating condition that results in high light-load efficiency. Trade-offs between PFM noise and light-load efficiency are made by varying the inductor value. Generally, low inductor values produce a broader efficiency vs.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers If the VCC voltage drops below 4.25V, the controller assumes that there is not enough supply voltage to make valid decisions. To protect the output from overvoltage faults, the controller shuts down immediately and forces a high-impedance output (DL and DH pulled low) and pulls CSN low through a 10Ω discharge MOSFET. VCC SHDN VID (D0–D6) INVALID VID VALID VID INVALID VID SOFT-START 1/8 RTIME SLEW RATE SOFT-SHUTDOWN 1/8 RTIME SLEW RATE 1.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers SHDN SLOW SKIP GND X X DISABLED LOW-POWER SHUTDOWN. DL forced low, and the controller is disabled. The supply current drops below 30µA. STARTUP. When SHDN is pulled high, the MAX17528 begins the startup sequence after the internal circuitry powers up. The MAX17528 enables the PWM controller and ramps the output voltage up to the startup voltage. See Figures 9 and 10. MAX17528 Table 3.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers The current monitor allows the processor to accurately monitor the CPU load and quickly calculate the power dissipation to determine if the system is about to overheat before the significantly slower temperature sensor signals an overtemperature alert. Connect an external resistor between IMON and VSS_SENSE to create the desired IMON gain based on the following equation: RIMON = 0.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers MAX17528 BST MAX17528 The internal pulldown transistor that drives DL low is robust, with a 0.25Ω (typ) on-resistance. This helps prevent DL from being pulled up due to capacitive coupling from the drain to the gate of the low-side MOSFETs when the inductor node (LX) quickly switches from ground to VIN.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers • • Switching frequency: This choice determines the basic trade-off between size and efficiency. The optimal frequency is largely a function of maximum input voltage due to MOSFET switching losses that are proportional to frequency and VIN2. The optimum frequency is also a moving target due to rapid improvements in MOSFET technology that are making higher frequencies more practical.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers ⎛ LIR ⎞ IVALLEY > ILOAD(MAX) ⎜1 − ⎟ ⎝ 2 ⎠ In CPU VCORE converters and other applications where the output is subject to large-load transients, the output capacitor’s size typically depends on how much ESR is needed to prevent the output from dipping too low under a load transient.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers RPCB is the parasitic board resistance between the output capacitors and sense resistors. For a standard 300kHz application, the ESR zero frequency must be well below 95kHz, preferably below 50kHz. Tantalum, SANYO POSCAP, and Panasonic SP capacitors in widespread use at the time of publication have typical ESR zero frequencies below 50kHz. In the standard GMCH application circuit, the ESR needed to support a 10mVP-P ripple is 10mV/(10A x 0.3) = 3.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers ⎛V ⎞ 2 PD(NHRe sistive) = ⎜ OUT ⎟ (ILOAD ) RDS(ON) ⎝ VIN ⎠ Generally, a small high-side MOSFET is desired to reduce switching losses at high input voltages. However, the RDS(ON) required to stay within package power dissipation often limits how small the MOSFET can be. Again, the optimum occurs when the switching losses equal the conduction (RDS(ON)) losses.
MAX17528 1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers Applications Information • CSP and CSN connections for current limiting and voltage positioning must be made using Kelvinsense connections to guarantee the current-sense accuracy. • Route high-speed switching nodes (LX, DH, BST, and DL) away from sensitive analog areas (FB, CSP, CSN, CCV, etc.). PCB Layout Guidelines Careful PCB layout is critical to achieve low switching losses and clean, stable operation.
1-Phase Quick-PWM Intel IMVP-6.5/GMCH Controllers PROCESS: BiCMOS For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO. 32 TQFN T3255-3 21-0140 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.