© November 1, 2001 Maxtor Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein – which will be incorporated in revised editions of the publication. Maxtor may make changes or improvements in the product(s) described in this publication at any time and without notice. UL/CSA/VDE/TUV UL standard 1954 recognition granted under File No. E78016 CSA standard C22.
This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licences restricting its use, copying, distributing, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Maxtor and its licensors, if any.
Thank you for your interest in Maxtor hard disk drives. This manual provides technical information for OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the installation and use of Maxtor hard drives. Drive repair should be performed only at an authorized repair center. For repair information, contact the Maxtor Customer Service Center at 800-2MAXTOR or 408-922-2085. CAUTION: Maxtor hard drives are precision products.
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 AUDIENCE ............................................................................................................. MANUAL ORGANIZATION................................................................................ TERMINOLOGY AND CONVENTIONS ........................................................... REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.
Table of Contents 3.9 TECHNIQUES IN DRIVE CONFIGURATION ................................................ 3-16 3.9.1 The 528-Megabytes Barrier ............................................................................ 3-16 3.9.2 The 8.4-Gigabytes Barrier ...............................................................................3-16 3.9.3 Operating system limitations ........................................................................... 3-17 3.10 SYSTEM STARTUP AND OPERATION .....................
Table of Contents 5.2.6 Servo Processor ................................................................................................ 5-8 5.2.7 Read/Write Interface ....................................................................................... 5-8 5.2.8 ATA Interface Controller ................................................................................. 5-8 5.2.9 Motor Controller ............................................................................................. 5-8 5.
Figure 3-1 Figure 3-2 Figure 3-3 Figure 3-4 Figure 3-5 Figure 3-6 Figure 3-7 Figure 3-8 Figure 3-9 Figure 3-10 Figure 3-11 Figure 5-1 Figure 5-2 viii Mechanical Dimensions of Maxtor D540X-4K Hard Disk Drive ................. 3-1 Drive Packing Assembly ............................................................................... 3-2 Drive Packing Assembly of a Polypropylene 20-Pack Container ................... 3-3 Jumper Locations for the Maxtor D540X-4K Hard Disk Drive ...................
Table 3-1 Table 3-2 Table 3-3 Table 4-1 Table 4-2 Table 4-3 Table 4-4 Table 4-5 Table 4-6 Table 4-7 Table 4-8 Table 4-9 Table 5-1 Table 5-1 Table 5-2 Table 6-1 Table 6-2 Table 6-3 Table 6-4 Table 6-5 Table 6-6 Table 6-7 Table 6-8 Table 6-9 Table 6-10 Table 6-11 Table 6-12 Table 6-13 AT Jumper Options .............................................................................................. 3-5 J1 Power Connector, Section A ...................................................................
Table of Contents x Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.
This chapter gives an overview of the contents of this manual, including the intended audience, how the manual is organized, terminology and conventions, and references. ! The Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT Product Manual is intended for several audiences. These audiences include: the end user, installer, developer, consumer electronics and personal computer original equipment manufacturer (CE/ PC OEM), and distributor.
About This Manual • ATA advanced technology attachment • bpi bits per inch • dB decibels • dBA decibels, A weighted • DPS Data Protection System • SPS Shock Protection System • ECC error correcting code • Kfci thousands of flux changes per inch • Hz hertz • KB kilobytes • LSB least significant bit • mA milliamperes • MB megabytes (1 MB = 1,000,000 bytes when referring to disk transfer rates or storage capacities and 1,048,576 bytes in all other cases) • Mb/s megabits per second
About This Manual • Parameters: Parameters are given as initial capitals when spelled out, and are given as all capitals when abbreviated. Examples are Prefetch Enable (PE), and Cache Enable (CE). • Hexadecimal Notation: The hexadecimal notation is given in 9-point subscript form. An example is 30H. • Signal Negation: A signal name that is defined as active low is listed with a minus sign following the signal. An example is RD–.
About This Manual 1-4 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.
! !" #! " $ This chapter summarizes the general functions and key features of the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT hard disk drives, as well as the applicable standards and regulations. ! $ $ % Maxtor’s D540X-4K hard disk drives are part of a family of high performance, 1inch-high hard disk drives manufactured to meet the highest product quality standards. These hard disk drives use nonremovable, 3 1/2-inch hard disks and are available with the ATA interface.
General Description ! & # The Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT hard disk drives include the following key features: General • Formatted storage capacity of 20.4 GB (1 disk, 1 heads), 40.0 GB (1 disks, 2 heads), 60.0 (2 disks, 3 heads) and 80.0 (2 disks, 4 heads) • Low profile, 1-inch height • Industry standard 3 1/2-inch form factor • Compliance with ANSI/NCITS interface standard for AT Attachment, revision 6 (ATA/ATAPI-6).
General Description • High performance, in-line defective sector skipping • Reassignment of defective sectors discovered in the field, without reformatting • Shock Protection System II to enhance protection against both operating and non-operating shock • Data Protection System to verify drive integrity Versatility • Power saving modes • Downloadable firmware • Cable select feature • Ability to daisy-chain two drives on the interface Windows MS Logo Certification • Passed Windows Me, Windows 98, Windows 20
General Description Maxtor’s disk drives are designed as a separate subassembly that conforms to the FCC Rules for Radiated and Conducted emissions, Part 15 Subpart J; Class B when installed in a given computer system. ! % 2 The Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives are compatible with computers and other hosts that support the ATA interface.
% This chapter explains how to unpack, configure, mount, and connect the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT hard disk drive prior to operation. It also explains how to start up and operate the drive. ! 2 The Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives are shipped without a faceplate. Figure 31 shows the external dimensions of the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT drives. Mechanical Dimensions of Maxtor D540X-4K Hard Disk Drive Maxtor D540X-4K 20.
Installation ! & !" The maximum limits for physical shock can be exceeded if the drive is not handled properly. Special care should be taken not to bump or drop the drive. It is highly recommended that Maxtor D540X-4K drives are not stacked or placed on any hard surface after they are unpacked. Such handling could cause media damage. 1. Open the shipping container and remove the packing assembly that contains the drive. 2. Remove the drive from the packing assembly.
Installation Drive Packing Assembly of a Polypropylene 20-Pack Container Note: The 20-pack container should be shipped in the same way it was received from Maxtor. When individual drives are shipped from the 20-pack container then it should be appropriately packaged (not supplied with the 20-pack) to prevent damage. Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.
Installation ! % The configuration of a Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT hard disk drive depends on the host system in which it is to be installed. This section describes the hardware options that you must take into account prior to installation. Figure 34 shows the printed circuit board (PCB) assembly, indicating the jumpers that control some of these options.
Installation The configuration of the following four jumpers controls the drive’s modes of operation: • CS – Cable Select • DS – Drive Select • PK– Jumper Parking Position (Slave mode) • AC– Alternate Capacity The AT PCB has two jumper locations provided to configure the drive in a system. The default configuration for the drive as shipped from the factory is with a jumper across the CS location, and open positions in the DS, PK and AC positions.
Installation Once you install the CS jumper, the drive is configured as a Master or Slave by the state of the Cable Select signal: pin 28 of the ATA bus connector. Please note that pin 28 is a vendor-specific pin that Maxtor is using for a specific purpose. More than one function is allocated to CS, according to the ATA CAM specification (see reference to this specification in Chapter 1). If pin 28 is a 0 (grounded), the drive is configured as a Master.
Installation ! ! ) . /- + 4 5 For user capacities below 66,055,248 sectors (32 GB), inserting the AC jumper limits the Number of Cylinders field to a value of 4,092, as reported in IDENTIFY DEVICE data word 1. This allows software drivers to determine that the actual capacity is larger than indicated by the maximum CHS, requiring LBA addressing to use the full capacity.
Installation ! There are two ways you can configure a system to allow the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives to communicate over the ATA bus of an IBM or IBM-compatible PC: 1. Connect the drive to a 40-pin ATA bus connector (if available) on the motherboard of the PC. 2. Install an IDE-compatible adapter board in the PC, and connect the drive to the adapter board. ! ! :; -. (1 *..
Installation ! $ Drive mounting orientation, clearance, and ventilation requirements are described in the following subsections. ! ! - . -*. The mounting holes on the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT hard disk drives allow the drive to be mounted in any orientation. Figure 3-6 and Figure 3-7 show the location of the three mounting holes on each side of the drive.
Installation ( Mounting !" Screw Clearance for the Maxtor D540X-4K Hard Disk Drives The PCB is very close to the mounting holes. Do not exceed the specified length for the mounting screws. The specified screw length allows full use of the mounting hole threads, while avoiding damaging or placing unwanted stress on the PCB. Figure 3-8 specifies the minimum clearance between the PCB and the screws in the mounting holes.
Installation ! ! ) ./ Clearance from the drive to any other surface (except mounting surfaces) must be a minimum of 1.25 mm (0.05 inches). ! ! $ . -) -*. The Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT hard disk drives operate without a cooling fan, provided the ambient air temperature does not exceed 131°F (55°C) at any point along the drive form factor envelope. ! 46 5 J1 is a three-in-one combination connector. The drive’s DC power can be applied to section A.
Installation ! ! *< 46 = / -*. 5 The recommended mating connectors for the +5 VDC and +12 VDC input power are listed in Table 3-2. % J1 " " / ) 2!3 . 3 2 3 Power Connector, Section A ".
Installation !? # % You can install the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT hard disk drives in an AT-compatible system that contains a 40-pin ATA bus connector on the motherboard. To connect the drive to the motherboard, use a 40 conductor ribbon cable (80 conductor ribbon cable if using UltraATA/66 drive) 18 inches in length or shorter. Ensure that pin 1 of the drive is connected to pin 1 of the motherboard connector.
Installation -(- - 7 8 / 7 & 9 Use a 40-pin ribbon cable to connect the drive to the board. See Figure 3-10. To connect the drive to the board: 1. Insert the 40-pin cable connector into the mating connector of the adapter board. Make sure that pin 1 of the connector matches with pin 1 on the cable. 2. Insert the other end of the cable into the header on the drive.
Installation Completing the Drive Installation Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.
Installation !A !A! 2 $ @; ' 3+ 1 - Older BIOS that only support Int 13 commands for accessing ATA drives through DOS based operating systems will be limited to use only 1024 cylinders. This will reduce the effective capacity of the drive to 528 Mbytes. Whenever possible the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT drive should be used on systems that support LBA translation to ensure the use of the entire capacity of the disk drive.
Installation !A! -.' 1+1 , )-,- -*.1 Most popular operating systems available today have additional limitations which affect the use of large capacity drives. However, these limitations can not be corrected on the BIOS and it is up to the operating system manufacturers to release improved versions to address these problems. The most popular operating systems available today, DOS and Win 95, use a File Allocation Table (FAT) size of 16 bits which will only support partitions up to 2.1 GB.
Installation % Logical Addressing Format ,-# #,-, *,-, (,-, LBA Capacity 20,416 MB 40,037 MB 60,040 MB 80,026 MB CHS Capacity 8,455 MB* (Default) 20,416 MB (Configurable) 8,455 MB* (Default) 40,037 MB (Configurable) 8,455 MB* (Default) 60,040 MB (Configurable) 8,455 MB* (Default) 80,026 MB (Configurable) LogicalCylinders 16,383* 16,383* 16,383* 16,383* Logical Heads 16 16 16 16 Logical Sectors/ Track 63 63 63 63 Total Number Logical Sectors 39,876,480
& $! This chapter gives a detailed description of the physical, electrical, and environmental characteristics of the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives. ! # Table 4-1 gives a summary of the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives.
Specifications & 1. Disk to read buffer transfer rate is zone-dependent, instantaneous : !) &$#,: #' ) 2. !" Refer to Section 4.14, “DISK ERRORS” for details on error rate definitions. ,-# ./ #,-, ./ *,-, ./ (,-, .
Specifications & ) !" ,-# ./ Reliability: Seek error rate3 1 in 106 Unrecoverable error 1 in 1014 rate3 Error correction 360-bit method Reed (with cross check) Solomon 4 Projected MTBF 800,000 hrs Contact Start/Stop Cycles4 (Ambient 50,000 min. temperature) Auto head-park method : !) &$#,: #' #,-, ./ *,-, ./ (,-, .
Specifications ! # At the factory, the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT hard disk drives receive a low-level format that creates the actual tracks and sectors on the drive. Table 4-2 shows the capacity resulting from this process. Formatting done at the user level, for operation with DOS, UNIX, or other operating systems, may result in less capacity than the physical capacity shown in Table 4-2. % # Formatted Capacity : !) &$#,: #' ,-# ./ #,-, ./ *,-, .
Specifications ! Table 4-3 illustrates the timing specifications of the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives. % # Timing ) ) Sequential Cylinder Switch Time3 Sequential Head Switch Time4 Random Average (Read or Seek)9 Random Average (Write)9 Full-Stroke Seek Average Rotational Latency Power On5 to Drive Ready6 Standby7 to Interface Ready Spindown Time, Standby Command Spindown Time, Power loss Specifications 4 3 "! " 31 ;!) 2 2 ms 2 ms 12 ms 15 ms 24 ms 5.
Specifications 7. Standby is the condition at which the microprocessor is powered, but not the HDA. When the host sends the drive a shutdown command, the drive parks the heads away from the data zone, and spins down to a complete stop. 8. After this time it is safe to move the disk drive 9. Average random seek is defined as the average seek time between random logical block addresses (LBAs). ! % The Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.
Specifications ! ! *< B(- , . 1 Table 4-5 lists the voltages and typical average corresponding currents for the various modes of operation of the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives. % # $ Typical Power and Current Consumption 4 3 2 ) . )) " !& ! ! ) !" 5= ) 2 7 > 6 ? 2 ?$2 ,-# #,-, ./ *,-, (,-, ./ ,-# #,-, ./ *,-, (,-, .
Specifications 3. Idle mode is in effect when the drive is not reading, writing, seeking, or executing any commands. A portion of the R/W circuitry is powered down, the motor is up to speed and the Drive Ready condition exists. 4. Maximum seeking is defined as continuous random seek operations with typical host command overhead. 5. Standby mode is defined as when the motor is stopped, the actuator is parked, and all electronics except the interface control are in low power state.
Specifications !? Height: 1.0 in.(25.4 mm) Width: 4.0 in.(101.6 mm) Depth: 5.75 in.(146.1 mm) Weight: Maxtor D540X-4K 40.0 GB AT (2-Disk) 1.3 lb !@ $ Table 4-7 summarizes the environmental specifications of the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives. % # 0 Environmental ) ) ! ) ". Specifications "!" ! ) ". Temperature1 (Non-condensing) 5° to 55°C (41° to 131°F) -40° to 65°C (-40° to 149°F) Temperature Gradient (Non-condensing) 24°C/hr maximum (75.
Specifications !A & $ The Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT hard disk drives can withstand levels of shock and vibration applied to any of its three mutually perpendicular axes, or principal base axis, as specified in Table 4-8. A functioning drive can be subjected to specified operating levels of shock and vibration. When a drive has been subjected to specified nonoperating levels of shock and vibration, with power to the drive off, there will be no loss of user data at power on.
Specifications ! : $ Before handling the Maxtor hard disk drive some precautions must to be taken to ensure that the drive is not damaged. Use both hands while handling the drive and hold the drive by its edges. Maxtor drives are designed to withstand normal handling, however, hard drives can be damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD), dropping the drive, rough handling, and mishandling. Use of a properly grounded wrist strap to the earth is strongly recommended.
Specifications ! # 5 Volts/meter over a range of 10 KHz to 1 GHz. ! 0.5 g-mm maximum (This is approximately equivalent to 0.05 g emitted vibrations) ! & Table 4-9 provides the error rates for the Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives. % # 1 Error ))!) 4 : Rates " / ) ! ))!) Retry recovered read errors1 1 event per 109 bits read Unrecovered data errors2 1 event per 1014 bits read Seek errors3 1 error per 106 seeks 1.
' $" $ ! $!" This chapter describes the operation of Maxtor D540X-4K AT hard disk drives’ functional subsystems. It is intended as a guide to the operation of the drive, rather than a detailed theory of operation. ! : ; & $ This section describes the drive mechanism. Section 5.2 describes the drive electronics. The Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives consist of a mechanical assembly and a PCB as shown in Figure 5-1.
Basic Principles of Operation $ 5-2 Maxtor D540X-4K AT Hard Disk Drive Exploded View Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.
Basic Principles of Operation ! ! 1 1 -.' 11 ,3)+ A single-piece, e-coated, aluminum-alloy base casting provides a mounting surface for the drive mechanism and PCB. The base casting also acts as the flange for the DC motor assembly. To provide a contamination-free environment for the HDA, a gasket provides a seal between the base casting, and the metal cover that encloses the drive mechanism.
Basic Principles of Operation ! ! 01 /9 11 ,3)+ The headstack assembly consists of read/write heads, head arms, and a coil joined together by insertion molding to form a rotor subassembly, bearings, and a flex circuit. Read/write heads mounted to spring-steel flexures are swage mounted onto the rotary positioner assembly arms. The flex circuit connects the headstack assembly to the PCB through a compression connector. The flex circuit contains a read preamplifier/write driver IC.
Basic Principles of Operation ! !? - -) -*. The Maxtor D540X-4K AT hard disk drives are Winchester-type drives. The heads fly very close to the media surface. Therefore, it is essential that the air circulating within the drive be kept free of particles. Maxtor assembles the drive in a Class-100 purified air environment, then seals the drive with a metal cover. When the drive is in use, the rotation of the disks forces the air inside of the drive through an internal 0.3 micron filter.
Basic Principles of Operation The integrated µProcessor, Disk Controller, and ATA Interface Electronics have nine functional modules (described below): • µProcessor • Digital Synchronous Spoke (DSS) • Error Correction Code (ECC) Control • Formatter • Buffer Controller • Servo Controller, including PWM • Serial Interface • ATA Interface Controller • Motor Controller ! ! C */ 11* The µProcessor core provides local processor services to the drive electronics under program control.
Basic Principles of Operation ! ! (88 *. *)) The Buffer Controller supports a 1.75 MB buffer. The 16-bit width implementation provides a 60 MB/s maximum buffer bandwidth. This increased bandwidth allows the µProcessor to have direct access to the buffer, eliminating the need for a separate µProcessor RAM IC. The Buffer Controller supports both drive and host address rollover and reloading, to allow for buffer segmentation.
Basic Principles of Operation • Flash A/D Converter • Viterbi Detector • ENDEC • Servo Processor • Clock Synthesizer • PLL • Serial Interface • TA Detection and Correction ! ! ; *, .1 * The pre-compensator introduces pre-compensation to the write data received from the sequencer module in the DCIIA. The pre-compensated data is then passed to the R/W Pre-Amplifier and written to the disk. Pre-compensation reduces the write interference from adjacent write bit. ! ! $ - 3) -.
Basic Principles of Operation ! ! - ) . 8 / High speed interface for digital control of all internal blocks. ! ! / -*. .0 * / -*. Detects thermal asperities’ defective sectors and enables thermal asperity recoveries. ! ! , )-8- .0 % - -7 The PreAmplifier and Write Driver provides write driver and read pre-amplifier functions, and R/W head selection. The write driver receives precompensated write data from the PreCompensator module in the Read/Write ASIC.
Basic Principles of Operation Since typically 50 percent or more of all disk requests are sequential, there is a high probability that subsequent data requested will be in the cache. This cached data can be retrieved in microseconds rather than milliseconds. As a result, DisCache can provide substantial time savings during at least half of all disk requests.
Basic Principles of Operation $-#- -# = / In a drive without DisCache, there is a delay during sequential reads because of the rotational latency, even if the disk actuator already is positioned at the desired cylinder. DisCache eliminates this rotational latency time (7.14 ms on average) when requested data resides in the cache. Moreover, the disk must often service requests from multiple processes in a multitasking or multiuser environment.
Basic Principles of Operation $-#- - @ > > 7 & In the ID-less environment, the drive’s track and cylinder skewing will be based in unit of wedges instead of the traditional sectors. The integrated µprocessor, disk controller and ATA interface contains a “Wedge Skew Register” to assist in the task of skewing, where the skew offset must now be calculated with every read/write operation. The firmware will program the skew offset into this register every time the drive goes to a new track.
Basic Principles of Operation ! ! * / -*. .0 * / -*. As disk drive areal densities increase, obtaining extremely low error rates requires a new generation of sophisticated error correction codes. Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drive series implement 288-bit quadruple-burst Reed-Solomon error correction techniques to reduce the uncorrectable read block error rate to less than one bit in 1 x 1014 bits read.
Basic Principles of Operation $-#- - & = The Maxtor D540X-4K drives use two techniques for replacing defective sectors inline replacement and offline replacement. During manufacturing, if a sector on a cylinder is found to be defective, the address of the sector is added to the drive's defect list. The defective sector is “skipped,” and is replaced by the next immediate sector, which maintains a sequential ordering of logical blocks.
This chapter describes the interface between Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT hard disk drives and the ATA bus. The commands that are issued from the host to control the drive are listed, as well as the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the interface. ! Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT hard disk drives use the standard ATA/ATAPI-6 interface. Support of various options in the standard are explained in the following sections.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands ! The Maxtor D540X-4K hard disk drives allow their host systems to address the full set of command and control registers as specified in ATA/ATAPI-6 section 7. ! ! ! . ) ( The µProcessor, Disk Controller, and ATA Interface electronics are contained in a proprietary ASIC developed by Maxtor.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands ! ! () -<* 0 The drives support the Multiword DMA protocol. ! ! ) ( The drives support the Ultra DMA feature set for the following commands: • READ DMA • WRITE DMA ! ! *< . ' , . ( The drives support the following commands from the optional Power Management feature set: • CHECK POWER MODE • IDLE • IDLE IMMEDIATE • SLEEP • STANDBY • STANDBY IMMEDIATE Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands ! ! /( - + *0 ( The drives support the following commands from the optional Security Mode feature set: • SECURITY SET PASSWORD • SECURITY UNLOCK • SECURITY ERASE PREPARE • SECURITY ERASE UNIT • SECURITY FREEZE LOCK • SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD ! ! )8;,*.- * -.'= . )+1-1= .0 * -.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands ! !A # $ .8* , -*. 3) ; Identify Device Parameters %* 0 - 1 1/ - -*.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands 49 15-14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7-0 50 15 14 13-2 1 0 51-52 Capabilities Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command. Standby timer values are supported Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command. IORDY supported IORDY may be disabled LBA supported DMA supported. Retired Capabilities Shall be cleared to zero. Shall be set to one. Reserved. Obsolete Shall be set to one to indicate a device specific Standby timer value minimum.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands 80 Major version number 003Eh 81 Minor version number 0015h 82 Command set supported 346Bh 83 Command set supported 5B01h 84 Command set/feature supported extension 4003h 85 Command set/feature enabled 3468h 86 Command set/feature enabled 1A01h 87 Command set/feature default 4003h 88 Ultra DMA mode 003Fh 89 Time required for security erase unit completion Variable 90 Time required for Enhanced security erase completion 0000h 91 Current ad
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands determined from the information returned from the IDENTIFY DEVICE command. Where the entry is none, the default setting must be determined by other analytical means or by asking a trusted human source. The last column shows the default setting (enabled or disabled) for each supported feature. 3) ; Supported Features . 3) -1 3) ( .
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands 3) ; READ DEFECT LIST LENGTH Command Bytes $ Sector Count Sector Number Cylinder Low Cylinder High Device/ Head 4 8* 5 $ 4 8 5 0 Defect List Subcode FFh Password FFh Password Length in Sectors (LSB) Length in Sectors (MSB) FFh 3Fh Password 3Fh Drive Select — Extended Command Code AXh = Drive 0 BXh = Drive 1 Status Register AXh (Drive 0) BXh (Drive 1) Command F0h " Registers 1F2h through 1F5h must contain
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands 3) ; READ DEFECT LIST Command Bytes Sector Count Sector Number Cylinder Low Cylinder High Device/ Head Command $ Variable FFh Length in Sectors (LSB) Length in Sectors (MSB) Password 3Fh Password AXh = Drive 0 BXh = Drive 1 F0h Drive Select — Extended Command Code Variable " Registers 1F2h and 1F3h must contain the transfer length that is appropriate for the specific product, and 1F4h and 1F5h must contain the exact values show
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands 3) ; DEFECT LIST DATA FORMAT # 0 1 2 0 1Dh 8* (Number of Defects) (MSB) 8* (Number of Defects) (LSB) Defect Entry #1 Defect Entry #2 • • 3 4–11 12–19 3) ; DEFECT ENTRY DATA FORMAT # 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Defect cylinder (MSB) Defect cylinder Defect cylinder (LSB) Defect head Defect sector (MSB) Defect sector Defect sector Defect sector (LSB) " Bytes 4 – 7 will be set to FFh for bad track entries.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands *-$- - ) & !" . ) !" The READ CONFIGURATION command displays the configuration of the drive. Like the SET CONFIGURATION command, this command is secured to prevent accidentally accessing it. To access the READ CONFIGURATION command, you must write the pattern shown in Table 6-7 to the Command Block Registers. The first byte, 01h, is a subcode to the extended command code, F0h.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands *-$- - !" . ) !" The SET CONFIGURATION command is secured to prevent accessing it accidentally. To access the SET CONFIGURATION command, you must write the pattern shown in Table 6-8 to the Command Block Registers. The first byte, FFh, is a subcode to the extended command code F0h.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands " In Table 6-9: Registers 1F2h through 1F5h must contain the exact values shown above. These values function as a key. The drive responds by setting the ABRT bit in the Error register if the key is not entered correctly. To select the drive being reconfigured, set register 1F6h. For execution of the command to begin, load register 1F7h with F0h. Configuration Command Data Field A 512-byte data field is associated with this command.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands CE – Cache Enable (Byte 32, Bit 0): When set to 1, this bit indicates that the drive will activate caching on all READ commands. With the CE bit set to 0, the drive will disable caching and use the RAM only as a transfer buffer. The default setting is 1. Error Recovery Parameters AWRE – Automatic Write Reallocation Enabled (Byte 36, Bit 7): When set to 1, indicates that the drive will enable automatic reallocation of bad blocks.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Drive Parameters WCE – Write Cache Enable (Byte 39, Bit 2): When this bit is set to1, the Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.0 GB AT hard disk drives enable the Write Cache. This indicates that the drive returns GOOD status for a write command after successfully receiving the data, but before writing it to the disk. A value of zero indicates that the drive returns GOOD status for a write command after successfully receiving the data and writing it to the disk.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Cylinder High na Device/Head obs na obs DEV na Status BSY DRDY DF na DRQ na na ERR PREREQUISITES - DRDY set equal to one. SMART enabled. DESCRIPTION - This command returns the device’s attribute thresholds to the host.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands 3) ; Individual Threshold Data Structure 1/ - -*.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Status flag • Bit 0 -Pre-failure/advisory - If the value of this bit equals zero, an attribute value less than or equal to its corresponding attribute threshold indicates an advisory condition where the usage or age of the device has exceeded its intended design life period. If the value of this bit equals one, an attribute value less than or equal to its corresponding attribute threshold indicates a pre-failure condition where imminent loss of data is being predicted.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands '-1 ? Cylinder High Device/Head : C2h 1 1 D Command B0h NORMAL OUTPUTS - If the device has not detected a threshold exceeded condition, the device sets the Cylinder Low register to 4Fh and the Cylinder High register to C2h. If the device has detected a threshold exceeded condition, the device sets the Cylinder Low register to F4h and the Cylinder High register to 2Ch.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands '-1 ? Features : D3h Sector Count Sector Number Cylinder Low 4Fh Cylinder High C2h Device/Head 1 1 D Command B0h NORMAL OUTPUTS - None ERROR OUTPUTS - If the device does not support this command, if SMART is disabled or if the values in the Features, Cylinder Low or Cylinder High registers are invalid, an Aborted command error is posted.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands ! ! 7-/ *.8-'( -*. 7 ) + ( The drives support the following commands from the optional Device Configuration Overlay feature set: • DEVICE CONFIGURATION FREEZE LOCK • DEVICE CONFIGURATION IDENTIFY • DEVICE CONFIGURATION RESTORE • DEVICE CONFIGURATION SET 6-22 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.
"( A ACCESS – (v) Read, write, or update information on some storage medium, such as a disk. (n) One of these operations. ACCESS TIME – The interval between the time a request for data is made by the system and the time the data is available from the drive. Access time includes the actual seek time, rotational latency, and command processing overhead time. See also seek, rotational latency, and overhead. ACTUATOR – Also known as the positioner.
Glossary BPI – Abbreviation for bits per inch. A measure of how densely information is packed on a storage medium. Flux changes per inch is also a term commonly used in describing storage density on a magnetic surface. BUFFER – An area of RAM reserved for temporary storage of data that is waiting to be sent to a device that is not yet ready to receive it. The data is usually on its way to or from the disk drive or some other peripheral device.
Glossary passes information to and from the disk. The Maxtor disk drives all have controllers embedded on the drive printed-circuit board. DISKWARE – The program instructions and data stored on the disk for use by a processor. DMA – Acronym for direct memory access. A process by which data moves directly between a disk drive (or other device) and system memory without passing through the CPU, thus allowing the system to continue processing other tasks while the new data is being retrieved.
Glossary the sides of a disk drive mounted in an IBM AT and compatible computers so that the drive easily slides into place. H HALF HEIGHT – Term used to describe a drive that occupies half the vertical space of the original full size 5 1/4-inch drive. 1.625 inches high. HARD DISK – A type of storage medium that retains data as magnetic patterns on a rigid disk, usually made of an iron oxide or alloy over a magnesium or aluminum platter.
Glossary M L LANDING ZONE – A position inside the disk’s inner cylinder in a non data area reserved as a place to rest the heads during the time that power is off. Using this area prevents the heads from touching the surface in data areas upon power down, adding to the data integrity and reliability of the disk drive. LATENCY – The period of time during which the read/write heads are waiting for the data to rotate into position so that it can be accessed.
Glossary MTTR – Mean Time To Repair. The average time it takes to repair a drive that has failed for some reason. This only takes into consideration the changing of the major sub-assemblies such as circuit board or sealed housing. Component level repair is not included in this number as this type of repair is not performed in the field. O OVERHEAD – The processing time of a command by the controller, host adapter or drive prior to any actual disk accesses taking place.
Glossary REMOVABLE DISK – Generally said of disk drives where the disk itself is meant to be removed, and in particular of hard disks using disks mounted in cartridges. Their advantage is that multiple disks can be used to increase the amount of stored material, and that once removed, the disk can be stored away to prevent unauthorized use. header, which cannot be overwritten. RLL – Run Length Limited. A method used on some hard disks to encode data into magnetic pulses.
Glossary platter is made of beneath the magnetic coating. Hard disks are generally made of aluminum or magnesium alloy (or glass, for optical disks) while the substrate of floppies is usually mylar. SURFACE – The top or bottom side of the platter which is coated with the magnetic material for recording data. On some drives one surface may be reserved for positioning information. T THIN FILM – A type of coating, used for disk surfaces. Thin film surfaces allow more bits to be stored per disk.
#!) actuator lock 5-5 adapter board 2-4, 3-13 Adaptive Caching 5-10 Adaptive segmentation 5-10 air filtration 5-6 AIRLOCK® 5-5 ARR (automatic read reallocation) 6-14 AWRE (automatic write reallocation enabled) 6-14 base casting 5-3 block diagram 5-6 Buffer Controller 5-8 Cable Select 3-6 cable select (CS) jumper 3-5 CE (cache enable) 6-14 clean room 5-1 clearance 3-11 command descriptions 6-2 Configuration 6-10 configuration command data field 6-13 connector, IDE 3-12 cooling fan requirements 3-11 cr
Index IDE 2-4, 3-8 IDE interface controller 5-8 IDE-bus interface 6-1 IDE-bus interface connector 3-12 Idle 4-7 input power connections 3-12 interface, IDE-bus 6-1 6 jumper configurations 3-5 jumper locations 3-4 jumper options 3-5 landing zone 5-5 logical cylinders 3-18 logical heads 3-18 logical sectors/track 3-18 low 4-4 low-level format 4-4 2 R/W head matrix 5-10 RC (read continuous) 6-14 read configuration 6-11 read defect list 6-8 read preamplifier 5-5 read/write ASIC 5-10 Reset Limits
Index SHOCK 4-10 Slave Present 3-6 slave present (SP) jumper 3-6 Specifications 4-10 sputtered thin-film coating 5-3 supply voltages 4-5 tampering with the HDA 5-1 temperature 4-5 theory of operation 5-1 timebase generator 5-9 UNIX 4-4 $ ventilation 3-11 ventilation requirements 3-9 vibration 4-5 % warranty (void) 5-1 WCE (write cache enable) 6-15 write driver 5-5, 5-10 Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.
Index Maxtor D540X-4K 20.4/40.0/60.0/80.
