MaxLine Plus II 250GB AT Product Manual October 30, 2003 Part Number: 1905
© October 30, 2003 Maxtor Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein – which will be incorporated in revised editions of the publication. Maxtor may make changes or improvements in the product(s) described in this publication at any time and without notice. UL/CSA/VDE/TUV UL standard 1954 recognition granted under File No. E78016 CSA standard C22.
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Before You Begin Thank you for your interest in Maxtor hard disk drives. This manual provides technical information for OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the installation and use of Maxtor hard drives. Drive repair should be performed only at an authorized repair center. For repair information, contact the Maxtor Product Support Center at 1-800-2MAXTOR. CAUTION: Maxtor hard drives are precision products.
Table of Content Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 AUDIENCE ................................................................................................................... 1-1 MANUAL ORGANIZATION ...................................................................................... 1-1 TERMINOLOGY AND CONVENTIONS ................................................................... 1-2 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................
Table of Contents 3.8.1 Adapter Board Installation ................................................................................. 3-20 3.9 TECHNIQUES IN DRIVE CONFIGURATION........................................................ 3-23 3.9.1 The 528-Megabytes Barrier ............................................................................... 3-23 3.9.2 The 8.4-Gigabytes Barrier .................................................................................. 3-23 3.9.3 Operating system limitations ..
Table of Contents Appendix A BREAKING THE 137 GIGABYTE STORAGE BARRIER A.1 Breaking the 137 Gigabyte Storage Barrier.................................................................. A-1 A.1.1 History .................................................................................................................A-1 A.1.2 Solving the 137 Gigabyte Capacity Barrier .........................................................A-3 A.1.3 How is the Extension Implemented? ............................................
List of Figures Figure 3-1 Figure 3-2 Figure 3-3 Figure 3-4 Figure 3-5 Figure 3-6 Figure 3-7 Figure 3-8 Figure 3-9 Mechanical Dimensions of Maxtor DiamondMax Plus9 Hard Disk Drive .... 3-1 Single-Pack Shipping Container ................................................................... 3-3 20-Pack Shipping Container ......................................................................... 3-4 Jumper Locations on the ATA Interface Connector ......................................
List of Tables Table 3-1 Table 3-2 Table 3-3 Table 3-4 Table 3-5 Table 5-1 Table 5-2 AT Jumper Options .................................................................................................. 3-6 J1 Power Connector, Section A ............................................................................. 3-11 J1 Power Connector, Section A ............................................................................. 3-14 Device plug connector pin definition .........................................
Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter gives an overview of the contents of this manual, including the intended audience, how the manual is organized, terminology and conventions, and references. 1.1 AUDIENCE The MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT Product Manual is intended for several audiences. These audiences include: the end user, installer, developer, consumer electronics and personal computer original equipment manufacturer (CE/PC OEM), and distributor.
Introduction 1.3 TERMINOLOGY AND CONVENTIONS In the Glossary at the back of this manual, you can find definitions for many of the terms used in this manual.
Introduction The typographical and naming conventions used in this manual are listed below. Conventions that are unique to a specific table appear in the notes that follow that table. Typographical Conventions: • Names of Bits: Bit names are presented in initial capitals. An example is the Host Software Reset bit. • Commands: Interface commands are listed in all capitals. An example is WRITE LONG. • Register Names: Registers are given in this manual with initial capitals.
Chapter 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION This chapter summarizes the general functions and key features of the MaxLine Plus II 250GB hard disk drive, as well as the applicable standards and regulations. 2.1 PRODUCT OVERVIEW Maxtor’s MaxLine Plus II 250GB hard disk drive is part of a family of high performance, 1-inch-high hard disk drives manufactured to meet the highest product quality standards. These hard disk drives use nonremovable, 3 1/2-inch hard disks and are available with the ATA interface.
General Description Performance • Average seek time of <9.0 ms • Average rotational latency of 4.17 ms • New Ultra ATA interface with Maxtor-patented Ultra ATA/133 protocol supporting burst data transfer rates of 133MB/s • Serial ATA interface with transfer speeds up to 150MB per second • 8MB Cache buffer with 1.
General Description Versatility • Power saving modes • Downloadable firmware • Cable select feature • Ability to daisy-chain two drives on the interface 2.3 REGULATORY COMPLIANCE STANDARDS Maxtor Corporation’s disk drive products meet all domestic and international product safety regulatory compliance requirements. Maxtor’s disk drive products conform to the following specifically marked Product Safety Standards: • Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard 1950.
Chapter 3 INSTALLATION This chapter explains how to unpack, configure, mount, and connect the Maxtor MaXLine Plus II 250 GB AT hard disk drive prior to operation. It also explains how to start up and operate the drive. 3.1 SPACE REQUIREMENTS The MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT hard disk drives are shipped without a faceplate. 25 ±0.7 mm 147 mm (max) (5.75 inches) 101.6 ±0.25 mm (4.00 inches) Figure 3-1 shows the external dimensions of the MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT drives.
Installation Figure 3-1 Mechanical Dimensions of MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT Hard Disk Drive 3.2 UNPACKING INSTRUCTIONS CAUTION: The maximum limits for physical shock can be exceeded if the drive is not handled properly. Special care should be taken not to bump or drop the drive. It is highly recommended that MaXLine Plus II 250GB at drives are not stacked or placed on any hard surface after they are unpacked. Such handling could cause media damage. 1.
Installation Figure 3-2 shows the packing assembly for a single Maxtor MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT hard disk drive. A 20-pack shipping container is available for multiple drive shipments.
Installation Figure 3-3 20-Pack Shipping Container 3-4 Maxtor MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT
Installation 3.3 HARDWARE OPTIONS 3.3.1 ATA Interface Connector The configuration of a MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT hard disk drive depends on the host system in which it is to be installed. This section describes the hardware options that you must take into account prior to installation.
Installation The configuration of the following three jumpers controls the drive’s five modes of operation: • CS – Cable Select • DS – Drive Select • CLJ– Cylinder Limitation Jumper The AT PCB has two jumper locations provided to configure the drive in a system. The default configuration for the drive as shipped from the factory is with a jumper across the CS location, and open positions in the DS and CLJ positions.
Installation Once you install the CS jumper, the drive is configured as a Master or Slave by the state of the Cable Select signal: pin 28 of the ATA bus connector. Please note that pin 28 is a vendor-specific pin that Maxtor is using for a specific purpose. More than one function is allocated to CS, according to the ATA CAM specification (see reference to this specification in Chapter 1). If pin 28 is a 0 (grounded), the drive is configured as a Master.
Installation 3.3.1.4 Cylinder Limitation Jumper (CLJ) For user capacities below 66,055,248 sectors (32GB), inserting the CLJ jumper limits the Number of Cylinders field 1 to a value of 16,383, as reported in IDENTIFY DEVICE data word. This allows software drivers to determine that the actual capacity is larger than indicated by the maximum CHS, requiring LBA addressing to use the full capacity.
Installation 3.3.2 ATA BUS ADAPTER There are two ways you can configure a system to allow the MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT hard disk drives to communicate over the ATA bus of an IBM or IBMcompatible PC: 1. Connect the drive to a 40-pin ATA bus connector (if available) on the motherboard of the PC. 2. Install an IDE-compatible adapter board in the PC, and connect the drive to the adapter board. This board is available at Maxtor (p/n: K01PCAT133. 3.3.2.
Installation Center Key Slot Pin 1 J1 IDE (40-Pin)/DC (4-Pin) Combination Connector 40-Pin IDE (J1 Section C) Pin 1 4-Pin DC Power (J1 Section A) 4 3 2 1 Figure 3-6 J1 DC Power and ATA Bus Combination Connector 3-10 Maxtor MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT
Installation 3.4.1 DC Power (J1, Section A) The recommended mating connectors for the +5 VDC and +12 VDC input power are listed in Table 3-2.
Installation 3.4.4 SATA (Serial ATA) Interface Connector The MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT hard disk drives also offer an optional Serial ATA interface. SATA has no user changeable configuration jumpers. All configurations are controlled in the SATA interface by the host. Figure 3-7 The SATA Interface Connector 3.4.5 SATA BUS ADAPTER There are two ways you can configure a system to allow the MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT hard disk drives to communicate over the SATA bus of an IBM or IBMcompatible PC: 1.
Installation 3.4.5.1 SATA Bus Connector Some PC motherboards have a built in SATA bus connector. These SATA bus connectors are compatible with Maxtor MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT hard disk drives. If the motherboard has a SATA connector, simply connect a 7 pin SATA cable between the drive and the motherboard. 3.4.5.
Installation There are total of 7 pins in the signal segment and 15 pins in the power segment. The pin definitions are shown in Table 3-3. Note that the pin is numbered from the pin furthest from the power segment.
Installation The following points should be noted: All pins are in a single row, with a 1.27 mm (.050”) pitch. • The comments on the mating sequence in Table 3-3 apply to the case of backplane blindmate connector only. In this case, the mating sequences are: (1) the ground pins P4 and P12; (2) the pre-charge power pins and the other ground pins; and (3) the signal pins and the rest of the power pins. • There are three power pins for each voltage.
Installation 6.35 ±0.25 101.60 ±0.25 147.0 Max. 44.45 ±0.25 41.60 ±0.25 28.50 ±0.50 41.28 ±0.50 3.18 ±0.25 26.10 Max. 101.60 ±0.25 95.25 ±0.
Installation 5.0 mm Maximum (0.198 Inches) 6.35 mm Maximum (0.25 Inches) Drive Mounting Screw PrintedCircuit Board PrintedCircuit Board Head/Disk Assembly Figure 3-10 Mounting Screw Clearance for the Maxtor Hard Disk Drives CAUTION: The PCB is very close to the mounting holes. Do not exceed the specified length for the mounting screws. The specified screw length allows full use of the mounting hole threads, while avoiding damaging or placing unwanted stress on the PCB.
Installation 3.6.2 Clearance Clearance from the drive to any other surface (except mounting surfaces) must be a minimum of 1.25 mm (0.05 inches). 3.6.3 Ventilation The MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT hard disk drives operate without a cooling fan, provided the ambient air temperature does not exceed 131×F (55×C) at any point along the drive form factor envelope.
Installation To connect the drive to the board: 1. Insert the 40-pin cable/SATA connector into the mating connector of the adapter board. Make sure that pin 1 of the connector matches with pin 1 on the cable. 2. Insert the other end of the cable into the header on the drive. When inserting this end of the cable, make sure that pin 1 of the cable connects to pin 1 of the drive connector. 3. Secure the drive to the system chassis by using the mounting screws, as shown in Figure 3-12.
Installation Mounting Screws ATA-Bus Interface Cable Mounting Bracket Figure 3-12 Completing the Drive Installation 3-20 Maxtor MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT
Installation 3.8 TECHNIQUES IN DRIVE CONFIGURATION 3.8.1 The 528-Megabytes Barrier Older BIOS that only support Int 13 commands for accessing ATA drives through DOS based operating systems will be limited to use only 1024 cylinders. This will reduce the effective capacity of the drive to 528Mbytes. Whenever possible the MaXLine Plus II 250GB AT drive should be used on systems that support LBA translation to ensure the use of the entire capacity of the disk drive.
Installation 3.8.3 Operating system limitations Most popular operating systems available today have additional limitations which affect the use of large capacity drives. However, these limitations can not be corrected on the BIOS and it is up to the operating system manufacturers to release improved versions to address these problems. DOS and Windows 95 use a File Allocation Table (FAT) size of 16 bits which will only support partitions up to 2.1 GB.
Installation Table 3-4 Logical Addressing Format MODELS INTERFACE CYL HD SPT MAX LBA CAPACITY 7Y250M0 SATA 150 8 MB Buffer 486,344 16 63 490,234,752 250GB 7Y250P0 PATA/133 8 MB Buffer 486,344 16 63 490,234,752 250GB Note: *Capacity may be restricted to 8.4GB (or less) due to system BIOS limitations. Check with your system manufacturer to determine if your BIOS supports LBA Mode for hard drives greater than 8.4GB.
Chapter 4 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS 4.1 Models and Capacities MODELS Formatted Capacity (GB LBA Mode) 7Y250PO/7Y250MO 250GB GB means 1 billion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. 4.
Product Specifications Performance Specifications Seek Times (typical read, ms) Track-to-Track 0.8 Average (normal seek) ≤9.0 Full Stroke (normal seek) ≤17.0 Average Latency (ms) 4.17 Controller Overhead (ms) < 0.3 Rotation Speed (RPM ±0.1%) 7200 Data Transfer Speed (MByte/sec max) To/From Interface (Maxtor Ultra ATA/133, up to) 133 To/From Interface (SATA with 8 MB Buffer) 150 To/From Media (ID/OD up to nn.n, where nn.
Product Specifications 4.4 Power Requirements MODE 12V (MA) 5V (MA) POWER (W) 1566.2 841.6 23.2 Seek 666.4 931.3 12.6 Read/Write 556.4 665.1 9.5 Idle 456.3 670.8 8.8 Standby 37.2 119.7 1.0 Sleep 37.2 118.1 1.0 Spin-up (peak) 4.5 Power Mode Definitions Spin-up The drive is spinning up following initial application of power and has not yet reached full speed. Seek A random access operation by the drive. Read/Write Data is being read from or written to the drive.
Product Specifications 4.7 Environmental Limits PARAMETER NON-OPERATING/ STORAGE OPERATING 5° C to 55° C (with no ARR impact) 0° C to 60° C (Margin Demonstrated1) Temperature low temperature (-40° C) high temperature (71° C) per MIL-STD-810E, method 501.3, climatic category; hot-induced conditions.
Product Specifications 4.8 Shock and Vibration PARAMETER OPERATING NON-OPERATING Mechanical Shock R=0.988/shock at 60 Gs; R= 0.999/shock at 30 Gs 2 msec, 1/2 sine R=0.90@>= 300G, 1 disk R=0.95@>= 250G, 1 disk R=0.99@>= 200G, 1 disk Rotational Shock R=0.988 @ 2000 rad/sec2 R=0.95 @ 20K rad/sec2, 0.5ms to 1ms input R=0.99 @ 15K rad/sec2, 0.5ms to 1ms input Rotational Random Vibration 5 - 2000 Hz 3.60 rad/sec2 RMS Overall 2 - 300 Hz 96.5 rad/sec2 RMS Random Vibration 5 - 2000 Hz 0.
Product Specifications 4.9 Reliability Specifications Annualized Return Rate <1.0% Annualized Return Rate (ARR) indicates the average against products shipped. ARR includes all reasons for returns (failures, handling, damage, NDF) but does not include inventory credit returns. Start/Stop Cycles >50,000 This indicates the average minimum cycles for reliable start/stop function. R=0.9998@ >4500, R=0.9995 @ >7500, R=0.5 @ >= 50000 Data Reliability <1 per 10e15 bits read Data errors (non-recoverable).
Product Specifications limites applicables aux appareils numeriques de Class B prescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte pa le ministere des communications du Canada. 4.11 Safety Regulatory Compliance All Maxtor hard drives comply with relevant product safety standards such as CE, CUL, TUV and UL rules and regulations. As delivered, Maxtor hard drives are designed for system integration before they are used.
Chapter 5 ATA BUS INTERFACE AND ATA COMMANDS This chapter describes the interface between the MaxLine Plus II 250GB AT hard disk drive and the ATA bus. The commands that are issued from the host to control the drive are listed, as well as the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the interface. 5.1 INTRODUCTION MaxLine Plus II 250GB AT hard disk drive use the standard ATA/ATAPI interface. Support of various options in the standard are explained in the following sections. 5.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands overall system. 5.4 REGISTER ADDRESS DECODING The MaxLine Plus II 250GB AT hard disk drives allow their host systems to address the full set of command and control registers as specified in clause 7 of the ATA/ ATAPI-6 standard. 5.5 COMMAND INTERFACE 5.5.1 General Feature Set The µProcessor, Disk Controller, and ATA Interface electronics are contained in a proprietary ASIC developed by Maxtor. 5.5.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Table 5-1 Supported Commands Command Code Command Feature Register Value(s) NOP 00h READ BUFFER E4h READ DMA C8h, C9h READ MULTIPLE C4h READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS F8h READ SECTOR(S) 20h, 21h READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) 40h, 41h SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD F6h SECURITY ERASE PREPARE F3h SECURITY ERASE UNIT F4h SECURITY FREEZE LOCK F5H SECURITY SET PASSWORD F1h SECURITY UNLOCK F2h SEEK 70h SET FEATURES EFh Note 1 SET MAX ADDRESS F9h 00h SET MAX SET
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Table 5-1 Supported Commands Command Command Code Feature Register Value(s) SMART EXECUTE OFF-LINE IMMEDIATE B0h D4h SMART READ DATA B0h D0h SMART READ LOG B0h D5h SMART RETURN STATUS B0h DAh SMART SAVE ATTRIBUTE VALUES B0h D3h SMART WRITE LOG B0h D6h STANDBY 96h, E2h STANDBY IMMEDIATE 94h, E0h WRITE BUFFER E8h WRITE DMA CAh, CBh WRITE MULTIPLE C5h WRITE SECTOR(S) 30h, 31h Note: 1. As defined in the ATA/ATAPI-6 standard.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Identify Drive Command This command allows the host to receive parameter information from the drive. When the command is received, the drive: 1. Sets BSY 2. Stores the required parameter information in the sector buffer 3. Sets the DRQ bit 4. Generates an interrupt The host may then read the information out of the sector buffer. Parameter words in the buffer are shown in Table 5-2. Note: All reserved bits or words should be zeroes.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Table 5-2 Identify Drive Command Parameters Word 20-21 22 CONTENT DESCRIPTION Retired Reserved 23-26 Firmware revision (8 ASCII characters) 27-46 Model number (40 ASCII characters) 47 15-8: 80h 7-0: 00h = Reserved 01h-FFh: = Maximum number of sectors that shall be transferred per interrupt on READ/WRITE MULTIPLE commands 48 Reserved 49 Capabilities 15-14: Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Table 5-2 Identify Drive Command Parameters Word 53 CONTENT DESCRIPTION 15-3: Reserved 2: 1 = the fields reported in word 88 are valid. 0 = the fields reported in word 88 are not valid 1: 1 = the fields reported in words (70:64) are valid.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Table 5-2 Identify Drive Command Parameters Word 67 CONTENT DESCRIPTION Minimum PIO transfer cycle time without flow control 15-0: 68 Cycle time in nanoseconds Minimum PIO transfer cycle time with IORDY flow control 15-0: Cycle time in nanoseconds 69-70 Reserved (for future command overlap and queuing) 71-74 Reserved for IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Table 5-2 Identify Drive Command Parameters Word 81 CONTENT DESCRIPTION Minor version number 0000h or FFFFh = device does not report version. 0001h-FFFEh = see 6.16.41 of ATA/ATAPI-7 specification 82 Command set supported.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Table 5-2 Identify Drive Command Parameters Word 83 84 85 CONTENT DESCRIPTION 7: See Address Offset Reserved Area Boot, INCITS TR27:2001 6: 1 = SET FEATURES subcommand required to spinup after power-up 5: 1 = Power-Up In Standby feature set supported 4: 1 = Removable Media Status Notification feature set supported 3: 1 = Advanced Power Management feature set supported 2: 1 = CFA feature set supported 1: 1 = READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED supported 0: 1 = DOWNLOAD
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Table 5-2 Identify Drive Command Parameters Word 85 86 87 CONTENT DESCRIPTION 7: 1 = release interrupt enabled 6: 1 = look-ahead enabled 5: 1 = write cache enabled 4: Shall be cleared to zero to indicate that the PACKET Command feature set is not supported. 3: 1 = Power Management feature set enabled 2: 1 = Removable Media feature set enabled 1: 1 = Security Mode feature set enabled 0: 1 = SMART feature set enabled Command set/feature enabled.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Table 5-2 Identify Drive Command Parameters Word 87 88 CONTENT DESCRIPTION 6: 1 = WRITE DMA FUA EXT and WRITE MULTIPLE FUA EXT commands supported 5: General Purpose Logging feature set supported 4: 1 = Valid CONFIGURE STREAM command has been executed 3: 1 = Media Card Pass Through Command feature set enabled 2: 1 = Media serial number is valid 1: 1 = SMART self-test supported 0: 1 = SMART error logging supported 15: Reserved 14: 1 = Ultra DMA mode 6 is
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Table 5-2 Identify Drive Command Parameters Word 93 CONTENT DESCRIPTION Hardware reset result. The contents of bits (12:0) of this word shall change only during the execution of a hardware reset 15: Shall be cleared to zero. 14: Shall be set to one. 13: 1 = device detected CBLID- above ViH. 0 = device detected CBLID- below ViL 12-8: Device 1 hardware reset result. Device 0 shall clear these bits to zero. Device shall set these bits as follows: 12: Reserved.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Table 5-2 Identify Drive Command Parameters Word 94 CONTENT DESCRIPTION 15-8: Vendor’s recommended acoustic management value. 7-0: Current automatic acoustic management value 95 Stream Minimum Request Size 96 Stream Transfer Time - DMA 97 Stream Access Latency - DMA 98-99 100-103 Streaming Performance Granularity Maximum user LBA for 48-bit Address feature set.
ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Table 5-2 Identify Drive Command Parameters Word 128 CONTENT DESCRIPTION Security status 15-9: Reserved 8: Security level 0 = High, 1 = Maximum 7-6: Reserved 5: 1 = Enhanced security erase supported 4: 1 = Security count expired 3: 1 = Security frozen 2: 1 = Security locked 1: 1 = Security enabled 0: 1 = Security supported 129-159 Vendor specific 160-254 Reserved 255 Integrity word 15-8: Checksum 7-0: Signature Maxtor MaxLine Plus II 250GB AT 5
Chapter 6 SERVICE AND SUPPORT 6.1 Product Support/Technical Assistance/Customer Service For Product Service and Support Information please visit our site at: www.maxtor.com for warranty service or www.maxtorkb.com for technical support.
Appendix A BREAKING THE 137 GIGABYTE STORAGE BARRIER This appendix provides information about the 137GB storage barrier. It discusses the history, cause and the solution to overcome this barrier. A.1 Breaking the 137 Gigabyte Storage Barrier Capacity barriers have been a fact of the personal computer world since its beginnings in the early 1980’s. At least 10 different capacity barriers have occurred in the storage industry over the last 15 years.
Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier Past barriers often frustrated people trying to add a new hard disk to an older system when they discovered that not all of the designed capacity of the hard disk was accessible. This inability to access the entire drive is referred to as a “capacity barrier” and it has been seen and overcome many times in the computer and disk drive industry.
Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier A.1.2 Solving the 137 Gigabyte Capacity Barrier As described earlier, the issue causing the 137-gigabyte barrier is the 28-bit addressing method of the original ATA specification. A change to expand this method was required to provide more address bits for the interface, allowing significant growth for many years to come. A critical issue in expanding the addressing capability was maintaining compatibility with the existing installed base of products.
Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier leaving that space empty. The BIOS companies will also have to perform some work to recognize the increased capacity of the devices attached to the bus and allow the extended 48-bit commands to pass on to the devices. Boot partitions will also be an issue for the capacity of the drive if the BIOS does not recognize the 48-bit addressing scheme at or before the system boots the OS from the hard drive.
Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier 120 billion books – (more than all that man has written) • 9.4 zettabytes = Appendix C: 9,400,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes Resources • Maxtor “Big Drive” web site for resource information: http://www.maxtor.com/bigdrive • ATA/ATAPI-6: http://www.T13.
GLOSSARY A ACCESS – (v) Read, write, or update information on some storage medium, such as a disk. (n) One of these operations. ACCESS TIME – The interval between the time a request for data is made by the system and the time the data is available from the drive. Access time includes the actual seek time, rotational latency, and command processing overhead time. See also seek, rotational latency, and overhead. ACTUATOR – Also known as the positioner.
Glossary BYTE – The basic unit of computer memory, large enough to hold one character of alphanumeric data. Comprised of eight bits. See also bit. C CACHE – Random-access memory used as a buffer between the CPU and a hard disk. Information more likely to be read or changed is placed in the cache, where it can be accessed more quickly to speed up general data flow. CAPACITY – The amount of information that can be stored on a disk drive.
Glossary DMA – Acronym for direct memory access. A process by which data moves directly between a disk drive (or other device) and system memory without passing through the CPU, thus allowing the system to continue processing other tasks while the new data is being retrieved. DRIVE – Short form of disk drive. DRIVE GEOMETRY – The functional dimensions of a drive in terms of the number of heads, cylinders, and sectors per track. See also logical format. E ECC – Acronym for error correction code.
Glossary GUIDE RAILS – Plastic strips attached to the sides of a disk drive mounted in an IBM AT and compatible computers so that the drive easily slides into place. H HALF HEIGHT – Term used to describe a drive that occupies half the vertical space of the original full size 5 1/4-inch drive. 1.625 inches high. HARD DISK – A type of storage medium that retains data as magnetic patterns on a rigid disk, usually made of an iron oxide or alloy over a magnesium or aluminum platter.
Glossary K KILOBYTE (K) – A unit of measure consisting of 1,024 (210) bytes. L LANDING ZONE – A position inside the disk’s inner cylinder in a non data area reserved as a place to rest the heads during the time that power is off. Using this area prevents the heads from touching the surface in data areas upon power down, adding to the data integrity and reliability of the disk drive.
Glossary MTTR – Mean Time To Repair. The average time it takes to repair a drive that has failed for some reason. This only takes into consideration the changing of the major sub-assemblies such as circuit board or sealed housing. Component level repair is not included in this number as this type of repair is not performed in the field. O OVERHEAD – The processing time of a command by the controller, host adapter or drive prior to any actual disk accesses taking place.
Glossary REMOVABLE DISK – Generally said of disk drives where the disk itself is meant to be removed, and in particular of hard disks using disks mounted in cartridges. Their advantage is that multiple disks can be used to increase the amount of stored material, and that once removed, the disk can be stored away to prevent unauthorized use. RLL – Run Length Limited. A method used on some hard disks to encode data into magnetic pulses.
Glossary SUBSTRATE – The material the disk platter is made of beneath the magnetic coating. Hard disks are generally made of aluminum or magnesium alloy (or glass, for optical disks) while the substrate of floppies is usually mylar. SURFACE – The top or bottom side of the platter which is coated with the magnetic material for recording data. On some drives one surface may be reserved for positioning information. T THIN FILM – A type of coating, used for disk surfaces.
INDEX A J abbreviations 1-1 adapter board 2-4, 3-20 jumper configurations 3-6 jumper locations 3-5 jumper options 3-6 C Cable Select 3-7 cable select (CS) jumper 3-6 clearance 3-19 command descriptions 5-2 connector, IDE 3-11, 3-16 cooling fan requirements 3-19 D daisy-chain 2-3 daisy-chained 3-6 drive select (DS) jumper 3-7 F faceplate 3-1 floppy drive 3-20 H hardware options 3-5 I IDE 2-4, 3-9, 3-12 IDE-bus interface 5-1 IDE-bus interface connector 3-11, 3-16 input power connections 3-11, 3-14 int
