851 Titrando Manual 8.851.
Metrohm AG CH-9100 Herisau Switzerland Phone +41 71 353 85 85 Fax +41 71 353 89 01 info@metrohm.com www.metrohm.com 851 Titrando Manual 8.851.8004EN 04.
Teachware Metrohm AG CH-9100 Herisau teachware@metrohm.com This documentation is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Although all the information given in this documentation has been checked with great care, errors cannot be entirely excluded. Should you notice any mistakes please send us your comments using the address given above. Documentation in additional languages can be found on http://documents.metrohm.com.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Table of contents Table of contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Titrando system ............................................................. 1 1.2 Instrument description ......................................................... 2 1.3 Titration modes – Measuring modes – Dosing commands .................................................................................... 2 1.4 About the documentation ................................................... 3 1.4.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Table of contents 3.5.4 3.5.5 3.5.6 Coulometer cell with aspiration equipment (utilization with Dosino) .................................................................................. 30 Coulometer cell with Karl Fischer oven ................................... 31 Coulometer cell with sample changer .................................... 31 3.6 Connecting sensors ............................................................ 32 3.6.1 Connecting a generator electrode ...............
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Table of contents 8 Technical specifications 52 8.1 Measuring interface ........................................................... 52 8.1.1 Generator electrode .............................................................. 52 8.1.2 Indicator electrode ................................................................ 52 8.1.3 Temperature .......................................................................... 52 8.2 Power connection ..............................................
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Table of figures Table of figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 VI ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ The Titrando system .......................................................................... 1 Front 851 Titrando ............................................................................ 7 Rear 851 Titrando .....
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 1 Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 The Titrando system The Titrando is the heart of the modular Titrando system. Operation is carried out either by Touch Control with a touch-sensitive screen ("standalone titrator") or by a computer with a corresponding software. A Titrando system can contain numerous kinds of a variety of instruments. The following figure provides an overview of the peripheral devices you can connect to the 851 Titrando.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 1.2 Instrument description Up to three control instruments (Titrando, Dosing Interface, USB Sample Processor, etc.) can be controlled via USB connection during operation with the 900 Touch Control. You can request information on special applications in the "Application Bulletins" and "Application Notes", available free of charge through the responsible Metrohm representative. Various monographs on the subjects of titration techniques and electrodes are also available.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 1 Introduction ￭ ￭ ￭ 1.4 BRC Coulometric bromine index determination. Determining the amount of double bonds in mineral oils, for example.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 1.5 Safety instructions WARNING This symbol draws attention to a possible hazard due to electrical current. WARNING This symbol draws attention to a possible hazard due to heat or hot instrument parts. WARNING This symbol draws attention to a possible biological hazard. CAUTION This symbol draws attention to possible damage to instruments or instrument parts. NOTE This symbol highlights additional information and tips. 1.5 Safety instructions 1.5.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 1 Introduction WARNING Never open the housing of the instrument. The instrument could be damaged by this. There is also a risk of serious injury if live components are touched. There are no parts inside the housing which can be serviced or replaced by the user. Mains voltage WARNING An incorrect mains voltage can damage the instrument. Only operate this instrument with a mains voltage specified for it (see rear panel of the instrument).
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 1.5 Safety instructions 1.5.4 Flammable solvents and chemicals WARNING All relevant safety measures are to be observed when working with flammable solvents and chemicals. ￭ ￭ ￭ ￭ 1.5.5 Set up the instrument in a well-ventilated location (e.g. fume cupboard). Keep all sources of flame far from the workplace. Clean up spilled liquids and solids immediately. Follow the safety instructions of the chemical manufacturer.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 2 Overview of the instrument 2 Overview of the instrument 1 2 3 On Gen. 851 Titran do Figure 2 Front 851 Titrando 1 Bottle holder With holding clamps, for two reagent bottles. 3 "Gen." LED Lights up when the Titrando is ready for operation and the generator electrode is connected. 851 Titrando 2 "On" LED Lights up when the Titrando is ready for operation.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 1 6 2 3 7 4 8 5 Figure 3 9 Rear 851 Titrando 1 Type plate Contains specifications concerning supply voltage, instrument type and serial number. 2 USB connector (USB 1 and USB 2) USB ports (type A) for connecting printer, keyboard, barcode reader, additional Titrandos, USB Sample Processor, etc. 3 Connector (Controller) For connecting a Touch Control or a PC with installed PC software. Mini DIN, 9-pin. 4 MSB connector (MSB 1 to MSB 4) Metrohm Serial Bus.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3 Installation 3 Installation 3.1 Setting up the instrument 3.1.1 Packaging The instrument is supplied in highly protective special packaging together with the separately packed accessories. Keep this packaging, as only this ensures safe transportation of the instrument. 3.1.2 Checks Immediately after receipt, check whether the shipment has arrived complete and without damage by comparing it with the delivery note. 3.1.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.2 Connecting a controller 3.2.1.1 Connecting a Touch Control NOTE The plug is protected against accidental disconnection of the cable by means of a pull-out protection feature. If you wish to pull out the plug, you will first need to pull back the outer plug sleeve marked with arrows. Connect the Touch Control as follows: 1 ￭ Insert the plug of the Touch Control connection cable into the Controller socket.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3 Installation CAUTION The Touch Control must be shut down properly by deactivation with the power switch on the rear of the instrument before the power supply is interrupted. If this is not done, then there is a danger of data loss. Because of the fact that the power supply for the Touch Control is provided through the Titrando, you must never disconnect the Titrando from the power supply (e.g. by deactivating with a connector strip) before you have deactivated the Touch Control.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.2 Connecting a controller 6.2151.000 Figure 5 Connecting the computer The instrument is recognized. Depending on the version of the Windows operating system used, the driver installation proceeds differently afterwards. Either the necessary driver software is installed automatically or an installation wizard is started. 3 Follow the instructions of the installation wizard.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3 Installation 1 Setting up the instrument ￭ ￭ Start the PC software. The instrument is automatically recognized. The configuration dialog for the instrument is displayed. Make configuration settings for the instrument and its connectors. More detailed information concerning the configuration of the instrument can be found in the documentation for the respective PC software. 3.3 Connecting MSB devices In order to connect MSB devices, e.g.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.3 Connecting MSB devices NOTE When connecting MSB devices together, the following must be observed: ￭ ￭ Only one device of the same type can be used at a single MSB connector at one time. Type 700 Dosino and 685 Dosimat dosing devices cannot be connected together with other MSB instruments on a shared connector. These dosing devices must be connected separately. CAUTION Exit the control software before you plug in MSB instruments.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3 Installation Figure 7 3.3.2 Connecting a dosing device Connecting a stirrer or titration stand You can use the following instruments: ￭ ￭ With built-in magnetic stirrer (stirring "from below"): – 801 Stirrer – 803 Ti Stand Without built-in magnetic stirrer (stirring "from above"): – 804 Ti Stand with propeller stirrer 802 Stirrer Connect a stirrer or a titration stand as follows: 1 Connecting the stirrer or titration stand ￭ ￭ ￭ ￭ 851 Titrando Exit the control software.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.3 Connecting MSB devices 3.3.3 Figure 8 Connecting an MSB stirrer Figure 9 Connecting the propeller stirrer to the titration stand Connecting a Remote Box Instruments that are controlled via remote lines and/or that send control signals via remote lines can be connected via the 6.2148.010 Remote Box. In addition to Metrohm, other instrument manufacturers also use similar connectors that make it possible to connect different instruments together.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3 Installation ￭ ￭ Connect the Remote Box connection cable to one of the sockets marked with MSB on the rear of the control device. Start the control software. Figure 10 Connecting the Remote Box You can, for example, connect an 849 Level Control (fill level monitoring in a canister) or a 731 Relay Box (switch box for 230/110 volt alternating current sockets and low-voltage direct current outlets). The Remote Box also has an MSB socket at which a further MSB device, e.g.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.4 Connecting USB devices 3.4.2 Connecting a USB hub If you wish to connect more than two devices to the USB connector of the 851 Titrando, you can also use an additional commercially available USB hub (distributor). If you operate the 851 Titrando with the help of the Touch Control, then you should use a USB hub with its own power supply. Connect the USB hub as follows: 1 Switch off the Touch Control and/or exit the PC software. 2 With the aid of the 6.2151.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3 Installation Figure 11 3.4.4 Connecting a printer Connecting a balance ￭ ￭ Operation with a PC software: – Connect the balance directly to the serial connector (COM) of the computer. This is usually 9-pin and marked with the symbol IOIOI. Operation with Touch Control: – You will need the 6.2148.050 USB/RS-232 adapter to connect a balance.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.4 Connecting USB devices Balance Cable Mettler AE with interface option 011 or 012 6.2125.020 + 6.2125.010 Also from Mettler: ME 42500 hand switch or ME 46278 foot switch Ohaus Voyager, Explorer, Analytical Plus Cable AS017-09 from Ohaus Precisa balances with RS-232-C interface 6.2125.080 + 6.2125.010 Sartorius MP8, MC, LA, Genius, Cubis 6.2134.060 Shimadzu BX, BW 6.2125.080 + 6.2125.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3 Installation 2 Switch on the Touch Control. The keyboard is recognized automatically and entered in the device manager. 3 Configure the keyboard in the device manager of the Touch Control (see Touch Control manual). 3.4.6 Connecting a barcode reader The barcode reader is used as an aid for text and numerical input. You can connect a barcode reader with USB interface.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.4 Connecting USB devices 4 Program the barcode reader in such a way that the ASCII character 02 (STX or Ctrl B) is sent as the first character. This first character is normally referred to as the "Preamble" or "Prefix Code". 5 Program the barcode reader in such a way that the ASCII character 04 (EOT or Ctrl D) is sent as the last character. This last character is normally referred to as the "Postamble", "Record Suffix" or "Postfix Code". 6 Exit the programming mode.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3 Installation 3.5 Titration vessel for coulometric KF titration 3.5.1 Mounting the coulometer cell 2 6.2016.050 1 6.1464.320 6.2047.020 Figure 12 Mounting the coulometer cell Mount the coulometer cell as follows on a titration stand: 1 Fix the 6.2047.020 titration vessel holder to the 6.2016.050 support rod. 2 Insert the 6.1464.320 titration vessel from above into the titration vessel holder.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.5 Titration vessel for coulometric KF titration 3.5.2 Coulometer cell – Standard setup Filling the adsorber tube Before setting up the coulometer cell the 6.1403.030 adsorber tube has to be filled with 6.2811.000 molecular sieve. Proceed as follows: 4 6.1403.030 3 2 6.2811.000 1 Figure 13 Filling the adsorber tube 1 Insert a small cotton plug into the bottom of the adsorber tube. Do not pack the cotton too tightly. 2 Fill the molecular sieve up to ¾ of the height.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3 Installation Equipping the coulometer cell 3 6.1403.030 2 5 6.0341.100 6.2713.020 4 6.2713.000 6.1437.000 2 2 6.2701.040 6.1448.020 6.0345.100 6.0344.100 6.2713.010 6 6.1464.320 1 Figure 14 6.1903.030 Equipping the coulometer cell Equip the coulometer cell as follows: 1 Place the 6.1903.030 stirring bar in the coulometer cell. 2 Cut the 6.2713.
3.5 Titration vessel for coulometric KF titration ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 4 Insert the 6.0345.100 generator electrode without diaphragm or the 6.0344.100 generator electrode with diaphragm together with the adsorber tube into the large ground-joint opening at the rear. 5 Insert the 6.0341.100 indicator electrode into the left ground-joint opening. 6 Place the 6.1448.020 septum on the front opening of the coulometer cell and screw it shut with the 6.2701.040 screw cap.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3 Installation Screwing on the electrode cable Screw on the electrode cable as follows: 1 Unscrew the cover of the indicator electrode. 1 Figure 15 Unscrewing the cover from the indicator electrode 2 Unscrew the cover of the generator electrode. 1 Figure 16 Unscrewing the cover from the generator electrode 3 Tighten the 6.2104.020 electrode cable to the indicator electrode. 4 Tighten the 6.2104.120 electrode cable to the generator electrode.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.5 Titration vessel for coulometric KF titration 6.2104.020 3 6.2104.120 4 Figure 17 Screwing the electrode cable to the electrodes NOTE Mark the screw head of the electrode cable. This prevents you from mixing up the indicator and generator electrode.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.5.3 3 Installation Coulometer cell with addition and aspiration tube (utilization with Ti Stand) 6.1437.000 2 6.2713.000 1 5 6 6.1439.010 4 3 Figure 18 6.2713.000 Mounting the addition and aspiration tube Insert the addition and aspiration tube as follows into the coulometer cell: 1 Attach the 6.2713.000 ground-joint sleeve that has been cut to size to the ground joint of the 6.1437.000 stopper. 2 Insert the stopper into the 6.1439.010 addition and aspiration tube.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.5 Titration vessel for coulometric KF titration 6 Connect the tubing for the aspiration of the coulometer cell at the lower connector of the addition and aspiration tube (6). 3.5.4 Coulometer cell with aspiration equipment (utilization with Dosino) A Dosino allows the automatic replacement of reagents. For aspiration, the 6.5617.000 aspiration equipment is used, including a complete dosing unit and a 50 mL glass cylinder.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3 Installation 4 4 Place the stopper with the attached aspiration tip into the groundjoint opening with the ground-joint sleeve. Insert the aspiration tip into the coulometer cell until it touches the vessel base. 3.5.5 Coulometer cell with Karl Fischer oven When samples release their water only slowly or only at higher temperatures, the oven method is used. The sample is heated in a KF oven (e.g.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.6 Connecting sensors 3.6 Connecting sensors The measuring interface contains the following measuring inputs: ￭ ￭ ￭ 3.6.1 Gen. for a generator electrode Ind. for a double Pt electrode Temp. for a temperature sensor (Pt1000 or NTC) Connecting a generator electrode Connect the generator electrode as follows: 1 Plug the electrode plug into the Gen. socket of the 851 Titrando. Gen. Temp.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3 Installation Figure 20 Connecting an indicator electrode NOTE The electrode cable is protected against accidental disconnection of the cable by means of a pull-out protection. If you wish to pull out the plug again, you will first need to pull back the outer plug sleeve. 3.6.3 Connecting a temperature sensor A temperature sensor of the Pt1000 or NTC type can be connected to the Temp. connector.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 3.6 Connecting sensors NOTE Always insert the red plug into the red socket. This is the only way that shielding against electrical interference can be ensured.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 4 Coulometric titration 4 Coulometric titration 4.1 Principle of coulometry according to Karl Fischer The coulometric Karl Fischer titration is a variation of the classic water content determination method according to Karl Fischer. The conventional method works with a methanolic solution of iodine, sulfur dioxide and a base as buffer substance.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 4.2 Working with water standards 4.2 Working with water standards 4.2.1 Certified water standards Commercially available, certified water standards with water contents of 1.00 ± 0.003 mg/g and/or 0.10 ± 0.005 mg/g should be used for validating the instrument as a whole, integrated system. NOTE The 1.0 mg/g water standard is easier to handle and therefore to be preferred. Table 1 4.2.2 Recommended sample size ranges Water standard 1.0 mg/g 0.2 - 2.0 g Water standard 0.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 4 Coulometric titration 6 Pull the piston of the syringe up to the end and swing the syringe back and forth somewhat. The inside of the syringe is being rinsed by water standard and freed from water contamination. 7 Dispose of the used water standard in a waste bottle. 8 Draw the rest of the water standard into the syringe, aspirating as little air as possible. 9 Push out any air bubbles that may be present in the syringe.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 4.3 Sample addition 15 The next determination can be started as soon as the determination has been finished and the coulometer cell has been conditioned (drift stable) again. 4.3 Sample addition This chapter contains a few notes concerning sample addition. An exhaustive discussion of this topic is not possible here. Further notes can be found in the publications from the reagent manufacturers and in the following Metrohm Application Bulletins: Bulletin No. Title No.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 4 Coulometric titration The best way for you to determine the injected sample amount is to reweigh the sample. Glass syringes should be used for the determination of traces and validations. We recommend obtaining these from a specialized syringe manufacturer. Highly volatile samples and samples of low viscosity should be cooled before sampling. Doing so avoids losses while working. The syringe must, however, not be cooled directly, as condensation could form.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 4.4 Optimum working conditions 4.4 Optimum working conditions 4.4.1 General When a coulometer cell that has been well dried-out beforehand is put into operation with a generator electrode without diaphragm, the basic drift will be reached within approx. 30 minutes. It is recommended that the coulometer cell be repeatedly and carefully shaken during this time. For generator electrodes with diaphragm, you should expect a preparation time of approx. 2 hours.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 4.4.3 4 Coulometric titration Reagent replacement The electrolyte solutions must be replaced in the following cases: ￭ ￭ ￭ ￭ The coulometer cell is too full. The KF reagent has reached its capacity limit. The drift is too high, and cannot be reduced by shaking the coulometer cell. A two-phase-mixture is being formed in the coulometer cell; in this case it is also possible to aspirate the sample phase only. Exhausted electrolyte solution is best disposed of by aspiration.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 5.1 General notes 5 Operation and maintenance 5.1 General notes 5.1.1 Care The 851 Titrando requires appropriate care. Excess contamination of the instrument may result in functional disruptions and a reduction in the lifetime of the otherwise sturdy mechanics and electronics. Spilled chemicals and solvents should be removed immediately. Above all, the plug connections on the rear of the instrument (in particular the power socket) should be protected from contamination.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 5 Operation and maintenance 5.2 Generator electrode 5.2.1 Generator electrode without diaphragm The 6.0345.100 generator electrode without diaphragm is easy to handle and clean. It needs only one reagent and is quickly ready for use (no moisture deposits in the diaphragm!). The generator electrode without diaphragm is suitable for most applications. It should be specifically used for severely contaminated samples. 5.2.1.
5.3 Quality Management and qualification with Metrohm 5.2.2.2 ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Cleaning As a rule, the electrolyte solution can be exchanged without special cleaning of the parts. If cleaning is necessary anyway, ensure that the Pt grid of the generator electrode is not damaged. ￭ ￭ ￭ ￭ Resinous residues on the diaphragm Hang the generator electrode vertically on a support rod, fill with concentrated HNO3 and leave overnight. First rinse with water, then with ethanol.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 5 Operation and maintenance Metrohm representative regarding the precise terms and conditions involved in concluding a corresponding maintenance agreement. Further information on this can be found in the brochure "Metrohm Care Contracts – Protect your investment the smart way" available from your local Metrohm representative.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 6.1 General 6 Troubleshooting 6.1 General Problem Cause Remedy The "On" LED is not illuminated, even though the instrument is connected to the power supply. The Touch Control or the computer has not been switched on yet or the plugs are not correctly plugged in. 1. Check the plug connections. 2. Switch on the Touch Control or the computer. 6.2 Karl Fischer titration Problem Cause Remedy The drift is very high during conditioning. The titration cell is leaking.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Problem 6 Troubleshooting Cause Remedy ￭ Select a short delay time. See also: The drift becomes greater after each titration. The sample is overtitrated. The increments at the end of the titration are too high. ￭ ￭ The solution becomes darker after each titration. Select the user-defined titration rate and reduce the dosing rate (see manual/help of the software used).
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 7.1 Remote interface 7 Appendix 7.1 Remote interface The 6.2148.010 Remote Box allows devices to be controlled which cannot be connected directly to the MSB interface of the Titrando. 1 2 3 Figure 22 Connectors of the Remote Box 1 Cable For connecting to the Titrando. 3 Remote connector For connecting instruments with a remote interface. 7.1.1 2 MSB connector Metrohm Serial Bus. For connecting external dosing devices or stirrers.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 7 Appendix Inputs +5 V approx. 50 kΩ Pull-up tp tp > 20 ms active = low, inactive = high Outputs Open Collector tp tp > 200 ms active = low, inactive = high IC = 20 mA, VCEO = 40 V +5 V: maximum load = 20 mA The following tables offer information concerning the assignment of the individual pins and their function: Table 3 851 Titrando Inputs and outputs of the remote interface Assignment Pin No.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 7.1 Remote interface Assignment Pin No. Output 8 6 Output 9 7 Output 10 8 Output 11 13 Output 12 19 Output 13 20 0 volts / GND 14 +5 volts 15 0 volts / GND 25 Function* * Signal activated only for operation with Touch Control. Table 4 Explanation of the individual functions Function Explanation Start The current method is started at the time of activation. tpulse > 100 ms Stop The current method is canceled (Stop) at the time of activation.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 851 Titrando 7 Appendix Function Explanation Warning The line is set for warning message display.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 8.1 Measuring interface 8 Technical specifications 8.1 Measuring interface The 851 Titrando has one galvanically isolated measuring interface. The measuring cycle is 100 ms for all measuring modes. 8.1.1 Generator electrode One measuring input (Gen.) for a generator electrode. 400 mA Continuous current and pulsed Imax 8.1.2 Indicator electrode One measuring input (Ind.) for an indicator electrode.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 8 Technical specifications (Applies for measuring range +10 - +40 °C; ±1 digit; without sensor error, under reference conditions) 8.2 Power connection Supply voltage 100 - 240 V Frequency 50 - 60 Hz Power consumption Maximum 45 W Fuse Electronic overload protection 8.3 Safety specifications Design and testing ￭ ￭ ￭ ￭ Safety instructions 8.4 Emission Immunity EN/IEC 61010-1 UL 61010-1 CSA-C22.2 No.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 8.5 Ambient temperature ￭ 8.5 NE 21 Ambient temperature Nominal function range +5 - +45 °C Storage –20 - +60 °C Transport –40 - +60 °C 8.6 Interfaces USB connectors USB ports 2 USB downstream ports (type A sockets), 500 mA each, for connecting peripheral devices such as printers, keyboards, barcode readers or RS-232/USB boxes (Metrohm order no. 6.2148.020).
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 9 Warranty (guarantee) 9 Warranty (guarantee) Metrohm guarantees that the deliveries and services it provides are free of defects in materials, design or manufacturing. The general warranty period is 36 months (exclusions below) from the date of delivery or 18 months in the event of continuous operation. The warranty remains valid on the condition that the servicing is provided by a service organization authorized by Metrohm at defined intervals and with a defined scope.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Deficiencies arising from circumstances that are not the responsibility of Metrohm, such as improper storage or improper use, etc., are expressly excluded from the warranty. Metrohm also offers a 120 month spare parts availability guarantee and a 60 month PC software support warranty, calculated from the date on which the product is withdrawn from the market.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10 Accessories 10 Accessories NOTE Subject to change without notice. 10.1 Scope of delivery 10.1.1 2.851.0010 Order no. Description 1 1.801.0010 Magnetic stirrer 1 1.851.0010 Titrando Qty. Coulometer including generator electrode with diaphragm and 801 Magnetic Stirrer. Coulometry is the ideal method for water determination in liquids, solids and gases when it comes to water determination in the trace range (10 µg to 10 mg absolute water).
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 1 Order no. Description 6.0344.100 Generator electrode with diaphragm Generator electrode for Karl Fischer titrations, with diaphragm, standard ground-joint 29/22. Shaft material: Glass Temperature range, long–20 - 70 term (°C): Temperature range, short–20 - 70 term (°C): SGJ sleeve: Standard ground-joint 29/22 Shaft diameter top (mm): 24 Shaft diameter bottom (mm): 24 Min.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. 1 10 Accessories Order no. Description 6.1446.060 Stopper / B-14/15 / M10 Material: Height (mm): SGJ size: 2 6.1448.020 PP 22 B-14/15 Septum 16 mm, 5 pieces Set of 5 pcs. Material: Height (mm): Outer diameter (mm): 1 6.1464.320 Material: Height (mm): Volume (mL): 1 6.1903.030 Silicone rubber 2 16 KF titration vessel / 80-250 mL / coulometric Clear glass 114 80 - 250 Stirring bar / 25 mm Stirring bar with magnetic core, PTFE covering, length 25 mm.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 1 Order no. Description 6.2001.060 Support stand without support rod To attach an 801, 804, 803 Stirrer to a Titrando, Titrino plus, Dosimat plus or 856 and 867. 1 6.2013.010 Clamping ring For support rods with a diameter of 10 mm. Material: Metal Width (mm): 20 Height (mm): 16 1 6.2016.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. 1 10 Accessories Order no. Description 6.2047.020 Titration vessel holder Titration vessel holder for coulometric cells.Used with 756, 831 KF Coulometer 1 6.2103.130 Adapter red 2 mm plug / 4 mm socket For connecting plug B (4 mm) to 2 mm socket. 1 6.2103.140 Adapter black 2 mm plug / B socket 4 mm For connecting plug B (4 mm) to 2 mm socket. 1 6.2104.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 1 Order no. Description 6.2104.120 Electrode cable / 1 m / H With plug H. For connecting generator electrode - KF Coulometer. Length (m): 1 1 6.2701.040 Screw cap PBT. With orifice for 6.1448.020 Septum. Used with 6.5405.000 Cell without diaphragm and 6.1464.32X and 6.1465.320 Titration vessels. Used with 684, 737, 756 KF Coulometers Material: Height (mm): Outer diameter (mm): Inner diameter (mm): 3 6.2713.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. 1 10 Accessories Order no. Description 6.2730.030 Stopper Complete with nipple and E.301.0043 O-ring. For 6.1414.030 titration vessel lid. For KF instruments, VA measurement stands, VA Computrace and IC Dilution. Length (mm): 38 1 6.2738.000 Funnel For the KF coulometer. Material: Outer diameter (mm): Inner diameter (mm): 1 6.2811.000 PP 50 6 Molecular sieve Molecular sieve. Bottle containing 250 g. Pore size: 0.3 nm. Without moisture indicator.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 2 Order no. Description 6.2816.030 Needle with Luer connector Needle for filling in mercury into the Multi-Mode Electrode and for sample addition in Karl Fischer titration. Outer diameter (mm): 0.8 Length (mm): 80 2 6.2816.090 Syringe 5 mL 5 mL syringe made of PP, with Luer connector. Material: PP 1 6.2122.0x0 Power supply cable with IEC 60320 line socket, type C13 Cable plug according to customer requirements.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1.2 10 Accessories 2.851.0020 2.851.0020 Qty. Order no. Description 1 1.801.0010 Magnetic stirrer 1 1.851.0010 Titrando Coulometer including generator electrode with diaphragm and 801 Magnetic Stirrer. Coulometry is the ideal method for water determination in liquids, solids and gases when it comes to water determination in the trace range (10 µg to 10 mg absolute water). Moreover, coulometry is an absolute method and thus no titer determination is necessary.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. Order no. Description Shaft diameter bottom (mm): Min. immersion depth (mm): Electrode plug-in head: Indicator electrode type: Indicator electrode type (reference): 1 6.1403.030 KF adsorber tube for coulometer cell For KF coulometers. Height (mm): SGJ size: 1 6.1437.000 Material: Height (mm): SGJ size: 1 6.1446.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. 2 10 Accessories Order no. Description 6.1448.020 Septum 16 mm, 5 pieces Set of 5 pcs. Material: Height (mm): Outer diameter (mm): 1 6.1464.320 Material: Height (mm): Volume (mL): 1 6.1903.030 Silicone rubber 2 16 KF titration vessel / 80-250 mL / coulometric Clear glass 114 80 - 250 Stirring bar / 25 mm Stirring bar with magnetic core, PTFE covering, length 25 mm. Material: PTFE Outer diameter (mm): 5 Length (mm): 25 1 6.2001.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 1 Order no. Description 6.2013.010 Clamping ring For support rods with a diameter of 10 mm. Material: Metal Width (mm): 20 Height (mm): 16 1 6.2016.030 Support rod / 250 mm Material: Outer diameter (mm): Length (mm): 1 6.2047.020 Stainless steel 18/9 10 250 Titration vessel holder Titration vessel holder for coulometric cells.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. 1 10 Accessories Order no. Description 6.2103.130 Adapter red 2 mm plug / 4 mm socket For connecting plug B (4 mm) to 2 mm socket. 1 6.2103.140 Adapter black 2 mm plug / B socket 4 mm For connecting plug B (4 mm) to 2 mm socket. 1 6.2104.020 Electrode cable / 1 m / F For connecting electrodes with Metrohm plug-in head G to Metrohm instruments (socket F). Length (m): 1 1 6.2104.120 Electrode cable / 1 m / H With plug H.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 1 Order no. Description 6.2701.040 Screw cap PBT. With orifice for 6.1448.020 Septum. Used with 6.5405.000 Cell without diaphragm and 6.1464.32X and 6.1465.320 Titration vessels. Used with 684, 737, 756 KF Coulometers Material: PBTP Height (mm): 20 Outer diameter (mm): 24 Inner diameter (mm): 18 3 6.2713.000 Sleeve For the fat-free ground-joint connection with the standard groundjoint SGJ 14. Material: PTFE foil 1 6.2713.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. 1 10 Accessories Order no. Description 6.2730.030 Stopper Complete with nipple and E.301.0043 O-ring. For 6.1414.030 titration vessel lid. For KF instruments, VA measurement stands, VA Computrace and IC Dilution. Length (mm): 38 1 6.2738.000 Funnel For the KF coulometer. Material: Outer diameter (mm): Inner diameter (mm): 1 6.2811.000 PP 50 6 Molecular sieve Molecular sieve. Bottle containing 250 g. Pore size: 0.3 nm. Without moisture indicator.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 2 Order no. Description 6.2816.030 Needle with Luer connector Needle for filling in mercury into the Multi-Mode Electrode and for sample addition in Karl Fischer titration. Outer diameter (mm): 0.8 Length (mm): 80 2 6.2816.090 Syringe 5 mL 5 mL syringe made of PP, with Luer connector. Material: PP 1 6.6064.010 USB Memory Stick for 900 Touch Control 1 6.2122.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. Order no. 10 Accessories Description USA, …: NEMA 5-15, Type 498 6.2122.070 1.5 m Length: 1 10.1.3 Qty. 1 8.851.8004EN 851 Titrando Manual 2.851.0110 Order no. Description 1.851.0010 Titrando Coulometer including generator electrode with diaphragm and 801 Magnetic Stirrer. Coulometry is the ideal method for water determination in liquids, solids and gases when it comes to water determination in the trace range (10 µg to 10 mg absolute water).
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 1 Order no. Description 6.0345.100 Generator electrode without diaphragm Generator electrode for Karl Fischer titrations, without diaphragm, SGJ 29/22 Shaft material: Glass Temperature range, long–20 - 70 term (°C): Temperature range, short–20 - 70 term (°C): SGJ sleeve: SGJ 29/22 Shaft diameter top (mm): 24 Shaft diameter bottom (mm): 24 Min.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. 1 10 Accessories Order no. Description 6.1446.060 Stopper / B-14/15 / M10 Material: Height (mm): SGJ size: 2 6.1448.020 PP 22 B-14/15 Septum 16 mm, 5 pieces Set of 5 pcs. Material: Height (mm): Outer diameter (mm): 1 6.1464.320 Material: Height (mm): Volume (mL): 1 6.1903.030 Silicone rubber 2 16 KF titration vessel / 80-250 mL / coulometric Clear glass 114 80 - 250 Stirring bar / 25 mm Stirring bar with magnetic core, PTFE covering, length 25 mm.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 1 Order no. Description 6.2047.020 Titration vessel holder Titration vessel holder for coulometric cells.Used with 756, 831 KF Coulometer 1 6.2103.130 Adapter red 2 mm plug / 4 mm socket For connecting plug B (4 mm) to 2 mm socket. 1 6.2103.140 Adapter black 2 mm plug / B socket 4 mm For connecting plug B (4 mm) to 2 mm socket. 1 6.2104.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. 1 10 Accessories Order no. Description 6.2104.120 Electrode cable / 1 m / H With plug H. For connecting generator electrode - KF Coulometer. Length (m): 1 1 6.2701.040 Screw cap PBT. With orifice for 6.1448.020 Septum. Used with 6.5405.000 Cell without diaphragm and 6.1464.32X and 6.1465.320 Titration vessels. Used with 684, 737, 756 KF Coulometers Material: Height (mm): Outer diameter (mm): Inner diameter (mm): 3 6.2713.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 1 Order no. Description 6.2730.030 Stopper Complete with nipple and E.301.0043 O-ring. For 6.1414.030 titration vessel lid. For KF instruments, VA measurement stands, VA Computrace and IC Dilution. Length (mm): 38 1 6.2738.000 Funnel For the KF coulometer. Material: Outer diameter (mm): Inner diameter (mm): 1 6.2811.000 PP 50 6 Molecular sieve Molecular sieve. Bottle containing 250 g. Pore size: 0.3 nm. Without moisture indicator.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. 2 10 Accessories Order no. Description 6.2816.030 Needle with Luer connector Needle for filling in mercury into the Multi-Mode Electrode and for sample addition in Karl Fischer titration. Outer diameter (mm): 0.8 Length (mm): 80 2 6.2816.090 Syringe 5 mL 5 mL syringe made of PP, with Luer connector. Material: PP 1 6.2122.0x0 Power supply cable with IEC 60320 line socket, type C13 Cable plug according to customer requirements. Switzerland: SEV 1011, Type 12 6.2122.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery 10.1.4 Qty. 1 2.851.0120 Order no. Description 1.851.0010 Titrando Coulometer including generator electrode with diaphragm and 801 Magnetic Stirrer. Coulometry is the ideal method for water determination in liquids, solids and gases when it comes to water determination in the trace range (10 µg to 10 mg absolute water). Moreover, coulometry is an absolute method and thus no titer determination is necessary.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. Order no. 10 Accessories Description Electrode plug-in head: Indicator electrode type: Indicator electrode type (reference): 1 6.1403.030 KF adsorber tube for coulometer cell For KF coulometers. Height (mm): SGJ size: 1 6.1437.000 Material: Height (mm): SGJ size: 1 6.1446.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 2 Order no. Description 6.1448.020 Septum 16 mm, 5 pieces Set of 5 pcs. Material: Height (mm): Outer diameter (mm): 1 6.1464.320 Material: Height (mm): Volume (mL): 1 6.1903.030 Silicone rubber 2 16 KF titration vessel / 80-250 mL / coulometric Clear glass 114 80 - 250 Stirring bar / 25 mm Stirring bar with magnetic core, PTFE covering, length 25 mm. Material: PTFE Outer diameter (mm): 5 Length (mm): 25 1 6.2047.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. 1 10 Accessories Order no. Description 6.2103.130 Adapter red 2 mm plug / 4 mm socket For connecting plug B (4 mm) to 2 mm socket. 1 6.2103.140 Adapter black 2 mm plug / B socket 4 mm For connecting plug B (4 mm) to 2 mm socket. 1 6.2104.020 Electrode cable / 1 m / F For connecting electrodes with Metrohm plug-in head G to Metrohm instruments (socket F). Length (m): 1 1 6.2104.120 Electrode cable / 1 m / H With plug H.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 1 Order no. Description 6.2701.040 Screw cap PBT. With orifice for 6.1448.020 Septum. Used with 6.5405.000 Cell without diaphragm and 6.1464.32X and 6.1465.320 Titration vessels. Used with 684, 737, 756 KF Coulometers Material: PBTP Height (mm): 20 Outer diameter (mm): 24 Inner diameter (mm): 18 3 6.2713.000 Sleeve For the fat-free ground-joint connection with the standard groundjoint SGJ 14. Material: PTFE foil 1 6.2713.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. 1 10 Accessories Order no. Description 6.2730.030 Stopper Complete with nipple and E.301.0043 O-ring. For 6.1414.030 titration vessel lid. For KF instruments, VA measurement stands, VA Computrace and IC Dilution. Length (mm): 38 1 6.2738.000 Funnel For the KF coulometer. Material: Outer diameter (mm): Inner diameter (mm): 1 6.2811.000 PP 50 6 Molecular sieve Molecular sieve. Bottle containing 250 g. Pore size: 0.3 nm. Without moisture indicator.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ 10.1 Scope of delivery Qty. 2 Order no. Description 6.2816.030 Needle with Luer connector Needle for filling in mercury into the Multi-Mode Electrode and for sample addition in Karl Fischer titration. Outer diameter (mm): 0.8 Length (mm): 80 2 6.2816.090 Syringe 5 mL 5 mL syringe made of PP, with Luer connector. Material: PP 1 6.6064.010 USB Memory Stick for 900 Touch Control 1 6.2122.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Qty. Order no. 10 Accessories Description USA, …: NEMA 5-15, Type 498 6.2122.070 1.5 m Length: 1 8.851.8004EN 10.2 851 Titrando Manual Optional accessories Order no. Description 2.800.0010 800 Dosino Drive with write/read hardware for intelligent Dosing Units. With fixed cable (length 150 cm). 2.801.
10.2 Optional accessories Order no. ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Description titration as they are not soluble, react with the Karl Fischer reagent or release their water only very slowly or not until heated to high temperatures. Using tightly sealed sample vials, the sample is inserted in the oven. The samples can be subsequently analysed by any volumetric or coulometric KF titrator. Dimensions in mm (W/H/D): 440/500/230 6.2148.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Order no. Description 6.3032.220 Dosing Unit 20 mL 10 Accessories Dosing unit with integrated data chip with 20 mL glass cylinder and light protection, mountable on reagent bottle with ISO/DIN GL45 thread. FEP tubing connection, anti-diffusion buret tip. Volume (mL): 20 6.3032.250 Dosing Unit 50 mL Dosing unit with integrated data chip with 50 mL glass cylinder and light protection, mountable on reagent bottle with ISO/DIN GL45 thread.
10.2 Optional accessories Order no. Description 2.874.0020 874 USB Oven Sample Processor customized ￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ The 874 Oven Sample Processor is used for thermal sample preparation in Karl Fischer titration. The oven method is suitable for samples that only release their moisture at higher temperature, for sparingly soluble samples or samples that undergo side-reactions with the KF reagent. Dimensions in mm (W/H/D): 280/550/490 2.900.
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Index Index Numbers/Symbols 6.2151.000 controller cable ..... 11 685 Dosimat ............................ 14 700 Dosino .............................. 14 800 Dosino .............................. 14 801 Stirrer ................................ 15 803 Ti Stand ............................. 15 804 Ti Stand ............................. 15 805 Dosimat ............................ 14 A ADD ........................................... 3 Addition and aspiration tube Mount .................
￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭ Index S Safety instructions ...................... 4 Sample Liquid ................................. 38 Solid ................................... 39 Sample changer With oven module .............. 31 Sample size Size .................................... 38 Sensor Connect ............................. 32 Serial number ............................. 8 Service ....................................... 4 Stirrer Connect ............................. 15 System test ...........................
