Professional Digital Two-Way Radio System System Planner
m MOTOTRBO™ System Planner Issue 1.
Manual Revisions Changes which occur after this manual is printed are described in PMRs (Publication Manual Revisions). These PMRs provide complete replacement pages for all added, changed, and deleted items, including pertinent parts list data, schematics, and component layout diagrams. Computer Software Copyrights The Motorola products described in this manual may include copyrighted Motorola computer programs stored in semiconductor memories or other media.
Section 1 Introduction 1.1 Welcome to MOTOTRBOTM! ............................................................................... 1 1.2 Software Version .................................................................................................. 2 Section 2 System Feature Overview 2.1 MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology................................................................ 3 2.1.1 Digital Radio Technology Overview ............................................................ 3 2.1.1.
2.3.2 Digital Signaling Features ......................................................................... 2.3.2.1 PTT ID and Aliasing......................................................................... 2.3.2.2 Radio Disable (Selective Radio Inhibit) ........................................... 2.3.2.3 Remote Monitor ............................................................................... 2.3.2.4 Radio Check .................................................................................... 2.3.
2.7 Voice and Data Privacy ...................................................................................... 62 2.7.1 Types of Privacy........................................................................................ 62 2.7.2 Strength of the Protection Mechanism ...................................................... 63 2.7.3 Scope of Protection................................................................................... 63 2.7.4 Effects on Performance........................................
2.11.4 Available Levels of Partnership............................................................... 90 Section 3 System Components and Topologies 3.1 System Components .......................................................................................... 93 3.1.1 Fixed End Components............................................................................. 93 3.1.1.1 Repeater .......................................................................................... 93 3.1.1.
4.4.4.2 Minimize Location Periodic Update Rate....................................... 150 4.4.4.3 Data Application Retry Attempts and Intervals .............................. 151 4.4.4.4 Optimize Data Application Outbound Message Rate .................... 152 4.4.4.5 GPS Revert and Loading............................................................... 152 4.5 Multiple Digital Repeaters in Standalone Mode ............................................... 155 4.5.1 Overlapping Coverage Area.....................
4.8.4.3 Identifying Group IDs ..................................................................... 4.8.4.4 Assigning Group Aliases................................................................ 4.8.5 Determining Which Channel Operates in Repeater Mode or Direct Mode ..................................................................................................... 4.8.6 Determining Feature Assignments.......................................................... 4.8.6.1 Determining Supervisor Radios .......
Introduction 1 SECTION 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION Welcome to MOTOTRBOTM! Improving workforce productivity and operational effectiveness requires superior communications quality, reliability, and functionality. MOTOTRBO is the first digital two-way radio system from Motorola specifically designed to meet the requirements of professional organizations that need a customizable, business critical, private communication solution using licensed spectrum.
2 1.2 Introduction Software Version All the features described in the System Planner are supported by the radio’s software version R04.00.00 or later.
System Feature Overview 3 SECTION 2 SYSTEM FEATURE OVERVIEW 2.1 MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology This section provides a brief overview of MOTOTRBO digital radio technology. It addresses two of the primary benefits delivered by this technology: spectral efficiency and improved audio performance. 2.1.
4 System Feature Overview first to demonstrate very low bit rates while producing toll-quality speech such as traditionally associated with wireline telephone systems. Together with the vocoding process, Forward Error Correction (FEC) is also applied. FEC is a mathematical checksum technique that enables the receiver to both validate the integrity of a received message and determine which, if any, bits have been corrupted.
System Feature Overview 5 2.1.2 Spectrum Efficiency via Two-Slot TDMA 2.1.2.1 Frequencies, Channels, and Requirements for Spectrum Efficiency A radio communications channel is defined by its carrier frequency, and its bandwidth. The spectrum of available carrier frequencies is divided into major bands (such as VHF and UHF), and the majority of licensed channels in use today have widths of either 25kHz or 12.5kHz.
6 System Feature Overview By comparison, analog radios operate on the concept of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA). In FDMA, each transmitting radio transmits continuously on a designated channel, and the receiving radio receives the relevant transmission by tuning to the desired carrier frequency. Today’s Analog MOTOTRBO Slot 2 Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 1 Tim e Regulatory emissions mask Slot 2 Slot 1 Frequency Frequency 12.5KHz chan nel 12.5KHz chan nel 12.5kHz Analog 12.
System Feature Overview 7 and compared to alternative technologies that may operate on different bandwidths, there is no comparative increase in the risk of interference with or from adjacent channels. Analog 2-Channel System 12.5kHz Analog Frequency Pair 1 Repeater 1 Tx1 Rx1 Tx2 Combining Equipment Frequency Pair 2 Rx2 Groups Repeater 2 MOTOTRBO 2-Channel System 12.
8 System Feature Overview 2.1.2.4 Two-Slot TDMA Enables System Flexibility The two time slots or logical channels enabled by two-slot TDMA can potentially be used for a variety of purposes. Many organizations deploying MOTOTRBO systems can use these slots in the following manner: • Use both the slots as voice channels.
System Feature Overview 9 NOTE: When used in direct mode without a repeater, two-slot TDMA systems on a 12.5kHz channel do not deliver 6.25kHz equivalent efficiency. This is because the repeater is necessary to synchronize the time slots to enable independent parties to share them. Thus, on a direct or talkaround channel, when one radio begins transmitting, the whole 12.5kHz channel is effectively busy, even though the transmitting radio is using only one time slot.
10 System Feature Overview 2.1.3.1 Digital Audio Coverage The main difference between analog and digital coverage is how the audio quality degrades throughout the coverage region. Analog audio degrades linearly throughout the region of coverage, while digital audio quality performs more consistently in the same region of coverage.
System Feature Overview 2.1.3.2 11 Predicting Digital Audio Coverage Predicting coverage for a radio site can be complicated. There are many factors that affect RF performance prediction, and generally, the more factors that can be considered, the more accurate the prediction of coverage. Perhaps the most influential factor is the selection of the RF propagation model and/or RF prediction software tools.
12 System Feature Overview For an advanced, more comprehensive understanding of RF coverage prediction for the MOTOTRBO site, the reader is encouraged to obtain the TIA Telecommunications Service Bulletin TSB-88 – “Wireless Communications Systems-Performance in Noise and Interference-Limited Situations, Recommended Methods for Technology-Independent Modeling, Simulation, and Verification.” A copy of TSB-88 can be obtained from http://www.tiaonline.org 2.1.3.
System Feature Overview 2.1.3.4 13 Audio Balancing Transmitting voice over a digital air interface requires a voice coder, or vocoder for short. The vocoder used by MOTOTRBO is the Digital Voice Systems Inc. (DVSI) AMBE+2TM. This vocoder delivers excellent voice quality with robustness to both background noise and RF channel bit errors in a 6.25 kHz equivalent channel bandwidth. In order to produce optimal voice quality, the input level into the vocoder must fall within a specific amplitude range.
14 System Feature Overview The flat audio response of digital is different from the traditional analog audio response. The traditional response is a linear response and the louder one speaks, then the louder the received volume. Figure 2-7 illustrates a traditional analog response in the curves titled Professional Series and MOTOTRBO with IMPRES RSM (AGC off, Analog). When Analog Mic AGC is disabled, then the Analog Mic Gain (dB) is adjustable in the CPS General Settings.
System Feature Overview 15 2. To provide voice and data communication between two or more MOTOTRBO single site systems located at geographically separate locations. 3. To provide voice and data communication between two or more MOTOTRBO single site systems operating in different frequency bands (e.g. UHF and VHF). The back-end network of an IP Site Connect system is designed to work seamlessly with internet connectivity provided by an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
16 System Feature Overview • When operating in digital direct mode, MOTOTRBO uses one physical channel configured for 12.5kHz channel bandwidth. On one direct 12.5kHz physical channel bandwidth, a MOTOTRBO digital system can support only one voice (or data) path at a time. Without a repeater in place to coordinate the time slot sequence among radios, only one radio can transmit at a time in order to guarantee transmissions do not overlap.
System Feature Overview 17 • Color Code Free: This criteria is sometimes referred to as “Polite to Own Color Code” or “Polite to Own System”, and is applied only to digital channels. • Correct PL: This criteria is sometimes referred to as “Polite to Own System”, and is applied only to analog channels. Channel access methods must be specified for each channel in the radio CPS.
18 System Feature Overview 2.2.3.2 Polite to All Operation (Admit Criteria of “Channel Free”) When configured for Polite to All operation, the radio checks if channels are idle or busy, prior to allowing a transmission. The radio is polite to all analog or digital transmissions, another system’s transmission, or other traffic on your system. This option is often used, when there are neighboring communications systems, to prevent radio users from disrupting each other’s transmissions.
System Feature Overview 2.2.3.6 19 Repeater Wake-up Provisioning When there is no inbound traffic for a specified duration (Subscriber Inactivity Timer), the repeater stops transmitting and enters an inactive state. In this inactive state, the repeater is not transmitting, but instead it is listening for transmissions. When the user or radio needs to transmit through the repeater, the radio sends a wake-up message to the repeater.
20 System Feature Overview 2.3 MOTOTRBO Digital Features 2.3.1 Digital Voice Features 2.3.1.1 Group Calls The digital group is a way of enabling groups to share a channel without distracting and disrupting one another. Because two-way radios are well suited for “one-to-many” types of calls, the Group Call is the most common call in a MOTOTRBO system. Hence, the majority of conversations takes place within a group.
System Feature Overview 21 Private Calls can be configured as confirmed or unconfirmed on a per channel basis. For confirmed private calls, the calling radio transmits a short control signal message to the target radio. This signaling verifies the presence of the target radio before being allowed to start the call. The receiving user does not need to manually “answer” this signal, but rather the receiving radio automatically responds to the setup request.
22 System Feature Overview selected channel. More information on the Admit Criteria is provided in “Channel Access Configuration” on page 199. All Calls do not communicate across different time slots or channels within the system. The ability to initiate an All Call is only programmed into radios that are used in supervisory roles. All other radios monitor All Call transmissions by default.
System Feature Overview 23 channel on which it was disabled, even after a power cycle. It may be required to return the radio to the site in which it was disabled before it can receive an enable command over the air. This may also be accomplished by communicating with the radio on the talkaround frequency of the site in which it was disabled. The Radio Disable feature can be used to stop any inappropriate use of a radio, or to prevent a stolen radio from functioning.
24 System Feature Overview In MOTOTRBO systems, Radio Check is configured in portable and mobile radio CPS. To allow a radio to use this function, it must be enabled in the CPS “Menu” settings. All MOTOTRBO radios will receive and respond to a Radio Check, i.e. this feature cannot be turned off in the CPS. 2.3.2.5 Call Alert The Call Alert feature allows a radio user to essentially page another user. When a radio receives a Call Alert, a persistent audible and visual alert is presented to the user.
System Feature Overview 25 Once the emergency is complete (e.g. turn off and turn on the radio, or long press of emergency button), these abilities will return. The emergency sequence is generally made up of two major parts: • the signaling and • the following voice call. The emergency alarm is sent first, and depending on configuration is commonly followed up by an emergency call. An emergency alarm is not a data service, but rather a confirmed command and control signaling that is sent to a group.
26 System Feature Overview Transmitting an emergency on a selected channel (referred to as a “tactical” emergency) is often useful on small systems where there are only a few groups of users. Each group has its own specified user that handles emergencies. Automatically changing to a predetermined channel, referred to as “reverting”, is often useful in systems that have a dispatch style emergency strategy.
System Feature Overview 27 sends an emergency alarm, the radio stops sending the alarm, and starts the emergency call. While in the emergency mode, all subsequent voice transmissions are emergency calls. The user remains in emergency mode until he manually clears emergency. The only way to reinitiate the emergency alarm process is to reinitiate the emergency. 2.3.3.
28 System Feature Overview 2.4 MOTOTRBO Integrated Data 2.4.1 Overview When performing in digital mode, any MOTOTRBO radio can be used as an integrated voice and data radio, where the radio can send voice as well as data messages on a given logical channel. This does not refer to data services like enabling users to surf the web, send video images, or synchronize their office desktops. This is not the right technology for such bandwidth-hungry applications.
System Feature Overview • 29 MOTOTRBO supports a Third Party Application Partner Program. This program includes a complete application developer’s kit that fully describes interfaces for IP data services, command and control of the radio, and for option boards that can be installed in the radio. For some infrastructure based data applications, the radio must first complete a registration process before data messages can be exchanged between the radio and the infrastructure based application.
30 System Feature Overview 2.4.2 Text Messaging Services Multiple MOTOTRBO system components interact together to deliver text messaging services. These include the built-in text messaging capabilities of MOTOTRBO subscriber radios and the third party text messaging applications. The services provided by each of these components are described in the following subsections.
System Feature Overview 2.4.2.2 31 • A radio user can create a text message in one of two ways: Quick text or limited free-form text messages. Quick text messages are pre-defined using CPS. This allows a user to choose from commonly sent messages without having to retype the content. Once selected, the user is allowed to edit any part of the Quick text message prior to sending. The CPS allows you to define 10 Quick Text messages. • A radio user can select to send a text message to other radios.
32 2.4.3 System Feature Overview Location Services Tx Rx GPS Radios Application Server •Presence Notifier •Location Server •Location Dispatch Tx Rx Control Stations GPS Radios LAN Fixed Clients (Dispatcher) MOTOTRBO Location Client Figure 2-9 Location Services The MOTOTRBO location feature allows a dispatcher to determine the current location of a radio on a display map.
System Feature Overview 2.4.3.1 33 Performance Specifications GPS Transmitter Portable TTFF (Time to First Fix) Cold Start < 2 minutes TTFF (Time to First Fix) Hot Start < 10 seconds Horizontal Accuracy < 10 meters Mobile < 1 minute Note: Accuracy specifications are for long-term tracking (95th percentile values > 5 satellites visible at a nominal -130 dBm signal strength).
34 System Feature Overview 2.4.3.2 Services Provided to a Radio User When the location service is disabled, the radio does not provide any location updates to a location application server. An icon is displayed on the radio if the location service is enabled. The absence of this icon indicates that the location service is disabled. The icon shows a full satellite dish when good GPS signals are detected and an empty satellite dish when the radio is receiving poor GPS signals.
System Feature Overview • 35 On Emergency – A radio will send its location after the user triggers an emergency alarm or an emergency alarm and call request. The location update is sent only to the location application server which had previously sent an active location request for location updates from that radio upon an emergency event. This location update is sent by the radio only after the processing of emergency is completed.
36 System Feature Overview 2.4.3.4 GPS Revert Channel The GPS Revert Channel feature allows system operators a configurable option to off load radio transmitted location updates onto a pre-programmed digital channel that differs from the digital Selected Channel.
System Feature Overview General Settings: GPS Enabled Enabled 37 Channels: Zone1 Channel1 ARS Enabled Channels: Zone1 Channel1 GPS Revert Result None GPS Chip: Enabled Presence: Enabled Location: Disabled Selected (Channel1) GPS Chip: Enabled Presence: Enabled Location: TX on Channel1 GPS1 GPS Chip: Enabled Presence: Enabled Location: TX on GPS1 Enabled Note: Not Selectable means the setting cannot be configured as the option is grayed out. 2.4.
38 System Feature Overview 2.4.4.1 Physical Connection Information The MOTOTRBO portable offers three GPIO pins, and the MOTOTRBO mobile offers five GPIO pins for telemetry. These GPIO pins can be set to high or low, toggled, or pulsed for a configured duration. A pin can be configured to be active high or active low. It is recommended to use an ACpowered MOTOTRBO mobile for most extended telemetry applications. Motorola does not currently offer external hardware for telemetry configuration.
System Feature Overview 2.5 39 Scan MOTOTRBO supports scanning of analog voice, digital voice, data, and digital signaling through a repeater or directly from another radio. When scanning, the radio continuously searches a list of channels for activity of interest. When activity of interest is found, the radio stops and switches to that channel. When finished, the radio continues scanning the channels in the list.
40 System Feature Overview NOTE: In MOTOTRBO radio’s with software versions R04.00.00 or later, various enhancements were made to the scan engine to improve scanning performance. This has caused some features, such as scanning for Group Text Messaging and Emergency Alarms, to no longer be backward compatible with older software versions. All equipment must be upgraded for these features to perform correctly. 2.5.
System Feature Overview 41 Setting a busy channel as a priority channel can cause excessive audio holes in non-priority audio as the radio checks each new transmission on the priority channel to determine if it is call of interest. If the priority channel has many short transmissions that are not of interest, the radio will be forced to incur at least one audio hole for each.
42 System Feature Overview the call hang time. This call hang time overrides the TX Contact Name setting of the channel. Because only one call takes place on a channel (slot) at any given time, the scanning radio will not miss a transmission of interest, regardless of the length of the group list. A Group Scan is configured by creating a group list and adding groups already in the Contacts folder. This group list can then be selected as the RX Group List of a particular Channel.
System Feature Overview 43 Suggested guidelines for the amount of preamble duration to use with scan lists not using priority is provided in the following table.
44 System Feature Overview Number of Digital Scan List Members Number of Priority Members 0 1 2 0 - - - 1 - - - 2 480 960 1200 3 720 1440 1920 4 960 1920 2640 5 960 1920 2640 6 1200 2400 3360 7 1200 2400 3360 8 1440 2880 4080 9 1680 3360 4800 10 1680 3360 4800 11 1920 3840 5520 12 1920 3840 5520 13 2160 4320 6240 14 2400 4800 6960 15 2400 4800 6960 16 2640 5280 7680 If data and digital signaling is not carried on any of the non-priori
System Feature Overview 45 Channel. Note that if a transmission is made within the call hang time of the scanned transmission, it will be targeted towards the landed channel and group. If it occurs after the call hang time has expired, it will be targeted towards the TX Call Member. When using the Last Landed Channel option, it is recommended for each group to have its own configured channel.
46 System Feature Overview system, this could be done with the use of PL or DPL. In a digital system, this can be done by using a unique color code or unique group per channel. This will allow the scanning radio to only “land” on the channel where all receive parameters match and therefore properly direct the user’s reply.
System Feature Overview 47 Another similar problem occurs when the unique receive parameters between scan members are missing or cannot be determined. One scenario where this occurs is while scanning two slots of a repeater and a transmission is received directly from a subscriber on the same frequency. A radio in repeater mode can receive a transmission directly from a radio. However, in direct mode, slot numbering is not utilized.
48 2.6 System Feature Overview Site Roaming MOTOTRBO supports the ability to automatically roam between sites of an IP Site Connect system. The portable and mobile can be configured with a roam list that contains a list of channels, each of which is one site (one repeater) of an IP Site Connect system (wide area system). The radio searches through the list of sites and selects the one with the strongest signal, and identifies this site as its current home site.
System Feature Overview 49 Search (Roaming RSSI Threshold) is configurable via the CPS. See “Configuring the Roaming RSSI Threshold” on page 53 for suggestions on setting the Roaming RSSI Threshold for various site configurations and scenarios. Initiating Passive Site Search and selecting sites based on signal strength works well when the repeater is transmitting, but the MOTOTRBO repeater does perform in a shared-use environment and is required to de-key when not in use.
50 System Feature Overview If the user presses the PTT or a data transmission is requested at this time, the radio will first attempt to wake-up the home repeater. If the repeater does not wake up, the radio repeats this process for each roam list member. If the repeater does wake up, the radio synchronizes itself with the repeater, completes the transmission and make the new site the home site. If the end of the roam list is reached and a site is not found, the user receives a failure indication.
System Feature Overview 51 Figure 2-12 shows a system with 2 sites, 2 wide area systems, each with 2 wide area channels. Wide Area System 1, Channel 1 (WAS1 CH1) represents a wide area channel in wide area system 1. Site 1 Site 2 WAS2 CH1 WAS2 CH1 Network WAS2 CH2 WAS2 CH2 WAS1 CH1 WAS1 CH1 WAS1 CH2 WAS1 CH2 Figure 2-12 Two Wide-Area Systems, Each with Two Wide-Area Channels Each wide area channel should have its own roam list.
52 System Feature Overview The roam lists are configured as shown below: Roam List # - Alias 1 – WAS1 CH1 2 – WAS1 CH2 3 – WAS2 CH1 4 – WAS2 CH2 Personality (CPS Channel) # - Alias 1 – SITE 1 TGA 5 – SITE 2 TGA 2 – SITE 1 TGB 6 – SITE 2 TGB 3 – SITE 1 TGC 7 – SITE 2 TGC 4 – SITE 1 TGD 8 – SITE 2 TGD As can be seen there are 4 roam lists required for the 4 wide area channels. Each roam list contains only one personality that references the desired logical channel at each site.
System Feature Overview 53 the radio acts the same regardless if it roams to the personality or if the user selects the personality. 2.6.3.2 Scan or Roam When selecting a roam list for a personality to utilize, one will notice that a personality cannot contain a roam list and a scan list. MOTOTRBO does not currently support the ability to roam between sites and then scan channels at a particular site. Therefore while on a particular personality, a user has the ability to roam or scan, not both. 2.6.3.
54 System Feature Overview designed to meet. Note that the Roaming RSSI Threshold is a negative number therefore a high value is -80dBm and a low value is -120dBm. The colored area is where the radio would roam. Good Coverage Low Roaming RSSI Threshold High Roaming RSSI Threshold Not Roaming Roaming Figure 2-13 Roaming Triggered by Roaming RSSI Threshold Value The default value of the Roaming RSSI Threshold is -108dBm. It can be programmed for anything between -80dBm and -120 dBm.
System Feature Overview 55 3. Corridor Coverage – This type of coverage consists of in-series slightly overlapping sites. This coverage type is often used for covering highways, train tracks, shore lines, or rivers. Frequency re-use is common in this configuration since one site only overlaps with its two adjacent sites. Non-overlapping sites may share frequencies, but those that do share frequencies need to have different color codes if they need to be distinguished while roaming.
56 System Feature Overview TX = F1 RX = F2 CC = 1 TX = F3 RX = F4 CC = 2 TX = F5 RX = F6 CC = 4 TX = F1 RX = F2 CC = 3 Figure 2-15 Isolated No Overlapping Coverage (Rural) TX = F1 RX = F2 CC = 1 TX = F3 RX = F4 CC = 2 TX = F1 RX = F2 CC = 3 TX = F5 RX = F6 CC = 4 Figure 2-16 Corridor Coverage November, 2008
System Feature Overview 57 TX = F1 RX = F2 CC = 1 TX = F3 RX = F4 CC = 1 TX = F5 RX = F6 CC = 1 TX = F7 RX = F8 CC = 1 Figure 2-17 Multi-Floor Coverage The site configuration should be taken under consideration when the Roaming RSSI Threshold is set. For example if the customer has a “Isolated No Overlapping Coverage” the threshold can be set to its lowest value of -120dBm.
58 System Feature Overview One method to rectify this problem is to lower the output power of the repeater. This decreases the outbound coverage area, but ensures that if a subscriber can hear the repeater well, it can respond successfully. If lowering the output power is not desirable, the Roaming RSSI Threshold needs to be raised higher (less negative) than the recommended values. This forces the radios to roam to another site within very good RF coverage of another.
System Feature Overview 59 beacon duration should be increased. It is safer to have a beacon duration longer than shorter, but keep in mind that if the duration is increased, the beacon interval must be increased to meet the beacon transmit ratio. The beacon interval controls how quickly a radio can roam to a site and how quickly it roams away from a site when there is no activity. When roaming with no system activity, a radio needs to see a beacon in order to roam to a new site.
60 System Feature Overview Number of Sites in Wide Area System Beacon Duration (sec.) Beacon Interval (sec.) 14 15.12 190 15 16.32 210 * Default Values If shared use is not a problem in the customer’s region, the beacon transmit ratio become less important and it may be desirable to increase the beacon duration and decrease the beacon interval past what is identified here.
System Feature Overview 61 does not process the emergency sequence. The user can then attempt another Manual Site Roam to find a site that does have emergency. Note that in most cases, the passive search while not in emergency should get the radio on the correct site and therefore when it emergency reverts, it should still be at the same site. If in Silent Emergency mode, no ergonomics associated with Manual Site Roam are displayed. While GPS reverted, no automatic roaming is supported.
62 System Feature Overview One issue that arises from this situation is that if a group call or unconfirmed individual call starts while the target is inspecting another site, the may be a short delay before joining the call. This will equate to voice truncation for the target radio. Another issue faced will be the need for longer preambles in order for command and control messages, and data to be received by a radio that is currently roaming.
System Feature Overview 2.7.2 63 Strength of the Protection Mechanism Both Basic and Enhanced Privacy do not provide resistance against “replay attack” (i.e. an adversary intercepts the data and retransmits it) or “traffic analysis” (i.e. disclosure of information that can be inferred from observing the traffic patterns). Their protection mechanism requires a key that is shared only among the intended parties.
64 System Feature Overview • Over-the-air, in direct mode; • Over-the-air and inside a repeater, in repeater mode; and • Over-the-air, inside repeaters, and over the back-end network, in IP Site Connect. Note that the Basic and Enhanced Privacy does not protect the voice and data messages between a radio and its option board or between a radio and its accessory (including a MDT). Any data that extends past the radio network is not protected.
System Feature Overview 2.7.4 65 Effects on Performance Basic Privacy uses only one key, which is known to both the sender and the receiver. This eliminates the need to transport crypto parameters (e.g. Key Identifier) with the voice or data payload. A voice message, in case of Basic Privacy, neither requires any modification in the payload nor any additional headers. Therefore, the System Access Time and the audio quality of a Basic privacy protected voice is same as that of an unprotected voice.
66 System Feature Overview protected transmission sees the green LED blinking rapidly. The receiving radio user should consider changing the privacy setting to match that of the call initiator when replying. In case of Basic Privacy, a system utilizes only one key and if all radios are privacy capable, it is recommended that all radios are set to privacy enabled and equipped without the option to toggle the privacy settings by a radio user.
System Feature Overview 67 privacy enabled and one without, and the user should use the dial position to toggle between protected channels and unprotected channels. For example, dial position one may be set to communicate with a Group in unprotected mode, and dial position two may be set to communicate with the same group but in protected mode. 2.7.
68 System Feature Overview A customer may need to change one or more keys (in the case of Enhanced Privacy) with a set of new keys into a set of radios. Some of the reasons for changing keys are: • Compromise of keys • Security policy of the customer requires periodic update of keys • Loss of a radio resulting in a concern that this may lead to compromise of keys or eavesdropping. The easiest way to implement a key switchover is to gather all radios and re-program them at one go.
System Feature Overview 69 privacy capability. Since older radios are not provisioned with a Privacy Key, the audio will be muted. If radios with privacy capability need to communicate to radios without privacy capability, they will need to disable privacy before transmitting. As a general rule, it is always recommended that groups with different privacy capabilities and settings be placed in different Groups and on different slots. 2.7.
70 System Feature Overview associate a key to a personality. The relationship between a key and a personality is 1:1. And therefore the relationship between a key and a group becomes 1:1. If a radio ‘X’ wants to make a protected private call to a radio ‘Y’ and if both the radios are member of a group ‘T’ then the radio ‘X’ goes to a personality whose “TX Group” is ‘T’. If there is no group where both the radios are member then it is not possible to send a protected message.
System Feature Overview 2.8 71 Repeater Diagnostics and Control (RDAC) Repeater Diagnostics and Control (RDAC) allows a system administrator the ability to monitor and control repeaters within the system. The following services are provided: 1.
72 System Feature Overview The ability to change the repeater channel can be utilized to toggle channel parameters between predetermined settings. For example, if the repeater contains one channel that is in analog mode and another channel that is in digital mode, changing the channel between these channels essentially changes the mode from analog to digital. The same strategy can be used to toggle the wide area and local setting of a timeslot.
System Feature Overview 73 The RDAC-IP application can communicate with enabled and disabled repeaters, knockdowned repeaters, digital and analog repeaters, and wide and local area repeaters. As long as they are on the network and communicating with the same Master repeater that the RDAC application is communicating with, they will be controllable via the application.
74 System Feature Overview 2.8.3.1 RDAC Local Settings Rear Accessory Port CPS Programmable Pins The CPS offers a few repeater-wide settings as well as the ability to program the input and output pins on the rear accessory connector to meet the needs of the external equipment. Note that the repeater now supports up to 16 channels. This has made the signal mode setting in the previous releases obsolete. The rear accessory also has some pins that can be programmed to specific input/output functions.
System Feature Overview 2.8.4 75 Redundant Repeater Setup By using the alarm feature and control feature together, it is possible to setup redundant repeaters. So that when one repeater fails, the standby repeater can take over the repeat function. Before installation, both repeaters are programmed with the same channel information. The installer configures one repeater as primary repeater and the other one as standby repeater.
76 System Feature Overview If repeaters are operating in IP site Connect mode, they must both have existing IP network connections and be communicating with the Master. Since they are both on the network, they must have different IP Addresses. Although the system will not send voice to a disabled repeater, it will require link management. Make sure to take this into consideration when planning for network bandwidth, See “Required Bandwidth Calculations” on page 163 for details on calculating the bandwidth.
System Feature Overview 2.9 77 Voice Operated Transmission (VOX) MOTOTRBO provides the ability for hands-free radio transmissions with select radio accessories. 2.9.1 Operational Description Voice Operated Transmission (VOX) monitors the accessory microphone for voice activity. When voice is detected, the radio is keyed-up and the voice is transmitted. When voice is no longer detected at the accessory microphone, the radio is de-keyed. 2.9.
78 System Feature Overview operation will automatically resume once the emergency has been cleared. If at any time during the emergency the radio operator presses PTT, VOX operation will not automatically resume after the emergency is cleared. See “Suspending VOX” on page 77 for instructions on how to resume VOX. 2.10 Analog Features For customers that are migrating from Analog systems to Digital systems, MOTOTRBO supports both analog and digital modes of operation.
System Feature Overview 2.10.2 79 MDC Analog Signaling Features MOTOTRBO contains a limited set of built-in MDC signaling features. These include: Feature Name Description Emergency Signaling Sends a help signal to a pre-defined person or group of people. The emergency feature also allows a user to sound an alarm or alert the dispatcher in an emergency situation. The user is also able to acknowledge an emergency. PTT-ID PTT-ID identifies the user’s outgoing calls on other users’ radios.
80 System Feature Overview 2.10.4 Analog Repeater Interface To facilitate the migration from analog to digital, the MOTOTRBO repeater offers an analog repeater interface that allows the repeater to operate with legacy analog accessories. The interface is configurable via the CPS and can support the following applications: 1. Tone panels 2. Phone Patches 3. Console Desksets connected via a local interface 4. Console Dispatcher in base station configuration 5.
System Feature Overview 81 2.10.4.1.1CPS Repeater Wide Settings CPS Repeater Control Name Description Audio Type “Filtered Squelch” configures the repeater so that only the audible frequency spectrum (300 Hz – 3 kHz) is sent to the rear receive audio pin/speakers as well as transmitted over the air. The user in deskset controller applications is interested in this audible frequency spectrum.
82 System Feature Overview CPS Programmable Pins Description Monitor Asserting this input pin reverts the receiver to carrier squelch operation. Upon detection of RF signal, the repeater enables the Rx Audio lines and unmutes the speaker. Repeater Knockdown Asserting this input pin triggers the repeater to temporarily enter Repeat Path Disable Mode. In this mode, the repeater’s transmitter will only be enabled by the external PTT and the audio source will be the Tx Audio Input pin.
System Feature Overview 83 2.10.4.2 Configuration Summary Table The following table gives a high level view of which features of the analog repeater interface are needed to support specific types of accessories. This table is meant to act only as a guideline.
84 System Feature Overview Similar to existing cables, resistors can be placed on the cable to drop the level coming out from the controller (on the order of 1-2 V P-P) to the level expected by the transmit audio pin. Once the resistor value is determined, the audio and signaling signals can be mixed into a single wire that can be crimped onto the MOTOTRBO accessory connector (Motorola Part Number PMLN5072_). 2.10.4.3.
System Feature Overview 85 The following table lists the jumper/switch settings for trunking/tone panel controllers. Zetron Model 42 Trunking Controller Jumper Settings JP1 set to ‘B’ (Flat) JP2 set to ‘A’ (Tone Flat) JP3 set to ‘A’ (Sub Out High) JP4 set to ‘A’ (+20dB Receive Audio Gain) JP6 set to ‘A’ (TX Audio Level High) JP7 set to ‘Ext Sq +’ (pins 5-7 and 6-8 jumpered) NOTE: If you have an older Zetron controller that will be used in a 12.
86 System Feature Overview Tone Panel Programming Note: It may be necessary to set the generated DPL (DCS) signal to “Invert” from the tone panel to be recognized by the user radios. These DTMF commands are 3750 for normal and 3751 for inverted signal generation. Once the above cable and jumper/switch settings have been achieved, you should now be able to refer to the specific controller product manual to complete installation. 2.10.4.3.
System Feature Overview 87 Feature Name DM 3601 MDC-1200 Remote Monitor – Digital Signaling Features Call Alert Encode/Decode Private Call Encode/Decode Emergency Encode/Decode Selective Radio Inhibit Encode/Decode Radio Check Encode/Decode Remote Monitor Encode/Decode Analog Scan Features Scan X Nuisance Channel Delete X Priority Scan X Dual Priority Scan X Digital Scan Features Scan X Nuisance Channel Delete X Priority Scan (Talkaround) X Priority Scan (Repeater Mode) Futu
88 System Feature Overview 2.11 Third Party Application Partner Program The MOTOTRBO system is complete and robust enough to fulfill the diverse needs faced by a variety of customers.
System Feature Overview 2.11.3 89 MOTOTRBO Documents Available via the Third Party Application Partner Program Each of the interfaces mention in “MOTOTRBO Applications Interfaces” on page 88 is described in detail in the supporting Application Developers Kit (ADK) documentation listed below. These ADKs are available from the MOTODEV website and on EMEA Motorola Online.
90 System Feature Overview 2.11.4 Available Levels of Partnership The below list briefly details the different levels of partnership available to third-party developers who wish to join the Third Party Application Partner Program. Level of Partnership Description Provided access to non-proprietary documents. Registered User For developers looking for general information with no specific application planned.
System Feature Overview 91 Level of Partnership Description Application Partner Provided access to non-proprietary documents, Application Development Kits (ADKs) and additional access to Motorola’s Marketing Support and User Forums, access to use the Motorola “Application Partner” logo, and listed as a Motorola Application Partner on the EMEA Motorola Online and the MOTODEV website. Requires License Agreement and accreditation by regional Third Party Application Partner Program manager.
92 System Feature Overview Notes November, 2008
System Components and Topologies 93 SECTION 3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND TOPOLOGIES 3.1 System Components MOTOTRBO consists of numerous components and applications that function together in a system. The first step in designing a system that satisfies the customer’s needs is identifying the devices and applications within the system, and then choosing a basic system configuration of how these components will be interconnected.
94 System Components and Topologies When configured for digital operation, the repeater offers additional services. The digital repeater operates in TDMA mode, which essentially divides one channel into two virtual channels using time slots; therefore the user capacity is doubled. The repeater utilizes embedded signaling to inform the field radios of the busy/idle status of each channel (time slot), the type of traffic, and even the source and destination information.
System Components and Topologies 95 3.1.1.1.1 Repeater Specifications The MOTOTRBO repeater is currently available in 12.5kHz or 25kHz operation in analog, or 12.5kHz in digital. The table below shows the available repeater bands and associated power levels that are currently supported. Power Requirements Dimensions (h x l x w) 5.25"x11.75"x19" 3.1.1.2 Weight 14 KG.
96 System Components and Topologies Each unit ships with a power supply and manual. The MC1000 ships with a 110V, 60Hz unit, while the MC2000/MC2500 ship with an 110/220V, 50/60Hz unit. The MOTOTRBO mobile can be interfaced with the MC1000, MC2000 and MC2500 Desktop Consoles. These consoles allow for remote and local access to the MOTOTRBO Control Station. The interface to the console uses a 26-pin MAP connector.
System Components and Topologies 97 The following table lists the average battery life at 5/5/90 duty cycle with battery saver enabled, performing with carrier squelch, and transmitting at high power: Battery Type Battery Life NiMH Battery Analog : 8 Hours Digital : 11.2 Hours IMPRES Li-ion Slim Battery (Standard) Analog : 9.3 Hours Digital : 13 Hours IMPRES FM Li-ion Battery Analog : 8.7 Hours Digital : 12.
98 System Components and Topologies 3.1.2.1.
System Components and Topologies 99 The primary buttons of the MOTOTRBO portable offer the user the ability to initiate most system features. These buttons and switches should be very familiar to radio users. Push-to-Talk Button The large round Push-To-Talk button, or PTT button, is the primary button used to initiate voice transmissions. Its location is on the left side of the portable, but is still easy to reach for both righthanded or left-handed users.
100 System Components and Topologies • Contacts • Scan • Messages • Call Logs • Utilities For further details on these menus, please see the MOTOTRBO portable user manual. Full Keypad The MOTOTRBO keypad portable with display offers a full numeric keypad for users to manually enter target addresses for system features. This keypad is also used as an alphanumeric keyboard for text messaging. The non-display portable does not come with a keypad. 3.1.2.1.
System Components and Topologies 101 message to an individual, a dispatcher or a group of radios. He can also reply to and forward text messages to other radios. Do note that all the features mentioned apply to the radio’s built-in text messaging as well as to “mobile on a PC” text messaging. 3.1.2.1.7 Accessory and Peripherals Interface The MOTOTRBO portable radio supports an improved accessory and peripherals interface.
102 System Components and Topologies The mobile is fully configurable via the Windows-based configuration software (CPS). It can be programmed to allow access to all MOTOTRBO features and all channels within the system, or can be simplified to only allow limited access. The MOTOTRBO Mobile can truly be configured to cater to your customer’s needs. 3.1.2.2.
System Components and Topologies 103 Push-to-Talk Button The Push-To-Talk (PTT) button on the microphone is the primary button used to initiate voice transmissions. The cable connecting the microphone to the mobile is long enough to be comfortably used by either a right handed or left handed user. The button is raised from the side and has a raised pattern so that it is easily found in the low light conditions. Pressing the PTT starts a voice transmission on the selected channel.
104 System Components and Topologies • Messages • Call Logs • Utilities For further details on these menus, please see the MOTOTRBO mobile user manual. Full Keypad As an option, the MOTOTRBO Mobile offers an Enhanced Keypad Microphone so that users can manually enter target addresses for system features. Text messaging from the mobile will be available to the end user if the MOTOTRBO mobile is configured with an Enhanced Keypad Microphone.
System Components and Topologies 105 a dispatcher or a group of radios. He can even reply to and forward text messages to other radios. If the MOTOTRBO mobile is not configured with the Enhanced Keypad Microphone, then text messaging can be accomplished through a mobile computer, running the text messaging client connected to the mobile. Using CPS, the radio can be configured to support text messaging internally or forward data to a mobile computer connected to the radio.
106 System Components and Topologies 3.1.3 Data Applications For further details on third party applications, refer to “Third Party Application Partner Program” on page 88. 3.2 System Topologies The primary element in the design of any private two-way radio communications system is the networking of a fleet of field radios (portable and mobile radios).
System Components and Topologies 3.2.1.1 107 Digital MOTOTRBO Radios in Direct Mode f1 digital f1 TX = f1 RX = f1 MOTOTRBO SU (digital mode) TX = f1 RX = f1 MOTOTRBO SU (digital mode) Figure 3-5 MOTOTRBO Radios (in digital mode) In Direct Mode In direct mode configuration, a single frequency is assigned to all radios to communicate with each other. Since there is no repeater designating a slotting structure, there is no time slot synchronization.
108 System Components and Topologies In order for the text message to be sent successfully to the target radio, both radios need to be on the same frequency. Similar to voice, if multiple direct mode frequencies are being used, the user must choose the channel his target is on before sending his text message. The radios do not have to be on the same group. Text messaging and the previously discussed voice services operate on the same frequency.
System Components and Topologies 109 In the first basic configuration, a portable radio is programmed with a button that sends a preconfigured telemetry command over the air to toggle a mobile radio’s output GPIO pin. The GPIO pin is connected to external hardware that detects this change at the GPIO pin, and turns on a light. This configuration can be extended to other applications like remotely opening door locks, turning on pumps, or switching on sprinklers.
110 System Components and Topologies The third basic configuration is a mobile that is connected to customer supplied external telemetry hardware, which sends an event to one of the mobile’s GPIO pins when it detects that a particular door has been opened. Upon detecting the GPIO pin as active, it sends a telemetry toggle command to another mobile radio. This mobile radio is configured to toggle an output pin, which is connected to telemetry hardware that sounds an alarm.
System Components and Topologies 111 Location Dispatch applications request a radio’s location information from the Location Server application, and display the radio’s location on a map. A Location Dispatch application can reside on the Application Server as well. The diagram below depicts this configuration.
112 System Components and Topologies This configuration can be expanded by locating up to four Text Message Dispatchers and four Location Dispatchers throughout the customer’s Enterprise Network. Up to four installations of each application can be located anywhere on the customer’s LAN, as long as they can communicate with the Application Server. The Dispatcher installation on the Application Server counts as one of the instances of the dispatch software.
System Components and Topologies 113 Presence registration works in the same manner with this configuration as it does with the single channel configuration. When a radio powers up or changes channels, it sends in a registration to the Presence Notifier via the control station, which then informs the applications of the radio’s presence. Each control station has the same radio ID, therefore the field radios transmit their messages to this radio ID regardless of which channel they are on.
114 System Components and Topologies 3.2.1.1.5 GPS Revert in Direct Mode With the addition of the GPS Revert feature, it is now possible to transmit Location Update messages on channels other than the Selected Channel (See “GPS Revert Channel” on page 36 for configuration information). The diagram in Figure 3-15 illustrates this concept in its simplest form while operating in direct mode. In this example, Channel f1 is the Selected Channel and Channel f2 is the GPS Revert Channel.
System Components and Topologies 115 The example in Figure 3-15 illustrates only one GPS Revert Channel. However, depending on the GPS data load, more than one GPS Revert Channel may be needed. For example, a single large group that generates significant Location Update traffic must be sub-divided across several GPS Revert Channels. Each GPS Revert Channel requires a control station, which must be connected to the Application Server PC.
116 System Components and Topologies 3.2.1.
System Components and Topologies 117 MOTOTRBO radios support analog mode as well. In order for the MOTOTRBO radio to communicate with an analog radio, it must be programmed for analog mode, as well as programmed with the same frequency and parameters (for example, PL and DPL) as the analog radio. While in analog mode, the MOTOTRBO radio supports most standard analog features including a subset of MDC signaling features.
118 3.2.2 System Components and Topologies Repeater Mode There are a few reasons why a customer may require a repeater in their system. The first is, if the required coverage area is large, they may require strategically located high power repeaters in order to cover all of their operating space.
System Components and Topologies 119 Most of the basic MOTOTRBO voice and data services work the same in repeater mode as they do in direct mode. The customer will only notice the increased performance and coverage. 3.2.2.
120 System Components and Topologies Repeater operation supports all three methods of voice transmission: group calls, private calls and all calls. They can also fully support all command and control messaging like Call Alert, Radio Check, Radio Enable/Disable, Remote Monitor and Emergency. 3.2.2.1.
System Components and Topologies 121 Text messages can also be sent from radio to radio using a PC attached to the radio. A softwarebased text messaging client will be installed on the PC. These configurations are commonly used in vehicles or on desktops that do not have LAN connections. Since they can run on AC power or off the in-vehicle battery, mobile radios are usually used for these applications, though a portable can also be used.
122 System Components and Topologies 3.2.2.1.2 Telemetry Commands in Repeater Mode Below are some basic telemetry configurations using both time slots of a repeater. A description of each follows.
System Components and Topologies 123 The third basic configuration is a mobile configured on the first time slot, connected to customer supplied external telemetry hardware, detecting a closure that signifies a door has been opened (shown by door in upper right corner). Upon detecting the GPIO pin as active, it sends a telemetry toggle command to another mobile radio on the first time slot.
124 System Components and Topologies and time slot. This allows data applications to simply transmit a data message to the radio and the MCDD takes care of the routing to the correct frequency and time slot. Any channel that supports data and needs to communicate to the Application Server needs a dedicated control station. Below is a diagram of this configuration.
System Components and Topologies 125 control station. Like the Location Dispatch, the Text Message Dispatch application can reside on the Application Server too. As previously described, radios can send text messages to each other without communicating through the Text Message Server. But in order to send and receive text messages to Text Message Dispatchers, the Text Message Server configuration is required.
126 System Components and Topologies On the following page is an example of a server based configuration that supports four data capable time slots with local and remote dispatchers. Note that any mix of external and internal radio Text Message Clients are supported on each channel.
NETWORK NETWORK NETWORK NETWORK Customer Enterprise Network (CEN) NETWORK Application Server Location Dispatch Location Server Text Message Dispatch Text Message S e r ver Presence Notifier MOTOTRBO Control Station (digital mode) MOTOTRBO Control Station (digital mode) MOTOTRBO Control Station (digital mode) USB MOTOTRBO Control Station (digital mode) TX = f3 RX = f4 Sl o t = 2 USB TX = f3 RX = f4 Slot = 1 USB TX = f1 RX = f2 S lot = 2 USB f3s l ita dig 2 f4s 2 1 f3s ita l 1 f4s d
128 System Components and Topologies 3.2.2.1.4 GPS Revert in Repeater Mode With the addition of the GPS Revert feature, it is now possible to transmit Location Update messages on channels other than the Selected Channel (See “GPS Revert Channel” on page 36 for configuration information). The diagram in Figure 3-25 illustrates this concept in its simplest form while operating in repeater mode.
System Components and Topologies 129 The example in Figure 3-25 illustrates only one GPS Revert Channel. However, depending on the GPS data load, more than one GPS Revert Channel may be needed. For example, a single large group that generates significant Location Update traffic must be sub-divided across several GPS Revert Channels. Each GPS Revert Channel requires a control station, which must be connected to the Application Server PC.
130 System Components and Topologies 3.2.2.2 Analog MOTOTRBO Radios in Repeater Mode TX = f2 RX = f1 f1 analog f2 TX = f1 RX = f2 Legacy Analog SU f1 analog f2 Legacy Analog Repeater TX = f1 RX = f2 MOTOTRBO SU (analog mode) Figure 3-26 MOTOTRBO Analog and Legacy Analog Radios on Legacy Analog Repeater MOTOTRBO radios supports analog repeater mode as well.
System Components and Topologies 131 Alternatively, the MOTOTRBO radio user can program his radio to scan between the analog and digital channels to ensure that they do not miss a call. The programming can be done from the keypad of the radio or through CPS. Details of scan will be discussed in the following sections. Below is an example configuration of a mixed repeater mode system.
132 System Components and Topologies • Broadcasting announcements to all sites. This is useful in case of emergency or special events. • Connecting repeaters operating in different RF bands. For example, repeaters operating in UHF (UHF-1 and UHF-2) or VHF frequencies can be combined so that voice or data from one system flows into another. • Connecting to IP-based applications.
System Components and Topologies 133 connecting a local PC and Ethernet is used for connecting to the back-end network of an IP Site Connect system.
134 System Components and Topologies Application Server interfaces with the wide area channels in the same way as it interfaces with the local area channels. This is described in section 3.2.2.1.3 “Server Based Data Applications in Repeater Mode”. 3.2.3.1.2 Wide and Local Area Systems with Distributed Data Application Servers It is possible that one of the logical wide area channels of the repeaters is configured for local communication only.
System Components and Topologies 135 3.2.3.1.3 Multiple Wide Area Systems with Centralized Data Application Server If a customer requires more wide area capacity, then it is possible to add another set of repeaters working in IP Site Connect mode. It is possible for the repeaters to share the same Application Server. This is shown in the figure below. In this case, the repeaters at a location may share the same link to the back-end network.
136 System Components and Topologies 3.2.3.1.4 Network Topologies for IP Site Connect The IP Site Connect topologies described in the previous sections can reside on a range of backend network configurations and technologies. Logical connections between the wide area channels can all reside on the same physical network. The actual network topology chosen will most likely be driven by the repeater’s physical location and the network connectivity available at that location.
System Components and Topologies 137 Only the repeaters acting as Masters will require a local static IPv4 address. The other IP Site Connect devices will utilize this local static IPv4 address to establish their link with the wide area system. IP Site Connect Device Network IP Site Connect Device IP Site Connect Device Local Area Network IP Site Connect Device IP Site Connect Device IP Site Connect Device Figure 3-32 IP Site Connect devices connected through Local Area Network 3.2.3.1.4.
138 System Components and Topologies IP Site Connect does not support dial-up connections (due to small bandwidth) or Satellite Internet access (due to large delay). When utilizing public internet connections, it is important that the system installer understand the bandwidth and delay that each IP Site Connect device requires in order to operate optimally. They must also understand the details (bandwidth and delay) of the network link at each site and between sites.
System Components and Topologies 139 Note that in this drawing the IP Site Connect devices could be in one or more Wide Area Systems (i.e. more than one Master), could contain local area channels or even be an analog repeater, a disabled repeater, or RDAC IP application.
140 System Components and Topologies site is a function of the amount of other sites in the system. Adding a repeater at one site increases the required bandwidth at all sites. Similar to the Wide Area Network configurations, the repeaters acting as the Master will require a publicly accessible static IPv4 address from the Internet Service Provider.
System Components and Topologies 141 The following chapter discusses some of the considerations to take while designing a MOTOTRBO system. It focuses more on how the user uses the system, and the configuration needed to support it. Although a basic system topology may already have been chosen, the next chapter helps dig deeper into how the end user utilizes the system, and therefore gives additional ideas on how it should be configured. 3.2.3.1.
142 System Components and Topologies Notes November, 2008
System Design Considerations 143 SECTION 4 SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 4.1 Purpose This section describes various system configurations readers need to know before deciding how to best support the needs and usage of their customers. It explains the usage supported on a single repeater system, as a guideline for design. It then identifies the customer needs that need to be considered when optimizing system performance.
144 System Design Considerations users communicate with each other in talkaround while the new repeater is being installed. Once the MOTOTRBO repeater is operational, MOTOTRBO radio users switch to digital repeater mode, while legacy analog radio users communicate in talkaround. To migrate a system with two repeater channels, MOTOTRBO radios are programmed with both the current analog channels as well as future digital channels.
System Design Considerations • 145 Voice and Data: 7K60FXE The first four values are defined as the ‘Necessary Bandwidth’. This can be derived from the 99% Energy Rule as defined in Title 47CFR2.989. The next two values are the ‘Modulation Type’ and the ‘Signal Type’. The final value is the ‘Type of Information’ being sent. More information can be found with the region’s frequency coordinating committee.
146 System Design Considerations 4.3.3 Repeater Continuous Wave Identification (CWID) The repeater can be configured to transmit the CWID if required by the region. The CWID is also known as the Base Station ID. The CWID is an analog transmission of the station in Morse code that takes place every 15 minutes. This identification, as well as the transmit interval, can be configured in the repeater using the CPS. 4.
System Design Considerations 147 will act together. It is understandable that not all users will use this profile all the time. These profiles should be used with Figure 4-1 “Number of Users per Slot versus User Experience” to estimate the number of users per channel that yield an acceptable user experience.
148 System Design Considerations their traffic load. A system that operates in the fair level for the majority of the time results in longer wait times and having a significant number of unsuccessful attempts to acquire the channel on the user’s first attempt. These conditions would result in an unsatisfactory level of performance for the end users, even though the system itself is capable of operating in this region.
System Design Considerations 149 the customer back to a good user experience level. Subsequently, adding on low usage data services on both channels will cause minimal impact to performance. 4.4.4 Loading Optimization and Configuration Considerations There are further considerations to take when configuring your MOTOTRBO system to ease the traffic load on a channel.
150 System Design Considerations some of the radios will scan to one slot, and some will scan to the other slot. It is not possible to predict the distribution since all radios are scanning. Also note, that while scanning, the probability of missing a voice header and entering a call “late entry” increases, therefore missed audio may occur.
System Design Considerations 151 10 9 GOOD REGION Location Update Period (Min) 8 7 6 5 4 3 High Voice Usage ( 3 calls per user per hour) 2 Low Voice Usage ( 1 call per user per hour) 1 BAD REGION 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 # of Users per Slot 35 40 45 *on average, 1 in 5 transmissions will be busied Figure 4-2 Number of Users versus Location Update Period The value chosen for the location periodic update rate directly affects scan performance.
152 System Design Considerations It is recommended to not change the default values. If this value is lowered too low, messages may become unreliable when a user is on the system, but will free up some bandwidth if the user is not available. Increasing too high until it is past the default will increase the load on a channel although it may increase the probability of delivering a message. 4.4.4.
System Design Considerations 153 more GPS Revert Channels. Note that this only accounts for loading the first and second factors and assumes registration messaging is evenly spread throughout the day.
154 System Design Considerations Selected Channel features (voice, control and/or data). Care must also be taken to analyze if the Selected Channel can accommodate the anticipated voice traffic for a large number of subscribers.
System Design Considerations 4.5 155 Multiple Digital Repeaters in Standalone Mode Multiple repeaters may be required to provide sufficient RF coverage. Large geographical regions and areas with large natural boundaries (i.e. mountains) are two examples. Also, regions with a large number of subscribers may need additional repeaters to relieve RF congestion.
156 System Design Considerations Issues arise, however, when repeaters operate on common frequencies and have overlapping regions. Figure 4-6 “Multiple Repeaters with Overlap and Common Frequencies” shows that when a radio transmits in a region of overlap, repeaters from both systems retransmit the received signal. Analog radio systems often use PL/DPL to resolve these types of problems.
System Design Considerations 157 Color codes are assigned as channel attributes on the radios, allowing a single radio to communicate with multiple sites each having a uniquely defined color code. 4.5.3 Additional Considerations for Color Codes The total number of available color codes per frequency is 16. From a radio user’s perspective the color code is similar in nature to a Group ID. However, it should not be used for this purpose.
158 System Design Considerations 4.6 Multiple Digital Repeaters in IP Site Connect Mode The main problem with the standalone configuration of multiple digital repeaters is that a radio at a site can participate only in the calls that originate at that site. The IP Site Connect configuration removes this restriction and allows a radio to participate in a call originating at any site. In IP Site Connect configuration, repeaters communicate among themselves using a back-end wire line network.
System Design Considerations 159 channel. This is not a desirable situation. A way to avoid this situation is to ensure that all the (frequencies, color code) pairs of all the overlapping systems are unique. F1 up F2 down F1 up IP Site Connect System 2 F3 up CC = 5 Site 1 F2 down F1 up F4 down F7 up CC = 4 Site 2 F8 down F2 down F3 up CC = 5 F4 down Site 3 Figure 4-9 Example of Two IP Site Connect Systems with Overlapping Coverage Areas 4.6.
160 System Design Considerations The Master’s IPv4/UDP address refers to its address as seen from the back-end network. Note that a firewall/NAT may translate the address in customer network into another address in the back-end network. An IP Site Connect device registers its IPv4/UDP address during power-on and upon a change in its IPv4/UDP address with the Master. The Master notifies to all the IP Site Connect devices whenever the IPv4 address of an IP Site Connect device changes.
System Design Considerations 161 A repeater operates in multiple modes such as disabled, locked, knocked down, enabled and analog, enabled and digital with voice/data or control services, and single or multiple site operation for each slot. The repeater informs the Master whenever its mode of operation changes and the Master informs to all the other IP Site Connect devices. This allows the IP Site Connect system to adapt its operation when the mode changes.
162 System Design Considerations such as Arbitration Interval and Call Hang Times in repeaters and Ack Wait times in radios. For proper functioning of an IP Site Connect system, all the repeaters and radios should have the same delay setting. It is recommended that propagation and handling delays between repeaters should be measured (e.g. by “pinging”) between all pairs of repeaters.
System Design Considerations 163 to Radio Data messaging or RDAC commands may not be successful on the first attempt, or may be dropped all together. In general, the quality of service may suffer if substantial bandwidth is not available. Note that for most Internet Service Providers, the uplink bandwidth is the limiting factor. The downlink bandwidth is usually multiple factors above the uplink bandwidth.
164 System Design Considerations one RDAC is present, repeater authentication is enabled, and Secure VPN is not being utilized in the routers.
System Design Considerations 165 To help demonstrate the use of the above equation on a more complicated IP Site Connect system, take the following example system shown in the diagram below. This system has six total IP Site Connect devices at three sites; five repeaters and one RDAC. Three of the repeaters have both channels configured as wide area, one has a wide area channel and a local channel, and the last repeater has two local channels. The routers are not utilizing Secure VPN.
166 System Design Considerations Total Number of IP Site Connect Peers* 5 x 6 kbps = 30 kbps If Master, Total Number of IP Site Connect Peers* 5 x 3 kbps = 15 kbps 55 kbps – – 175 kbps RDAC Traffic + Required Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth * Peer does not include self.
System Design Considerations 167 4.6.3.2.4.2Required Bandwidth Calculations While Utilizing a Secure Virtual Private Network As was discussed in previous chapters, peer-to-peer communications over the network are optionally authenticated and are also encrypted end-to-end if enabled in the radios. See “Voice and Data Privacy” on page 62. If this is not considered sufficient for a particular customer, IP Site Connect supports the ability to work through a Secure Virtual Private Network (VPN).
168 4.6.4 System Design Considerations Flow of Voice/Data/Control Messages The flow of voice/data/control messages from a radio to its repeater for an IP Site Connect configuration is the same as that of single-site configuration of MOTOTRBO system.
System Design Considerations 169 GPS data as the data link layer acknowledgement over the back-end network is slower due to delays associated with the back-end network. 4.6.5 Security Considerations The single site configuration of MOTOTRBO offers two types of privacy mechanisms over the air Basic Privacy and Enhanced Privacy. See “Voice and Data Privacy” on page 62. The IP Site Connect configuration not only supports both the mechanisms, but also extends them over the back-end network.
170 System Design Considerations • If other network devices are present on the same IP network as the IP Site Connect devices, it is good practice to setup Quality of Service (QoS) rules in the Internet Router. This ensures that the IP Site Connect packets have priority over other traffic on the system. Not doing this could cause audio performance degradation or lost transmissions when other devices on the system are excessively utilizing the network. There are various methods routers use to provide QoS.
System Design Considerations 4.6.7 171 Considerations for Shared Use of a Channel To take care of shared use of a physical channel, a repeater (e.g. green repeater) of an IP Site Connect system always monitor its Rx frequency and does not transmit if the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) from radio(s) of some other radio system is greater than a configurable threshold.
172 System Design Considerations GPIO lines with “Transmit Inhibit”. This arrangement is also applicable to single-site repeaters. The figure below shows the transmission of red repeater interfering with the green repeater. Interfering Signal F1 F2 F2 Figure 4-13 An Example of Interference at Transmit Frequency 4.6.
System Design Considerations 173 The Radio IP address used for this connection is programmed into the MOTOTRBO radio in the network settings of the CPS. The Accessory IP value is not editable in the CPS. It will be updated based on the Radio IP. The first 3 octets are the same as the radio IP, the last octet will be the Radio IP value + 1 (for example, if the Radio IP is 192.168.10.1, the Accessory IP will be automatically updated to 192.168.10.2).
174 System Design Considerations 4.7.1.2 Radio to Air Interface Network Connectivity The MOTOTRBO radio must have an IP address to communicate with the MOTOTRBO network and other radios. The radio and the system uses the Individual Radio ID and CAI Network Address to construct its Radio Network IP to ensure uniqueness. The Individual Radio ID is found in the General Settings section of the radio CPS, and the CAI Network Address is found in the Network Settings section.
System Design Considerations 175 Unit ID = 05000032 Convert to Hexadecimal = 4C4B60 Separate into 8 bit sections = 4C, 4B, 60 Each 8 bit section represents 1 octet of the IP address Convert each section into decimal = 76, 75, 96 Assemble IP address from conversion above = 12.A.B.C where A = The first 8 bit section in decimal format. In this example, A = 76 B = The second 8 bit section in decimal format. In this example B = 75 C = The third 8 bit section in decimal format.
176 System Design Considerations table would show the 12.0.47.13 traffic being routed to Radio IP of 192.168.10.1. This is the common configuration for MOTOTRBO radios that are not connected to an external Mobile Client. Mobile Client on a PC MOTOTRBO Radio 12. 0.47.13 192 .168.10.1 USB 13. 0.47.13 12.0.47.13 192 .168.10.1 13.0.47.13 192 .168.10.2 192 .168.10.2 Network Address Translation Radio ID = 12045 Radio IP = 192.168 .10.1 Accessory IP = 192.168 .10.2 Radio IP Netmask = 255 .255.255 .
System Design Considerations 177 channel. Although this Radio ID of the control stations can be any valid Individual ID, they must be unique, and not duplicate any non-Control Station radio ID. The suggested Radio ID for the Control Stations is 16448250 which converts to an easy to remember IP address of 12.250.250.250 and 13.250.250.250. Since this Radio ID is so large, it is unlikely to be duplicated on other radios.
178 System Design Considerations 4.7.1.4 Control Station Considerations Because the control stations connected to the Application Server act as the data gateway for the system, the control stations themselves do not require an Automatic Registration Service (ARS) IP and the Text Message Server IP to be specified in their CPS Network settings. These fields should be left blank. In addition, the control stations should also have the ARS and GPS options disabled.
System Design Considerations 179 stations to an Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) and are never powered off and on while radios are registered with the Presence Notifier. During the registration process with the Presence Notifier, the SU is instructed to refresh its registration at a specific time interval. The default time interval is 4 hours, though this is a configurable parameter in the Presence Notifier.
180 System Design Considerations 4.7.1.7 MOTOTRBO Subject Line Usage A MOTOTRBO Text Message is comprised of three parts: A subject line, subject line delimiter and body. The subject line delimiter is a carriage return (Unicode code point U+000D) and line feed (Unicode code point U+000A) character pair (CRLF). Therefore, anything up to the first CRLF within the Message is interpreted as the subject line and anything after the first CRLF is interpreted as the body.
192.168.0.4 Application Dispatcher 2 192.168.0.3 Application Dispatcher 1 Internet (E-mail) 192.168.0.250 192.168.0.200 Switch/Hub *CEN Configuration shown is only an example Customer Enterprise Network (CEN) 192.168.0.1 DHCP Server 32.1.1.0 Router 12.250.250.250 13.250.250.250 192.168.11.2 12.250.250.250 13.250.250.250 12.250.250.250 13.250.250.250 13.250.250.250 192.168.13.2 13.250.250.250 192.168.14.2 Radio ID = 16448250 Radio IP = 192.168.14.1 Accessory IP = 192.168.14.
182 System Design Considerations 4.7.1.9 Application Server Network Connection Considerations Besides being connected to the radio network via the control station(s), the Application Server may also be connected to another network such as the Internet. When operating under these conditions, it is important to consider the following: • Disable all protocol support except for TCP/IP.
System Design Considerations 183 • Assigning groups to the radios issued to personnel. • Assigning groups to the dispatcher control positions. • Assigning groups to channels and slots. • Defining the feature subsets available to the personnel using the radios and dispatcher control positions. A fleetmap determines how the radio communications for each user group of an organization is controlled.
184 System Design Considerations • List all of the potential radio users in a single column on a spreadsheet • Define the functional groups that use the system • Group together radio users who need to communicate with each other on a regular basis Typically, each functional group of radios will have different communication requirements. Therefore, each functional group will have their own codeplug for their radios that differs from other functional groups. Codeplug construction.ctb security.
System Design Considerations 185 When organizing your MOTOTRBO system, remember that individual users, radios, and groups all have different requirements. Subsequently, they also have different parameters associated with them. Organize the radios, groups and slot assignments in a spreadsheet. An example is shown below.
186 System Design Considerations 2. In the “RX Group Lists” folder, add a new group list, and then add the Group Call you just created to be a member of the list. The group list controls which groups a radio will hear when tuned to a selected channel.
System Design Considerations 187 Option B: The radio ID can be created so that each ID will provide certain information about the radio. Each digit in the Radio ID can represent a certain code or radio type. For example: 16776415 Range 0-9999.Sequence Number Range 0-6. 0 - Reserved 1- MOTOTRBO Portable 2 - MOTOTRBO Mobile 3 - Analog Portable 4 - Analog Mobile 5 - Reserved Other options are to use a digit to identify the user’s home group or other identifier.
188 System Design Considerations An example of a spreadsheet showing a possible radio ID and alias database is shown below: Functional Group User Name Alias Unit ID Talks with Listens only to Construction John John 1873 Construction, Transport Security Construction Bob Bob 1835 Construction, Transport Security Construction Rick Rick 542 Construction, Transport Security Security Al Al 98 Security, Administrative - Security Joe Joe 4762 Security, Administrative - Administ
System Design Considerations 4.8.5 189 Determining Which Channel Operates in Repeater Mode or Direct Mode Repeater Mode enables unit-to-unit communications using the repeater. Direct Mode enables unitto-unit communications without using the repeater. Each channel on the radio is programmed to be either a Direct Mode channel or a Repeater Mode channel via the CPS.
190 System Design Considerations an alphanumeric alias. Similarly, a radio can place a private call to any other radio by utilizing the “manual dialing” option in the radio’s menu, however in this case the user must know the Radio ID of the called party. 4.8.6.3 All Call In MOTOTRBO systems, capabilities for All Calls are configured via the subscriber (portable and mobile) CPS. The repeater does not require any specific configuration with respect to All Calls.
System Design Considerations 4.8.6.6 191 Radio Check In MOTOTRBO systems, Radio Check is configured in the portable and mobile radio CPS. To allow a radio the ability to initiate this function, this option must be enabled in the CPS “Menu” settings. All MOTOTRBO radios decode and respond to a Radio Check. 4.8.6.7 Call Alert In MOTOTRBO systems, Call Alert is configured in the portable and mobile radio CPS.
192 System Design Considerations An Acknowledging Supervisor is the user specifically identified to respond to received emergency situations. This user’s radio provides an indication that an Emergency Alarm has been received, and provides an indication that an Emergency Call is taking place. In addition to the indications, this user’s radio is responsible for transmitting an acknowledgement to the Emergency Initiator.
System Design Considerations 193 means that each group is required to have a designated supervisor whose responsibility is to handle emergency situations. Because emergency alarms do not traverse slots or channels, there would need to be one (and only one) supervisor designated for each group on every channel and slot. Multiple Monitoring Supervisors could be configured to monitor for emergency alarms without sending acknowledgements to stop the Emergency Initiator’s retries.
194 System Design Considerations radio could be configured to operate differently based on the selected channel. There are four Digital Emergency Systems available. This means that one radio can be configured to revert to four different channels, depending on the configuration of the Digital Emergency System that is assigned to the selected channel.
System Design Considerations 195 LOCATION2. The TX/RX frequency, the GPS Transmission Channel and the Emergency Revert Channel for each of the four configured channels are listed in the table below. GROUP 1 LOCATION 1 EMERGENCY LOCATION 2 Transmit/Receive Frequencies F1 F2 F3 F4 GPS Transmission Channel LOCATION 1 None LOCATION 2 None Emergency Revert Channel EMERGENCY None None None 4.8.7.5.
196 System Design Considerations Channel. (Note: The channels are defined in the table in the previous section). The following describes the sequence of events. 1. The SU switches from the Selected Channel, f1, to the Emergency Revert Channel, f3. From here the SU transmits the Emergency Alarm and waits for the acknowledgement. While waiting for the acknowledgement, the Emergency Location Update is held in queue. 2.
System Design Considerations 197 1. The SU switches from the Selected Channel, f1, to the Emergency Revert Channel, f3. From here the SU transmits the Emergency Alarm and waits for the acknowledgement. While waiting for the acknowledgement, the Emergency Location Update is held in queue. 2. Once the acknowledgement is received, the SU switches to the Emergency Revert’s GPS Revert Channel, f4, and then transmits the Emergency Location Update. 3.
198 System Design Considerations 4.8.7.5.3 Emergency Alarm with Voice to Follow f1 f3 Presence Presence (Emg.) f1 GPS Location Request (Emg.) f1 MOTOTRBO Control Station (digital mode) f2 f3 1 MOTOTRBO SU (digital mode) Emg. Alarm/Voice e ns R n tio ca USB ca tio nR es es po MOTOTRBO SU (digital mode) Lo TX=f 2 RX=f 2 USB f3 Lo MOTOTRBO Control Station (digital mode) TX=f 3 RX=f 3 f3 Location Request USB 4 f4 MOTOTRBO Control Station (digital mode) po ns e( Em g.
System Design Considerations 199 This configuration in Figure 4-20 “Emergency Alarm with Voice to Follow and GPS Revert Interaction Diagram” is useful when a system needs to simultaneously support multiple emergency calls from multiple groups on a single Emergency Revert Channel. The placement of emergency calls on the Emergency Revert Channel and the location updates on a different channel significantly increases both emergency voice throughput and Location Update throughput while in the emergency state.
200 System Design Considerations organize them into multiple zones in the CPS, so that they can be accessed as “zones” in the radio menu. From the radio menu, the user can navigate to the “zones” icon, select it, and switch to a different zone. When in the different zone, the 16 position selector knob/switch is now programmed with that zone’s channels and call types. It is recommended that the Zone should be given aliases that can be understood by the end user. 4.
System Design Considerations 201 have the Mixed with Audio BSI enabled. This results in only Mixed with Audio BSI being sent in scenarios where the repeater is keyed for two minutes. If the Exclusive BSI Timer is enabled, and the Mixed with Audio BSI is disabled, it is possible that during periods of heavy use, the BSI will not be generated within the configured time period. For analog, it is recommended that the Mixed with Audio BSI is enabled at all times.
202 System Design Considerations • If group data is to be supported on a system, the inclusion of preambles should be added to minimize the occurrence of the group data message being missed while an SU is on the GPS Revert Channel. • Avoid situations where a large number of subscribers are powered on in a relatively short period of time as this causes a flood of registration messages that impacts the voice quality of service on the Selected Channel during the registration process.
System Design Considerations 4.12 203 Configurable Timers The following is a list of timers that are used to synchronize communication in the radio system. The values of these timers can be configured through the CPS. Timer Name Description Notes Preamble is a string of bits added in front of a data message or control message (Text Messaging, Location Messaging, Registration, Radio Check, Private Call, etc.) before transmission.
204 System Design Considerations Timer Name Subscriber Inactivity Timer Group Call Hang Time Private Call Hang Time Emergency Call Hang Time November, 2008 Description Notes The Subscriber Inactivity Timer (SIT) controls how long the repeater will continue transmitting with absence of subscriber activity on the uplink. If the repeater is operating on shared-use frequencies, it cannot remain keyed indefinitely for the benefit of broadcasting synchronization signals to subscriber units.
System Design Considerations Timer Name 205 Description Notes Call Hang Time Sets the duration the repeater will reserve the channel for after the end of an analog call transmission. During this time, only members of the call that the channel is reserved for can transmit. This produces smoother conversation. As this hang timer is shared among all types of analog calls (Group, Private, Emergency etc.), the duration should be set following the call type that needs the longest hang time.
206 System Design Considerations Timer Name Description Notes Auto Mute Duration Sets the duration that the radio remains muted when the radio is receiving Motorola Data Communication (MDC) signaling data to reduce noise from the data reception. The user has to know the size of the data to select a suitable duration. If the duration is too short then some unwanted noise will still be heard, and if the duration is too long, it might clip some voice audio.
System Design Considerations Timer Name Priority Sample Time 207 Description Notes Sets the duration that the radio waits, when in a call, before scanning the priority channels. If the call is taking place on a Priority 1 Channel, no scanning will take place. When scanning priority channels, the radio briefly mutes the current transmission.
208 System Design Considerations Notes November, 2008
Sales and Service Support Tools 209 SECTION 5 SALES AND SERVICE SUPPORT TOOLS 5.1 Purpose This module introduces the standard system layout, identifying each component’s role in servicing the system features listed in Module 2. This module is to help the reader understand what devices are needed to support a particular system feature. It will also display the building blocks of the system from a subscriber only system to a mixed mode multi-repeater, data capable system. 5.
210 Description Sales and Service Support Tools Characteristics Service Monitor Can be used as a substitute for items marked with an asterisk (*) Example Application Aeroflex 2975 (www.aeroflex.com), Motorola R2670, or equivalent Frequency/deviation meter and signal generator for wide-range troubleshooting and alignment Digital RMS Multimeter* 100 µV to 300 V 5 Hz to 1 MHz 10 Meg Ohm Impedance Fluke 179 or equivalent (www.fluke.com) AC/DC voltage and current measurements.
Sales and Service Support Tools 211 5.4 Documentation and Trainings 5.4.1 MOTOTRBO Documentation The following items listed are documentation provided by Motorola to support the entire range of products available in the MOTOTRBO system. Motorola Part No. Name GMLN4575D MOTOTRBO Publications CD 6866574D01 DP 340x Quick Reference Guide (Multilingual) 6866574D05 DP 340x User Guide 6866574D02 DP 360x Quick Reference Guide (Multilingual).
212 5.4.2 Sales and Service Support Tools MOTOTRBO Trainings Motorola offers both Sales and Systems (technical) training courses on the MOTOTRBO system.
