TereScope700 and TereScope800 Wireless Optical Communication Links Models TS700/155, TS700/100, TS800/155 User Manual
WIRELESS OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS User Manual Document Number ML48237, Rev. 01 December 2004 MRV Communications, Inc. Web site: www. mrv.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Table of Contents STANDARDS Standards Compliance ............................................................................ i FCC Notice ............................................................................................... i CE Mark ................................................................................................... i Other Standards ...............................................................
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l CHAPTER 3 - INFRASTRUCTURE Power ...................................................................................................... 19 Data/Signal Cabling .............................................................................. 19 CHAPTER 4 - BENCH TEST TS700/155, TS800/155, and TS800/155-F............................................ 21 TS700/100 ...................................................................
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Standards Standards Compliance UL 1950; CSA 22.2 No 950; FCC Part 15 Class B; CE-89/336/EEC, 73/23/EEC FCC Notice WARNING: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Other Standards 1. CISPR 22: 1993 AS/NZS 3548: 1995, Class B Joint Amendment No. 1: 1997, Joint Amendment No. 2: 1997 2. EN 60950+A1+A2+A3+A4+A11 ACA TS001-1997 AS/NZS 3260: 1993 A4: 1997 3. ITU G.703, G.704, G.706,G.736, G.737, G.738, G739, G740, G.775, G.823.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l About this User Manual Audience This manual is intended for the user who wishes to install, operate, manage and troubleshoot the TereScope700 and TereScope800.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Safety Requirements All requirements stipulated in the safety laws of the country of installation must be abided by when installing the TereScopes. Caution! In addition, ensure that the requirements noted in this chapter are met in order to reduce risk of electrical shock and fire and to maintain proper operation. Before Installing Power: Ensure that all power to the TereScope is cut off.
M R V • • C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l casual passersby. Examples of restricted locations are: sides of buildings at sufficient heights, restricted rooftops, and telephone poles. This definition of a restricted location is in accordance with the proposed IEC 60825-I Part 12 requirements. Avoid using controls, adjustments, or procedures other than those specified herein as they may result in hazardous radiation exposure.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Introduction CAREFULLY READ THE ENTIRE MANUAL BEFORE INSTALLING A n InfraRed (IR) link allows connection without any cable between two distant sites. For that, two identical transceivers, each installed on one site and aligned to face each other, provide point-to-point connectivity.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Chapter 1 The Product Caution! When handling the TereScope, take special care not to damage the polycarbonate window! Models Table 1: Models of the TereScope1 Models Part Number Description TS700/155 TS155/A/YUW/VS TereScope700 for 1-155 Mbps connectivity up to a distance of 320 m. TS800/155* TS155/C2/YUW/VS TereScope800 for 1-155 Mbps connectivity up to a distance of 800 m + Fusion option.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l 3 (for 1310 nm) 5 (for 1550 nm) ‘W’ represents connector type. Instead of W use one of the following: C (for SC) T (for ST) ‘TX’ represents 100Base-TX with RJ45 connector ‘V’ represents existence/absence of Fusion. Instead of V use one of the following: V designates no built-in Fusion option. F designates built-in Fusion option (only in TS800). ‘S’ represents power supply type.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l 2. Back All models of the TereScope are SNMP manageable. SNMP monitoring can be performed using MRV’s MegaVision SNMP management application. A. TS700/155 (Standard Model) The TS700 supports Fast Ethernet, OC3, STM1, E3, and T3 protocols in the 34155 Mbps range.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Back Panel Description Table 2: TS700/155 Standard Model Back Panel Controls, Interfaces, and Indicators Connectors Selectors (DIP Switch Toggles) -shown in Figure 1.3 Power Fiber optic Management (Optional) Mode of Operation IP address set up (for Mgt. option) Data Rate Indicators (7-segment display, LEDs) Power source Terminal Block (Main or UPS) Fiber Optic interface for connection to the peripheral equipment.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l B. TS800/155 Standard Model The TS800/155 supports most of the prevalent protocols in the 34-155 Mbps range. Support for a special protocol, which is not on the list, can be ordered after coordination with the factory. This model can be used for Open Protocol applications which ensures complete transparency (including all data in the range of 1-155 Mbps.) In this case, a maximum 2 dB of the power budget is lost.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Back Panel Description Table 3: TS800/155 Standard Model Back Panel Controls, Interfaces, and Indicators Connectors Selectors (DIP Switch Toggles) -shown in Figure 1.3 Power Fiber optic Management (Optional) Mode of Operation IP address set up (for Mgt.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n Optical Power 7segment display Remote Loop LED M a n u a l Digital readout indicates the Optical Power level received by the Airlink receiver. Yellow LED. Turns ON as the REMOTE LOOP Operating Mode is selected. Yellow LED. Turns ON as the LOOPBACK Operating Mode is selected. Loopback LED Alignment Telescope For fine alignment. Power Power Supply AC power supply (100 to 240 Vac) or DC power supply (24 to 60 Vdc) C.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , That’s what happens when the air channel is interrupted. TS I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l TS IR = 100 Mbps Main F/O F/O Main Redundant RF Transceiver RF Transceiver RF = 2-10 Mbps F/O 10 Base-T STP F/O Redundant Switch 10/100 Base-T MC 10/100TX-100FX Media Converter Network Network 10 Base-T STP Figure 1.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Fusion Maximizing Link Availability in All Weather Conditions. The TereScope Fusion was designed to combine the best features of two transport mediums, laser light and radio waves, to form a single, seamless, wireless communication link between network devices. By leveraging both technologies, we can provide the 99.999% availability that your network requires. Protocol: Frequency: 10Base-T (IEEE 802.1 1 b) 2.4 - 2.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l D. TS700/100 - Fast-Ethernet System 100Base-T AIR RX NOT IN POWER USE LINK LINK MANAGEMENT DATA DATA USE COPPER CONDUCTORS ONLY LOW VOLT. HIGH VOLT. OPTICAL POWER +/~ G -/~ L G N TORQUE VALUE 7 Lb-Inch 100Base-T Rx 1-2 3-6 MDI-X Switch Mode of Position 2 UP Local Loopback DOWN Normal Ip Address PoE Connection 3 + 4&5 - 7&8 TELESCOPE Default IP MRV 1762312 Figure 1.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , Indicators (7-segment display, LEDs) I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Air RX Link LED Green LED indicates data received by the Airlink receiver. Turns ON at the threshold level. Air RX, Data LED Optical Power 7segment display Yellow LED blinking indicates Data transfer via the Airlink receiver to the interface. Green LED indicates Data received by the 100Base-T receiver. Turns ON when connected to peripheral equipment.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Typical Connection 1 - Fiber Connection In order to implement a connection, each transceiver must be connected to the peripheral/testing equipment through fiber optic cables. A correct connection is indicated by the display on the back panel of the transceiver (see the section Display and Results pages 28 and 29).
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Chapter 2 Site Survey The first step before every installation is to visit the sites to be linked. in order to make sure that the connection is feasible, to find out potential obstacles or difficulties and to decide on the location and mounting points of the transceivers. Line of Sight A necessary condition for linking two distant buildings is that the two mounting sites must be within clear sight of each other.
M R V (1) In case such situations cannot be avoided, special mounting accessories and techniques must be designed and considered (see section Particular Figure Cases\Techniques page 35) % C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , Prefer Concrete Parapet Structural wall or column I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Avoid Old constructions Soft material (asphalt, etc.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l TereScope at edge of roof so that heat rising from roof surface does not affect beam Beam path more than 4.5 m (15 ft) above surface to avoid traffic and rising heat. Figure 2.2: Acceptable Mounting Figure 2.3 shows an unrecommended TereScope link location because of interference by IR. Notice that the TereScopes are mounted far from the rooftop edges or are too close to the ground. TereScope not at edge of roof.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Figure 2.4: Unacceptable Mounting Mounting Environment & Stability 1. When deciding the mounting location, you should look on the rooftop for vibration sources such as compressors, elevators, motors, and try to avoid them. 2. Photograph the mounting location so as to select the best mounting option. Figure 2.5 shows mounting locations on a rooftop in descending order of preference.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l 3. Avoid surfaces with high reflectivity (e.g., white walls) behind the TereScope so as to reduce interference with the optical signal. 4. Get customer approval for the exact positions where the TereScopes will be mounted. Using paint, mark these positions. 5. Note the height that each TereScope will be above or aside the rooftop. 6.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – Figure 2.10: Extended Wall Mounting (using JMP-L and MO62C) I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Figure 2.11: Angle Bracket Mounting (using JMP-L and M001) Transmitting through a Window 1. Determine the number of surfaces the beam transits or is reflected from, the reflectivity of each surface, and condensation/precipitation collection areas. 2. Use the data below to determine whether the light beam attenuation is acceptable.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Chapter 3 Infrastructure ! The only infrastructure required for operating the transceiver and linking the sites is Power and Data/Signal connection to the peripheral networking equipment. This must be ready prior to the airlink installation. IN OUTDOOR INSTALLATIONS, USE SHIELDED AND WEATHERPROOF MATERIALS (CABLES, INLETS, CONNECTORS) COMPLIANT TO THE SAFETY STANDARD IN FORCE.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l A simple power loss test can inform us about the condition of the fibers. This test consists in measuring (with an optical power meter) the output power at one end of the tested fiber when a fiber source is connected at the other end. If the values are in dBm, the difference between the input power and the output power gives the power attenuation of the fiber (in dB).
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Chapter 4 Bench Test It is always easier and more convenient to locate a failure and solve a problem in a lab on a bench than on a roof under bad conditions. Accordingly, it is strongly recommended to perform a bench test with all the modules prior to installation in order to check the equipment compatibility and to validate the configuration. See Unpacking Instructions in Appendix C.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Table 5: DIP Switch Setting for TereScope TS700/155 OFF ON 4,5 – 4,5 – Function Fast Ethernet ATM/OC3/STM1: 155 Mbps SMPTE 143 Mbps E3:34.368 Mbps T3:44.736 OC1/STMO:51.
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M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Configuration 5: (Applicable to all models) Whole configuration operating test for all models Peripheral/ Testing Equipment Peripheral/ Testing Equipment STP cable STP cable IR link Or F/O Cable Or F/O Cable TereScope TereScope Display and Results 1. TS700/155, TS800/155 & TS800/155-F Proper Display 1.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Chapter 5 Installation This chapter shows how to mount the TereScope and and accessories at the site (see Appendix D for the required material). % See Unpacking Instructions in Appendix C. CAUTION: TereScope must be mounted in the horizontal position only; max angle 45o Accessories The standard mounting accessories are supplied with the transceivers (TereScope heads) in the kit.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l H (x5) I (not visible) Aiming Head B C D (x4) A E Rear Door G (x4) J F JMP Figure 5.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l L: Fine Alignment Locking Nuts (x4) Fig. 5.3: Aiming Head + JMP Fig. 5.4: Mounting kit Fig. 5.5: Grounding Screw Fig. 5.6: Alignment Screws and locking nuts Fig. 5.7: Alignment Screws – Left View The Installer Tool Kit (JITK-L) JITK: Installer Tool Kit The JITK-L tool kit includes the work tools required for opening and closing nuts and screws of the TereScope for optimal installation.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Mounting 1- Attachment of the Transceiver (TereScope Head) The TereScope Head, Aiming Head, and JMP are shipped connected to one another. Before mounting, the JMP must first be detached and connected to the fixation surface. Next, the TereScope Head and Aiming Head can be mounted. If the TereScope head is to be detached (e.g., for servicing), remove the four ‘G’ screws (Fig 5.10). Figure 5.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l 2- Accessories Figure 5.12: JMP on the fixation surface THE JMP SHOULD BE ORIENTED IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE GROUNDING SCREW IS LOCATED % ON THE BACK (CLOSE TO THE INSTALLER) AND THE FRONT FACING THE OPPOSITE SITE. Special Mounting Mounting on the floor In some cases the only place where the installation is acceptable, possible, or authorized is on the floor.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Chapter 6 Aiming Procedure Point to point connections require the orientation face to face of both “transceiving” ends of the link. Concerning wireless optical links, this should be done as accurately as possible in order to position the beam symmetrically all around the remote receiver. Powering on the TereScope 1 – Make sure that the power cable is disconnected from the electrical power source.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Transceiver Alignment General Point-to-point connections require face-to-face orientation of both transceiving ends of the link. With wireless optical links, the beam spot should be positioned symmetrically on the remote receiver, as accurately as possible. Successful installation of the TereScope depends primarily on precise and accurate optical alignment.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l 3. While looking (see note below) through the telescope, rotate and tilt the TereScope to bring the telescope crosshairs on the left side (your right side) of the opposite TereScope. Fig. 6.9: Telescope crosshair on the opposite TereScope 4. Tighten the four horizontal coarse aiming screws (screws D) and 2 vertical coarse aiming screws (screws F) by applying a torque less than 20 Newtonmeter.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Fine Alignment Vertical Motion Screws – Two screws. Used for fine rotation of the TereScope in the vertical plane. Both screws are required to lock the TereScope in a vertical position. Fine Alignment Horizontal Motion Screws – Two screws. Used for fine rotation of the TereScope in the horizontal plane. Both screws are required to lock the TereScope in a horizontal position.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l V1 H1 H2 V2 Figure 6.14: Final position after the vertical aiming Once the central position is reached, firmly tighten the 4 Fine Alignment Locking Nuts (Nuts L). ' Repeat this procedure interchanging roles with the second installer at the opposite site, i.e., the second installer will move the remote transceiver while the first installer will report the digital readout at his end).
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Before Closing the Rear Door 1. Ensure that the Power Supply Cover is fastened in place. 2. All cables are properly held in position. Visual Inspection Visually check that all parts and cables are connected. Installation Completion Check that the heads appear as shown in the photographs below. Fig. 6.15: Mounted TereScope – Right View Fig. 6.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n Fig. 6.17: Mounted TereScope – Back View Fig. 6.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Chapter 7 Maintenance Periodic Visits Periodic visits (every three/six months, depending on the installation environment) should be planned for: ' • Checking the display • Checking the mounting • Cleaning the optical aperture of the transceivers • Cleaning the building windows for indoors installations. At cleaning time, the reading of the digital readout should be noted in a service log book.
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M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , Priliminary Receiver Interface Rate @ 3dB/km @ 5dB/km @ 10dB/km @ 17dB/km @ 30dB/km Minimum Range Bit Error Rate MTBF Light source Wavelength Total Output power Beam divergence Detector Field of view Sensitivity Type (1) Power Supply Mechanical Design Diagnostics Indicators / Selectors M a n u a l Fast Ethernet, ATM, OC3,STM1, SMPTE, E3, T3, OC1/STM0 & Open Protocol Connectors Wavelength Output power Receiver Operating range Environmental Information I n s t a l
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Digital Readout vs. Distance APPENDIX B These tables are only intended to give you an idea of what digital readout you could expect according to the distance to link. D= Distance [m] R= Reading (Digital readout) TS700/155 D 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 R 560 520 420 360 300 240 180 140 120 100 Actual reading may be greater or up to 15% lower.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Unpacking Instructions for TereScope APPENDIX C The TereScope is shipped pre-assembled. See fig.C2 Fig C.1: TereScope as is k d 1. Unpack all the accessories. 2. Remove the JMP by undoing the four ‘D’ screws shown in Fig: C2.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , APPENDIX D I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Tool Kit, Equipment, and Materials TOOLS 1. Electric drill (impact for masonry), reversible, with speed control and 0-13mm chuck 2. Drills set High Speed Steel (HSS) 3-13mm. 3. Concrete carbide .bit drills 6,8,9 and 10mm (regular and long shank). 4. Adjustable (crescent) wrench 6”, 10”. 5. Open-ring wrenches (spanners), standard and metric. 6. Vice grip pliers 10-12” 7.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l A LIST OF THE TOOLS SUPPLIED BY MRV COMMUNICATIONS WITH EVERY TereScope HEAD Description Qty Where to use a. WRENCH #8 for Aiming Head, (M5 nut) 1 L: Aiming Head , Fine Alignment locking nuts b. WRENCH #10 (M5 Hexa. Screws) 1 D: Screws for locking Aiming Head to JMP c. BALLDRIVER L, WRENCH 5mm for Allen Screw M6 1 F: Screws for Vertical coarse Aiming and locking Vertical motion d.
M R V APPENDIX E C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l TereScopes Bench Test Procedure Introduction All TS Products are bench tested indoors prior to outdoor installation to ensure that the system is fully functional. The bench test is a simple procedure whereby a link pair is aligned on the table and activated to simulate a channel of communication (see fig.1). 2 Points to Remember 1. Since the link distance during the bench test is very short (i.e.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l In the 8” setup, the two devices are not centrally aligned; instead, only one corner of each device faces the opposite device. This allows for testing each transmitter separately. By rotating the devices 45 degrees, the next pair of transmitters is tested. Hence, testing all 6 transmitters in the link pair requires only 3 rotations. With opaque masking tape, cover all transmitters that are not under test.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Figure E.2b: Bench Test setup drawing for 10” TS model. Note that one device is higher than the other and shifted over to the side so that only one transmitter from each device is facing opposite the other device’s receiver. Telescopes Figure E.3: Active Transmitters (Shown Darkened).
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , APPENDIX F I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Effect of Wind on Terescopes Introduction The outdoor environment in which our devices are normally placed exposes the link to wind pressures that may affect the accuracy of the link’s alignment.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , Appendix G I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l FSO Chaining What is Chaining? The Chaining of FSO is required when the two sites are connected by more than one link using at least one additional building as a mid-point.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Indirect Chaining Indirect Chaining is required for connecting FSO units not including clock recovery circuits. In cases of indirect connectivity, the connection between the two FSO units on the same roof must be done through the Switch or Router or another means of connection that is located inside the building. For example, in Fig. 2, we use the indoor switch in building C for the chaining. A C Fig. G.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l FSO products & Chaining Product series Chaining No of chained links TS3000G (1Gbps) TS1000G (1 Gbps) TS 622 (622 Mbps) Indirect 3-4 TS155-PI (10-155 Mbps) Indirect 3-4 TS155-PS (34-155 Mbps) Direct 3-4 TS 34 (Open Protocol, 1-34 Mbps) Indirect 3-4 TS 10 (Ethernet) Direct 3-4 TS Mux (Mux 4E1, 4T1) Direct No Limits* TS 2 (E1, T1) Direct No Limits* *No Limits – it refers to Networking extentions.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . APPENDIX H – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Installation Log D.1. Client / Dealer details Customer Dealer Company Name Address City Country Contact Person Tel Fax e-mail D.2. Application details Type of network E1 , Ethernet , FDDI , ATM , Product Evaluated distance by customer Address of installation (site A) Address of installation (site B) D.3.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l D.4.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l D.5.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l D.6.
M R V C o mmu n i c a t i o n s , APPENDIX I I n c . – I n s t a l l a t i o n M a n u a l Power over Ethernet The Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) option is available only for TereScope model 700/100. PoE eliminates an AC outlet at each Access Point (AP) location, i.e., it allows for a single Ethernet cable to be run to each AP instead of two separate cables, one for power and the other for data. There are two types of PoE connections. One type utilizes only four out of the 8 wires of the Ethernet cable.