User`s manual

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User’s Manual

Model 335

Temperature Controller

Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc.

575 McCorkle Blvd.

Westerville, Ohio 43082-8888 USA

sales@lakeshore.com

service@lakeshore.com

www.lakeshore.com

Fax: (614) 891-1392

Telephone: (614) 891-2243

| www.lakeshore.com

Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed solely on company funds of

Lake

Shore Cryotronics, Inc. No government or other contractual support or relationship whatsoever has existed

which in any way affects or mitigates proprietary rights of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. in these developments.

Methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be subject to U.S. Patents existing or applied for.

Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. reserves the right to add, impro

ve, modify, or withdraw functions, design modifications,

or products at any time without notice. Lake Shore shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or

consequential damages in connection with furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Rev. 1.3 P/N 119-055 08 January 2014

Summary of content (170 pages)

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User’s Manual Model 335 Temperature Controller Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. 575 McCorkle Blvd. Westerville, Ohio 43082-8888 USA sales@lakeshore.com service@lakeshore.com www.lakeshore.com Fax: (614) 891-1392 Telephone: (614) 891-2243 Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed solely on company funds of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc.
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LIMITED WARRANTY STATEMENT WARRANTY PERIOD: THREE (3) YEARS 1.Lake Shore warrants that products manufactured by Lake Shore (the "Product") will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for three years from the date of Purchaser's physical receipt of the Product (the "Warranty Period").
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CERTIFICATION FIRMWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT (continued) Lake Shore certifies that this product has been inspected and tested in accordance with its published specifications and that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment. The accuracy and calibration of this product at the time of shipment are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); formerly known as the National Bureau of Standards (NBS).
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Model 335 Temperature Controller
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Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) for the Model 335 Temperature Controller Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) of electronic equipment is a growing concern worldwide. Emissions of and immunity to electromagnetic interference is now part of the design and manufacture of most electronics. To qualify for the CE Mark, the Model 335 meets or exceeds the requirements of the European EMC Directive 89/335/EEC as a CLASS A product.
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Model 335 Temperature Controller
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i Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1.1 Sensor Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1.2 Temperature Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.
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2.7 PID Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.7.1 Proportional (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.7.2 Integral (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.7.3 Derivative (D) . . . . . .
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iii Chapter 4 Operation 4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.1.1 Understanding Menu Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.2 Front Panel Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.2.1 Keypad Definitions . . . . .
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4.6 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4.6.1 USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4.6.2 IEEE-488 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4.6.2.
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v 6.2.4.1 Condition Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 6.2.4.2 Event Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 6.2.4.3 Enable Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 6.2.4.4 Status Byte Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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8.7 Factory Reset Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7.1 Default Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7.2 Product Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1.1 Product Description 1 Chapter 1: Introduction FIGURE 1-1 Model 335 front view 1.
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2 cHAPTER 1: Introduction The Model 335 supports the industry’s most advanced line of cryogenic temperature sensors as manufactured by Lake Shore, including diodes, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), and thermocouples. The controller’s zone tuning feature allows you to measure and control temperatures seamlessly from 300 mK to over 1,500 K. This feature automatically switches temperature sensor inputs when your temperature range goes beyond the useable range of a given sensor.
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1.1.2 Temperature Control 1.1.2 Temperature Control 3 Providing a total of 75 W of heater power, the Model 335 is the most powerful half rack temperature controller available. Designed to deliver very clean heater power, precise temperature control is ensured throughout your full scale temperature range for excellent measurement reliability, efficiency and throughput. Two independent PID control outputs can be configured to supply 50 W and 25 W or 75 W and 1 W of heater power.
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4 cHAPTER 1: Introduction BSensor input connectors DUSB interface CTerminal block  E IEEE-488 interface F Line input assembly GOutput 2 heater (analog outputs and relays HOutput 1 heater I Thermocouple  option inputs FIGURE 1-2 Model 335 rear panel 1.1.4 Configurable Display The Model 335 offers a bright, vacuum fluorescent display that simultaneously displays up to four readings.
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1.2 Sensor Selection 1.2 Sensor Selection 5 Silicon diodes are the best choice for general cryogenic use from 1.4 K to above room temperature. Diodes are economical to use because they follow a standard curve and are interchangeable in many applications. They are not suitable for use in ionizing radiation or magnetic fields. Cernox™ thin-film RTDs offer high sensitivity and low magnetic field-induced errors over the 0.3 K to 420 K temperature range. Cernox sensors require calibration.
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6 cHAPTER 1: Introduction Temperature Electronic Accuracy Electronic Control including Accuracy: Stability5: Electronic Temperature Temperature Accuracy, Equivalents Equivalents CalCurve and Calibrated Sensor Example Lake Shore Sensor Temperature Nominal Resistance/ Voltage Typical Sensor Sensitivity4 Measurement Resolution: Temperature Equivalents Silicon Diode DT-670-CO-13 with 1.4H calibration 1.4 K 77 K 300 K 500 K 1.664 V 1.028 V 0.5597 V 0.0907 V -12.49 mV/K -1.73 mV/K -2.3 mV/K -2.
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1.3 Model 335 Specifications 7 1.3 Model 335 Specifications 1.3.1 Input Specifications Diode PTC RTD NTC RTD 10 mV Thermocouple Sensor temperature coefficient Input range Excitation current Display resolution Measurement resolution Electronic accuracy (at 25 °C) Measurement temperature coefficient Electronic stability1 Negative 0 V to 2.5 V 10 µA ±0.05%2,3 100 µV 10 µV ±80 µV ±0.005% of rdg (10 µV + 0.0005% of rdg)/°C ±20 µV 0 V to 10 V 10 µA ±0.05%2,3 1 mV 20 µV ±320 µV ±0.
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8 cHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.3.2 Sensor Input Configuration Diode/RTD Thermocouple 4-lead differential 2-lead differential, room temperature compensated Constant current with current reversal for RTDs NA Diodes: Silicon, GaAlAs RTDs: 100 ) Platinum, 1000 ) Platinum Germanium, Carbon-Glass, Cernox™, and Rox™ Most thermocouple types Standard curves DT-470, DT-670, DT-500-D, DT-500-E1, PT-100, PT-1000, RX-102A, RX-202A Type E, Type K, Type T, AuFe 0.07% vs. Cr, AuFe 0.03% vs.
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1.3.4 Control Type 9 Variable DC current source Control modes Closed loop digital PID with manual output or open loop D/A resolution 16-bit 25 ) setting 50 ) setting Max power 75 W* 50 W Max current 1.73 A 1.41 A 1A Voltage compliance (min) 43.3 V 35.4 V 50 V Heater load for max power 25 ) 25 ) 50 ) Heater load range 50 W 10 ) to 100 ) Ranges 3 (decade steps in power) Heater noise 0.
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10 cHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.3.5 Front Panel Display 2-line by 20-character, 9 mm character height, vacuum fluorescent display Number of reading displays 1 to 4 Display units K, °C, V, mV, ) Reading source Temperature, sensor units, max, and min Display update rate 2 rdg/s Temperature display resolution 0.001° from 0° to 99.999°, 0.01° from 100° to 999.99°,  0.
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1.4 Safety Summary and Symbols 1.4 Safety Summary and Symbols 11 Observe these general safety precautions during all phases of instrument operation, service, and repair. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended instrument use. Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. assumes no liability for Customer failure to comply with these requirements.
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cHAPTER 1: Introduction 12 Equipment protected throughout by double insulation or reinforces insulation (equivalent to Class II of IEC 536—see Annex H) Direct current (power line) Alternating current (power line) Alternating or direct current (power line) 3 CAUTION: High voltages; danger of electric shock; background color: yellow; symbol and outline: black Three-phase alternating current (power line) Earth (ground) terminal ! Protective conductor terminal Frame or chassis terminal On (supply) Off (s
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2.2.1 Temperature Range 13 Chapter 2: Cooling System Design and Temperature Control 2.1 General Selecting the proper cryostat or cooling source is probably the most important decision in designing a temperature control system. The cooling source defines the minimum temperature, cool-down time, and cooling power. Information on choosing a cooling source is beyond the scope of this manual.
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14 cHAPTER 2: Cooling System Design and Temperature Control 2.2.3 Environmental Conditions The experimental environment is also important when choosing a sensor. Environmental factors such as high vacuum, magnetic field, corrosive chemicals, or even radiation can limit the use of some types of sensors. Lake Shore has devoted much time to developing sensor packages that withstand the temperatures, vacuum levels, and bonding materials found in typical cryogenic cooling systems.
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2.3.1 Precision Calibration 2.3.1 Precision Calibration 15 Calibration is done by comparing a sensor with an unknown temperature response to an accepted standard. Lake Shore temperature standards are traceable to the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Testing (NIST) or the National Physical Laboratory in Great Britain. These standards allow Lake Shore to calibrate sensors from 20 mK to above room temperature.
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16 cHAPTER 2: Cooling System Design and Temperature Control The Curve Handler™ application is a 32-bit Microsoft® Windows® application that must be installed on a Windows® PC. This version works with the IEEE-488 and USB computer interfaces on the Model 335, and allows the temperature curves to be manipulated directly in the program window. This version will also work with all existing Lake Shore temperature controller and temperature monitor instruments.
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2.4.4 Contact Area 17 2.4.4 Contact Area Thermal contact area greatly affects thermal conduction because a larger area has more opportunity to transfer heat. Even when the size of a sensor package is fixed, thermal contact area can be improved with the use of a gasket material like indium foil and cryogenic grease. A soft gasket material forms into the rough mating surface to increase the area of the two surfaces that are in contact.
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18 cHAPTER 2: Cooling System Design and Temperature Control To room temperature Vacuum shroud Refrigerator first stage Vacuum space Radiation shield Dental floss tie-down -or- Thermal anchor Cryogenic tape (bobbin) Thermal anchor (bobbin) Cryogenic wire (small diameter, large AWG) Sensor Second stage and sample holder Heater (wiring not shown for clarity) Drawing not to scale Optical window (if required) FIGURE 2-1 Typical sensor installation in a mechanical refrigerator 2.4.
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2.4.9 Thermal Radiation 19 2.4.9 Thermal Radiation Thermal (blackbody) radiation is one of the ways heat is transferred. Warm surfaces radiate heat to cold surfaces even through a vacuum. The difference in temperature between the surfaces is one thing that determines how much heat is transferred. Thermal radiation causes thermal gradients and reduces measurement accuracy. Many cooling systems include a radiation shield.
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20 cHAPTER 2: Cooling System Design and Temperature Control Example 1: A 20 ) heater is connected to output 1, and the heater resistance setting is set to 25 ), which can provide up to 1.41 A of current, and up to 50 V. Current limit P = I2R P = (1.41 A)2 × (20 )) P = 40 W Voltage limit P = V2/R P = (50 V)2/(20 )) P = 125 W The power limit is the smaller of the two, or 40 W, limited by current.
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2.5.4 Heater Wiring 21 Resistive heater wire is also wound into cartridge heaters. Cartridge heaters are more convenient, but are bulky and more difficult to place on small loads. A typical cartridge is 6.35 mm (0.25 in) in diameter and 25.4 mm (1 in) long. The cartridge should be snugly held in a hole in the load or clamped to a flat surface. Thermal anchoring for good thermal contact is again important.
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22 cHAPTER 2: Cooling System Design and Temperature Control 2.6.4 Thermal Mass Cryogenic designers understandably want to keep the thermal mass of the load as small as possible so the system can cool quickly and improve cycle time. Small mass can also have the advantage of reduced thermal gradients. Controlling a very small mass is difficult, because there is no buffer to absorb small changes in the system. Without buffering, small disturbances can very quickly create large temperature changes.
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2.7.1 Proportional (P) 2.7.1 Proportional (P) 23 The proportional term, also called gain, must have a value greater than 0 for the control loop to operate. The value of the proportional term is multiplied by the error (e), which is defined as the difference between the setpoint and feedback temperatures, to generate the proportional contribution to the output: Output (P) = Pe If proportional is acting alone, with no integral, there must always be an error or the output will go to 0.
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24 cHAPTER 2: Cooling System Design and Temperature Control FIGURE 2-2 Examples of PID control Model 335 Temperature Controller
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2.8.1 Setting Heater Range 25 2.8 Manual Tuning There has been a lot written about tuning closed loop control systems and specifically PID control loops. This section does not attempt to compete with control theory experts. It describes a few basic rules to help less experienced users get started. This technique will not solve every problem, but it has worked for many others in the field.
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26 cHAPTER 2: Cooling System Design and Temperature Control 7. Gradually increase the proportional setting by doubling it each time. At each new setting, allow time for the temperature of the load to stabilize. 8. Repeat step 7 until you reach a setting in which the load temperature begins a sustained and predictable oscillation, rising and falling in a consistent period of time. See FIGURE 2-2(a).
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2.8.4 Tuning Derivative 2.8.4 Tuning Derivative 27 If an experiment requires frequent changes in setpoint, derivative should be considered. See FIGURE 2-2(e). A derivative setting of 0, off, is recommended when the control system is seldom changed and data is taken when the load is at steady state. The derivative setting is entered into the Model 335 as a percentage of the integral time constant. The setting range is 0% to 200% where 100% = ¼ I seconds. Start with a setting of 50% to 100%.
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28 cHAPTER 2: Cooling System Design and Temperature Control 2.10 Zone Tuning Once the PID tuning parameters have been chosen for a given setpoint, the whole process may have to be done again for other setpoints significantly far away that have different tuning needs. Trying to remember when to use which set of tuning parameters can be difficult. The Model 335 has a Zone feature as one of its tuning modes that can help.
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3.1 General 29 Chapter 3: Installation 3.1 General This chapter provides general installation instructions for the Model 335 temperature controller. Please read this entire chapter before installing the instrument and powering it on to ensure the best possible performance and maintain operator safety. For instrument operating instructions refer to Chapter 4 and Chapter 5. For computer interface installation and operation refer to Chapter 6. 3.
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30 cHAPTER 3: Installation 3.3 Rear Panel Definition This section provides a description of the Model 335 rear panel connections. The rear panel consists of the Input A and B sensor input connectors (#1 in FIGURE 3-1), Output 2 voltage output and relays 1 and 2 terminal block connector (2), USB B-type connector (3), IEEE-488 interface connector (4), line input assembly (5), Output 1 and 2 heater output connectors (6 and 7), and the thermocouple option inputs (8). Refer to section 8.
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3.4.2 Line Fuse and Fuse Holder 31 AC line voltage is set at Lake Shore, but it is good to verify that the AC line voltage indicator in the fuse drawer window is appropriate before turning the instrument on. The instrument may be damaged if turned on with the wrong voltage selected. Also remove and verify that the proper fuse is installed before plugging in and turning on the instrument. Refer to section 8.5 for instructions on changing the line voltage configuration. 3.4.
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32 cHAPTER 3: Installation Pin Symbol Description 1 I– –Current 2 V– –Voltage 3 None Shield 4 V+ +Voltage 5 I+ +Current 6 None Shield TABLE 3-2 Diode/resistor input connector details 3.5.2 Sensor Lead Cable The sensor lead cable used outside the cooling system can be much different from what is used inside. Between the instrument and vacuum shroud, heat leak is not a concern. In this case, cabling should be chosen to minimize error and noise pick up.
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3.5.4 Sensor Polarity 3.5.4 Sensor Polarity 33 Lake Shore sensors are shipped with instructions that indicate which sensor leads are which. It is important to follow these instructions for plus and minus leads (polarity) as well as voltage and current when applicable. Diode sensors do not operate in the wrong polarity. They look like an open circuit to the instrument. 2-lead resistors can operate with any lead arrangement and the sensor instructions may not specify.
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34 cHAPTER 3: Installation 3.5.6 Two-Lead Sensor Measurement There are times when crowding in a cryogenic system forces users to read sensors in a 2-lead configuration because there are not enough feedthroughs or room for lead wires. If this is the case, plus voltage to plus current and minus voltage to minus current leads are attached at the back of the instrument or at the vacuum feedthrough. The error in a resistive measurement is the resistance of the lead wire run with current and voltage together.
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3.6 Thermocouple Sensor Inputs (Thermocouple Model 3060) 3.6 Thermocouple Sensor Inputs (Thermocouple Model 3060) 35 The information in this section is for a Model 335 configured with thermocouple sensor inputs. Thermocouple inputs are not installed on the standard Model 335, but can be added by purchasing the Model 3060 dual thermocouple input option. Refer to section 8.12 for installation of the Model 3060. Do not leave thermocouple inputs unconnected. Short inputs when they are not in use. 3.6.
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36 cHAPTER 3: Installation 3.7 Heater Output Setup The following section covers the heater wiring from the vacuum shroud to the instrument for both heater outputs. Specifications are detailed in section 1.3. For help on choosing and installing an appropriate resistive heater, refer to section 2.5. 3.7.1 Heater Output Description Output 1 and Output 2 in current mode are traditional control outputs for a cryogenic temperature controller.
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3.7.4 Heater Output Noise 37 It is recommended to use twisted heater leads. Large changes in heater current can induce noise in measurement leads and twisting reduces the effect. It is also recommended to run heater leads in a separate cable from the measurement leads to further reduce interaction. There is a chassis ground point at the rear panel of the instrument for shielding the heater cable if necessary. The cable shield can be tied to this point using a 3.
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38 cHAPTER 3: Installation 3.7.5.2 Power Supply Setup Follow all operation and safety instruction in the power supply manual during setup. Please consider the following suggestions for protecting the power supply and  heater load. D Short circuits are common in cryogenic lead wiring. If the power supply does not D D D specify that it is short circuit protected, the power output should be wired with a fuse in series to prevent damage.
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3.7.5 Powering Output 2 Using an External Power Supply 39 3.7.5.4 Programming Voltages Under 10 V A voltage divider (FIGURE 3-10) can be used to reduce the control output voltage if the programming input of the power supply has a range of less than 0 V to 10 V to ensure full output resolution, and protection against overloading the external supply programming inputs. The output voltage is proportional to the ratio of resistors  R1 to R2: Vout = 10 V × R1/(R1+R2).
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40 cHAPTER 3: Installation Model 335 Temperature Controller
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4.1 General 41 Chapter 4: Operation 4.1 General This chapter provides instructions for the general operating features of the Model 335 temperature controller. Advanced operation is in Chapter 5. Computer interface instructions are in Chapter 6. FIGURE 4-1 Model 335 front panel 4.1.1 Understanding Menu Navigation This section is intended to be a quick guide through the necessary key presses to arrive at and set the desired features.
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42 cHAPTER 4: Operation 4.2 Front Panel Description This section provides a description of the front panel controls and indicators for the Model 335. 4.2.1 Keypad Definitions The keypad is divided into two sections. The direct operation section includes all keys to the right of the display, and the menu/number pad section includes the standard 12 number-pad keys and the Up, Down, Escape, and Enter keys (FIGURE 4-2).
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4.2.2 Annunciators 4.2.2 Annunciators 43 LED annunciators: two blue and two red LED annunciators are included to provide visual feedback of the following operation. LED Function Refer to section Remote The Remote LED is on steady when instrument is in Remote mode (may be controlled via the Remote/Local key). If the LED is not illuminated, the instrument is in Local mode. 4.6.2.
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44 cHAPTER 4: Operation D D Alpha-Numeric Entry: allows you to enter character data using the number pad keys, and the  and  keys. The input sensor name is an example of a parameter that requires Alpha-Numeric Entry. To edit an Alpha-Numeric parameter, press  or . Once in edit mode, press  or  to cycle through the upper and lower case English alphabet, numerals 0 through 9, and a small selection of common symbols.
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4.3.1 Display Modes 45 FIGURE 4-3 Left: Two Input, Loop A, showing input A and its associated information monitored; Right: Two Input, Loop B showing input B and its associated information monitored Menu Navigation: Display SetupQ Display Mode (Two Input Loop A, Two Input Loop B, Default: Custom Interface Command: DISPLAY 4.3.1.2 Two Loop Mode Two Loop mode provides a preconfigured display for the common configuration of two control loops.
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46 cHAPTER 4: Operation The input display modes are unique in that they can be set temporarily by pressing  A or B on the front panel. After the key is pressed, the user-assignable sensor name of the respective input is displayed on the top line for 2 s, then the primary input display mode becomes active for approximately 10 s before returning to the configured display mode.
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4.3.2 Display Brightness 4.3.2 Display Brightness 47 The front panel display brightness can be adjusted for optimal viewing. The default value should work well in most standard lighting environments, but low light or bright light environments may require the brightness to be adjusted for optimal viewing. Use the lowest brightness setting that is acceptable; continued use of higher brightness will shorten the life of the display.
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48 cHAPTER 4: Operation 4.4.1 Diode Sensor Input Setup Diode sensors include the silicon and the gallium aluminum arsenide sensors detailed in TABLE 4-6. Input ranges are selectable to 0 V to 2.5 V or 0 V to10 V, and standard excitation current is 10 µA. As an alternative to the standard diode excitation current of 10 µA, you may select a 1 mA excitation. The 1 mA excitation current is not calibrated, and will not work properly with standard Lake Shore diode sensors.
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4.4.4 Range Selection 4.4.4 Range Selection 49 The Model 335 is equipped with an autoranging feature that will automatically select the appropriate resistance range for the connected resistive temperature device. In some cases it may be desirable to manually select the resistance range. To manually select a resistance range, set the Autorange parameter to Off, then use the Range parameter to select the desired range.
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50 cHAPTER 4: Operation When Current Reversal is On, the sensor excitation current is a 10 Hz square wave (5 Hz for NTC RTD on the 100 K range). This square wave excitation generates a small electromagnetic noise signal in the sensor cable, which can be picked up by sensitive measurement equipment in the system. Turning Current Reversal off will eliminate this noise at the cost of introducing thermal EMF voltage errors into the sensor measurement.
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4.4.7 Curve Selection 51 It is best practice to use the same material for thermocouple wires; if it is at all possible, it is also best to avoid splices. When splices are necessary, continue the splice with the same type of material. For less demanding applications, a short across the input terminals will suffice. Both thermocouple inputs should be calibrated on either channel A or B, even if they use the same type of thermocouple.
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52 cHAPTER 4: Operation The sensor reading of the instrument can always be displayed in sensor units. If a temperature response curve is selected for an input, its readings may also be displayed in temperature. Curve number Curve name Sensor type Model number Temperature range** For data points, refer to: 01 DT-470 Diode DT-470 1.4 K to 475 K Table D-1 02 DT-670 Diode DT-670 1.4 K to 500 K Table D-2 03 DT-500-D* Diode DT-500-D 1.
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4.4.9 Input Sensor Name 53 TC = 0.1 / (ln (N / (N - 1)), where TC is one time constant, and N is the number of filter points. A reading is usually considered settled after six time constants. TABLE 4-9 shows a sampling of filter settings and the resulting time constant, settle time, and equivalent noise bandwidth. Filter points Time constant Settle time (6 time constants) Equivalent noise bandwidth (p TC) 2 0.14 s 0.9 s 1.733 Hz 4 0.35 s 2.1 s 0.719 Hz 8 0.75 s 4.5 s 0.334 Hz 16 1.
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54 cHAPTER 4: Operation 4.4.11 Preferred Units The Preferred Units parameter setting determines which units are used to display setpoint and max/min parameters whenever these parameters are displayed in any display mode. The sensor reading is also displayed in Preferred Units in all display modes except for the Custom display mode, where each sensor location can be assigned specific display units. Menu Navigation: Input SetupQInput (A, or B)Q Interface: INTYPE 4.4.
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4.5.1 Heater Outputs 55 4.5.1.1 Heater Output Type (Output 2) Heater Output 2 can be configured either as a standard current source output, which can provide up to 25 W of power into a 25 ) or 50 ) heater, or as a voltage output, which can provide up to 1 W of power into a 100 ) heater. The Output Type parameter, only available for Output 2, determines which type of output and which rear panel connector is used.
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56 cHAPTER 4: Operation ting will then provide multiple discrete current limit values that correspond to common heater power ratings. The available current limits keep the output operating within the voltage compliance limit to ensure the best possible resolution. These parameters work with the Heater Range parameter (section 4.5.1.7.8) to provide safety and flexibility.
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4.5.1 Heater Outputs 57 User Max Current should be set to the smaller of the two or 0.77 A. In this example, the desired 30 W of power is available to the heater. Example 2: A 75 ), 50 W heater is connected to Output 2. Power limit I = Squrt(P/R) I = Squrt(50 W/75)) I = 0.81 A Voltage compliance limit I = V/R I = 35.5 V/ 75)) I = 0.47 A User Max Current should be set to the smaller of the two, or 0.47 A. In this example, only 16.5 W of the total 25 W of power is available to the heater.
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58 cHAPTER 4: Operation 4.5.1.5 Heater Out Display The heater output can be displayed in units of percent of full scale current or percent of full scale power. The heater output display on the front panel is displayed in these units, and the Manual Output parameter is set in these units. The availability of full scale current and power is determined by the heater resistance, max current setting, and heater range. The heater output display is a calculated value intended to aid in system setup and tuning.
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4.5.1 Heater Outputs 59 The control algorithm used for each zone is identical to that used in Closed Loop PID mode. The Zone feature is useful by itself, but it is even more powerful when used with other features. We recommend using zone mode with setpoint ramping (section 4.5.1.7.7). Refer to section 5.3 for details on setting up zones. Refer to section 2.7 for a detailed discussion of PID control. Menu Navigation: Output SetupQOutput (1 or 2)QOutput Mode (Zone) Interface: OUTMODE 4.5.1.6.
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60 cHAPTER 4: Operation In the Monitor Out mode, the Control Input parameter is used to determine the source of the output voltage. In the Open Loop mode, the Control Input parameter can be set simply for convenience in order to easily access the associated output’s Manual Output and Heater Range parameters using the Direct Operation keys. Refer to section 4.2.1.1 for details on Direct Operation keys.
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4.5.1 Heater Outputs 61 4.5.1.7.4 Derivative (D) The derivative parameter (sometimes called rate) is the D part of the PID control equation. The derivative time constant should normally be somewhere between p and 1/i the integral time in seconds, if used at all. As a convenience to the operator, the Model 335 derivative time constant is expressed in percent of ¼ the integral time. The range is between 0% and 200%.
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62 cHAPTER 4: Operation 4.5.1.7.6 Setpoint The Setpoint parameter is used to set the desired load temperature for a control loop. Before a setpoint can be entered, a control loop must be created by configuring an input sensor and assigning it to a control output using the Control Input parameter. The Setpoint can be entered in either temperature units or sensor units, based on the sensor input’s Preferred Units setting.
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4.5.1 Heater Outputs 63 4.5.1.7.7 Setpoint Ramping The Model 335 can generate a smooth setpoint ramp when the setpoint units are expressed in temperature. You can set a ramp rate in degrees per minute with a range of 0 to 100 and a resolution of 0.1. Once the ramping feature is turned on, its action is initiated by a setpoint change. When a new setpoint is entered, the instrument changes the setpoint temperature from the old value to the new value at the ramp rate.
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64 cHAPTER 4: Operation 4.5.1.7.8 Heater Range The Heater Range setting is used for turning a control output on, as well as setting the output power range for the heater outputs. Both outputs provide an Off setting for turning the output off. The heater outputs in Current mode provide Low, Medium (Med), and High settings, which provide decade steps in power, based on the maximum output power available to the connected heater.
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4.6 Interface 65 The voltage output is designed to provide up to 1 W into a 100 ) heater. The output is current limited to slightly over 100 mA, and therefore, a heater value less than 100 ) can drive the output into current limit. This condition will not damage the output, but it can result in discontinuous temperature control. 4.5.2.
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66 cHAPTER 4: Operation A three-digit keypad lock code locks and unlocks the keypad. The default code is 123. The code can be changed only through the computer interface. If instrument parameters are reset to default values, the lock code resets also. The instrument cannot reset from the front panel with the keypad locked. To lock the keypad, press and hold Enter for 5 s. Use the numeric keypad to enter the three-digit lock code.
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5.1 General 67 Chapter 5: Advanced Operation 5.1 General This chapter provides information on the advanced operation of the Model 335 temperature controller. 5.2 Autotune The Model 335 can automate the tuning process of typical cryogenic systems with the Autotune feature. For additional information about the algorithm refer  to section 2.9.
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68 cHAPTER 5: Advanced Operation (FIGURE 5-1). See TABLE 5-1 for a description of the Autotune stages, reasons for failure, and possible solutions. When the process completes successfully, the previous P, I, and D parameters will be replaced by the newly acquired values. The Autotune process can be cancelled by pressing Autotune and choosing Yes to the “cancel Autotune” prompt. FIGURE 5-1 Left: Example of a screen when Autotune has been initiated.
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5.3 Zone Settings 5.3 Zone Settings 69 The Model 335 allows you to establish up to ten custom contiguous temperature zones where the controller will automatically use pre-programmed values for PID, heater range, manual output, ramp rate, and control input. Zone control can be active for both control loops at the same time. Configure the zones using 1 as the lowest to 10 as the highest zone. Zone boundaries are always specified in kelvin (K).
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70 cHAPTER 5: Advanced Operation K Upper boundary: Zone 10 Proportional Integral Derivative MHP Output (0.1–1000) (0.1–1000) (0–200) (0–100%) Heater Range A Off A Low A Med A High Ramp Rate (0.1–100 K/min) Control Input A Default AA AB AC AD K Upper boundary: Zone 09 Proportional Integral Derivative MHP Output (0.1–1000) (0.1–1000) (0–200) (0–100%) Heater Range A Off A Low A Med A High Ramp Rate (0.
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5.4 Bipolar Control 71 Menu Navigation: Zone SettingsQOutput (1, 2)QZone to edit (1 to 10) Interface Command: ZONE 5.4 Bipolar Control The most common type of temperature control output device is a resistive heater, which requires only unipolar output, since they will add heat regardless of the polarity of the excitation voltage. There are, however, temperature control devices that are bipolar.
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72 cHAPTER 5: Advanced Operation 5.5.1 Warm Up Percentage Use the Warm Up Percentage parameter to determine the voltage amount to apply to the voltage output (Output 2) when using Warm Up mode to control an external power supply. The voltage applied will be the full scale output (+10 V) times the Warm Up Percentage. For example, if the Warm Up Percentage is set to 50%, the control output voltage for the given unpowered output will be 50% of 10 V, or 5 V, when the output is on.
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5.6.1 Monitor Units 5.6.1 Monitor Units 73 The Monitor Units parameter determines the units of the Control Input sensor to use for creating the proportional voltage output. The Monitor Out scaling parameter settings will be entered using the units chosen for this parameter. Menu Navigation: Output SetupQOutput 2QOutput Type (Voltage)QOutput Mode (Monitor Out)Q Control Input (None, Input A, Input B)QMonitor Out Units (Kelvin, Celsius, or Sensor) Default: Kelvin Interface Command: ANALOG 5.6.1.
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74 cHAPTER 5: Advanced Operation Monitor Out settings depend on the Monitor Units selected, and are limited to the acceptable values of the selected units. Default: PolarityQUnipolar Monitor Out 0 V and -10 VQ0.0000 K Monitor Out +10 VQ1000 K Interface Command: ANALOG 5.7 Alarms and Relays 5.7.1 Alarms Each input of the Model 335 has high and low alarm capability. Input reading data from any source can be compared to the alarm setpoint values.
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5.7.1 Alarms 75 5.7.1.2 Alarm Latching D D Latching Alarms: often used to detect faults in a system or experiment that requires operator intervention. The alarm state remains visible to the operator for diagnostics even if the alarm condition is removed. Relays often signal remote monitors, or for added safety take critical equipment off line. Latched alarms can be cleared by pressing Alarm and selecting Yes to the Reset Alarm prompt. Select No to the Reset Alarm prompt to enter the Alarm Setup menu.
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cHAPTER 5: Advanced Operation 76 5.7.2 Relays There are two relays on the Model 335 numbered 1 and 2. They are most commonly thought of as alarm relays, but they may be manually controlled also. Relay assignments are configurable as shown in FIGURE 5-7. Two relays can be used with one sensor input for independent high and low operation, or each can be assigned to a  different input.
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5.8 Curve Numbers and Storage 5.8 Curve Numbers and Storage 77 The Model 335 has 20 standard curve locations, numbered 1 through 20. At present, not all locations are occupied by curves; the others are reserved for future updates. If a standard curve location is in use, the curve can be viewed using the view operation. Standard curves cannot be changed by the user, and reserved locations are not available for user curves. The Model 335 has 39 user curve locations, numbered 21 through 59.
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78 cHAPTER 5: Advanced Operation Breakpoint setting resolution is six digits in temperature. Most temperature values are entered with 0.001 resolution. Temperature values of 1000 K and greater can be entered to 0.01 resolution. Temperature values below 10 K can be entered with 0.00001 resolution. Temperature range for curve entry is 0K to 9999.99 K. Sensor type Typical Lake Shore model Format Limit (K) Temperature coefficient Typical sensor resolution Silicon Diode DT-670 V/K 475 Negative 0.
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5.9.1 Edit Curve 79 If the curve you wish to enter has similar parameters as an existing curve, first copy the similar curve (as described in Section 5.2.4) to a new location, then edit the curve to the desired parameters. To perform the Edit Curve operation, follow this procedure: 1. Press Curve Entry, scroll to Edit Curve, and press Enter. 2. Scroll to the desired curve and press Enter again. 3. Edit the curve header parameters using the standard keypad operation methods described in section 4.2.3.
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80 cHAPTER 5: Advanced Operation 5.9.1.2 Add a New Breakpoint Pair The last breakpoint of a curve is signified by the first pair that contains a 0 value for both the temperature and sensor portions. Curves are limited to 200 breakpoint pairs, so if 200 pairs already exist, then the 200th pair will be the last pair in the list.
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5.9.2 Erase Curve 5.9.2 Erase Curve 81 User curves that are no longer needed may be erased. Erase Curve sets all identification parameters to default and blanks all breakpoint values. To perform the Erase Curve operation, follow this procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. Press Curve Entry, scroll to Erase Curve, and press Enter. Scroll to the desired curve and press Enter. Choose Yes at the confirmation message to finalize the operation.
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82 cHAPTER 5: Advanced Operation Calibration data points must be entered into the Model 335. These calibration points are normally measured at easily obtained temperatures like the boiling point of cryogens. Each algorithm operates with one, two, or three calibration points. The range of improved accuracy increases with more points.
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5.10.2 SoftCal™ Accuracy with DT-400 Series Silicon Diode Sensors 5.10.2 SoftCal™ Accuracy with DT-400 Series Silicon Diode Sensors 83 A SoftCal™ calibration is only as good as the accuracy of the calibration points. The accuracies listed for SoftCal™ assume ±0.01 K for 4.2 K (liquid helium), ±0.05 K for 77.35 K (liquid nitrogen), and 305 K (room temperature) points.
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84 cHAPTER 5: Advanced Operation D D D 5.10.4 SoftCal™ Accuracy With Platinum Sensors Point one: calibration data point at or near the boiling point of nitrogen (77.35 K). Acceptable temperature entries are 50 K to 100 K. Point two: calibration data point near room temperature (305 K). Acceptable temperature entries are 200 K to 300 K. Point three: calibration data point at a higher temperature (480 K). Acceptable temperature entries are 400 K to 600 K.
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5.11 Emulation Modes 85 You can check the new curve using the Edit Curve instructions in section 5.9.2. The curve is not automatically assigned to any input, so you will need to assign the new curve to an input. Refer to section 4.4.7 for details on assigning a curve to a sensor input.
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86 cHAPTER 5: Advanced Operation 5.11.2 Unsupported Commands Some commands are not supported in the Model 335, regardless of the emulation mode, as the associated functions are no longer included. Although these commands are unsupported, a properly formatted reply will be sent when these queries are received to prevent locking up or crashing software that was written to query this information.
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5.11.6 Hardware Differences 5.11.6 Hardware Differences One of the most significant hardware differences between the Model 335, Model 331 and Model 332 is the Loop 2, or Output 2, control output. The Model 331 provides a ±10 V voltage source output with 100 mA maximum current, providing 1 W into a 100 ) heater. The Model 332 provides a ±10 V voltage source output with 1 A maximum current, providing up to 10 W into a 10 ) heater.
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88 cHAPTER 5: Advanced Operation Model 335 Temperature Controller
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6.1 General 89 Chapter 6: Computer Interface Operation 6.1 General This chapter provides operational instructions for the computer interface for the Lake Shore Model 335 temperature controller. Both of the computer interfaces provided with the Model 335 permit remote operation. The first is the IEEE-488 interface described in section 6.2. The second is the USB interface described in section 6.3. The two interfaces share a common set of commands detailed in section 6.4.
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90 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation 6.2.1 Changing  IEEE-488 Interface Parameters The IEEE-488 address must be set from the front panel before communication with the instrument can be established. 6.2.2 Remote/Local Operation Normal operations from the keypad are referred to as local operations. The Model 335 can also be configured for remote operations via the IEEE-488 interface or the Remote/Local key. The Remote/Local key will toggle between remote and local operation.
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6.2.3 IEEE-488.2 Command Structure D 91 SPE (Serial Poll Enable) and SPD (Serial Poll Disable): serial polling accesses the Service Request Status Byte Register. This status register contains important operational information from the unit requesting service. The SPD command ends the polling sequence. 6.2.3.2 Common Commands Common commands are addressed commands that create commonality between instruments on the bus.
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92 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation 6.2.4 Status System Overview The Model 335 implements a status system compliant to the IEEE-488.2 standard. The status system provides a method of recording and reporting instrument information and is typically used to control the Service Request (SRQ) interrupt line. A diagram of the status system is shown in FIGURE 6-1. The status system is made up of status register sets, the Status Byte register, and the Service Request Enable register.
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6.2.
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94 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation 6.2.4.4 Status Byte Register The Status Byte register, typically referred to as the Status Byte, is a non-latching, read-only register that contains all of the summary bits from the register sets. The status of the summary bits are controlled from the register sets as explained in section 6.2.4.1 to section 6.2.4.3. The Status Byte also contains the Request for Service (RQS)/Master Summary Status (MSS) bit.
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6.2.5 Status System Detail: Status Register Sets 95 6.2.4.8 Clearing Registers The methods to clear each register are detailed in TABLE 6-3.
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96 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation 7 6 5 4 Standard event 128 64 32 16 Status register Not *ESR? PON used CME EXE (*ESR? reads and clears the register) – Bit 3 8 2 4 1 2 0 1 Not used QYE Not used OPC – Decimal – Name AND AND OR AND AND AND Standard event 7 6 Status enable register 128 64 *ESE, *ESE? PON Not used 5 32 4 16 3 8 2 4 1 2 0 1 CME EXE Not used QYE Not used OPC To event summary bit (ESB) of status byte register – Decimal (see FIGURE 6-1) – Name – Bit FIGU
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6.2.
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98 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation D D Event Summary (ESB), Bit (5): this bit is set when an enabled standard event has occurred Message Available (MAV), Bit (4): this bit is set when a message is available in the output buffer 6.2.6.2 Service Request Enable Register The Service Request Enable Register is programmed by the user and determines which summary bits of the Status Byte may set bit 6 (RQS/MSS) to generate a Service Request.
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6.2.6 Status System Detail: Status Byte Register and Service Request Command or Operation 99 Description *ESR? Read and clear the Standard Event Status Register *ESE 32 Enable the Command Error (CME) bit in the Standard Event Status Register *SRE 32 Enable the Event Summary Bit (ESB) to set the RQS *ABC Send improper command to instrument to generate a command error Monitor bus Monitor the bus until the Service Request interrupt (SRQ) is sent.
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100 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation 6.3 USB Interface The Model 335 USB interface provides a convenient way to connect to most modern computers, as a USB interface is provided on nearly all new PCs as of the writing of this manual. The USB interface is implemented as a virtual serial com port connection. This implementation provides a simple migration path for modifying existing RS-232 based remote interface software.
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6.3.3 Installing the USB Driver 101 If the Found New Hardware wizard is unable to connect to Windows® Update or find the drivers, a message to “Insert the disc that came with your Lake Shore Model 335” will be displayed. Click Cancel and refer to section 6.3.3.3 to install the driver from the web. 6. When the Found New Hardware wizard finishes installing the driver, a confirmation message stating “the software for this device has been successfully installed” will appear.
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102 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation 3. It is recommended the default folder is not changed. Take note of this folder location and click Next. 4. An "Extraction complete" message will be displayed. Click to clear the Show extracted files checkbox, and click Finish. 6.3.3.3.3 Manually install the driver Manually installing drivers differ between versions of Windows®. The following  sections describe how to manually install the driver using Windows Vista®, Windows 7, and XP.
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6.3.3 Installing the USB Driver 103 c. In the main window of Device Manager, locate the Ports (COM & LPT) device type. In many instances this will be between the Network adapters and Processors items. If the Ports (COM & LPT) item is not already expanded, click the + icon. Lake Shore Model 335 should appear indented underneath Ports (COM & LPT). If it is not displayed as Lake Shore Model 335, it might be displayed as USB Device.
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104 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation 6.3.4 Communication Communicating via the USB interface is done using message strings. The message strings should be carefully formulated by the user program according to some simple rules to establish effective message flow control. 6.3.4.1 Character Format A character is the smallest piece of information that can be transmitted by the interface. Each character is ten bits long and contains data bits, bits for character timing, and an error detection bit.
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6.
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106 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation Command Function Page Command Function Page CLS Clear Interface Cmd 107 INNAME Sensor Input Name Cmd 117 ESE Event Status Enable Register Cmd 107 INNAME? Sensor Input Name Query 117 ESE? Event Status Enable Register Query 107 INTYPE Input Type Parameter Cmd 118 ESR? Standard Event Status Register Query 108 INTYPE? Input Type Parameter Query 118 IDN? Identification Query 108 KRDG? Kelvin Reading Query 119 OPC Operation C
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6.4.1 Interface Commands 6.4.1 Interface Commands 107 This section lists the interface commands in alphabetical order.  ? s[n] nn… dd [term] <…> Begins common interface command Required to identify queries String of alphanumeric characters with length “n.” Send these strings using surrounding quotes. Quotes enable characters such as commas and spaces to be used without the instrument interpreting them as delimiters. String of number characters that may include a decimal point.
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108 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation ESR? Input Returned Format Remarks IDN? Standard Event Status Register Query ESR?[term] nnn The integer returned represents the sum of the bit weighting of the event flag bits in the Standard Event Status Register. Refer to section 6.2.5 for a list of event flags. Identification Query Example IDN?[term] ,,/
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6.4.1 Interface Commands SRE 109 Service Request Enable Register Command Example SRE [term] nnn Each bit has a bit weighting and represents the enable/disable mask of the corresponding status flag bit in the Status Byte Register. To enable a status flag bit, send the command SRE with the sum of the bit weighting for each desired bit. Refer to section 6.2.6 for a list of status flags. To enable status flags 4, 5, and 7, send the command SRE 208[term].
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110 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation ALARM Input Format Remarks Example ALARM? Input Format Returned Format Input Alarm Parameter Command ALARM ,,,,  ,, , [term] a,n, ±nnnnnn, ±nnnnnn, +nnnnnn,n,n,n Specifies which input to configure: A or B. Determines whether the instrument checks the alarm for this input, where 0 = off and 1 = on.
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6.4.1 Interface Commands ANALOG Input Format Example Remarks ANALOG? Input Format Returned Format ATUNE Input Format Example Remarks Monitor Out Parameter Command ANALOG ,,,, ,[term] n,n,n,±nnnnn,±nnnnn,n Output 2 is the only valid entry and must be included (included for compatibility with other Lake Shore temperature instruments). 2 = Output 2 Specifies which input to monitor.
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112 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation BRIGT? Display Brightness Query Input Returned Format BRIGT?[term] [term] n (refer to command for description) CRDG? Celsius Reading Query Input Format Returned Format Remarks CRDG? [term] a A or B [term] ±nnnnnn Also see the RDGST? query.
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6.4.1 Interface Commands CRVPT Input Format Remarks Example CRVPT? Input Format Returned Format Remarks DFLT Input Remarks DIOCUR Input Format Remarks DIOCUR? Input Format Returned Format 113 Curve Data Point Command CRVPT ,,,[term] nn,nnn,±nnnnnn,+nnnnnn Specifies which curve to configure. Valid entries: 21–59. Specifies the points index in the curve. Valid entries: 1–200. Specifies sensor units for this point to six digits.
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114 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation DISPFLD Input Format Example Remarks Custom Mode Display Field Command DISPFLD ,,[term] n,n,n Specifies field (display location) to configure: 1–4. Specifies item to display in the field: 0 = None, 1 = Input A,  2 = Input B, 3 = Setpoint 1, 4 = Setpoint 2, 5=Output 1, 6=Output 2 Valid entries: 1 = kelvin, 2 = Celsius, 3 = sensor units,  4 = minimum data, 5 = maximum data, 6 = sensor name.
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6.4.1 Interface Commands 115 EMUL Model 331/332 Interface Emulation Mode Command Input Format Remarks EMUL ,[term] nn 0=None (335), 1=331, 2=332 PID control scaling: 0=335 (Temperature), 1=331/332  (Sensor) The 331 and 332 emulation modes provide a means of using the Model 335 in place of a Model 331 or 332 in a software controlled system without updating the software.
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116 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation HTRSET Input Format Example Remarks HTRSET? Input Format Heater Setup Command HTRSET ,,,,,[term] n,n,n,n,+n.nnn,n Specifies which heater output to configure: 1 or 2. Output type (Output 2 only): 0=Current, 1=Voltage Heater Resistance Setting: 1 = 25 ), 2 = 50 ) .
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6.4.1 Interface Commands IEEE? Input Returned Format 117 IEEE-488 Interface Parameter Query IEEE?[term]
[term] nn (refer to command for description) INCRV Input Curve Number Command Input Format Remarks Example INCRV ,[term] a,nn Specifies which input to configure: A or B. Specifies which curve the input uses. If specified curve type does not  match the configured input type, the curve number  defaults to 0.
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118 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation INTYPE Input Format Input Type Parameter Command INTYPE ,,,,, [term] a,n,n,n,n,n Specifies input to configure: A or B Specifies input sensor type: 0 = Disabled 1 = Diode 2 = Platinum RTD 3 = NTC RTD 4 = Thermocouple Specifies autoranging: 0 = off and 1 = on. Specifies input range when autorange is off: Diode 0 = 2.
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6.4.1 Interface Commands KRDG? Input Format Returned Format Remarks LEDS Input Format Remarks Example LEDS? Input Returned Format 119 Kelvin Reading Query KRDG? [term] a Specifies which input to query: A –B. [term] ±nnnnnn Also see the RDGST? query. Front Panel LEDS Command LEDS [term] n 0 = LEDs Off, 1 = LEDs On If set to 0, front panel LEDs will not be functional. Function can be used when display brightness is a problem.
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120 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation MODE Remote Interface Mode Command Input Format Example MODE [term] n 0 = local, 1 = remote, 2 = remote with local lockout. MODE 2[term] places the Model 335 into remote mode with local lockout.
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6.4.1 Interface Commands 121 OPSTR? Operational Status Register Query Input Returned Format Remarks OPSTR? [term] [term] nnn The integers returned represent the sum of the bit weighting of the operational status bits. These status bits are latched when the condition is detected. This register is cleared when it is read. Refer to section 6.2.5.2 for a list of operational status bits.
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122 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation POLARITY Input Format Remarks POLARITY? Input Returned Format Output Voltage Polarity Command POLARITY ,[term] n,n Output for which to configure the polarity setting: 2 Specifies output voltage is 0=unipolar (positive output only) or 1=bipolar (positive or negative output) The polarity command only applies to Output 2, and only when output type is voltage.
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6.4.1 Interface Commands RANGE Input Format Remarks RANGE? Input Format Heater Range Command RANGE ,[term] n,n Specifies which output to configure: 1 or 2. For Outputs 1 and 2 in Current mode: 0 = Off, 1 = Low,  2 = Medium, 3 = High For Output 2 in Voltage mode: 0 = Off, 1 = On The range setting has no effect if an output is in the Off mode, and does not apply to an output in Monitor Out mode. An output in Monitor Out mode is always on.
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124 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation RELAYST? Input Format Returned Format Relay Status Query RELAYST? [term] n Specifies which relay to query: 1 or 2. [term] n 0 = Off, 1 = On. SCAL Generate SoftCal Curve Command Input SCAL ,,,,,,,,[term] n,nn,S[10],+nnnnnn,±nnnnnn,+nnnnnn,±nnnnnn,+nnnnnn,±nnnnnn Specifies the standard curve from which to generate  a SoftCal™ curve.
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6.4.1 Interface Commands SRDG? Sensor Units Input Reading Query Input Format SRDG? [term] a Specifies which input to query: A or B. [term] ±nnnnnn Also see the RDGST? command. Returned Format Remarks TEMP? Input Returned Format Remarks TLIMIT Input Format Example Remarks TLIMIT? Input Format Returned Format TUNEST? Input Returned Format Remarks 125 Thermocouple Junction Temperature Query TEMP?[term] [term] +nnnnn Temperature is in kelvin.
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126 cHAPTER 6: Computer Interface Operation WARMUP Input Format Example Remarks WARMUP? Input Returned Format ZONE Input Format Remarks Example Warmup Supply Parameter Command WARMUP ,,[term] n,n,+nnn.nn Output 2 is the only valid entry and must be included. Specifies the type of control used: 0 = Auto Off,  1 = Continuous Specifies the percentage of full scale (10 V) Monitor Out  voltage to apply to turn on the external power supply.
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7.1 General 127 Chapter 7: Options and Accessories 7.1 General This chapter provides information on the models, options, and accessories available for the Model 335 temperature controller. 7.2 Models The list of Model 335 model numbers is provided as follows: Model 335 Description of Models Standard temperature controller.
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128 cHAPTER 7: Options and Accessories Model Description of Accessories ID-10-XX Indium solder disks (Quantity 10). Indium is a semi-precious non-ferrous metal, softer than lead, and extremely malleable and ductile. It stays soft and workable down to cryogenic temperatures. Indium can be used to create solder "bumps" for microelectronic chip attachments and also as gaskets for pressure and vacuum sealing purposes. ID-10-31 Indium Disks are 7.92 mm diameter × 0.13 mm (0.312 in diameter × 0.
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7.4 Rack Mounting h h h 129 h red black black (green) green 5 red 4 black (red) 6 1 2 rear view red black 3 shield FIGURE 7-1 Model 335 sensor and heater cable assembly 10 ft: P/N 112-177, 20 ft: P/N 112-178 7.4 Rack Mounting The Model 335 can be installed into a 483 mm (19 in) rack mount cabinet using the optional Lake Shore Model RM-½ rack mount kit. The rack mount kit contains mounting ears, panel, handles, and screws that adapt the front panel to fit into a 88.9 mm (3.
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130 cHAPTER 7: Options and Accessories Refer to NOTE NOTE Customer must use 5⁄ge in (2 mm) hex key to remove four existing screws from sides of instrument. Unit on right side mounting shown. Unit on left side also possible. Item Description P/N Qty 1 2 3 4 5 107-440 107-442 107-432 107-051-01 0-035 1 1 1 2 4 0-081 6 6 Rack mount ear Rack mount support Rack mount panel Rack mount handle Screw, 6-32 × ½ in FHMS Phillips Screw, 8-32 × 3⁄i in FHMS Phillips FIGURE 7-2 Model RM-q rack mount kit 7.
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8.1 General 131 Chapter 8: Service 8.1 General This chapter provides basic service information for the Model 335 temperature controller. Customer service of the product is limited to the information presented in this chapter. Factory trained service personnel should be consulted if the instrument requires repair. 8.2 USB Troubleshooting This section provides USB interface troubleshooting for issues that arise with new installations, existing installations, and intermittent lockups. 8.2.
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132 cHAPTER 8: Service 8.3 IEEE Interface Troubleshooting This section provides IEEE interface troubleshooting for issues that arise with new installations, old installations, and intermittent lockups. 8.3.1 New Installation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8.3.2 Existing Installation No Longer Working 1. Power the instrument off and then on again to see if it is a soft failure. 2. Power the computer off and then on again to see if the IEEE card is locked up. 3.
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8.6 Fuse Replacement 133 FIGURE 8-2 Power fuse access 8.6 Fuse Replacement Use this procedure to remove and replace a line fuse. To avoid potentially lethal shocks, turn off the controller and disconnect it from AC power before performing these procedures. For continued protection against fire hazard, replace the fuse only with the same fuse type and rating specified for the line voltage selected. Test the fuse with an ohmmeter. Do not rely on visual inspection of the fuse. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
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134 cHAPTER 8: Service 8.7 Factory Reset Menu It is sometimes necessary to reset instrument parameter values or to clear the contents of curve memory. Both are stored in nonvolatile memory called NOVRAM, but they can be cleared individually. Instrument calibration is not affected except for Room Temperature Calibration, which should be recalibrated after the parameters are set to default values or any time the thermocouple curve is changed. 8.7.
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8.7.2 Product Information 8.7.2 Product Information Product information for your instrument is also found in the Factory Reset menu.The following information is provided: D D D D 8.8 Error Messages 135 Firmware version Serial number Option card type Option card serial number The following are error messages that may be displayed by the Model 335 during operation. Message DISABL Description Input is disabled. Refer to section 4.4. NOCURV Input has no curve.Refer to section 4.4.7. S.
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136 cHAPTER 8: Service 8.10 Rear Panel Connector Definition The sensor input, heater output, terminal block, USB, and IEEE-488 connectors are defined in FIGURE 8-3 through FIGURE 8-7. For thermocouple connector details refer to FIGURE 3-7.
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8.
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138 cHAPTER 8: Service 8.10.1 IEEE-488 Interface Connector Connect to the IEEE-488 Interface connector on the Model 335 rear with cables specified in the IEEE-488 standard. The cable has 24 conductors with an outer shield. The connectors are 24-way Amphenol 57 Series (or equivalent) with piggyback receptacles to allow daisy chaining in multiple device systems. The connectors are secured in the receptacles by two captive locking screws with metric threads.
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8.11 Electrostatic Discharge 8.11 Electrostatic Discharge 139 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) may damage electronic parts, assemblies, and equipment. ESD is a transfer of electrostatic charge between bodies at different electrostatic potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field. The low-energy source that most commonly destroys Electrostatic Discharge sensitive devices is the human body, which generates and retains static electricity.
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140 cHAPTER 8: Service The components on this board are electrostatic discharge sensitive (ESDS) devices.  Follow ESD procedures in section 8.11 to avoid inducing an electrostatic discharge (ESD) into the device. 1. Turn the Model 335 power switch Off. Unplug the power cord from the wall outlet, then the instrument. 2. Stand the unit on its face. Use the hex driver to remove the four screws on both sides of the top cover; set aside these screws. Loosen the two rear bottom screws (FIGURE 8-9).
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8.13 Firmware Updates 141 10. Insert the 14-pin ribbon cable connector plug into the socket on the option board. Orient the ribbon cable connector plug so that the arrow nub slides into the plug slot, and the ribbon cable exits downward (FIGURE 8-11). FIGURE 8-11 Proper orientation of the ribbon cable connector plug 11. Plug the other end of the cable into the main board, option connector J12  (FIGURE 8-11). 12. Slide the top panel forward in the track provided on each side of the unit. 13.
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142 cHAPTER 8: Service 8.14 Technical Inquiries Refer to the following sections when contacting Lake Shore for application assistance or product service. Questions regarding product applications, price, availability and shipments should be directed to sales. Questions regarding instrument calibration or repair should be directed to instrument service. Do not return a product to Lake Shore without a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number (section 8.14.2). 8.14.
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8.14.4 Shipping Charges 143 8.14.4 Shipping Charges All shipments to Lake Shore are to be made prepaid by the customer. Equipment serviced under warranty will be returned prepaid by Lake Shore. Equipment serviced out-of-warranty will be returned FOB Lake Shore. 8.14.5 Restocking Fee Lake Shore reserves the right to charge a restocking fee for items returned for exchange or reimbursement. | www.lakeshore.
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144 cHAPTER 8: Service Model 335 Temperature Controller
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145 Appendix A: Temperature Scales A.1 Definition Temperature is a fundamental unit of measurement that describes the kinetic and potential energies of the atoms and molecules of bodies. When the energies and velocities of the molecules in a body are increased, the temperature is increased whether the body is a solid, liquid, or gas. Thermometers are used to measure temperature. The temperature scale is based on the temperature at which ice, liquid water, and water vapor are all in equilibrium.
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146 Appendices °F °C K °F °C K °F °C K -459.67 -273.15 0 -292 -180 93.15 -129.67 -89.82 183.33 -454 -270 3.15 -290 -178.89 94.26 -120 -84.44 188.71 -450 -267.78 5.37 -289.67 -178.71 94.44 -119.67 -84.44 188.89 -449.67 -267.59 5.56 -280 -173.33 99.82 -117.67 -83.15 190 -441.67 -263.15 10 -279.67 -173.15 100 -112 -80 193.15 -440 -262.22 10.93 -274 -170 103.15 -110 -78.89 194.26 -439.67 -262.04 11.11 -270 -167.78 105.57 -109.67 -78.
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147 Appendix B: Handling Liquid Helium and Nitrogen B.1 General Use of liquid helium (LHe) and liquid nitrogen (LN2) is often associated with the Model 335 temperature controller. Although not explosive, there are a number of safety considerations to keep in mind in the handling of LHe and LN2. B.2 Properties LHe and LN2 are colorless, odorless, and tasteless gases. Gaseous nitrogen makes up about 78 percent of the Earth’s atmosphere, while helium comprises only about 5 ppm.
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148 Appendices Liquid helium and liquid nitrogen are potential asphyxiants and can cause rapid suffocation without warning. Store and use in area with adequate ventilation. DO NOT vent container in confined spaces. DO NOT enter confined spaces where gas may be present unless area has been well ventilated. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical help.
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149 Appendix C: Curve Tables Standard curve tables included in the Model 335 temperature controller are  as follows: C.
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150 Appendices Breakpoint Volts Temp (K) Breakpoint Volts Temp (K) Breakpoint Volts 1 0.090570 500.00 26 1.01064 87.0 51 1.19475 Temp (K) 20.2 2 0.110239 491.0 27 1.02125 81.0 52 1.24208 17.10 3 0.136555 479.5 28 1.03167 75.0 53 1.26122 15.90 4 0.179181 461.5 29 1.04189 69.0 54 1.27811 14.90 5 0.265393 425.5 30 1.05192 63.0 55 1.29430 14.00 6 0.349522 390.0 31 1.06277 56.4 56 1.31070 13.15 7 0.452797 346.0 32 1.07472 49.0 57 1.32727 12.
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151 DT-500-D Curve DT-500-E1 Curve Breakpoint Temp (K) Volts Temp (K) Volts 23 021.0 1.35050 022.0 1.32570 24 017.0 1.63590 018.0 1.65270 25 015.0 1.76100 013.0 1.96320 26 013.0 1.90660 009.0 2.17840 27 009.0 2.11720 004.0 2.53640 28 003.0 2.53660 003.0 2.59940 29 001.4 2.59840 001.4 2.65910 TABLE C-4 Lake Shore DT-500 series silicon diode curves (no longer in production PT-100 PT-1000 Breakpoint Temp (K) Ohms ()) Temp (K) Ohms ()) 1 030.0 3.820 030.0 38.
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152 Appendices Breakpoint log ) Temp (K) Breakpoint log ) Temp (K) Breakpoint log ) Temp (K) 1 3.02081 40.0 36 3.05186 13.50 71 3.17838 2.96 2 3.02133 38.8 37 3.05322 13.10 72 3.18540 2.81 3 3.02184 37.7 38 3.05466 12.70 73 3.19253 2.67 4 3.02237 36.6 39 3.05618 12.30 74 3.20027 2.53 5 3.02294 35.5 40 3.05780 11.90 75 3.20875 2.39 6 3.02353 34.4 41 3.05952 11.50 76 3.21736 2.26 7 3.02411 33.4 42 3.06135 11.10 77 3.22675 2.13 8 3.
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153 Breakpoint log ) Temp (K) Breakpoint log ) Temp (K) Breakpoint log ) Temp (K) 1 3.35085 40.0 34 3.40482 11.45 67 3.52772 2.17 2 3.35222 38.5 35 3.40688 11.00 68 3.53459 2.04 3 3.35346 37.2 36 3.40905 10.55 69 3.54157 1.92 4 3.35476 35.9 37 3.41134 10.10 70 3.54923 1.80 5 3.35612 34.6 38 3.41377 9.65 71 3.55775 1.68 6 3.35755 33.3 39 3.41606 9.25 72 3.56646 1.57 7 3.35894 32.1 40 3.41848 8.85 73 3.57616 1.46 8 3.36039 30.9 41 3.
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154 Break- point Appendices mV Temp (K) Breakpoint mV Temp (K) Breakpoint mV Temp (K) Breakpoint mV Temp (K) 1 -6.45774 3.15 48 -6.10828 57.4 95 -2.95792 192 142 18.1482 714.5 2 -6.45733 3.68 49 -6.08343 59.4 96 -2.82629 196 143 19.2959 741.5 3 -6.45688 4.2 50 -6.05645 61.5 97 -2.6762 200.5 144 20.8082 777 4 -6.45632 4.78 51 -6.02997 63.5 98 -2.52392 205 145 23.1752 832.5 5 -6.45565 5.4 52 -6.00271 65.5 99 -2.36961 209.5 146 24.
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155 Breakpoint mV Temp (K) Breakpoint mV Temp (K) Breakpoint mV Temp (K) 1 -9.834960 3.15 55 -8.713010 77.50 109 0.701295 285.0 2 -9.834220 3.59 56 -8.646710 80.00 110 1.061410 291.00 3 -9.833370 4.04 57 -8.578890 82.50 111 1.424820 297.00 4 -9.832260 4.56 58 -8.509590 85.00 112 1.791560 303.00 5 -9.830920 5.12 59 -8.438800 87.50 113 2.161610 309.00 6 -9.829330 5.72 60 -8.366570 90.00 114 2.534960 315.00 7 -9.827470 6.35 61 -8.292900 92.
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156 Appendices Breakpoint 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 mV Temp (K) Breakpoint mV Temp (K) Breakpoint mV Temp (K) -6.257510 -6.257060 -6.256520 -6.255810 -6.254950 -6.253920 -6.252780 -6.251380 -6.249730 -6.247810 -6.245590 -6.243040 -6.240300 -6.237210 -6.233710 -6.229800 -6.225630 -6.221000 -6.215860 -6.210430 -6.204430 -6.198680 -6.191780 -6.184530 -6.176930 -6.
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157 Breakpoint mV Breakpoint mV Temp (K) 32 -2.24537 160 6.35 33 -2.06041 170 -4.60347 8.15 34 -1.86182 180.5 4 -4.58043 9.75 35 -1.66004 191 5 -4.53965 12.5 36 -1.47556 200.5 6 -4.47226 16.95 37 -1.0904 220 7 -4.43743 19.3 38 -0.73397 237.5 8 -4.39529 22.2 39 -0.68333 240 9 -4.34147 26 40 -0.3517 256 10 -4.29859 29.1 41 -0.2385 261.5 11 -4.26887 31.3 42 0.078749 277 12 -4.22608 34.5 43 0.139668 280 13 -4.2018 36.3 44 0.426646 294.
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158 Appendices Breakpoint mV Temp (K) Breakpoint mV Temp (K) Breakpoint mV 1 -5.279520 3.15 35 -3.340820 115.00 69 1.313400 2 -5.272030 3.78 36 -3.253410 119.50 70 1.511140 341.50 3 -5.263500 4.46 37 -3.165360 124.00 71 1.709250 350.50 4 -5.253730 5.20 38 -3.076690 128.50 72 1.928940 360.50 5 -5.242690 6.00 39 -2.977480 133.50 73 2.127070 369.50 6 -5.229730 6.90 40 -2.877550 138.50 74 2.324710 378.50 7 -5.214770 7.90 41 -2.776950 143.