Ultrameter III™ Operation Manual MODEL 9PTK 27 April 11
The 9P titration kit (with bludock option) Comes with Everything You See Here 3 6 7 12 13 14 8 15 4 9 10 11 16 17 1 19 18 5 2 22 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 20 21 PLEASE CHECK THE CONTENTS OF YOUR KIT! Ultrameter III™ Model 9P Cell Extender Model TKCE Foam-lined hard carry case M’PET 100µL fixed volume pipette Model FVMP-100 12 disposable pipette tips 2oz. bottle of Alkalinity Standard Solution Model ALK-1002OZ 2oz.
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I. INTRODUCTION Thank you for selecting the feature-packed Ultrameter III™, one of the Myron L Company’s latest in an increasing line of instruments utilizing advanced microprocessor-based circuitry and SMT manufacturing processes. This circuitry makes the instrument extremely accurate, reliable and very easy to use. The Ultrameter III™ has been designed to include titration measurements for Alkalinity, Hardness and LSI and an LSI Calculator for water balance analysis.
II. FEATURES and SPECIFICATIONS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • A. Features Alkalinity and Hardness Conductometric Titrations Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) Titrations and Calculator ORP/Free Chlorine mode selection Superior resolution 4 digit LCD displays full 9999 µS/ppm Cond/TDS Accuracy of ±1% of reading / ±0.
C. Specification Chart Parameters Conductivity TDS Resistivity Ranges Resolution Accuracy 0.01 (<100 µS) 0-9999 µS/cm 0.1 (<1000 µS) 10-200 mS/cm 1.0 (<10 mS) in 5 0.01 (<100 mS) autoranges 0.1 (<200 mS) 0.01 (<100 ppm) 0-9999 ppm 0.1 (<1000 ppm) 10-200 ppt 1.0 (<10 ppt) in 5 0.01 (<100 ppt) autoranges 0.1 (<200 ppt) 0.01 (<100 KΩ) 10KΩ-30MΩ 0.1 (<1000 KΩ) 0.
PLEASE NOTE: Because of our commitment to product improvement, the substance and style of this manual may change. When changes are made, the updated manual is posted for download in PDF format from the Myron L Website: www.myronl.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 9PTK Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Instrument Illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii I. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. FEATURES and SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 A. Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 B. General Specifications . . . . . . . .
VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. 6 D. Procedure to Select a Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Application of User Solution Type . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. User Programmable Temperature Compensation (Tempco) . . . . . . . . . 2. Disabling Temperature Compensation . . . . 3. User Programmable Conductivity to TDS Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CALIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Calibration Intervals . . . . . . .
XVII. CARE and MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Temperature Extremes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Battery Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. pH/ORP Sensor Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Cleaning Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XVIII. TROUBLESHOOTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIX. ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
III. RULES of OPERATION A. Operation NOTE: The cell extender does not interfere with normal operation. Using the instrument is simple: • • • • • • • • • • Individual or multiple parameter readings may be obtained by filling individual sensors or entire cell cup area. Rinse the conductivity cell and/or pH/ORP sensor well with test solution 3 times and refill. Temperature and/or measurement extremes will require additional rinses for maximum accuracy.
2. COND, RES and TDS Keys These 3 keys are used with solution in the Conductivity Cell. Precautions: • While filling cell cup, ensure no air bubbles cling on the cell wall. • If the proper solution is not selected (KCl, NaCl, 442 or User), refer to Why Solution Selection is Available, pg. 22 and Procedure to Select a Solution, pg. 23. a. COND Key Solution to be tested is introduced into the conductivity cell and a press of displays conductivity with units on the right.
4. pH and ORP/Fr Chl Keys Measurements are made on solution held in the pH/ORP sensor well (ref. pH and ORP/Free Chlorine, pg. 62). The protective cap is removed and the sensor well is filled and rinsed with the sample enough times to completely replace the storage solution. After use, the pH/ORP sensor well must be refilled with Myron L Storage Solution, and the protective cap reinstalled securely (ref. Maintenance of the pH/ORP Sensor, pg. 11 and Cleaning Sensors, 2. pH/ORP, pg. 50). a.
the Memory Store and Memory Recall functions. A single press steps the display and holding either key scrolls the value rapidly. While in calibration or calculator mode, the keys step or scroll the displayed value up or down. While in Memory Recall, the keys scroll the display up and down through the stack of records (ref. Memory Recall, pg. 37). IV. AFTER USING the Ultrameter III A. Maintenance of the Conductivity Cell Rinse out the cell cup with clean water. Do not scrub the cell.
1. Pipette Instructions Always use a clean tip when changing solutions! To install a tip, press the wide end of the tip on the end of the pipette until it is secure. To remove a tip, simply pull it off the end of the pipette. Shaft Coupling Plunger Button CE Plunger Rod 100µl 100 µL NOTE: The accuracy of titration measurements is affected by your technique. Be careful when removing the cap of the cell extender to add reagents.
conductivity cell being careful not to touch the tip to the existing solution. Depress the top of the pipette to the SECOND STOP (all the way down) being careful to keep the tip over the cell. Release the plunger button and let it return to the REST position. 2. T-Plunger Instructions To PLUNGE the cell: With the cell extender installed and solution in the cell, insert the tip of the T-plunger in the cell extender until the arms of the T-plunger are flush against the rim of the cell extender.
Agitate and hold as many times as prompted. Allow the display to cycle through all screens, e.g., “EdTA”, “AGit” and “HOLd”, at least once. Continue holding steady until “PrES CAL” displays. Hold the unit steady before pressing CAL to accept readings. 1. “HOLd”: When “HOLd” displays, hold the 9P still with bottom of case parallel to the ground. C. Measuring Conductivity & Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Rinse cell cup 3 times with sample to be measured.
3. Rinse the conductivity cell cup and cell extender 3 times with solution to be measured. 4. Refill cell cup and cell extender with sample solution. 5. Insert T-plunger into open cell extender until the “T” rests flush on the lip of the cell extender. This will cause fluid beyond what is required for titration to overflow the cell extender. 6. Rotate the T-plunger from side to side, allowing the arms of the T-plunger to slide along the rim of the cell extender. 7.
14. unit as prompted, then pressing CAL as prompted. An alkalinity value will display when the titration measurement is complete. Note the value for your records or press MS to store the value. You can begin another Alkalinity titration by pressing ALK. The unit will automatically power off after the period of inactivity defined in the AUTO OFF setting (ref. AUTO OFF, pg. 43). F. Measuring Hardness 1.
7. Carefully remove the T-plunger so as not to flick or spill remaining sample. Tap the T-plunger on the side of the cell extender to remove sample that may be stuck to the T-plunger. 8. Press 9. 10. 11. . “CA” alternating with “tdS” displays along with “PPM” sample value. “PrES CAL” displays when the reading stabilizes. Press CAL. “Add” alternating with “C1” will display; then “AGit” alternating with “HOLd” will display.
18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. cell, close the cell extender cap securely to prevent any solution from spilling out, then agitate and hold. Repeat as prompted. “PrES CAL” will display. Press CAL to advance to first titration prompt. “Add” alternating with either “EdTA LC” (Reagent H2) or “EdTA HC” (Reagent H3) will display; then “AGit t1” alternating with “HOLd” will display. The number after “t” indicates which titration point you are on. The number “1” here indicates this is the first titration point.
All other values will display as default. You can adjust any or all of the values displayed to determine the effect of the change(s) on the LSI value. 1. Measuring LSI NOTE: The unit will automatically power off after the period of inactivity defined in the AUTO OFF setting (ref. AUTO OFF, pg. 43).
To compute saturation index using hypothetical alkalinity, hardness, pH or temperature values: 1. Press . 2. Either the last stored value or the default value of “120” is displayed. 3. Press the UP or DOWN keys to adjust the alkalinity value or leave as displayed. 4. Press CAL to accept and advance to the hardness value screen. Either the last stored value or the default value of “166” is displayed. 5. Press CAL to accept hardness value and advance to the pH value screen.
of table salt and tap water (ref. Cleaning Sensors, 2. pH/ORP, pg. 50). Do not allow pH/ORP sensor to dry out. I. ORP and Free Chlorine Modes The Ultrameter III features the ability to measure the activity of oxidizing or reducing chemicals in solution as ORP mV and the level of residual sanitizer as ppm free chlorine. mV and ppm free chlorine are the two most commonly used sanitizer measurement units in water quality management. 1.
2. Remove protective cap by rotating while grasping and pulling up. 3. Rinse sensor well and cell cup 3 times with sample to be measured. Shake out each sample to remove any residual liquid. 4. Refill both sensor well and cell cup with sample. 5. Press 6. Take reading. 7. Press MS to store reading in memory, if desired. IMPORTANT: After use, fill pH/ORP sensor well with Myron L pH Sensor Storage Solution and replace protective cap.
compensated conductivity (ref. Cond. Conversion to TDS, pg. 59). B. The 4 Solution Types On the left side of the display is the salt solution characteristic used to model temperature compensation of conductivity and its TDS conversion. Generally, using KCl for conductivity, NaCl for resistivity, and 442 (Natural Water characteristic) for TDS will reflect present industry practice for standardization. This is how your instrument is shipped from the factory (ref. Solution Characteristics, pg. 59).
E. Application of User Solution Type 1. User Programmable Temperature Compensation (Tempco) This feature allows you to change your Ultrameter III’s temperature compensation factor to another factor between 0-9.99%/°C (ref. Temperature Compensation, pg. 56). This feature does not apply to pH or ORP. a. As in Procedure to Select a Solution, pg. 23, select User mode. b. With User mode now selected, press . You may now adjust a temperature compensation from .00%/°C to 9.99%/°C, by pressing c.
c. Press twice (3 times if in TDS mode). Temperature compensation is now disabled (=0) for measurements in User mode. 3. User Programmable Conductivity to TDS Ratio This feature allows you to select a custom conductivity to TDS conversion ratio within the range of 0.20-7.99 for User mode measurements. To determine the conversion ratio for a custom solution of known TDS ppm value, measure the solution conductivity at 25ºC with the Ultrameter III and divide the ppm value by the µS value.
VII. CALIBRATION A. Calibration Intervals Generally, calibration is recommended about once per month with Conductivity or TDS solutions. Calibration with pH solutions should be checked twice a month. Calibration of ORP is not necessary (ref. calibration intervals table under Calibration Steps below). B. Rules for Calibration of the Ultrameter III 1.
To bypass a calibration, simply press value as-is. to accept the present b. Leaving Calibration Pressing accepts calibration and exits CAL mode if there are no more steps. Calibration is complete when the “CAL” icon goes out. Pressing any measurement key during calibration cancels changes not yet accepted and exits calibration mode. Leaving pH after the 2nd buffer results in the same gain being entered in place of the 3rd buffer. 2.
e. Press once to confirm new value and end the calibration sequence for this particular solution type. If another solution type is also to be measured, change solution type now and repeat this procedure. 2. User Calibration Conductivity/TDS Instrument must be in User mode, see Solution Selection, pg. 22. a. Rinse conductivity cell three times with your standard. b. Refill conductivity cell with same standard. c. Press or , then press twice in COND/three times in TDS.
d. Press to accept the factory calibration setting. 5. Alkalinity Calibration Prepare the materials required for titration: Alkalinity Standard Solution 100PPM, Reagent: A1, cell extender, T-plunger, and 100 µL pipette with a clean tip installed. NOTE: If you do not complete each titration point within the 3-minute timeout period, the unit exits the Alkalinity function. Between titrations, the unit will automatically power off after the period of inactivity defined in the AUTO OFF setting (ref.
8. Press . “AL” alternating with “tdS” briefly displays along with the “PPM” value of the sample. “PrES CAL” will display when the reading stabilizes. 9. Press CAL to accept and advance to the first titration prompt. “Add” alternating with “A1” displays; then “AGit t1” alternating with “HOLd” displays. (The number after “t” indicates which titration point you are on. The number “1” here indicates this is the first titration point. Subsequent titration points are sequenced numerically: 2, 3, 4, etc.
1. Ensure pH protective cap is secure to avoid contamination. 2. Install the cell extender by pushing the base of the cell extender into the conductivity cell until it is fully seated. 3. Rinse the conductivity cell cup and cell extender 3 times with Hardness Standard 200PPM. 4. Refill cell cup and cell extender with Hardness Standard 200PPM. 5. Insert T-plunger into open cell extender until the “T” rests flush on the lip of the cell extender.
to the conductivity cell to release any CO2 bubbles clinging to the conductivity cell/cell cup extender wall. This effectively reduces any bicarbonate alkalinity in the sample and prepares it for titration. After 120 seconds, “Add” alternating with “H1 1” will display. (The “1” indicates the first addition of sodium hydroxide.) Then “AGit” alternating with “HOLd” will display. 13. Change the pipette tip. 14.
A hardness value will display when the titration measurement is complete. 24. Press CAL. The “CAL” icon will display. 25. Adjust the displayed value to “200” using UP or DOWN key. The unit will not allow you to scroll up or down to “200” if it is beyond ±10% of the reading. Ref. Total Return to Factory Settings “FAC SEL”, pg. 41 to reset the Hardness Calibration to the “FAC” setting along with all other calibrations. Press CAL to accept. 26.
5. Press or until the display reads “7.00”. NOTE: Attempted calibration of >1 pH point from factory calibration will cause “FAC” to appear. This indicates the need for sensor replacement (ref. Troubleshooting pg. 52) or fresh buffer solution. The “FAC” internal electronic calibration is not intended to replace calibration with pH buffers. It assumes an ideal pH sensor Each “FAC” indicates a factory setting for that calibration step (i.e., 7, acid, base).
3. Rinse sensor well 3 times with acid or base buffer solution. 4. Refill sensor well again with same buffer solution. 5. Press or 6. Press to accept 2nd point of calibration. Now the until display agrees with buffer value. display indicates the next type of buffer to be used. Single point Gain Calibration is complete. You may continue for the 3rd point of Calibration (2nd Gain) or exit by pressing any measurement key.
B. Calibration Tracking Records To minimize your calibration effort, keep records. If adjustments you are making are minimal for your application, you can check less often. Changes in conductivity calibration should be recorded in percent. Changes in pH calibration are best recorded in pH units. Calibration is purposely limited in the Ultrameter III to ±10% for the conductivity cell, as any change beyond that indicates damage, not drift.
DATE are also recorded. To download the memory to a computer, ref. bluDock™ Wireless Data Transfer Instructions, pg. 47. 1. 2. A. Memory Storage While displaying a measurement, press displayed value. to record the “MEMORY” will appear and the temperature display will be momentarily replaced by a number (1-100) showing the position of the record. Figure 9 shows a reading of 1806 µS stored in memory record #4. 1. B. Memory Recall Press any measurement key. 2.
1. Press and scroll to location #3. 2. Press and HOLD 3. Fill pH/ORP sensor well with sample. 4. Press to clear old record #3. to measure sample and press to store reading in location #3. 5. The next memory stored will go into location #8. 6. To clear all records: After pressing , scroll down. “CLr ALL” will be displayed (see Figure 10). 7. Press . All records will be cleared. X. TIME and DATE The Time and Date may easily be changed as you travel. A.
4. Press or to change the time. 5. Press to accept the change (new time). B. Setting DATE Example shown in Figure 12 is in US format, i.e., mo/dy/yr. Figure 12 NOTE: The default format is US. Date format may be changed (ref. Date Format “US and International (Int)”, pg. 40). 1. Press 2. Press . repeatedly until the date is displayed (scrolling through stored readings, “PC OFF”, “CLr ALL” and time to the date, e.g., “03.05 10” (Figure 12), March 5, 2010). 3. Press to initiate.
4. Press or to change the YEAR. 5. Press to accept the change (new year). 6. Press or 7. Press to accept the change (new month), (see Figure 14). 8. Press the 9. Press to change the month. or to change the day. to accept the change (new day) (see Figure 15). C. DATE FORMAT “US & International (Int)” 1. Press . 2. Press repeatedly until the format is displayed (scrolling 3. Press to change.
4. Press any measurement key or allow to automatically turn off. XI. TEMPERATURE FORMAT “Centigrade & Fahrenheit” 1. Press 2. Press to display the stored memory records. 3. Press repeatedly until you pass the “US” or “Int” date . format location. The display will show a “C” or “F” (see Figures 18 and 19). 4. Press to switch units. 5. Press to accept unit preference for all temperature readings. NOTE: Tempco will still be shown in %/°C. XII.
2. Press to display the stored memory records. 3. Press repeatedly until you pass the “CLr ALL” and the C-F locations. The display will show a “FAC SEL” (see Figure 20). 4. Press to accept the resetting. Display will return to Conductivity. XIII. CELL CHECK The cell check verifies the cleanliness of the conductivity/TDS/ resistivity sensor. In normal use the cell may become dirty or coated and require cleaning. If the display is showing “.00” when the cell cup is dry, the sensor is probably clean.
displayed (see Figure 22). If cell is dirty, “CELL cLn” will be displayed (see Figure 23) (ref. Cleaning Sensors, pg. 50). XIV. AUTO OFF Auto off allows the user to adjust the time the instrument is ON (up to 75 seconds) after each press of a key. Default time is 15 seconds with 60 seconds in “CAL” (calibration) mode. 1. Press . 2. Press to display the stored memory records. 3. Press repeatedly until you pass the “CELL ch” location. The display will show “Auto oFF” (see Figure 24). 4.
5. Press or to change the amount of time (see Figure 26). Maximum time is shown. 6. Press to accept the change (new time). XV. User mode CALIBRATION LINC™ FUNCTION The Linc™ function allows easy calibration when in User mode and the user does not have a user standard solution to calibrate the instrument. This function will ensure more repeatable and accurate measurements than many other calibration methods.
Follow the steps below to set either the KCl, NaCl or 442 calibration factor to the User solution mode. 1. Press measurement key desired to be “Linked”, i.e., or , . 2. Place the Ultrameter III in User mode (ref. SOLUTION SELECTION, pg. 22, for selecting the User mode). 3. Press arrow key until the menu “Linc” appears (see Figure 27). 4. Press key. The instrument will display “SEL” and the “User” Icon (see Figure 28).
If none of the Solution Selection icons are displayed (i.e., KCl, NaCl or 442), nothing has been linked to User mode. 6. Press key to accept the setting. Pressing any of the measurement keys will exit without changing the setting. User mode “Linc” is now complete. The User mode will now use the calibration gain constant used for the calibration of the Standard Solution as outlined above. C.
2. Calibration of the Ultrameter III Gain Factor for User mode is not available when the calibration linc has been established. The other calibration functions (i.e., Temperature Compensation %/C settings and TDS Ratio settings) are still intact. To perform a calibration of the User mode as described in User Calibration Conductivity/TDS, pg. 28, the User mode Linc should be canceled. See above, “Canceling User mode calibration “Linc””. 3.
For computers with Bluetooth capability/Bluetooth dongle installed: 1. First time use of the bluDock: Press any parameter button to turn the Ultrameter III on. 2. Put the Ultrameter III in “PC On” mode by pressing the key until “PC OFF” appears (see Figure 30). 3. Then press the Figure 31). key. “PC On” will be displayed (see NOTE: “PC Ini” may momentarily be displayed while initializing (see Figure 32). 4. Add bluDock to your Bluetooth devices per your operating system procedure.
software application. 2. Verify that the port selected matches the COM port number noted (first time only). This is the outgoing COM port on Windows XP. 3. In the U2CI application, click on the data download button. A data transfer bar will appear while the data is being downloaded. Once downloaded, the data may be manipulated, printed or stored within the Myron L U2CI application, or the data may be exported to another more powerful spreadsheet, such as Excel*.
B. Battery Replacement Dry Instrument THOROUGHLY. Remove the four (4) bottom screws. Open instrument carefully. Carefully detach battery from circuit board. Replace with 9 Volt alkaline battery. Replace bottom, ensuring the sealing gasket is installed in the groove of the top half of case. Re-install screws, tighten evenly and securely. NOTE: Because of nonvolatile EEPROM circuitry, all data stored in memory and all calibration settings are protected even during power loss or battery replacement.
Then use one of the following methods: 1. Pour a HOT salt solution ~60°C/140°F — a potassium chloride (KCI) solution such as Myron L pH/ORP Sensor Storage Solution is preferable, but HOT tap water with table salt (NaCl) will work fine — in the sensor well and allow to cool. Retest. or 2. Pour DI water in the sensor well and allow to stand for no more than 4 hours (longer can deplete the reference solution and damage the glass bulb). Retest. If neither method is successful, the sensor must be replaced.
XVIII. 52 TROUBLESHOOTING CHART Symptom Possible Cause No display, even though measurement key pressed Battery weak or not connected. Inaccurate pH readings 1. pH calibration needed. Ref. pH Cal., pg. 33. 2. Cross-contamination from residual pH buffers or samples in sensor well. 3. Calibration with expired pH buffers. No response to pH changes Sensor bulb is cracked or an electromechanical short caused by an internal crack. Will not adjust down to pH 7 pH/ORP sensor has lost KCl.
Corrective Action Check connections or replace battery. Ref. Battery Replacement, pg. 50. 1. Recalibrate instrument. 2. Thoroughly rinse sensor well. 3. Recalibrate using fresh buffers. Ref. pH Buffer Solutions, pg. 55. Replace pH/ORP sensor. Ref. Replacement pH/ORP Sensor, pg. 56. Clean and rejuvenate sensor (ref. Cleaning Sensors, pg. 50) and recalibrate. If no improvement, replace pH/ORP sensor (ref. Replacement pH/ORP Sensor, pg. 56). Clean and rejuvenate sensor (ref. Cleaning Sensors, pg.
XIX. ACCESSORIES NOTE: MSDSs are available on the Myron L website for all solutions: http://www.myronl.com/main/Material_Safety_DS_DL.htm A. Conductivity/TDS Standard Solutions Your Ultrameter III has been factory calibrated with the appropriate Myron L Company NIST traceable KCl, NaCl, and our own 442™ standard solutions.
2. Hardness Standard Solution HARD(CaCl2)-200 solution is a solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2) equivalent to 200 ppm calcium carbonate that is used for the hardness calibration: Order HARD-200. C. Titration Reagent Solutions Titration reagents are required for all conductometric titrations — alkalinity, hardness and LSI. LSI titrations require both alkalinity and hardness reagents. Reagents are available in 2 oz. and quarts/liters. 1.
G. Soft Protective Carry Cases Padded Nylon carrying case features a belt clip for hands-free mobility. Two colors to choose from; Blue - Model #: UCC Desert Tan - Model #: UCCDT H. Hard Protective Carry Cases Large, foam-lined case without UMIII 9P includes the 100 µL pipette, 12 disposable pipette tips, 3 buffers (pH 4, 7, and 10), pH/ORP sensor storage solution, ORP Conditioner solution, reagents A1, C1, H1, H2, H3, and standard solutions, KCI-7000, 442-3000, ALK-100 and HARD200.
a method that ignores fill level, electrolysis, electrode characteristics, etc., and features a microprocessor to perform temperature compensation. In simpler instruments, conductivity values are usually assigned an average correction similar to that of KCl solutions for correction to 25°C. The correction to an equivalent KCl solution is a standard set by chemists that standardizes the measurements and allows calibration with precise KCl solutions.
Suppose a measurement at 15°C/59°F is 900 microsiemens of true uncompensated conductivity. Using a 442 correction of 10 (degrees below 25) x 1.68% indicates the solution is reading 16.8% low. For correction, dividing by (.832) yields 1082 microsiemens as a compensated reading. A KCl correction of 10 (degrees below 25) x 1.9% indicates the solution is reading 19% low. Dividing by (.81) yields 1111 microsiemens for a compensated reading. The difference is 29 out of 1082 = 2.7%. D.
E. Other Solutions A salt solution like seawater or liquid fertilizer acts like NaCl. An internal correction for NaCl can be selected for greatest accuracy with such solutions. Many solutions are not at all similar to KCl, NaCl or 442. A sugar solution, or a silicate, or a calcium salt at a high or low temperature may require a “User” value peculiar to the application to provide readings close to the true compensated conductivity.
Company calls “natural water”. These are modeled in a mixture called “442™” which the Myron L Company markets for use as a calibration standard, as it does standard KCl and NaCl solutions. The Ultrameter III contains algorithms for these 3 most commonly referenced compounds. The solution type in use is displayed on the left. Besides KCl, NaCl, and 442, there is the “User” choice.
A. Conductivity Characteristics When taking conductivity measurements, the Solution Selection determines the characteristic assumed as the instrument reports what a measured conductivity would be if it were at 25°C. The characteristic is represented by the tempco, expressed in %/°C. If a solution of 100 µS at 25°C increases to 122 µS at 35°C, then a 22% increase has occurred over this change of 10°C. The solution is then said to have a tempco of 2.2 %/°C.
XXIII. pH and ORP/Free Chlorine A. pH 1. pH as an Indicator pH is the measurement of Acidity or Alkalinity of an aqueous solution. It is also stated as the Hydrogen Ion activity of a solution. pH measures the effective, not the total, acidity of a solution. A 4% solution of acetic acid (pH 4, vinegar) can be quite palatable, but a 4% solution of sulfuric acid (pH 0) is a violent poison. pH provides the needed quantitative information by expressing the degree of activity of an acid or base.
Reference Junction, is of the same construction with a porous plug in place of a glass barrier to allow the junction fluid to contact the test solution without significant migration of liquids through the plug material. Figure 33 shows a typical 2 component pair. Migration does occur, and this limits the lifetime of a pH junction from depletion of solution inside the reference junction or from contamination.
5. Sources of Error The basics are presented in pH and ORP/FREE CHLORINE, pg. 62. a. Reference Junction The most common sensor problem will be a clogged junction because a sensor was allowed to dry out. The symptom is a drift in the “zero” setting at 7 pH. This is why the Ultrameter III 9P does not allow more than 1 pH unit of offset during calibration. At that point the junction is unreliable. b. Sensitivity Problems Sensitivity is the receptiveness of the glass surface.
same reference is used for both the pH and the ORP sensors. Both pH and ORP will indicate 0 for a neutral solution. Calibration at zero compensates for error in the reference junction. A zero calibration solution for ORP is not practical, so the Ultrameter III uses the offset value determined during calibration to 7 in pH calibration (pH 7 = 0 mV). Sensitivity of the ORP surface is fixed, so there is no gain adjustment either. 5. Sources of Error The basics are presented in pH and ORP/Free Chlorine, pg.
XXIV. ALKALINITY, HARDNESS AND LSI FUNCTIONS A. Alkalinity and Hardness Titrations The 9P uses a conductometric method of titration. This means that instead of measuring a color or pH change, it measures the change in conductivity when reagent is added. The way the sample solution behaves is compared to the behavior of solutions of known alkalinity or hardness under the same conditions. The equivalence point is determined from the known data curve that best matches the experimental data. B.
The LSI Calculator allows you to select either ppm or grains of hardness units. The hardness unit conversion is based on the following equivalency: 17.1 ppm (mg/L) = 1 grain XXV. SOFTWARE VERSION Contact the Myron L Company to see if a software upgrade is available. 1. Press any parameter key. 2. Press key until three numbers are displayed as shown in Figure 35. 3. Press any parameter key; instrument will time out in ~15 seconds.
XXVI. GLOSSARY Anions Negatively charged ions. See Solution Characteristics, pg. 59. Algorithm A procedure for solving a mathematical problem. See Temperature Compensation (Tempco) and TDS Derivation, pg. 60. Logarithm An arithmetic function. See pH Units, pg. 62. ORP Oxidation-Reduction Potential or REDOX, See ORP/ Oxidation-Reduction Potential/REDOX, pg. 64. TDS Total Dissolved Solids or the Total Conductive Ions in a solution.
High Performance Features: • Accuracy of ±1% of READING ±.
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