Reference Manual for the Wireless Cable Modem Gateway CG814WG NETGEAR, Inc.
© 2005 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
Declaration of Conformity for R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC Essential requirements – Article 3. Protection requirements for health and safety – Article 3.1a. Testing for electric safety according to EN 60950-1 has been conducted. These are considered relevant and sufficient. Protection requirements for electromagnetic compatibility – Article 3.1b. Testing for electromagnetic compatibility according to EN 301 489-1 and EN 301 489-17 has been conducted. These are considered relevant and sufficient.
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Contents Chapter 1 .................................................................................................................................. About This Manual ...............................................................................................................1-1 Audience, Conventions, Publication Date ......................................................................1-1 Chapter 2 ......................................................................................................
Observe Placement and Range Guidelines .............................................................4-2 Configuring Wireless Settings ........................................................................................4-3 Wireless Network Settings .......................................................................................4-3 Wireless Access Point ..............................................................................................4-4 Restricting Wireless Access by MAC Address ......
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................................7-1 Basic Functions ..............................................................................................................7-1 Power LED Not On ...................................................................................................7-2 Test LED Stays On .................................................................................................
Ad Hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup) .............................................................. A-12 Network Name: Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID) .............................. A-13 Authentication and WEP .............................................................................................. A-13 802.11b Authentication .......................................................................................... A-13 Open System Authentication ............................................
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers ....................... A-20 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers ..................... A-21 Restarting the Network ................................................................................................ A-22 Glossary...............................................................................................................................
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Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 1 About This Manual Congratulations on your purchase of the CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway. The CG814WG provides connection for multiple personal computers to the Internet. It connects directly to your cable line using an embedded DOCSIS 2.0 cable modem. Audience, Conventions, Publication Date This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic-to-intermediate computer and Internet skills.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 1-2 About This Manual
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 2 Introduction This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway. About the CG814WG The NETGEAR CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway connects directly to the wide area network (WAN) using its built-in cable modem. It has multiple options to connect to your local area network (LAN), including a 4-port 10/100 Mbps Ethernet switch, a USB port and an 802.11b wireless Access Point.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway A Powerful, True Firewall Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers, the CG814WG is a true firewall, using stateful packet inspection to defend against hacker attacks. Its firewall features include: • Denial of Service (DoS) protection Automatically detects and thwarts Denial of Service (DoS) attacks such as Ping of Death, SYN Flood, LAND Attack and IP Spoofing.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Configurable Auto Uplink™ Ethernet Connection With its internal 4-port 10/100 switch, the CG814WG can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network. Both the local LAN and the Internet WAN interfaces are autosensing and capable of full-duplex or half-duplex operation. The gateway incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway • Browser-based management Browser-based configuration allows you to easily configure your gateway from almost any type of personal computer, such as Windows, Macintosh, or Linux. A user-friendly Setup Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser-based Web Management Interface. • Diagnostic functions The gateway incorporates built-in diagnostic functions such as Ping, DNS lookup, and remote reboot.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway What’s in the Box? The product package should contain the following items: • • • • • CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway AC power adapter Category 5 (CAT5) Ethernet cable USB cable Resource CD, including: — This manual — Application Notes, Tools, and other helpful information If any of the parts are incorrect, missing, or damaged, contact your NETGEAR dealer.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Table 2-1. LED Descriptions Label Activity Description Power On Off Power is supplied to the gateway. Power is not supplied to the gateway. Test On Off A system failure has occurred. Reboot the gateway. Normal operation. Cable Link On (Green) Off Configuration of the cable interface by your cable service provider is complete. Configuration of the cable interface is still in progress.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The Gateway’s Rear Panel The rear panel of the CG814WG (Figure 2-2) contains the connections identified below. Figure 2-2: CG814WG Rear Panel Viewed from left to right, the rear panel contains the following elements: • 802.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 2-8 Introduction
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 3 Connecting the Gateway to the Internet This chapter describes how to set up the CG814WG Gateway on your Local Area Network (LAN), connect to the Internet and perform basic configuration. What You Will Need Before You Begin You need to prepare these three things before you can connect your gateway to the Internet: 1. A computer properly connected to the gateway as explained below. 2.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Note: Please refer to Appendix C, "Preparing Your Network" for assistance with DHCP configuration.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway — If you will connect with the Ethernet cable, follow the instructions below. — If you will connect with the USB cable, skip to step d below. Note: Set up the CG814WG Gateway using either an Ethernet or USB connection to your computer first, then configure the wireless settings. Detailed instructions on configuring your wireless devices for TCP/IP networking are provided in the next chapter.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Note: The USB connection option is only available for Windows PCs. Also, Windows 95 does not support USB without special operating system upgrades and patches. Install the USB driver. – Connect the USB cable to your modem and plug in the AC power for the gateway. – Use the USB cable to connect your computer to the gateway. – The found new hardware Windows installation wizard will prompt you for the drivers.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Note: To connect to the gateway, your computer needs to be configured to obtain an IP address automatically via DHCP. For instructions on how to do this, please see Appendix C, "Preparing Your Network". a. Using the computer you first used to access your cable modem Internet service, connect to the gateway by typing http://192.168.0.1 in the address field of Internet Explorer or Netscape® Navigator.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Note: If you were unable to connect to the gateway, please refer to “Basic Functions” on page 7-1.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 3. Connect to the Internet. a. You are now connected to the gateway. Click the Basic Settings link on the upper left of the main menu. You are now connected to the gateway’s Basic Settings page, shown below. Figure 3-5: Basic Settings page You are ready to configure your gateway to connect to the Internet. b.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 3-8 Connecting the Gateway to the Internet
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 4 Wireless Configuration This chapter describes how to configure the wireless features of your CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway. Note: If you are configuring the gateway from a wireless PC and you change the gateway’s SSID, channel, or WEP settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you click on Apply. You must then change the wireless settings of your PC to match the gateway’s new settings.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Observe Placement and Range Guidelines The operating distance or range of your wireless connection can vary significantly based on the physical placement of the wireless gateway. Note: Failure to follow these guidelines can result in significant performance degradation or inability to wirelessly connect to the router. For best results, place your gateway: • • • • 4-2 Near the center of the area in which your PCs will operate.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Configuring Wireless Settings To configure the Wireless interface of your gateway, click on the Wireless Settings heading in the Setup section of the browser interface.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway • • Name (SSID) Enter a Service Set ID (SSID) value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. The same SSID must be assigned to all wireless devices in your network. The default SSID is Wireless, but NETGEAR strongly recommends that you change your network’s SSID to a different value. Channel This field determines which operating frequency will be used.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway : Figure 4-2: Wireless Access List menu The Access List displays a list of MAC addresses that will be allowed to connect to the gateway. These PCs must also have the correct SSID and WEP settings. You can add MAC addresses to the Access List by either selecting form the list of Connected Wireless Devices, or by manual entering MAC addresses To restrict access based on MAC addresses: 1.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 3. If no Device Name appears, you can type a descriptive name for the PC that you are adding. 4. Click Add. 5. When you have finished entering MAC addresses, click Apply to save the Access List and return to the Wireless Settings menu. To delete a MAC address from the table, click on it to select it, then click the Delete button.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 5 Protecting Your Network This chapter describes how to use the firewall features of the CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway to protect your network. Protecting Access to Your CG814WG Gateway For security reasons, the gateway has its own user name and password. Also, after a period of inactivity for a set length of time, the administrator login will automatically disconnect.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 2. From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select Set Password to bring up the menu shown in Figure 5-2. Figure 5-2: Set Password menu 3. To change the password, first enter the old password, and then enter the new password twice. 4. Click Apply to save your changes. Note: After changing the password, you will be required to log in again to continue the configuration.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Blocking Keywords and Domains Note: The Block Sites feature must be configured while logged in as a parent. The CG814WG Gateway allows you to restrict access to Internet content based on functions such as web address keywords and web domains. A domain name is the name of a particular web site. For example, for the address www.NETGEAR.com, the domain name is NETGEAR.com. 1. Log in to the gateway at its default LAN address of http://192.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 3. To enable keyword blocking or Domain Blocking, check the appropriate Enable box. 4. Enter Keywords into the Keyword List by typing then in the Add Keyword box, then, click Add Keyword. Some examples of Keyword applications follow: • If the keyword “XXX” is specified, the URL is blocked. • If the keyword “.com” is specified, only websites with other domain suffixes (such as .edu or .
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 1. Log in to the gateway at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its parent default User Name of superuser, default password of password, or using whatever Password and LAN address you have chosen for the gateway in parent mode. 2. Click on the MAC Filtering link of the Advanced menu. At the top of the page is a list of Trusted Devices that are currently connected to the Gateway. Figure 5-4: MAC Filtering menu. 3.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway d. 4. 5. When you have finished entering the MAC address, click Add. To delete a device from the MAC Filtering List: a. Select the MAC address of the PC you want to delete from the list. b. Click Delete to delete the entry. Click Apply to activate the settings. The default blocking schedule is to block access all day. However, you can also block access according to a daily schedule for each PC individually. 1.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway section of the main menu. Figure 5-5: Port Blocking menu • To block outbound traffic, select the service you would like to block from the drop-down list of predefined services. Click Add. • If the service you would like to block is not in the predefined list, you can add a custom service. Enter the range of ports you would like to block and select whether the ports are TCP, UDP or Both. Click Add.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway traffic for a particular service to one local server based on the destination port number. This is also known as Port Forwarding. Note: Some residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway . Figure 5-6: Port Forwarding menu • To forward inbound traffic: 1. Select the service you would like to forward from the drop-down list of predefined services. If the service you would like to forward is not in the predefined list, you can add a custom service. Enter the range of ports you would like to forward and select whether the ports are TCP, UDP or Both. 2.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Using Port Triggering Port Triggering is an advanced feature that allows you to dynamically open inbound ports based on outbound traffic on different ports. This is an advanced feature that can be used for gaming and other internet applications. Port Forwarding can typically be used to enable similar functionality, but it is static and has some limitations.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway the gateway to temporarily forward port 113 to the PC that initiated the login.l Figure 5-7: Port Triggering menu, with IRC example. To configure Port Triggering: 1. In the Trigger Range, enter the outbound ports that will be monitored for activity. This will be the “trigger”. 2. In the Target Range, enter the inbound ports that should be forwarded when the trigger occurs. 3. Select the appropriate protocol: TCP, UDP or Both. 4.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway temporarily disable the rule, or you can select the rule and click Delete. Setting Up A Default DMZ Host The Default DMZ Server feature is helpful when using some online games and videoconferencing applications that are incompatible with NAT. The gateway is programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them, but there are other applications that may not function well.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway You can use the Services page to disable certain gateway features. To disable a feature, remove the check box from its Enable check box. When Firewall Features are enabled, the gateway will perform Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) and protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. When VPN Pass-Through is enabled, IPSec, PPTP and LT2P traffic will be forwarded. When it is disabled, this traffic will be blocked.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 5-14 Protecting Your Network
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 6 Managing Your Network This chapter describes how to perform network management tasks with your CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway. Network Status Information The CG814W provides a variety of status and usage information which is discussed below. Viewing Gateway Status From the Main Menu, under Maintenance, select Gateway Status to view the screen in Figure 6-1.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway This screen shows the following parameters: Table 6-1. Menu 3.2 - Router Status Fields Field Description Information Standard Specification Compliant The specification to which the gateway’s cable interface is compatible. Hardware Version The hardware version of the gateway. Software Version The software version of the gateway. Cable Modem MAC Address The MAC address being used by the Cable Modem port of the gateway.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Connection Status From the Main Menu, under Maintenance, select Connection to view the screen in Figure 6-2. Figure 6-2: Connection screen This screen shows detailed information about the status of the connection to your cable service provider that can be used for troubleshooting. The gateway goes through the following steps to be provisioned 1. Acquire and lock Downstream Channel 2. Acquire upstream parameters and range. 3.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Configuring LAN IP Settings The LAN IP Setup menu allows configuration of LAN IP services such as the IP address of the gateway and DHCP. These features can be found under the Advanced heading in the Main Menu in the LAN IP menu. LAN IP Setup The LAN IP Setup menu is shown in Figure 6-3.0 Figure 6-3: LAN IP setup screen. 6-4 Managing Your NetworkSoftware Version BNX v1.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The gateway is shipped preconfigured to use private IP addresses on the LAN side, and to act as a DHCP server. The gateway’s default LAN IP configuration is: • LAN IP addresses—192.168.0.1 • Subnet mask—255.255.255. These addresses are part of the IETF-designated private address range for use in private networks, and should be suitable in most applications.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Specify the pool of IP addresses to be assigned by setting the Starting IP Address and Ending IP Address. These addresses should be part of the same IP address subnet as the gateway’s LAN IP address. Using the default addressing scheme, you should define a range between 192.168.0.10 and 192.168.0.253. The range of IP addresses between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.9 can be used for devices with fixed addresses.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Viewing and Emailing Logged Information The gateway will log security-related events such as denied incoming service requests and hacker probes. You can enable e-mail notification to receive these logs in an e-mail message. Log entries are described in Table 6-4 Table 6-4: Security Log entry descriptions Field Description Description The type of event and what action was taken if any. Count This is a reference number for each event.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Erasing Configuration The configuration settings of the CG814WG Gateway are stored in a configuration file in the gateway. This file can be reverted to factory default settings. The procedures below explain how to do these tasks. It is sometimes desirable to restore the gateway to the factory default settings. This can be done by using the Erase function. 1.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select the Diagnostics menu, shown in Figure 6-5. Figure 6-5: Diagnostics menu To perform a Ping test 1. In the Ping Target section, enter the IP address of the PC you would like to ping. 2. If you would like to specify additional details, you can set the Ping Size, No. of Ping and Ping Interval. 3. Click Start Test. 4.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Enabling Remote Management Access Using the Remote Management page, you can allow a user or users on the Internet to configure, upgrade and check the status of your CG814WG Gateway. To configure your gateway for Remote Management: 1. Select the Allow Remote Management check box. 2. Specify what the Remote User Name and Remote Password that will be required to remotely access your CG814WG. 3.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Enabling Remote Management Access After a Reset Using the Remote Management page, you can allow the Remote Management feature to be active after a Factory Default Reset. If you do not select this checkbox and use the Erase button to revert to the Factory Default settings, you will not be able to remotely access your CG814WG.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 6-12 Managing Your NetworkSoftware Version BNX v1.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 7 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway. For the common problems listed, go to the section indicated. • Is the gateway on? • Have I connected the gateway correctly? Go to “Basic Functions” on page 7-1. • I can’t access the gateway’s configuration with my browser. Go to “Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface” on page 7-3.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e. The Internet Link port LED is lit. If any of these conditions does not occur, refer to the appropriate following section. Power LED Not On If the Power and other LEDs are off when your gateway is turned on: • Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your gateway and that the power supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Cable Link LED Not On If the Cable Link LED does not light when connected to your cable television cable, check the following: • Make sure that the coaxial cable connections are secure at the gateway and at the wall jack. • Make sure that your cable internet service has been provisioned by your cable service provider. Your provider should verify that the signal quality is good enough for cable modem service.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway • Make sure you are using the correct login information. The factory default login name is admin and the password is password. Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this information. If the gateway does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface, check the following: • When entering configuration settings, be sure to click the APPLY button before moving to another menu or tab, or your changes are lost.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway ping 192.168.0.1 3. Click on OK. You should see a message like this one: Pinging with 32 bytes of data If the path is working, you see this message: Reply from < IP address >: bytes=32 time=NN ms TTL=xxx If the path is not working, you see this message: Request timed out If the path is not functioning correctly, you could have one of the following problems: • Wrong physical connections — Make sure the LAN port LED is on.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway — Check that your PC has the IP address of your gateway listed as the default gateway. If the IP configuration of your PC is assigned by DHCP, this information will not be visible in your PC’s Network Control Panel. Verify that the IP address of the gateway is listed as the default gateway as described in “DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows 2000 ” on page C-11.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway. Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Protocols: TCP/IP DHCP server and client DNS relay NAT (many-to-one) TFTP client VPN pass through (IPSec, L2TP) Power Adapter North America (input): 120V, 60 Hz, input All regions (output): 12 V DC @ 1.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Local: 10BASE-T or 100BASE-Tx, RJ-45 USB 1.1 Function 802.11b Wireless Access Point Internet: DOCSIS 2.0. Downward compatible with DOCSIS 1.0 and DOCSIS 1.1.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Appendix B Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks, routing, and firewalls. Related Publications As you read this document, you may be directed to various RFC documents for further information. An RFC is a Request For Comment (RFC) published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway What is a Router? A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router. In these routing tables, a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network. Using this information, the router chooses the best path for forwarding network traffic.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer. In addition, the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts. The first part of the address identifies the network, and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network. The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application. There are five standard classes of IP addresses.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway • Class C Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network. Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and eight bits for the node. They are in this range: 192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.x. • Class D Class D addresses are used for multicasts (messages sent to many hosts). Class D addresses are in this range: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. • Class E Class E addresses are for experimental use.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway As a shorter alternative to dotted-decimal notation, the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left. This number is appended to the IP address, following a backward slash (/), as “/n.” In the example, the address could be written as 192.168.170.237/24, indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address, note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting. To create more network numbers, you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address. For instance, to partition a Class C network number (192.68.135.0) into two, you shift one bit from the host address to the network address. The new netmask (or subnet mask) is 255.255.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Table 7-2. Netmask Formats 255.255.255.0 /24 255.255.255.128 /25 255.255.255.192 /26 255.255.255.224 /27 255.255.255.240 /28 255.255.255.248 /29 255.255.255.252 /30 255.255.255.254 /31 255.255.255.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines explained here. For more information about address assignment, refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets, and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) publishes RFCs on its Web site at www.ietf.org.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall-like protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection. All incoming inquiries are filtered out by the router. This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your system. However, using port forwarding, you can allow one PC (for example, a Web server) on your local network to be accessible to outside users.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Domain Name Server Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www.NETGEAR.com. This addressing is very helpful at the application level, but the descriptive name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway What is a Firewall? A firewall is a device that protects one network from another, while allowing communication between the two. A firewall incorporates the functions of the NAT router, while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack. Several known types of intrusion or attack can be recognized when they occur.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Wireless Networking Overview The CG814WG Gateway conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11b standard for wireless LANs (WLANs). On an 802.11b wireless link, data is encoded using direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.5GHz. The maximum data rate for the wireless link is 11 Mbps, but it will automatically back down from 11 Mbps to 5.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Network Name: Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID) The Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID) is one of two types of Service Set Identification (SSID). In an ad hoc wireless network with no access points, the Basic Service Set Identification (BSSID) is used. In an infrastructure wireless network that includes an access point, the ESSID is used, but may still be referred to as SSID.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 6. The station sends an association request to the access point. 7. The access point associates with the station. 8. The station can now communicate with the Ethernet network through the access point. An access point must authenticate a station before the station can associate with the access point or communicate with the network. The IEEE 802.11b standard defines two types of authentication: Open System and Shared Key.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Shared Key Authentication The following steps occur when two devices use Shared Key Authentication: 1. The station sends an authentication request to the access point. 2. The access point sends challenge text to the station. 3. The station uses its configured 64-bit or 128-bit default key to encrypt the challenge text, and sends the encrypted text to the access point. 4.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Overview of WEP Parameters Before enabling WEP on an 802.11b network, you must first consider what type of encryption you require and the key size you want to use. Typically, there are three WEP Encryption options available for 802.11b products: 1. Do Not Use WEP: The 802.11b network does not encrypt data. For authentication purposes, the network uses Open System Authentication. 2. Use WEP for Encryption: A transmitting 802.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway When configured for 40-bit encryption, 802.11b products typically support up to four WEP Keys. Each 40-bit WEP Key is expressed as 5 sets of two hexadecimal digits (0-9 and A-F). For example, “12 34 56 78 90” is a 40-bit WEP Key. When configured for 128-bit encryption, 802.11b products typically support four WEP Keys but some manufacturers support only one 128-bit key.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Wireless Channels IEEE 802.11 wireless nodes communicate with each other using radio frequency signals in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band between 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz. Neighboring channels are 5 MHz apart. However, due to spread spectrum effect of the signals, a node sending signals using a particular channel will utilize frequency spectrum 12.5 MHz above and below the center channel frequency.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The radio frequency channels used are listed in Table 7-3: Table 7-3. 802.11 Radio Frequency Channels Channel Center Frequency Frequency Spread 1 2412 MHz 2399.5 MHz - 2424.5 MHz 2 2417 MHz 2404.5 MHz - 2429.5 MHz 3 2422 MHz 2409.5 MHz - 2434.5 MHz 4 2427 MHz 2414.5 MHz - 2439.5 MHz 5 2432 MHz 2419.5 MHz - 2444.5 MHz 6 2437 MHz 2424.5 MHz - 2449.5 MHz 7 2442 MHz 2429.5 MHz - 2454.5 MHz 8 2447 MHz 2434.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Ethernet Cabling Although Ethernet networks originally used thick or thin coaxial cable, most installations currently use unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling. The UTP cable contains eight conductors, arranged in four twisted pairs, and terminated with an RJ45 type connector. A normal "straight-through" UTP Ethernet cable follows the EIA568B standard wiring as described in Table 7-4. Table 7-4.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Cable Quality A twisted pair Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits/second (10BASE-T) will often tolerate low quality cables, but at 100 Mbits/second (10BASE-Tx) the cable must be rated as Category 5, or "Cat 5", by the Electronic Industry Association (EIA). This rating will be printed on the cable jacket. A Category 5 cable will meet specified requirements regarding loss and crosstalk.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway B-22 Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
Appendix C Preparing Your Network This appendix describes how to prepare your network to connect to the Internet through the CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway and how to verify the readiness of broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider (ISP).
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway In your IP network, each PC and the gateway must be assigned a unique IP addresses. Each PC must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask (netmask), a domain name server (DNS) address, and a default gateway address. In most cases, you should install TCP/IP so that the PC obtains its specific network configuration information automatically from a DHCP server during bootup.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway You must have an Ethernet adapter, the TCP/IP protocol, and Client for Microsoft Networks. Note: It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter, TCP/IP, or Client for Microsoft Networks. If you need to install a new adapter, follow these steps: a. Click the Add button. b. Select Adapter, and then click Add. c.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway If you need Client for Microsoft Networks: 3. a. Click the Add button. b. Select Client, and then click Add. c. Select Microsoft. d. Select Client for Microsoft Networks, and then click OK. Restart your PC for the changes to take effect.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Verify the following settings as shown: • Client for Microsoft Network exists • Ethernet adapter is present • TCP/IP is present • Primary Network Logon is set to Windows logon Click on the Properties button. The following TCP/IP Properties window will display.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway By default, the IP Address tab is open on this window. Verify the following: • Obtain an IP address automatically is selected. If not selected, click in the radio button to the left of it to select it. This setting is required to enable the DHCP server to automatically assign an IP address. • Click OK to continue. • Restart the PC. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 2. Type winipcfg, and then click OK. The IP Configuration window opens, which lists (among other things), your IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. 3. From the drop-down box, select your Ethernet adapter.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP, 2000, or NT4 You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP/IP. The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows. DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP Locate your Network Neighborhood icon. C-8 • Select Control Panel from the Windows XP new Start Menu.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Now the Network Connection window displays. The Connections List that shows all the network connections set up on the PC, located to the right of the window. • Right-click on the Connection with the wireless icon and choose Status. Now you should be at the Local Area Network Connection Status window. This box displays the connection status, duration, speed, and activity statistics.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The TCP/IP details are presented on the Support tab page. • C-10 Select Internet Protocol, and click Properties to view the configuration information. Preparing Your NetworkSoftware Version BNX v1.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Verify that the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button is selected. • Verify that Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button is selected. • Click the OK button. This completes the DHCP configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway • Click on the My Network Places icon on the Windows desktop. This will bring up a window called Network and Dial-up Connections. • Right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties. The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box appears. • Verify that you have the correct Ethernet card selected in the Connect using: box.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway • With Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) selected, click on Properties to open the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialogue box. Verify that – Obtain an IP address automatically is selected. – Obtain DNS server address automatically is selected. • Click OK to return to Local Area Connection Properties. • Click OK again to complete the configuration process for Windows 2000. • Restart the PC.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4 Once you have installed the network card, you need to configure the TCP/IP environment for Windows NT 4.0. Again, remember Cox only sets up TCP/IP dynamically (i.e., it uses DHCP to obtain TCP/IP settings). Following are the procedures you use to configure TCP/IP with DHCP in Windows NT 4.0. • Choose Settings from the Start Menu, and then select Control Panel.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway • Highlight the TCP/IP Protocol in the Network Protocols box, and click on the Properties button.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The TCP/IP Properties dialog box now displays. • Click the IP Address tab. • Select the radio button marked Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server. • Click OK. This completes the configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT. Restart the PC. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network. Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP, 2000, and NT4 To check your PC’s TCP/IP configuration: 1.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway • 4. The default gateway is 192.168.0.1 Type exit Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7, TCP/IP is already installed on the Macintosh. On each networked Macintosh, you will need to configure TCP/IP to use DHCP. MacOS 8.6 or 9.x 1. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP. The TCP/IP Control Panel opens: 2.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway MacOS X 1. From the Apple menu, choose System Preferences, then Network. 2. If not already selected, select Built-in Ethernet in the Configure list. 3. If not already selected, Select Using DHCP in the TCP/IP tab. 4. Click Save. Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted, you can check the TCP/IP configuration by returning to the TCP/IP Control Panel.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account For broadband access to the Internet, you need to contract with an Internet service provider (ISP) for a single-user Internet access account using a cable modem or DSL modem. This modem must be a separate physical box (not a card) and must provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card (NIC) in a computer.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway • An IP address and subnet mask • A gateway IP address, which is the address of the ISP’s router • One or more domain name server (DNS) IP addresses • Host name and domain suffix For example, your account’s full server names may look like this: mail.xxx.yyy.com In this example, the domain suffix is xxx.yyy.com. If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP, your gateway automatically acquires them.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways, write down the address. This is the ISP’s gateway address. Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address. 6. Select the DNS Configuration tab. If any DNS server addresses are shown, write down the addresses. If any information appears in the Host or Domain information box, write it down. Click Disable DNS. 7.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Restarting the Network Once you’ve set up your computers to work with the gateway, you must reset the network for the devices to be able to communicate correctly. Restart any computer that is connected to the firewall. After configuring all of your computers for TCP/IP networking and restarting them, and connecting them to the local network of your CG814WG Gateway, you are ready to access and configure the gateway.
Glossary 10BASE-T IEEE 802.3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring. 100BASE-Tx IEEE 802.3 specification for 100 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring. 802.11b IEEE specification for wireless networking at 11 Mbps using direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and operating in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.5GHz. 802.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway IP Address A four-byte number uniquely defining each host on the Internet. Ranges of addresses are assigned by Internic, an organization formed for this purpose. Usually written in dotted-decimal notation with periods separating the bytes (for example, 134.177.244.57). IPSec Internet Protocol Security. IPSec is a series of guidelines for securing private information transmitted over public networks.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Network Address Translation A technique by which several hosts share a single IP address for access to the Internet. packet A block of information sent over a network. A packet typically contains a source and destination network address, some protocol and length information, a block of data, and a checksum. PPP See Point-to-Point Protocol. PPPoA See PPP over ATM PPPoE See PPP over Ethernet PPP over ATM PPPoA.
Reference Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 4 VCI Virtual Channel Identifier. Together with the VPI, defines a Virtual Channel through an ATM network. Used by ATM switching equipment to route data through the network. VPI Virtual Path Identifier. Together with the VCI, defines a Virtual Channel through an ATM network. Used by ATM switching equipment to route data through the network. WAN See wide area network. WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy.
