Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers NETGEAR, Inc.
© 2000 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks NETGEAR and FirstGear are trademarks Netgear, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers gemäß der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung.
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Contents Preface Purpose ........................................................................................................................... xv Audience .......................................................................................................................... xv Conventions .....................................................................................................................xvi Special Message Formats ...................................................................
Chapter 2 Installing and Connecting the Router Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-1 Local Network Hardware Requirements .........................................................................2-2 Router Description ..........................................................................................................2-3 Connecting the Router ..........................................................................
Navigating the Manager ...........................................................................................5-6 Manager Menu Summary ........................................................................................5-6 General Setup Menu ................................................................................................5-8 WAN Setup ...............................................................................................................5-9 LAN Setup ...........................
Syslog and Accounting .............................................................................................8-5 Diagnostic Menu .............................................................................................................8-6 Back Up and Restore Configuration ...............................................................................8-8 Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration with a Serial Connection ...................8-8 Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration Using FTP ...
IP Configuration by DHCP ...................................................................................10-10 Appendix A Technical Specifications General Specifications ...................................................................................................
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Figures Figure 2-1. RT311 Front Panel ...................................................................................2-3 Figure 2-2. RT314 Front Panel ...................................................................................2-3 Figure 2-3. RT311 Rear Panel ...................................................................................2-4 Figure 2-4. RT314 Rear Panel ...................................................................................2-5 Figure 3-1.
Figure 10-1. Three Main Address Classes .................................................................10-3 Figure 10-2. Example of Subnetting a Class B Address ............................................10-5 Figure 10-3. Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................
Tables Table 2-1. LED Descriptions .....................................................................................2-4 Table 4-1. Menu 3.2 - System Status Fields .............................................................4-7 Table 4-2. Router Statistics Fields ...........................................................................4-9 Table 5-1. Manager Menu Commands ....................................................................5-6 Table 5-2. Manager Menu Summary ..................
xiv Tables
Preface Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR™ Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router. The Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers provide connection for multiple personal computers (PCs) to the Internet through an external broadband access device (such as a cable modem or DSL modem) that is normally intended for use by a single PC.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Conventions This section describes the conventions used in this guide. Special Message Formats This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages: Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest. Caution: This format is used to highlight information that will help you prevent equipment failure or loss of data.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Other Conventions This guide uses the following typographical conventions: italics Book titles and UNIX file, command, and directory names. courier font Screen text, user-typed command-line entries. Initial Caps Menu titles and window and button names. [Enter] Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets. The notation [Enter] is used for the Enter key and the Return key.
Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers and discusses planning considerations for installation. About the Router The Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router connects your local area network (LAN) to the Internet through an external single-user access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Key Features The Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers provide the following features: • • Ethernet LAN connection at 10 megabits per second (Mbps) or 100 Mbps – Internal four port 10/100 switch (Model RT314 router) – Single 10/100 port (Model RT311 router) – Autosensing for Ethernet (10BASE-T) or Fast Ethernet (100BASE-Tx) transmissions – Half-duplex or full-duplex operation Ethernet connection to a wid
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers – Network Address Translation (NAT) hides local PCs from the Internet – Powerful packet filtering capabilities – Incoming port forwarding for specific services • Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity • Flash EPROM for firmware upgrade • Five-year warranty • Free technical support seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day Autosensing 10/100 Ethernet The Model RT311 and RT314 routers connect to
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP The Model RT311 and RT314 routers dynamically assign network configuration information, including IP, gateway, and domain name server (DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies configuration of LAN-attached PCs.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Management You can install, configure, and operate the router within minutes after connecting it to the network. Use your browser to configure for basic Internet access, or use Telnet to access the built-in manager interface for advanced features.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 1-6 Introduction
Chapter 2 Installing and Connecting the Router This chapter provides instructions for installing the Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Local Network Hardware Requirements The Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router is intended for use in a network of workstations that are interconnected by twisted-pair Ethernet or Fast Ethernet cables. Each workstation in the network must meet the following requirements: • An Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) is installed. • Workstations are connected by a hub or switch.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Router Description The front panels of the Model RT311 router (Figure 2-1) and Model RT314 router (Figure 2-2) contain status LEDs. Key: 1 = PWR (Power) LED 2 = TEST LED 3 = LOCAL LAN LNK/ACT (Link/Activity) and 100M LEDs 4 = INTERNET LNK/ACT (Link/Activity) LED Figure 2-1.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections. Table 2-1 lists and describes each LED on the front panel of the router. These LEDs are green when lit. Table 2-1. LED Descriptions Label Activity Description PWR (Power) On Off Power is supplied to the router. Power is not supplied to the router. TEST On Off Blinking The system is not ready or has failed to start up. The system is ready and running.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Key: 1 = AC adapter outlet for connecting the AC adapter to the router 2 = Local Ethernet ports for connecting the router to the local PCs 3 = RS-232 Manager port for connecting the router to the serial port of a PC 4 = Internet Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem 5 = Ground Figure 2-4.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Connecting the Model RT311 router to your Local Area Network The Model RT311 router has a single port for connection to your local network. This port is wired as a host rather than a hub, and is intended to connect to a hub or switch in your network.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Connecting the Serial Cable (Optional) In normal operation, you will not need a serial connection to the Manager port. This connection is used: • • to configure your router using the Manager interface if you cannot use Telnet, or to restore the router to factory defaults if you have lost your Manager password. To connect the serial cable: 1. Plug one end of the 9-pin RS-232 cable into the MANAGER port. 2.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers If a LNK/ACT LED is lit, a link has been established to the connected device. 4. If a LOCAL port is connected to a 100 Mbps device, verify that the 100 LED is lit. You are now ready to begin configuration of your network, as described in the following chapter.
Chapter 3 Preparing Your Network This chapter describes the preparation for connecting your PCs to the Internet using the Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router. Before configuring your router, you must perform the following tasks: • Configure your PCs for using the TCP/IP networking protocol • Order broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider (ISP) Details of these tasks are given in the following sections.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers In your IP network, all PCs and the router must be assigned IP addresses. Each PC must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask (netmask), a domain name server (DNS) address, and a default gateway address. For a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of these configuration items, refer to Chapter 10, “Networks and Routing Basics.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Figure 3-1. Network Dialog Box—Network Components List If you need the adapter: a. Click on the Add button. b. Select Adapter, and click on Add again. c. Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter, and click on OK. If you need TCP/IP: a. Click on the Add button. b. Select Protocol, and then click on Add again. c. Select Microsoft. d. Select TCP/IP, and click on OK.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers b. Select Client, and then click on Add again. c. Select Microsoft. d. Select Client for Microsoft Networks, and click on OK. You need to restart your PC after making these changes. Configuring TCP/IP Properties After the TCP/IP protocol components are installed, you must configure each PC with specific information about itself and resources that are available on its network.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Verifying TCP/IP Properties After your PC has been configured and rebooted, you can check the TCP/IP configuration using the Windows utility winipcfg.exe (for Windows NT systems, use ipconfig.exe). From the Start button, open the Run window, type winipcfg, and click on OK. In the winipcfg display window, select your Ethernet adapter.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Account Information Unless these items are dynamically assigned by the ISP, your ISP should give you the following basic information for your account: • An IP address and subnet mask • A gateway IP address, which is the address of the ISP’s router • One or more domain name server (DNS) IP addresses • Host name and domain suffix If these items are supplied dynamically, your router acquires them automatically.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers jsmith.santaclara.gearguy.com In this case, the host name precedes the first dot (“jsmith”), and the domain name or suffix consists of the remaining information (“santaclara.gearguy.com”). 9. Write down the address of the default gateway shown in the Ethernet Adapter Information box. This information can also be obtained by selecting the Network icon in the Windows Control Panel. Select TCP/IP and click on Properties.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers • Make one or more computers available for access from the Internet • Create additional static routes • Create filters for incoming or outgoing data traffic The Manager interface is accessible through a serial or a Telnet connection. For instructions on configuring the router using the Manager interface, refer to Chapter 5, “Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration.
Chapter 4 Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router This chapter contains information about configuring your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router using the router’s browser interface. You can configure your router for basic Internet access using a web browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. In most cases, configuring your router with the browser interface’s Setup Wizard will be sufficient.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers If your router password has been previously changed from the factory default of 1234, enter the current password. 6. In the opening screen, shown in Figure 4-1, select WIZARD SETUP. Figure 4-1.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 7. In the first Wizard screen, enter your account’s Host Name and Domain Name, as shown in Figure 4-2 below: Figure 4-2. Browser-based Setup Wizard, first screen These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s services such as mail or news servers. If you leave the Domain Name field blank, the router will attempt to learn the domain automatically from the ISP.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 8. Click on Next to go to the ISP Parameters screen, shown in Figure 4-3 below: Figure 4-3. Browser-based Setup Wizard, second screen This screen determines whether a login program will be run. a. If your service provider does not require a login program, leave Encapsulation as Ethernet and proceed to Step 9. b.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers • If RoadRunner provided an authentication server address, enter it as Login Server IP address. Otherwise, leave this field as 0.0.0.0. Not all RoadRunner regions require a login program. If your region does not require a login, leave Service Type as Standard. 9. Click on Next to go to the final Wizard screen shown in Figure 4-4 below. Figure 4-4.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers c. WAN MAC address: If your ISP allows access by only one specific PC’s Ethernet MAC address, select "Spoof this PC’s MAC address" and enter the IP address of that PC. • • For convenience, the IP address of the PC you are now using should already appear. If this is not the PC whose MAC address is to be used, enter that PC's IP address.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Other Features of the Browser Interface In addition to the Setup Wizard, the browser interface provides a limited amount of status and usage information. From the Main Menu of the browser interface, click on Maintenance to view the System Status screen, shown in Figure 4-5. Figure 4-5. Browser-based configuration, System Status screen This screen shows the following parameters: Table 4-1. Menu 3.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 4-1. Menu 3.2 - System Status Fields Field Description IP Address This field displays the IP address being used by the Internet (WAN) port of the router. If no address is shown, the router cannot connect to the Internet. IP Subnet Mask This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Internet (WAN) port of the router. DHCP If set to None, the router is configured to use a fixed IP address on the WAN.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers This screen shows the following statistics:. Table 4-2. Router Statistics Fields Field Description Port The statistics for the WAN (Internet) and LAN (local) ports. For each port, the screen displays: Status The link status of the port. TxPkts The number of packets transmitted on this port since reset or manual clear. RxPkts The number of packets received on this port since reset or manual clear.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 4-10 Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router
Chapter 5 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration This chapter contains information about basic configuration for your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router using the internal Manager interface. The initial configuration consists of: – accessing the Manager, – naming the router, – and setting up the LAN interface, including DHCP parameters to be assigned to the attached PCs.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Connecting Through a Serial Port You can access the internal Manager interface through a serial port by using a VT100 terminal or by using a terminal-emulation program on your PC or workstation. If you are using Windows, for example, Microsoft® provides HyperTerminal with Windows 95 and Windows 98. Be sure to set the program for VT100 emulation, including arrow keys.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 4. Click on OK. The router should respond with a “Password:” prompt. Type the current password to access the Manager interface. The default password is 1234. .When using Telnet, consider the following restrictions: • Single administrator To prevent confusion and discrepancy on the configuration, the router allows only one terminal connection at any time. The router also gives priority to the RS-232 connection over Telnet.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Using the Manager Interface Turning on Power to the Router When power is first applied to the router, several internal tests are performed by the router. Your Internet line is initialized at this time. During the initialization, the start-up display is transmitted over the serial Manager port, as illustrated in Figure 5-1.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers To log in to the Manager interface: 1. Press [Enter] when prompted. A login screen is displayed and prompts you to enter a password. 2. Enter the default password 1234 to reach the Main Menu (Figure 5-2) of the Manager. RT311 Main Menu Getting Started 1. General Setup Advanced Management 21. Filter Set Configuration 2. WAN Setup 3. LAN Setup 23. System Password 4. Internet Access Setup 24.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Navigating the Manager The Manager is the interface that you use to configure your router. Table 5-1 lists and describes the commands that enable you to navigate through the Manager menus. Table 5-1. Manager Menu Commands Action Description Move forward to another menu Enter the number of the submenu and press [Enter]. Move back to a previous menu Press [Esc].
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 5-2. Manager Menu Summary (continued) Number Menu Title Description 4 Internet Access Setup Set up a basic Internet connection. 11 Remote Node Setup Configure additional parameters of the Internet connection 12 Static Routing Setup Manually configure static routes. The router supports eight static routes. 15 SUA Server Setup Configure forwarding of specific incoming service requests to local hosts.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers General Setup Menu The General Setup Menu contains administrative and system-related information, such as the router name. To enter administrative and system-related information: 1. Enter 1 from the Main Menu to display Menu 1 - General Setup, as illustrated in Figure 5-3. Menu 1 - General Setup System Name = MyRT311 Domain Name: santaclara.gearguy.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers WAN Setup Menu 2 enables you to configure the 10 Mbps Ethernet port to a broadband modem device, such as a cable or DSL modem. This port is labeled INTERNET on the rear panel of the router. Figure 5-4 shows Menu 2 - WAN Setup. Menu 2 - WAN Setup MAC Address: Assigned By= Factory default IP Address= N/A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to cancel: Figure 5-4.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers LAN Setup Menu 3 enables you to configure the Ethernet LAN parameters, including filters, DHCP, and IP address information. These parameters specify the behavior of the router’s local port. 1. From the Main Menu, enter 3 to display Menu 3 - LAN Setup (Figure 5-5). Menu 3 - LAN Setup 1. LAN Port Filter Setup 2. TCP/IP and DHCP Setup Enter Menu Selection Number: Figure 5-5. 2.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 5-4 lists and describes the interface and filter choices in the LAN Port Filter Setup menu. Table 5-4. Menu 3.1 - LAN Port Filter Setup Fields Field Description Input and Output Filter Sets Enter filter sets by number to filter packets coming from the LAN (Input) or going out to the LAN (Output). Protocol Filters Enter the numbers of one or more IP filter sets created in Menu 21.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 5-5 lists and describes the fields to use for setting up TCP/IP and DHCP parameters in Menu 3.2. When you finish entering information in all of the fields, press [Enter] at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm. Your selections are saved. Press [Esc] at any time to cancel the entries you have made. Note: If you change the LAN IP address of the router while connected through Telnet, you lose the Telnet session.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 5-5. Field RIP Direction Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup Fields (continued) Description This parameter determines how the router handles RIP (Routing Information Protocol). RIP allows the router to exchange routing information with other routers. If set to None (default), the router does not participate in any RIP exchange with other routers.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Menu 23 - System Password Old Password= ? New Password= ? Retype to confirm= ? Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL: Figure 5-6. Menu 23 - System Password 2. Enter your previous system password, and press [Enter]. 3. Enter your new system password, and press [Enter]. 4. Enter your new system password again for confirmation, and press [Enter].
Chapter 6 Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access This chapter describes how to configure your Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers for Internet access using the internal Manager interface. For information about using the Manager interface, refer to Chapter 5, “Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup ISP's Name= ChangeMe Encapsulation= Ethernet Service Type= Standard My Login= N/A My Password= N/A Login Server IP= N/A IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Address= N/A Single User Account= Yes Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 6-1. 2. Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup Enter the name of your ISP in the ISP’s Name field (for example, myISP).
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers a. Select Standard. If your Service Type is RoadRunner and your RoadRunner region requires the login program: 5. a. Select the RoadRunner login program used in your region. b. Enter the login name and password provided by RoadRunner. c. If RoadRunner provided an authentication server address, enter it as Login Server IP address. Otherwise, leave this field as 0.0.0.0.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Use Menu 15, SUA Server Setup, to configure the router to forward incoming protocols to IP addresses on your local network based on the port number. In addition to servers for specific protocols, you can also specify a default server to which all other incoming protocols are forwarded. Menu 15 - SUA Server Setup is shown in Figure 6-2. Menu 15 - Multiple Server Configuration Port # ------ IP Address --------------- 1.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers In order for a remote user to access this server from the Internet, the remote user must know the IP address that has been assigned by your ISP. If this address is 172.16.1.23, for example, an Internet user can access your Web server by directing the browser to http://172.16.1.23. The assigned IP address can be found in Menu 24.1, in the WAN IP Address field.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Press [Enter]. 4. The command interpreter displays the static IP routing table as shown in the example in Figure 6-3. ras> ip rout stat Dest FF Len Interface Gateway 192.168.0.0 00 24 enif0 192.168.0.1 Metric stat Timer 1 041b 0 Use 0 default 00 0 enif1 10.118.18.1 1 001b 0 0 ras> Figure 6-3.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Menu 12.1 - Edit IP Static Route Route #: 1 Route Name= ? Active= No Destination IP Address= ? IP Subnet Mask= ? Gateway IP Address= ? Metric= 2 Private= No Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 6-4. 3. Menu 12.1 - Edit IP Static Route Enter settings for the static route entry. Table 6-2 lists and describes the fields for Menu 12.1 - Edit IP Static Route. Table 6-2.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 6-2. Edit IP Static Route Fields (continued) Field Description Metric Enter the cost of transmission for routing purposes. IP routing uses hop counts as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link. The number does not have to be precise, but it must be between 1 and 16. In practice, 2 or 3 is usually a good number.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Menu 12.1 - Edit IP Static Route Route #: 1 Route Name= company Active= Yes Destination IP Address= 134.177.0.0 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.0.0 Gateway IP Address= 192.168.0.10 Metric= 2 Private= Yes Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 6-5. Static Route Example In this example: • The Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route applies to all 134.177.x.x addresses.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Dynamic DNS You can configure your router to register its dynamically assigned IP address with a dynamic DNS service by configuring Menu 1.1, shown in Figure 6-6. To use this feature, you must have an account with either DynDNS.org or DDNS.org. Refer to their websites for more information. Menu 1.1 - Configure Dynamic DNS Service Provider= WWW.DynDNS.
Chapter 7 Configuring Filters This chapter provides information about configuring and using filters for your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router. Filters are used to block certain packets, reduce traffic, and prevent security breaches. The router uses packet filters to determine whether to allow or deny passage of each data packet, based on information found in the packet.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers When implementing these filter sets, you can link up to four of the filter sets to screen the data packet. Therefore, with each filter set having up to six rules, you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single filtering application. Configuring a Filter Set To configure a filter set: 1. Select option 21 from the Main Menu. The Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration (Figure 7-1) opens.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers When you have finished filling in the Edit Comments field, press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Confirm... prompt to confirm your selections, or press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. 3. The new information is displayed in the read-only section of Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration. Press [Enter] to display Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary (Figure 7-2). 4. Menu 21.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 7-1. Abbreviations Used in Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary (continued) Abbreviation Description m Refers to Action Matched. F means to forward the packet, D means to drop the packet, and N means to check the next rule. n Refers to Action Not Matched. F means to forward the packet, D means to drop the packet, and N means to check the next rule.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Filter #: 1,1 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 0 Port # Comp= None Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 137 Port # Comp= Equal TCP Estab= N/A More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 7-3. Menu 21.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Configuring a Filter Rule You can configure two types of filter rules. Some of the parameters differ depending on the type of rule. When you first enter the filter rule menu, Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule is displayed.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 7-4. TCP/IP Filter Rule Fields Field Descriptions Active Make the filter rule active (Yes) or inactive (No). IP Protocol Protocol refers to the IP-specific number of the protocol. The range for the value entered in this field should be between 0 and 255 (for example, 6 refers to the TCP protocol). IP Source Route Yes or No in this field determines whether to check the source route.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 7-4. TCP/IP Filter Rule Fields (continued) Field Descriptions TCP Estab This field is dependent upon the IP Protocol field. This field is inactive (N/A) unless the value in that field is 6 (TCP protocol).
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Generic Filter Rule This section provides information about configuring the protocol-independent parameters for a generic filter rule for your router. Table 7-5 lists the fields in the menu. When you complete Menu 21.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule, press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Confirm... prompt to confirm your selections. Press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. The data entered is displayed on Menu 21.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 7-5. Generic Filter Rule Fields (continued) Field Description Log Determine if you want to log the results of packets attempting to pass the filter rule. These results are displayed on the System Log (see “View Error Log” on page 8-4). Seven options are available: • None—No packets are logged (default). • Action Matched—Only packets that match the rule parameters are logged.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Default Filters The Model RT311 router is preconfigured with the three filters shown in Figure 7-1 on page 7-2 and in this section. Filter 1: NetBIOS_WAN The NetBIOS_WAN filter is an IP protocol filter used to prevent the sending of Windows NetBIOS name service packets to the ISP.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 7-12 Configuring Filters
Chapter 8 System Maintenance The Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router provides tools for maintenance and diagnostics. These tools include displays of system status and connections, log and trace capabilities, and upgrades to the system software. This chapter describes the use of these tools. System Status The System Maintenance Status Menu (Menu 24.1) allows the user to monitor the operation of the router.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Menu 24 - System Maintenance 1. System Status 2. System Information and Console Port Speed 3. Log and Trace 4. Diagnostic 5. Backup Configuration 6. Restore Configuration 7. Firmware Update 8. Command Interpreter Mode 9. Call Control Enter Menu Selection Number: Figure 8-1. Menu 24 - System Maintenance Enter 1 to display Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance - Status menu (Figure 8-2). 2. Menu 24.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 8-1 lists the commands used in the System Maintenance - Status menu. Table 8-1. System Maintenance Status Command Field Name Description Enter 1 Drop WAN Log out of PPPoE or RoadRunner session. Enter 9 Reset counters Resets the counters. [Esc] Exits the screen. Table 8-2 lists the fields for Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance Status. These fields are read-only fields. Table 8-2.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Terminal Baud Rate You can change the baud rate of the serial Manager connection using Menu 24.2.2 - System Maintenance - Change Console Port Speed. The router supports 9600 (default), 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200 bits per second (bps) for the serial connection. To change the rate, toggle the selection using the space bar. When the desired rate is shown, press [Enter].
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Syslog and Accounting Syslog and Accounting can be configured in Menu 24.3.2 - System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting. Menu 24.3.2 configures the router to send UNIX system logs to another machine. You must configure the parameters to activate syslog (Table 8-4). Table 8-4. System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting Fields Field Command Description Active Press the space bar to toggle between yes and no.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 6. • Filter event log • PPP event log Save this menu. To configure the syslogd program on the local host PC: 1. Edit the /etc/syslog.conf file to add the line: localn.* /name_of_log_file for example: local6.* 2. /var/log/rt311.log In the syslogd startup script, add the -r option to enable logging from a remote host. Diagnostic Menu The diagnostic menu allows you to: • Ping another location from your router.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance- Diagnostic TCP/IP 1. Ping Host 2. WAN DHCP Release 3. WAN DHCP Renewal 4. Internet Setup Test System 11. Reboot System Enter Menu Selection Number: Figure 8-3. Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic From the Main Menu, enter 24 to display Menu 24 - System Maintenance. Enter 4 to display Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic. The available commands are listed in Table 8-5. Table 8-5.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Back Up and Restore Configuration You can save the router configuration settings to a disk as a binary file. You can also restore the settings from the file at a later time. Saving and restoring the router configuration lets you restore the router to working order if the configuration information in the router is lost or damaged.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers The procedure for receiving or sending the configuration file varies depending on the type of terminal software used to access the router. Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration Using FTP To back up or restore the configuration file over the LAN, you must have an FTP client program. Windows includes an FTP client program that can be accessed using the Start button and Run menu.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Note: NETGEAR recommends that you change the Manager port baud rate to 38400 or higher before updating the software using the serial port. Doing so results in an update time of 5 to 10 minutes. To update the software: 1. Establish a serial connection with the router. For more information, see “Connecting Through a Serial Port“ on page 5-2. 2. Select Menu 24 - System Maintenance. 3. Enter 7 to select Software Update.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Command Interpreter Mode To enter the command interpreter mode: • Select option 8 from Menu 24, Maintenance, to enter the command interpreter mode. This mode allows you to diagnose, test, and configure your router using a script or specified set of commands. To see a list of valid commands, type “help” at the command prompt. For more detailed information, go to the NETGEAR Web site, www.netgear.com.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 8-12 System Maintenance
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router. After each problem description, instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem. Basic Functioning After you turn on power to the router, the following sequence of events should occur: • The PWR LED lights. • The router performs a self-test for 30 seconds, during which the Test LED should blink at a rate of about 0.5 Hz and then turn off.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Test LED Never Blinks or LED Stays On When the router is turned on, the Test LED blinks for about 30 seconds at a rate of approximately 0.5 Hz and then turns off. If the Test LED does not blink, or if it stops blinking and stays on, there is a fault within the router. If you experience problems with the Test LED: • Cycle the power to see if the router recovers and the LED blinks for the correct amount of time.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 3. Under the Advanced heading, click on Maintenance 4. Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port If 0.0.0.0 is shown, your router has not obtained an IP address from your ISP. To check the WAN IP address from the Manager interface: 1. If your system uses a login script such as PPPoE or RoadRunner, go to Manager interface Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic and select Internet Setup Test.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www addresses) to numeric IP addresses. Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS servers for your use. If you entered a DNS address during the router’s configuration, reboot your PC and verify the DNS address as described in “Verifying TCP/IP Properties“ on page 3-5.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers If the path is not functioning correctly, you could have one of the following problems: • Wrong physical connections — Make sure the Local LNK/ACT LED is on. If the LNK/ACT LED is off, follow the instructions in “LNK/ACT LEDs Not On” on page 9-2. — Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and for the hub ports (if any) that are connected to your workstation and router.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device After verifying that the LAN path works correctly, test the path from your PC to a remote device: • From the Windows run menu, type PING -n 10 followed by the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP’s DNS server. If the path is functioning correctly, replies as in the previous section are displayed.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers – VT100 terminal emulation – 9600 baud rate (unless this setting has been changed previously in the router setup) – No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit If you cannot access the Manager by using the Telnet Protocol: • Verify the Ethernet connection between your PC and the router. Refer to “Testing the LAN Path to Your Router,” on page 9-4.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Starting XMODEM upload...... 5. From your terminal program, send the binary file romfile0.311 using XMODEM transfer protocol. Wait for the following message: Programming successful.... 6. Restart the router. Using FTP To restore the configuration file over the LAN, you must have an FTP client program. Windows includes an FTP client program that can be accessed using the Start button and Run menu.
Chapter 10 Networks and Routing Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks and routing. Basic Router Concepts Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network (LAN). However, providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can be very expensive. Because of this expense, Internet access is usually provided by a slower-speed wide-area network (WAN) link such as a cable or DSL modem.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). Using RIP, routers update one another periodically and check for changes to be added to the routing table. The Model RT311 and RT314 routers support both the older RIP-1 and the newer RIP-2 protocols. Among other improvements, RIP-2 supports subnet and multicast protocols.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Class A Network Node Class B Network Node Class C Network Node 7261 Figure 10-1. Three Main Address Classes Class A addresses can have up to 16,777,214 hosts on a single network. They use an 8-bit network number and a 24-bit node number. Class A addresses are in this range: 1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x. Class B addresses can have up to 65,354 hosts on a network.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers For each unique value of the network portion of the address, the base address of the range (host address of all zeros) is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host. Also, the top address of the range (host address of all ones) is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for sending a packet simultaneously to all hosts with the same network address.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead. A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64,000 nodes. Most organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that can be reassigned.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 10-1 lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted-decimal notation. To use the table, write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted-decimal value of the additional subnet bits. For instance, to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 into 16 subnets (4 bits), the new subnet mask becomes 255.255.255.240. Table 10-1.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers NETGEAR strongly advises that all hosts on a LAN segment use the same netmask for the following reasons: • So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors, it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address. In order for this scheme to work, all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the Internet. The internal LAN IP addresses can be either private addresses or registered addresses. For more information about IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT). Figure 10-3 illustrates a single IP address operation.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another. To send data between LAN devices, you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control (MAC) address. Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address, which is a 48-bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP-based local area network is installed, each PC must be configured with an IP address. If the PCs need to access the Internet, they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses. As an alternative to manual configuration, there is a method by which each PC on the network can obtain this configuration information automatically.
Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers. General Specifications Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Protocols: TCP/IP, RIP-1, RIP-2, DHCP PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) Power Adapter North America: 120V, 60 Hz, input United Kingdom, Australia: 240V, 50 Hz, input Europe: 230V, 50 Hz, input Japan: 100V, 50/60 Hz, input All regions (output): 12 V DC @ 1.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Physical Specifications Dimensions: 253 by 181 by 35 mm 9.95 by 7.1 by 1.4 in. Weight: 1.1 kg 2.5 lb.
Glossary 10BASE-T IEEE 802.3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring. 100BASE-Tx IEEE 802.3 specification for 100 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring. DHCP See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol An Ethernet protocol that provides a centralized administration point for assigning network configuration information. IP See Internet Protocol. IP Address A 4-byte number uniquely defining each host on the Internet.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 2 masquerading A technique by which several hosts share a single IP address for access to the Internet. This process is an extension of Network Address Translator (NAT). See also Network Address Translator. Maximum Receive Unit The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers unnumbered links A method of connecting two LANs by way of a WAN, where the two WAN end points do not have their own IP addresses. WAN See wide area network. wide area network A long distance link used to extend or connect remotely located local area networks.
Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 4 Glossary
Index A Action Matched/Not Matched field Generic Filter Rule menu 7-10 TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 7-8 DNS Proxy 1-4, 5-12 DNS server 3-6 domain name 3-7 domain name server (DNS) 10-9 Active field Edit IP Static Route menu 6-7 Generic Filter Rule menu 7-9 Syslog and Accounting menu 8-5 TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 7-7 domain suffix 3-7 Address Resolution Protocol 10-9 E Dynamic DNS 6-10 dynamic NAT.
H host name 3-6, 5-8 I IETF xvii IGMP 5-13 Input and Output Filters field, Ethernet Setup menu 5-11 installation 1-2 Internet, accessing 6-1 IP addresses and NAT 10-7 and the Internet 10-2 assigning 10-2 masquerading 1-3 private 10-7 IP configuration by DHCP 10-10 IP networking for Windows 95 3-2 for Windows 98 3-2 IP Protocol field, TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 7-7 Manager interface commands 5-6 menus 5-6 troubleshooting 9-6 using for configuring 1-2, 3-7 Manager interface menus Diagnostic 8-6, 8-7 Edit IP St
P package contents 2-1 password entering at startup 5-5 restoring 9-7 single user account, configuring for 6-3 software, updating 8-9 Source field, TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 7-7 static route setup 6-5 subnet addressing 10-4 password, changing 5-13 subnet mask 10-5 PC, using to configure 3-7 Syslog and Accounting menu 8-5 port locations 2-4, 2-5 MANAGER 2-7 serial, connecting 5-2 Syslog IP Address field, Syslog and Accounting menu 8-5 port forwarding behind NAT 10-8 power, connecting 5-4 PPP over Ether
