User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point NETGEAR, Inc.
NETGEAR, INC. Technical Support Please register to obtain technical support. Please retain your proof of purchase and warranty information. To register your product, get product support or obtain product information and product documentation, go to www.netgear.com. If you do not have access to the World Wide Web, you can register your product by filling out the registration card and mailing it to NETGEAR customer service. You will find technical support information at: www.netgear.com/support/main.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice Installation and use of this Wireless LAN device must be in strict accordance with the instructions included in the user documentation provided with the product. Any changes or modifications (including the antennas) made to this device that are not expressly approved by the manufacturer may void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
Radio Frequency Interference Requirements This device is restricted to indoor use due to its operation in the 2.4 GHz frequency range. FCC requires this product to be used indoors in 2.4 GHz the frequency range to reduce the potential for harmful interference to co-channel Mobile Satellite systems. Regulatory Compliance Information This device is restricted to indoor use due to reduce the potential for harmful interference to co-channel Mobile Satellite and Radar Systems.
CE Declaration of Conformity For the following equipment: 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 0984 ! is herewith confirmed to comply with the requirements set out in the Council Directive on the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States relating to Electromagnetic Compatibility (89/336/EEC), Low-voltage Directive (73/23/EEC) and the Amendment Directive (93/68/EEC), the procedures given in European Council Directive 99/5/EC and 89/3360EEC. The equipment was passed.
Contents Chapter 1 About This Manual Audience, Scope, Conventions ......................................................................................1-1 How to Use the PDF and HTML Versions of this Manual ...............................................1-2 How to Print this Manual .................................................................................................1-3 Chapter 2 Introduction About the 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 ...................................................
Understanding the Basic Wireless Settings ..................................................................3-12 Understanding Wireless Security Options ....................................................................3-14 Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings ...........................3-15 How to Configure WEP Wireless Security ....................................................................3-16 How to Configure WPA-PSK Wireless Security .....................................
Appendix B Wireless Networking Basics Wireless Networking Overview ...................................................................................... B-1 Infrastructure Mode ................................................................................................. B-1 Ad Hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup) ................................................................ B-2 Network Name: Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID) ................................ B-2 Wireless Channels .............
Domain Name Server .............................................................................................. B-9 Routing Protocols .................................................................................................... B-9 RIP .................................................................................................................... B-9 MAC Addresses and ARP .............................................................................. B-10 Internet Security and Firewalls ........
L ..................................................................................................................................... D-6 M .................................................................................................................................... D-6 N .................................................................................................................................... D-7 P ............................................................................................
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User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Chapter 1 About This Manual This chapter introduces the conventions and features of this document. Audience, Scope, Conventions This manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet skills. However, tutorial information is provided in the Appendices, on the Resource CD for the 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 (SW-10033-01), and on the NETGEAR Web site.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point How to Use the PDF and HTML Versions of this Manual The HTML version of this manual includes these features. 2 1 3 Figure 1-1: HTML version of this manual 1. Left pane. Use the left pane to view the Contents, Index, Search, and Favorites tabs. To view the HTML version of the manual, you must have a version 4 or later browser with Java or JavaScript enabled. To use the Favorites feature, your browser must be set to accept cookies.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point How to Print this Manual To print this manual you man choose one of the following several options, according to your needs. • A “How To” Sequence of Steps in the HTML View. Use the Print button on the upper right of the toolbar to print the currently displayed topic. Using this button when a step-by-step procedure is displayed will send the entire procedure to your printer—you do not have to worry about specifying the correct range of pages.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point 1-4 About This Manual
Chapter 2 Introduction This chapter introduces the NETGEAR 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2. Minimal prerequisites for installation are presented in “System Requirements” on page 2-4. About the 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 The 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 is the basic building block of a wireless LAN infrastructure. It provides connectivity between wired Ethernet networks and radio-equipped wireless notebook systems, desktop systems, print servers, and other devices.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Key Features The WG602 v2 Access Point is easy-to-use and provides solid wireless and networking support. Support The following standards and conventions are supported: • Standards Compliant. The WG602 v2 Access Point complies with the IEEE 802.11g (DSSS). • Radius Client Support. The WG602 v2 Access Point can log in to your existing Radius server (as a Radius client). • WEP support. Support for WEP is included.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point – Client Access Point. The WG602 v2 acts as a client access point (CAP) for a remote GAP. If selected, you must enter the MAC address (physical address) of the remote GAP. – Repeater Access Point. The WG602 v2 acts as a repeater only, and sends all traffic to the remote AP. If selected, you must enter the MAC address (physical address) of the remote AP. • Upgradeable Firmware.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point • • Short or long preamble Roaming among access points on the same subnet Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink The WG602 v2 can connect to a standard Ethernet network. The LAN interface is autosensing and capable of full-duplex or half-duplex operation. The wireless access point incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point • • • • • • A Category 5 UTP straight through Ethernet cable with RJ-45 connector included in the package, or one like it A 100-240 V, 50-60 HZ AC power source A Web browser for configuration such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 4.78 or above At least one Pentium class computer (or equivalent) with the TCP/IP protocol installed Other 802.11b or 802.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Hardware Description The 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 front and rear hardware functions are described below. WG602 v2 Wireless Access Point Front Panel The WG602 v2 Access Point provides three status LEDs.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 Wireless Access Point Rear Panel Power Socket Reset & Restore Button RJ-45 Ethernet Port Detachable Antenna Figure 2-2: WG602 v2 rear panel Power Socket This socket connects to the WG602 v2 power adapter.
Chapter 3 Basic Installation and Configuration This chapter describes how to set up your 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 for wireless connectivity to your LAN. This basic configuration will enable computers with 802.11b or 802.11g wireless adapters to do such things as connect to the Internet, or access printers and files on your LAN.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Observing Placement and Range Guidelines Note: Indoors, computers can connect over wireless networks at ranges of several hundred feet or more. This distance can allow for others outside your area to access your network. It is important to take appropriate steps to secure your network from unauthorized access. The WG602 v2 Access Point provides highly effective security features which are covered in detail in Chapter 4, “Management” .
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Default Factory Settings When you first receive your WG602 v2, the default factory settings will be set as shown below. You can restore these defaults with the Factory Default Restore switch on the rear panel — see “WG602 v2 Wireless Access Point Rear Panel” on page 2-7.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Understanding WG602 v2 Wireless Security Options Unlike wired network data, your wireless data transmissions can be received well beyond your walls by anyone with a compatible adapter. For this reason, use the security features of your wireless equipment. The WG602 v2 Access Point provides highly effective security features which are covered in detail in this chapter. Deploy the security features appropriate to your needs.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Installing the 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 Follow the instructions below to set up and test basic wireless connectivity. Once you have established basic wireless connectivity, you can enable security settings and configure the advanced wireless functions. Before installing the 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2, you should make sure that your Ethernet network is up and working.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point 2 CONFIGURE LAN AND WIRELESS ACCESS a. Configure the WG602 v2 Ethernet port for LAN access. – Connect to the WG602 v2 by entering its default address of http://192.168.0.227 into your browser. – A login window like the one shown below opens: Figure 3-3: Login window – – b. When prompted, enter admin for the user name and password for the password, both in lower case letters.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point b. Lift the antenna side so that it is vertical. c. Connect an Ethernet cable from your WG602 v2 Access Point to a LAN port on your router, switch, or hub. Note: By default, WG602 v2 is set to be a DHCP client. If your network uses static IP addresses, you will need to change this setting. d. Connect the power adapter to the wireless access point and plug the power adapter in to a power outlet.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Two Ways to Log In to the WG602 v2 The 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 can be configured remotely from Microsoft Internet Explorer browser version 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator Web browser version 4.78 or above. You can log in to the WG602 v2 in these two ways: • Using the Default IP Address of the WG602 v2. • Using the NetBIOS name of the WG602 v2. The procedures for these two ways of logging in to the WG602 v2 are presented here.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Log in use the default user name of admin and default password of password. Once you have entered your access point name, your Web browser should automatically find the WG602 v2 Access Point and display the home page, as shown in “Login result: WG602 v2 home page” on page 3-9. Figure 3-5: Login result: WG602 v2 home page The browser will then display the WG602 v2 settings home page.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point How to Log In to the WG602 v2 Using Its Default NetBIOS Name The 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 can be configured remotely from Microsoft Internet Explorer browser version 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator Web browser version 4.78 or above. You can connect to the WG602 v2 by using its default NetBIOS name or its default IP address. The instructions for connecting using the default NetBIOS name are below.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Using the Basic IP Settings Options The IP Settings page is under the Setup heading of the main menu. Use this page to configure DHCP, static IP, and the access point NetBIOS name. Figure 3-8: Basic IP Settings page • Access Point Name (NetBIOS) You can change the access point name after the initial configuration. Enter a new name for the wireless access point and click Apply to save your changes.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Understanding the Basic Wireless Settings To configure the wireless settings of your wireless access point, click the Wireless Settings link in the Setup section of the main menu of the browser interface. The Wireless Settings page appears, as shown below. Figure 3-9: Basic Wireless Settings page The Basic Wireless Settings options are discussed below: • Wireless Network Name (SSID). The SSID is also known as the wireless network name.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point – As wireless stations physically move through the area covered by an ESS, they will automatically change to the access point which has the least interference or best performance. This capability is called roaming. • SSID Broadcast. The default is Enable. If SSID Broadcast is disabled, only devices that have the correct SSID can connect. • Country/Region. This field identifies the region where the WG602 v2 can be used.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Understanding Wireless Security Options The table below identifies the various basic wireless security options. A full explanation of these standards is available in Appendix B, “Wireless Networking Basics”. Table 3-1. Basic Wireless Security Options Field Description Off No wireless security.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings Before customizing your wireless settings, print this form and record the following information. If you are working with an existing wireless network, the person who set up or is responsible for the network will be able to provide this information. Otherwise, you will choose the settings for your wireless network.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point How to Configure WEP Wireless Security Note: If you use a wireless PC to configure WEP settings, you will be disconnected when you click Apply. Reconfigure your wireless adapter to match the new settings or access the wireless access point from a wired PC to make any further changes. To configure WEP data encryption, follow these steps: 1. Click the Security Settings link in the Setup section of the main menu and select WEP for the Security Type.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point • Automatic — enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box and click the Generate button. The four key boxes will be automatically populated with key values. • Manual — enter ten hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, a-f, or A-F) Select which of the four keys will be active. See “WEP Wireless Security” on page B-4 for a full explanation of each of these options, as defined by the IEEE 802.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Note: If you use a wireless PC to configure WPA settings, you will be disconnected when you click Apply. Reconfigure your wireless adapter to match the new settings or access the wireless access point from a wired PC to make any further changes.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point 3. • Allow • Block Then, enter the MAC address for a device you plan to use. You can usually find the MAC address printed on the wireless adapter. You can copy and paste the MAC addresses from the WG602 v2’s Station List page into the MAC Address box. To do this, configure each wireless PC to obtain a wireless link to the WG602 v2. The PC should then appear in the Station List page. 4. Click Add to add the wireless device to the access list.
Chapter 4 Management This chapter describes how to use the management features of your 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2. These features can be found under the Management heading in the main menu of the browser interface. Viewing General Information The Information summarizes of the current WG602 v2 configuration settings. From the main menu of the browser interface, click Information to view the system status screen, shown below.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Table 4-1. General Information Fields Field Description Access Point Information Access Point Name The default name can be changed if desired. MAC Address Displays the Media Access Control address (MAC Addresses) of the wireless access point’s Ethernet port. Country/Region Displays the country or region for which the wireless access point is licensed for use.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Viewing a List of Attached Devices The Station List page contains a table of all IP devices associated with the wireless access point in the wireless network defined by the Wireless Network Name (SSID). From the main menu of the browser interface, under the Management heading, click the Station List link to view the list, shown below.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point You cannot perform the firmware upgrade from a workstation connected to the WG602 v2 via a wireless link. The firmware upgrade must be performed via a workstation connected to the WG602 v2 via the Ethernet LAN interface. The software of the WG602 v2 Access Point is stored in FLASH memory, and can be upgraded as new software is released by NETGEAR. Upgrade files can be downloaded from the NETGEAR Web site. If the upgrade file is compressed (.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Restoring the WG602 v2 to the Factory Default Settings It is sometimes desirable to restore the wireless access point to the factory default settings. This can be done by using the Restore Factory Default function, which restores all factory settings. After a restore, the password will be password, the DHCP client is enabled, the default LAN IP address is 192.168.0.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point From the main menu of the browser interface, under the Management heading, click Change Password to bring up the page shown below. Figure 4-4: Set Password page To change the password, first enter the old password, and then enter the new password twice. Click Apply to save your change.
Chapter 5 Advanced Configuration This chapter describes how to configure the advanced features of your WG602 v2. These features can be found under the Advanced heading in the main menu. Understanding Advanced Wireless Settings The default advanced wireless settings usually work well. These settings should not be changed unless you are sure it is necessary. Table 5-1.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Configuring Wireless Distribution System Links The 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 lets you build large wireless networks. Examples of wireless distribution system (WDS) configurations are: • Repeater. • Bridging. These features are discussed below. How to Configure WDS Links To configure WDS Links, follow these steps: 1. Click the WDS Links link in the Advanced section of the main menu.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point You can also enter the MAC address of a wireless access point not on the list followed by clicking the Add WDS Link to manually add a WDS link. 4. Click Apply to save your settings. How to Configure a WG602 v2 as a Repeater AP1 ETH ER N ET AP2 Wireless PC Card in a Notebook Computer Router 192.168.0.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point How to Configure Wireless Bridging AP1 ETH ER N ET AP2 Hub or Switch Router 192.168.0.1 LAN Segment 1 LAN Segment 2 Figure 5-3: Wireless Bridging 1. Configure the WG602 v2 (AP1) with MAC access control enabled and the MAC address of AP2 as the only MAC address allowed. 2. Deploy AP1 on LAN Segment 1.
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting This chapter provides information about troubleshooting your 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2. After each problem description, instructions are given to help you diagnose and solve the problem. For the common problems listed, go to the section indicated. • Is the WG602 v2 on? • Have I connected the wireless access point correctly? Go to “Installing the 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2” on page 3-5.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point • • • Make sure the cable connectors are securely plugged in at the access point and the network device (hub, switch, or router). Make sure the connected device is turned on. Be sure the correct cable is used. Use a standard Category 5 Ethernet patch cable. If the network device has Auto Uplink™ (MDI/MDIX) ports, you may use a cross-over cable. See the Reference Manual for a full explanation of cable types.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point • The computer with the wireless adapter may not have the correct TCP/IP settings to communicate with the network. Restart the computer and check that TCP/IP is set up properly for that network. The usual setting for the Windows Network Properties is to be set to “Obtain an IP address automatically.” • The access point’s default values may not work with your network.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point 6-4 Troubleshooting
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Appendix A Specifications This appendix provides the 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 technical specifications. Specifications for the WG602 v2 Parameter 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 Radio Data Rates 1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps Auto Rate Sensing Frequency 2.4-2.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point A-2 Specifications
Appendix B Wireless Networking Basics This chapter provides an overview of wireless networking and security. Wireless Networking Overview The WG602 v2 Access Point conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11g standard for wireless LANs (WLANs). On an 802.11 wireless link, data is encoded using direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.5GHz. The maximum data rate for the 802.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Ad Hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup) In an ad hoc network, computers are brought together as needed; thus, there is no structure or fixed points to the network - each node can generally communicate with any other node. There is no access point involved in this configuration.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point The radio frequency channels used are listed in Table B-1: Table B-1. 802.11b Radio Frequency Channels Channel Center Frequency Frequency Spread 1 2412 MHz 2399.5 MHz - 2424.5 MHz 2 2417 MHz 2404.5 MHz - 2429.5 MHz 3 2422 MHz 2409.5 MHz - 2434.5 MHz 4 2427 MHz 2414.5 MHz - 2439.5 MHz 5 2432 MHz 2419.5 MHz - 2444.5 MHz 6 2437 MHz 2424.5 MHz - 2449.5 MHz 7 2442 MHz 2429.5 MHz - 2454.5 MHz 8 2447 MHz 2434.5 MHz - 2459.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WEP Wireless Security The absence of a physical connection between nodes makes the wireless links vulnerable to eavesdropping and information theft. To provide a certain level of security, the IEEE 802.11 standard has defined two types of authentication methods, Open System and Shared Key. With Open System authentication, a wireless PC can join any network and receive any messages that are not encrypted.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point • Shared Key Authentication requires that the station and the access point have the same WEP Key to authenticate. These two authentication procedures are described below. WEP Open System Authentication This process is illustrated in below. 802.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WEP Shared Key Authentication This process is illustrated in below. 802.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Key Size and Configuration The IEEE 802.11 standard supports two types of WEP encryption: 40-bit and 128-bit. The 64-bit WEP data encryption method, allows for a five-character (40-bit) input. Additionally, 24 factory-set bits are added to the forty-bit input to generate a 64-bit encryption key. (The 24 factory-set bits are not user-configurable). This encryption key will be used to encrypt/decrypt all data transmitted via the wireless interface.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point How to Use WEP Parameters Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data encryption is used when the wireless devices are configured to operate in Shared Key authentication mode. There are two shared key methods implemented in most commercially available products, 64-bit and 128-bit WEP data encryption. Before enabling WEP on an 802.11 network, you must first consider what type of encryption you require and the key size you want to use.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point • • • • Enhanced data privacy Robust key management Data origin authentication Data integrity protection The Wi-Fi Alliance is now performing interoperability certification testing on Wi-Fi Protected Access products. Starting August of 2003, all new Wi-Fi certified products will have to support WPA. NETGEAR will implement WPA on client and access point products and make this available in the second half of 2003.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point How Does WPA Compare to IEEE 802.11i? WPA will be forward compatible with the IEEE 802.11i security specification currently under development. WPA is a subset of the current 802.11i draft and uses certain pieces of the 802.11i draft that are ready to bring to market today, such as 802.1x and TKIP. The main pieces of the 802.11i draft that are not included in WPA are secure IBSS (Ad-Hoc mode), secure fast handoff (for specialized 802.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point The primary information conveyed in the Beacon frames is the authentication method and the cipher suite. Possible authentication methods include 802.1X and Pre-shared key. Pre-shared key is an authentication method that uses a statically configured pass phrase on both the stations and the access point. This obviates the need for an authentication server, which in many home and small office environments will not be available nor desirable.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WPA Authentication: Enterprise-level User Authentication via 802.1x/EAP and RADIUS Wireless LAN WPA enabled wireless client with “supplicant” WPA enabled Access Point using pre-shared key or 802.1x Wired Network with Optional 802.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Client with a WPAenabled wireless adapter and supplicant (Win XP, Funk, Meetinghouse, etc.) For example, a RADIUS server For example, a WPA-enabled AP 1 2 3 4 6 5 7 Figure B-4: 802.1x Authentication Sequence The AP sends Beacon Frames with WPA information element to the stations in the service set. Information elements include the required authentication method (802.1x or Pre-shared key) and the preferred cipher suite (WEP, TKIP, or AES).
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point 3. The client sends an EAP-response packet containing the identity to the authentication server. The access point responds by enabling a port for passing only EAP packets from the client to an authentication server located on the wired side of the access point. The access point blocks all other traffic, such as HTTP, DHCP, and POP3 packets, until the access point can verify the client's identity using an authentication server (e.g., RADIUS). 4.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) WPA uses TKIP to provide important data encryption enhancements including a per-packet key mixing function, a message integrity check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism. TKIP also provides for the following: • • • The verification of the security configuration after the encryption keys are determined.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Is WPA Perfect? WPA is not without its vulnerabilities. Specifically, it is susceptible to denial of service (DoS) attacks. If the access point receives two data packets that fail the Message Integrity Code (MIC) check within 60 seconds of each other then the network is under an active attack, and as a result, the access point employs counter measures, which includes disassociating each station using the access point.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point • • • • • The new WPA information element To advertise their support of WPA, wireless APs send the beacon frame with a new 802.11 WPA information element that contains the wireless AP's security configuration (encryption algorithms and wireless security configuration information). The WPA two-phase authentication Open system, then 802.1x (EAP with RADIUS or preshared key).
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Changes to Wireless Client Programs Wireless client programs must be updated to permit the configuration of WPA authentication (and preshared key) and the new WPA encryption algorithms (TKIP and the optional AES component). To obtain the Microsoft WPA client program, visit the following Microsoft Web site.
Appendix C Network, Routing, Firewall, and Cabling Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks, routing, and wireless networking. As you read this document, you may be directed to various RFC documents for further information. An RFC is a Request For Comment (RFC) published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet. The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point What is a Router? A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router. In these routing tables, a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network. Using this information, the router chooses the best path for forwarding network traffic.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Class A Network Node Class B Network Node Class C Network Node 7261 Figure 6-1: Three Main Address Classes The five address classes are: • Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16,777,214 hosts on a single network. They use an eight-bit network number and a 24-bit node number. Class A addresses are in this range: 1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x. • Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65,354 hosts on a network.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network. For each unique value of the network portion of the address, the base address of the range (host address of all zeros) is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead. A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64,000 nodes. Most organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that can be reassigned. Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free, as shown below.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted-decimal notation. To use the table, write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted-decimal value of the additional subnet bits. For example, to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 into 16 subnets (4 bits), the new subnet mask becomes 255.255.255.240. Table 6-1.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point • So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors, it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address. In order for this scheme to work, all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation. Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3 192.168.0.1 172.21.15.105 Internet 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.5 Figure 6-3: Single IP Address Operation Using NAT 7786EA This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall-like protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point The WG602 v2 Access Point also functions as a DHCP client when connecting to the ISP. The firewall can automatically obtain an IP address, subnet mask, DNS server addresses, and a gateway address if the ISP provides this information by DHCP. Domain Name Server Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www.netgear.com.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point MAC Addresses and ARP An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another. To send data between LAN devices, you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control address (MAC address). Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address, which is a 48-bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point What is a Firewall? A firewall is a device that protects one network from another, while allowing communication between the two. A firewall incorporates the functions of the NAT router, while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack. Several known types of intrusion or attack can be recognized when they occur.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point . Table C-1. UTP Ethernet cable wiring, straight-through Pin Wire color Signal 1 Orange/White Transmit (Tx) + 2 Orange Transmit (Tx) - 3 Green/White Receive (Rx) + 4 Blue 5 Blue/White 6 Green 7 Brown/White 8 Brown Receive (Rx) - Category 5 Cable Quality Category 5 distributed cable that meets ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-A building wiring standards can be a maximum of 328 feet (ft.) or 100 meters (m) in length, divided as follows: 20 ft.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Inside Twisted Pair Cables For two devices to communicate, the transmitter of each device must be connected to the receiver of the other device. The crossover function is usually implemented internally as part of the circuitry in the device. Computers and workstation adapter cards are usually media-dependent interface ports, called MDI or uplink ports.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Figure C-3: Category 5 UTP Cable with Male RJ-45 Plug at Each End Note: Flat “silver satin” telephone cable may have the same RJ-45 plug. However, using telephone cable results in excessive collisions, causing the attached port to be partitioned or disconnected from the network.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point The WG602 v2 Access Point incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology (also called MDI/MDIX). Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection (e.g. connecting to a PC) or an uplink connection (e.g. connecting to a router, switch, or hub). That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point C-16 Network, Routing, Firewall, and Cabling Basics
Appendix D Preparing Your PCs for Network Access This appendix describes how to prepare your PCs to connect to the Internet through the 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2. For adding file and print sharing to your network, please consult the Windows help information included with the version of Windows installed on each computer on your network.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Configuring Windows 98 and Me for TCP/IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process, you may need to install and configure TCP/IP on your PC. Before starting, locate your Windows CD; you may need to insert it during the TCP/IP installation process. Installing or Verifying Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking: 1.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point If you need to add TCP/IP: a. b. c. d. Click the Add button. Select Protocol, and then click Add. Select Microsoft. Select TCP/IP, and then click OK. If you need to add the Client for Microsoft Networks: a. b. c. d. Click the Add button. Select Client, and then click Add. Select Microsoft. Select Client for Microsoft Networks, and then click OK. If you need to add File and Print Sharing for Microsoft Networks: a. b. c. d. 3.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows 98 and Me In Windows 98 and Me systems, locate your Network Neighborhood icon. • If the Network Neighborhood icon is on the Windows desktop, position your mouse pointer over it and right-click your mouse button. • If the icon is not on the desktop, • Click Start on the task bar located at the bottom left of the window. • Choose Settings, and then Control Panel.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point By default, the IP Address tab is open on this window. • Verify the following: Obtain an IP address automatically is selected. If not selected, click in the radio button to the left of it to select it. This setting is required to enable the DHCP server to automatically assign an IP address. • Click OK to continue. Restart the PC. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point 2. Type winipcfg, and then click OK. The IP Configuration window opens, which lists (among other things), your IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. 3. From the drop-down box, select your Ethernet adapter. The window is updated to show your settings, which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP/IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway: • The IP address is between 192.168.0.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP/IP. The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows. In Windows XP and 2000 systems, locate your Network Neighborhood icon. • Select Control Panel from the Windows XP Start Menu.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Now you should be at the Local Area Network Connection Status window. This box displays the connection status, duration, speed, and activity statistics. Administrator logon access rights are needed to use this window. • Click the Properties button to view details about the connection. The TCP/IP details are presented on the Support tab page. • Select Internet Protocol, and click Properties to view the configuration information.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Verify that Obtain an IP address automatically radio button is selected and that the Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button is selected. Click the OK button. This completes the DHCP configuration in Windows XP. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box appears. Verify that you have the correct Ethernet card selected in the Connect using: box and that the following two items are displayed and selected in the box of “Components checked are used by this connection:” • • Client for Microsoft Networks and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Click OK.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP or 2000 To check your PC’s TCP/IP configuration: 1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Run. The Run window opens. 2. Type cmd and then click OK. A command window opens 3. Type ipconfig /all.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point D-12 Preparing Your PCs for Network Access
Glossary Use the list below to find definitions for technical terms used in this manual. Numeric 802.1x 802.1x defines port-based, network access control used to provide authenticated network access and automated data encryption key management. The IEEE 802.1x draft standard offers an effective framework for authenticating and controlling user traffic to a protected network, as well as dynamically varying encryption keys. 802.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point A Access Control List An ACL is a database that an Operating System uses to track each user’s access rights to system objects (such as file directories and/or files). ACL See “Access Control List” Ad-hoc Mode An 802.11 networking framework in which devices or stations communicate directly with each other, without the use of an access point (AP). Ad-hoc mode is also referred to as peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS).
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point C Class of Service A term to describe treating different types of traffic with different levels of service priority. Higher priority traffic gets faster treatment during times of switch congestion D DHCP See “Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.” DNS Short for Domain Name System (or Service), an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. Because domain names are alphabetic, they're easier to remember.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. DHCP is a protocol for assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network. With dynamic addressing, a device can have a different IP address every time it connects to the network. In some systems, the device's IP address can even change while it is still connected. DHCP also supports a mix of static and dynamic IP addresses.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. This American organization was founded in 1963 and sets standards for computers and communications. IETF Internet Engineering Task Force. An organization responsible for providing engineering solutions for TCP/ IP networks. In the network management area, this group is responsible for the development of the SNMP protocol. IKE Internet Key Exchange.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point (IPv6) is also beginning to be supported. IPv6 provides for much longer addresses and therefore for the possibility of many more Internet users. IPv6 includes the capabilities of IPv4 and any server that can support IPv6 packets can also support IPv4 packets.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point MAC address The Media Access Control address is a unique 48-bit hardware address assigned to every network interface card. Usually written in the form 01:23:45:67:89:ab. Maximum Receive Unit The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received. Maximum Transmit Unit The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received. Mbps Megabits per second.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Network Address Translation Sometimes referred to as Transparent Proxying, IP Address Overloading, or IP Masquerading. Involves use of a device called a Network Address Translator, which assigns a contrived, or logical, IP address and port number to each node on an organization's internal network and passes packets using these assigned addresses. NIC Network Interface Card. An adapter in a computer which provides connectivity to a network.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point Protocol A set of rules for communication between devices on a network. PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network. Q QoS See “Quality of Service” Quality of Service QoS is a networking term that specifies a guaranteed level of throughput. Throughput is the amount of data transferred from one device to another or processed in a specified amount of time - typically, throughputs are measured in bytes per second (Bps).
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point be configured with the same SSID. This is typically the configuration parameter for a wireless PC card. It corresponds to the ESSID in the wireless Access Point and to the wireless network name. See also Wireless Network Name and ESSID. Segment A section of a LAN that is connected to the rest of the network using a switch, bridge, or repeater.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WEB Proxy Server A Web proxy server is a specialized HTTP server that allows clients access to the Internet from behind a firewall. The proxy server listens for requests from clients within the firewall and forwards these requests to remote Internet servers outside the firewall. The proxy server reads responses from the external servers and then sends them to internal client clients.
User’s Guide for the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point 12 Glossary
Index Numerics 802.
P W Passphrase 3-14, 3-15, 3-17 WEP B-8 Placement 3-2 Wi-Fi B-1, B-4 port forwarding behind NAT B-8 Windows, configuring for IP routing C-2, C-6 protocols Address Resolution B-10 DHCP B-8 winipcfg utility C-5 R Wired Equivalent Privacy.
