NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual NETGEAR, Inc. 4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA Version 1.
© 2004 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. December 2004. Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das Pre-N Wireless Router WGM124 gemäß der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung.
Product and Publication Details Model Number: WGM124 Publication Date: December 2004 Product Family: router Product Name: Pre-N Wireless Router WGM124 Home or Business Product: Home Language: English iv December 2004
Contents Chapter 1 About This Guide Audience, Conventions, and Formats ............................................................................1-1 How to Use This Manual ................................................................................................1-2 How to Print this Manual .................................................................................................1-3 Chapter 2 Getting to Know Your NETGEAR Wireless Router Package Contents .......................................
Erasing the Configuration .........................................................................................5-3 Upgrading the Wireless Router Software .......................................................................5-3 Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Common Problems Basic Functioning ...........................................................................................................6-1 Power Light Not On .........................................................................................
Ethernet Cabling ...........................................................................................................B-11 Category 5 Cable Quality ...................................................................................... B-12 Inside Twisted Pair Cables .................................................................................... B-13 Uplink Switches, Crossover Cables, and MDI/MDIX Switching ............................
Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics Wireless Networking Overview ...................................................................................... D-1 Infrastructure Mode ................................................................................................. D-1 Ad Hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup) ................................................................ D-2 Network Name: Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID) ................................ D-2 Wireless Channels .............
Chapter 1 About This Guide This chapter describes the intended audience, scope, conventions, and formats of this manual. Audience, Conventions, and Formats This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic computer and Internet skills. However, basic computer network, Internet, and firewall technologies tutorial information is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear Web site. This guide uses the following typographical conventions: Table 1-1.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual How to Use This Manual The HTML version of this manual includes the following: • Buttons, at a time and , for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page • A button that displays the table of contents and an button. Double-click on a link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the manual. • A product model. • Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual How to Print this Manual To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options, according to your needs. • Printing a Page in the HTML View. Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to a major topic. Use the Print button on the browser toolbar to print the page contents. • Printing a Chapter. Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 4 About This Guide December 2004
Chapter 2 Getting to Know Your NETGEAR Wireless Router NETGEAR wireless routers provide connections for multiple computers to the Internet through an external broadband access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem that is normally intended for use by a single computer. This chapter introduces the NETGEAR Pre-N Wireless Router WGM124. Package Contents The product package should contain the following items: • • • • Pre-N Wireless Router WGM124. AC power adapter. A Category 5 (CAT5) Ethernet cable.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The Front Panel The front panel of the wireless router includes various status lights. You can use the status lights to verify connections. Table 2-1. Status Light Descriptions Label Activity Description Power On Green Solid Amber Blink Off Power is supplied to the router. Power is supplied to the router and it is performing its diagnostic test. Power is not supplied to the router. WLAN On The WLAN wireless interface is enabled.
Chapter 3 Connecting the Router to the Internet This chapter describes how to set up the router on your local area network (LAN) and connect to the Internet. You will find out how to configure your wireless router for Internet access. Follow these instructions to set up your router. Prepare to Install Your Wireless Router • For Cable Modem Service: When you perform the wireless router setup steps be sure to use the computer you first registered with your cable ISP.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Troubleshooting Tips Here are some tips for correcting simple problems you may have. Be sure to restart your network in this sequence: 1) Turn off the modem, wireless router, and computer; 2) Turn on the modem, wait two minutes; 3) Turn on the wireless router and wait 1 minute; 4) Turn on the computer. Make sure the Ethernet cables are securely plugged in.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection You can manually configure your router using the menu below, or you can allow the Setup Wizard to determine your configuration as described in the previous section. ISP Does Not Require Login ISP Does Require Login Figure 3-1: Browser-based configuration Basic Settings menus You can manually configure the router using the Basic Settings menu shown in Figure 3-1 using these steps: 1.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual b. Internet IP Address: If your ISP has assigned you a permanent, fixed (static) IP address for your computer, select “Use static IP address”. Enter the IP address that your ISP assigned. Also enter the netmask and the Gateway IP address. The Gateway is the ISP’s router to which your router will connect. c.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Figure 3-2: Basic Settings ISP list Note: Not all ISPs are listed here. The ones on this list have special requirements. b. The screen will change according to the ISP settings requirements of the ISP you select. c. Fill in the parameters for your Internet service provider. d. Click Apply to save your settings. Click the Test button to verify you have Internet access. NETGEAR Product Registration, Support, and Documentation Register your product at http://www.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 3-6 Connecting the Router to the Internet December 2004
Chapter 4 Optimizing Wireless Connectivity and Security This chapter describes how to configure the wireless features of your wireless router. In planning your wireless network, you should consider the level of security required. You should also select the physical placement of your firewall in order to maximize the network speed. The full manual with detailed how to instructions is available on line at http://kbserver.netgear.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Implement Appropriate Wireless Security Note: Indoors, computers can connect over 802.11b/g wireless networks at ranges of up to 300 feet. Such distances can allow for others outside of your immediate area to access your network. Unlike wired network data, your wireless data transmissions can be received well beyond your walls by anyone with a compatible adapter. For this reason, use the security features of your wireless equipment.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Understanding Wireless Settings To configure the Wireless settings of your firewall, click the Wireless link in the main menu of the browser interface. • Name (SSID). The SSID is also known as the wireless network name. Enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. In a setting where there is more than one wireless network, different wireless network names provide a means for separating the traffic.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Table 4-1. Basic Wireless Security Options Field Description Automatic No wireless security. WEP WEP offers the following options: • Open System With Open Network Authentication and 64- or 128-bit WEP Data Encryption, the WGM124 does perform 64- or 128-bit data encryption but does not perform any authentication. • Shared Key Shared Key authentication encrypts the SSID and data. Choose the Encryption Strength (64- or 128-bit data encryption).
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings Before customizing your wireless settings, print this form and record the following information. • Wireless Network Name (SSID): ______________________________ The SSID, identifies the wireless network. You can use up to 32 alphanumeric characters. The SSID is case sensitive. The SSID in the wireless adapter card must match the SSID of the wireless router.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Default Factory Settings When you first receive your WGM124, the default factory settings are shown below. You can restore these defaults with the Factory Default Restore button on the rear panel. After you install the wireless router, use the procedures below to customize any of the settings to better meet your networking needs.
Chapter 5 Doing Basic Router Housekeeping This chapter describes how to use some of the maintenance features of your Pre-N Wireless Router WGM124. These features can be found by clicking on the Maintenance heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface. Other maintenance features not presented in this chapter can be found accessed via links in the browser interface of the wireless router to the User Guide and in the help screens.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual To change the password, first enter the old password, then enter the new password twice. Click Apply. Configuration File Management The configuration settings of the wireless router are stored within the wireless router in a configuration file. This file can be saved (backed up) to a user’s PC, retrieved (restored) from the user’s PC, or cleared to factory default settings.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual To restore your settings from a saved configuration file, enter the full path to the file on your PC or click the Browse button to browse to the file. When you have located it, click the Restore button to send the file to the wireless router. The wireless router will then reboot automatically. Warning: Do not interrupt the reboot process. Erasing the Configuration It is sometimes desirable to restore the wireless router to original default settings.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Figure 5-3: Router Upgrade menu To upload new firmware: 1. Download and unzip the new software file from NETGEAR. In the Router Upgrade menu, click the Browse button and browse to the location of the upgrade file 3. Click Upload. Note: When uploading software to the wireless router, it is important not to interrupt the Web browser by closing the window, clicking a link, or loading a new page. If the browser is interrupted, it may corrupt the software.
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Common Problems This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your Pre-N Wireless Router WGM124. After each problem description, instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem. Basic Functioning After you turn on power to the router, the following sequence of events should occur: 1. When power is first applied, verify that the Power light is on. 2. After approximately 10 seconds, verify that: a. The power light is solid green. b.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Lights Never Turn Off When the router is turned on, the lights turns on for about 10 seconds and then turn off. If all the lights stay on, there is a fault within the router. If all lights are still on one minute after power up: • Cycle the power to see if the router recovers. • Clear the router’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the router’s IP address to 192.168.1.1.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • Make sure your computer’s IP address is on the same subnet as the router. If you are using the default addressing schemes, your computer’s address should be in the range of 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.254. Refer to “Verifying TCP/IP Properties” on page C-8 or “Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers” on page C-19 to find your computer’s IP address. Follow the instructions in Appendix C to configure your computer.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 3. Under the Maintenance heading, select Router Status 4. Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port If 0.0.0.0 is shown, your router has not obtained an IP address from your ISP. If your router is unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP, you may need to force your cable or DSL modem to recognize your new router by performing the following procedure: 1. Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem. 2. Turn off power to your router. 3.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www addresses) to numeric IP addresses. Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS servers for your use. If you entered a DNS address during the router’s configuration, reboot your computer and verify the DNS address as described in “Install or Verify Windows Networking Components” on page C-9.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual If the path is not functioning correctly, you could have one of the following problems: • Wrong physical connections — Make sure the LAN port LED is on. If the LED is off, follow the instructions in “LAN or Internet (WAN) Port Lights Not On” on page 6-2. — Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and for the hub ports (if any) that are connected to your workstation and router.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual — Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your computers. Many broadband ISPs restrict access by only allowing traffic from the MAC address of your broadband modem, but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a single computer connected to that modem.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 6-8 Troubleshooting Common Problems December 2004
Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the Pre-N Wireless Router WGM124. Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Protocols: TCP/IP, RIP-1, RIP-2, DHCP PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) Power Adapter North America: 120V, 60 Hz, input United Kingdom, Australia: 240V, 50 Hz, input Europe: 230V, 50 Hz, input Japan: 100V, 50/60 Hz, input All regions (output): 5V DC @ 2.8A output Physical Specifications Dimensions: 33 x 235 x 148 mm (1.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Wireless Radio Data Rates 1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps Auto Rate Sensing, and pre-N up to 108 Mbps Frequency 2.4-5Ghz Data Encoding: 802.11b/g2.4GHz to 2.5GHz CCK and OFDM Modulation Maximum Computers Per Wireless Network: Limited by the amount of wireless network traffic generated by each node. Typically up to 30 nodes. Operating Frequency Ranges: 2.412~2.462 GHz (US) 2.457~2.462 GHz (Spain) 2.412~2.484 GHz (Japan)2.457~2.472 GHz (France) 2.
Appendix B Network, Routing, and Firewall Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks, routing, and networking. Related Publications As you read this document, you may be directed to various RFC documents for further information. An RFC is a Request For Comment (RFC) published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). Using RIP, routers periodically update one another and check for changes to add to the routing table. The wireless router supports both the older RIP-1 and the newer RIP-2 protocols. Among other improvements, RIP-2 supports subnet and multicast protocols. RIP is not required for most home applications.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Class A Network Node Class B Network Node Class C Network Node 7261 Figure B-1: Three Main Address Classes The five address classes are: • Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16,777,214 hosts on a single network. They use an eight-bit network number and a 24-bit node number. Class A addresses are in this range: 1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x. • Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65,354 hosts on a network.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network. For each unique value of the network portion of the address, the base address of the range (host address of all zeros) is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead. A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64,000 nodes. Most organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that can be reassigned. Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free, as shown below.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted-decimal notation. To use the table, write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted-decimal value of the additional subnet bits. For example, to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 into 16 subnets (4 bits), the new subnet mask becomes 255.255.255.240. Table 6-1.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors, it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address. In order for this scheme to work, all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation. Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3 192.168.0.1 172.21.15.105 Internet 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.5 7786EA Figure B-3: Single IP Address Operation Using NAT This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall-like protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded, ARP is used. An ARP request is broadcast onto the network. All stations on the network receive and read the request. The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request. All other stations discard the request.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP-based local area network is installed, each computer must be configured with an IP address. If the computers need to access the Internet, they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses. As an alternative to manual configuration, there is a method by which each computer on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Stateful Packet Inspection Unlike simple Internet sharing routers, a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to ensure secure firewall filtering to protect your network from attacks and intrusions. Since user-level applications such as FTP and Web browsers can create complex patterns of network traffic, it is necessary for the firewall to analyze groups of network connection states.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Table B-1. UTP Ethernet cable wiring, straight-through Pin Wire color Signal 1 Orange/White Transmit (Tx) + 2 Orange Transmit (Tx) - 3 Green/White Receive (Rx) + 4 Blue 5 Blue/White 6 Green 7 Brown/White 8 Brown Receive (Rx) - Category 5 Cable Quality Category 5 distributed cable that meets ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-A building wiring standards can be a maximum of 328 feet (ft.) or 100 meters (m) in length, divided as follows: 20 ft.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Inside Twisted Pair Cables For two devices to communicate, the transmitter of each device must be connected to the receiver of the other device. The crossover function is usually implemented internally as part of the circuitry in the device. Computers and workstation adapter cards are usually media-dependent interface ports, called MDI or uplink ports.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Figure B-6: Category 5 UTP Cable with Male RJ-45 Plug at Each End Note: Flat “silver satin” telephone cable may have the same RJ-45 plug. However, using telephone cable results in excessive collisions, causing the attached port to be partitioned or disconnected from the network.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The wireless router incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology (also called MDI/MDIX). Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection (e.g. connecting to a computer) or an uplink connection (e.g. connecting to a router, switch, or hub). That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual B-16 Network, Routing, and Firewall Basics December 2004
Appendix C Preparing Your Network This appendix describes how to prepare your network to connect to the Internet through the Pre-N Wireless Router WGM124 and how to verify the readiness of broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider (ISP).
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual For the initial setup of your router, you will need to connect a computer to the router. This computer has to be set to automatically get its TCP/IP configuration from the router via DHCP. Note: For help with DHCP configuration, please use the Windows TCP/IP Configuration Tutorials on the NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup CD, or in this appendix.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Record Your Internet Connection Information Print this page. Fill in the configuration parameters from your Internet Service Provider (ISP). ISP Login Name: The login name and password are case sensitive and must be entered exactly as given by your ISP. Some ISPs use your full e-mail address as the login name. The Service Name is not required by all ISPs.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Most operating systems include the software components you need for networking with TCP/IP: • Windows® 95 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP/IP network. • Windows 3.1 does not include a TCP/IP component. You need to purchase a third-party TCP/ IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon. • Macintosh Operating System 7 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP/IP network.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 2. Double-click the Network icon. The Network window opens, which displays a list of installed components: You must have an Ethernet adapter, the TCP/IP protocol, and Client for Microsoft Networks. Note: It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter, TCP/IP, or Client for Microsoft Networks. If you need to install a new adapter, follow these steps: a. Click the Add button. b.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual c. Select Microsoft. d. Select TCP/IP, and then click OK. If you need Client for Microsoft Networks: 3. a. Click the Add button. b. Select Client, and then click Add. c. Select Microsoft. d. Select Client for Microsoft Networks, and then click OK. Restart your PC for the changes to take effect.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Locate your Network Neighborhood icon. • If the Network Neighborhood icon is on the Windows desktop, position your mouse pointer over it and right-click your mouse button. • If the icon is not on the desktop, • Click Start on the task bar located at the bottom left of the window. • Choose Settings, and then Control Panel. • Locate the Network Neighborhood icon and click on it. This will open the Network panel as shown below.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • By default, the IP Address tab is open on this window. • Verify the following: Obtain an IP address automatically is selected. If not selected, click in the radio button to the left of it to select it. This setting is required to enable the DHCP server to automatically assign an IP address. • Click OK to continue. Restart the PC. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network. Selecting Windows’ Internet Access Method 1.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 2. Type winipcfg, and then click OK. The IP Configuration window opens, which lists (among other things), your IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. 3. From the drop-down box, select your Ethernet adapter. The window is updated to show your settings, which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP/IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway: • The IP address is between 192.168.1.2 and 192.168.1.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP, 2000, or NT4 You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP/IP. The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows. DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP Locate your Network Neighborhood icon. • Select Control Panel from the Windows XP new Start Menu.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • Now you should be at the Local Area Network Connection Status window. This box displays the connection status, duration, speed, and activity statistics. • Administrator logon access rights are needed to use this window. • Click the Properties button to view details about the connection. • The TCP/IP details are presented on the Support tab page. • Select Internet Protocol, and click Properties to view the configuration information.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • Verify that the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button is selected. • Verify that Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button is selected. • Click the OK button. This completes the DHCP configuration of TCP/ IP in Windows XP. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network. DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows 2000 Once again, after you have installed the network card, TCP/IP for Windows 2000 is configured.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • Click on the My Network Places icon on the Windows desktop. This will bring up a window called Network and Dial-up Connections. • Right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties. • The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box appears. • Verify that you have the correct Ethernet card selected in the Connect using: box.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • With Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) selected, click on Properties to open the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialogue box. • Verify that • Obtain an IP address automatically is selected. • Obtain DNS server address automatically is selected. • Click OK to return to Local Area Connection Properties. • Click OK again to complete the configuration process for Windows 2000. Restart the PC.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4 Once you have installed the network card, you need to configure the TCP/IP environment for Windows NT 4.0. Follow this procedure to configure TCP/IP with DHCP in Windows NT 4.0. • Choose Settings from the Start Menu, and then select Control Panel. This will display Control Panel window. • Double-click the Network icon in the Control Panel window. The Network panel will display. • Select the Protocols tab to continue.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • Highlight the TCP/IP Protocol in the Network Protocols box, and click on the Properties button.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • The TCP/IP Properties dialog box now displays. • Click the IP Address tab. • Select the radio button marked Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server. • Click OK. This completes the configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT. Restart the PC. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network. Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP, 2000, and NT4 To check your PC’s TCP/IP configuration: 1.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • 4. The default gateway is 192.168.1.1 Type exit Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7, TCP/IP is already installed on the Macintosh. On each networked Macintosh, you will need to configure TCP/IP to use DHCP. MacOS 8.6 or 9.x 1. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP. The TCP/IP Control Panel opens: 2. From the “Connect via” box, select your Macintosh’s Ethernet interface. 3.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 2. If not already selected, select Built-in Ethernet in the Configure list. 3. If not already selected, Select Using DHCP in the TCP/IP tab. 4. Click Save. Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted, you can check the TCP/IP configuration by returning to the TCP/IP Control Panel. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account For broadband access to the Internet, you need to contract with an Internet service provider (ISP) for a single-user Internet access account using a cable modem or DSL modem. This modem must be a separate physical box (not a card) and must provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card (NIC) in a computer. Your firewall does not support a USB-connected broadband modem.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • An IP address and subnet mask • A gateway IP address, which is the address of the ISP’s router • One or more domain name server (DNS) IP addresses • Host name and domain suffix For example, your account’s full server names may look like this: mail.xxx.yyy.com In this example, the domain suffix is xxx.yyy.com. If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP, your firewall automatically acquires them.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways, write down the address. This is the ISP’s gateway address. Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address. 6. Select the DNS Configuration tab. If any DNS server addresses are shown, write down the addresses. If any information appears in the Host or Domain information box, write it down. Click Disable DNS. 7. Click OK to save your changes and close the TCP/IP Properties dialog box.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Restarting the Network Once you’ve set up your computers to work with the firewall, you must reset the network for the devices to be able to communicate correctly. Restart any computer that is connected to the firewall. After configuring all of your computers for TCP/IP networking and restarting them, and connecting them to the local network of your wireless router, you are ready to access and configure the firewall.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual C-24 Preparing Your Network December 2004
Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics Wireless Networking Overview The wireless router conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11g standard for wireless LANs (WLANs). On an 802.11 wireless link, data is encoded using direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.5GHz. The maximum data rate for the 802.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Ad Hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup) In an ad hoc network, computers are brought together as needed; thus, there is no structure or fixed points to the network - each node can generally communicate with any other node. There is no access point involved in this configuration.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The radio frequency channels used are listed in Table D-1: Table D-1. 802.11g Radio Frequency Channels Channel Center Frequency Frequency Spread 1 2412 MHz 2399.5 MHz - 2424.5 MHz 2 2417 MHz 2404.5 MHz - 2429.5 MHz 3 2422 MHz 2409.5 MHz - 2434.5 MHz 4 2427 MHz 2414.5 MHz - 2439.5 MHz 5 2432 MHz 2419.5 MHz - 2444.5 MHz 6 2437 MHz 2424.5 MHz - 2449.5 MHz 7 2442 MHz 2429.5 MHz - 2454.5 MHz 8 2447 MHz 2434.5 MHz - 2459.5 MHz 9 2452 MHz 2439.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual WEP Wireless Security The absence of a physical connection between nodes makes the wireless links vulnerable to eavesdropping and information theft. To provide a certain level of security, the IEEE 802.11 standard has defined two types of authentication methods, Open System and Shared Key. With Open System authentication, a wireless computer can join any network and receive any messages that are not encrypted.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • Shared Key Authentication requires that the station and the access point have the same WEP Key to authenticate. These two authentication procedures are described below. WEP Open System Authentication This process is illustrated in below. 802.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual WEP Shared Key Authentication This process is illustrated in below. 802.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Key Size and Configuration The IEEE 802.11 standard supports two types of WEP encryption: 40-bit and 128-bit. The 64-bit WEP data encryption method, allows for a five-character (40-bit) input. Additionally, 24 factory-set bits are added to the forty-bit input to generate a 64-bit encryption key. (The 24 factory-set bits are not user-configurable). This encryption key will be used to encrypt/decrypt all data transmitted via the wireless interface.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual How to Use WEP Parameters Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data encryption is used when the wireless devices are configured to operate in Shared Key authentication mode. There are two shared key methods implemented in most commercially available products, 64-bit and 128-bit WEP data encryption. Before enabling WEP on an 802.11 network, you must first consider what type of encryption you require and the key size you want to use.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • • • • Enhanced data privacy Robust key management Data origin authentication Data integrity protection The Wi-Fi Alliance is now performing interoperability certification testing on Wi-Fi Protected Access products. Starting August of 2003, all new Wi-Fi certified products will have to support WPA. NETGEAR will implement WPA on client and access point products and make this available in the second half of 2003.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual How Does WPA Compare to IEEE 802.11i? WPA will be forward compatible with the IEEE 802.11i security specification currently under development. WPA is a subset of the current 802.11i draft and uses certain pieces of the 802.11i draft that are ready to bring to market today, such as 802.1x and TKIP. The main pieces of the 802.11i draft that are not included in WPA are secure IBSS (Ad-Hoc mode), secure fast handoff (for specialized 802.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual The primary information conveyed in the Beacon frames is the authentication method and the cipher suite. Possible authentication methods include 802.1X and Pre-shared key. Pre-shared key is an authentication method that uses a statically configured pass phrase on both the stations and the access point. This obviates the need for an authentication server, which in many home and small office environments will not be available nor desirable.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual WPA Authentication: Enterprise-level User Authentication via 802.1x/EAP and RADIUS Wireless LAN WPA enabled wireless client with “supplicant” WPA enabled Access Point using pre-shared key or 802.1x Wired Network with Optional 802.1x Port Based Network Access Control TCP/IP Ports Closed Until TCP/IP Ports Opened After Authenticated RADIUS Server Login Authentication Certificate Authority (eg Win Server, VeriSign, etc) Figure D-3: WPA Overview IEEE 802.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Client with a WPAenabled wireless adapter and supplicant (Win XP, Funk, Meetinghouse, etc.) For example, a RADIUS server For example, a WPA-enabled AP 1 2 3 4 6 5 7 Figure D-4: 802.1x Authentication Sequence The AP sends Beacon Frames with WPA information element to the stations in the service set. Information elements include the required authentication method (802.1x or Pre-shared key) and the preferred cipher suite (WEP, TKIP, or AES).
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual 3. The client sends an EAP-response packet containing the identity to the authentication server. The access point responds by enabling a port for passing only EAP packets from the client to an authentication server located on the wired side of the access point. The access point blocks all other traffic, such as HTTP, DHCP, and POP3 packets, until the access point can verify the client's identity using an authentication server (e.g., RADIUS). 4.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) WPA uses TKIP to provide important data encryption enhancements including a per-packet key mixing function, a message integrity check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism. TKIP also provides for the following: • • • The verification of the security configuration after the encryption keys are determined.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Is WPA Perfect? WPA is not without its vulnerabilities. Specifically, it is susceptible to denial of service (DoS) attacks. If the access point receives two data packets that fail the Message Integrity Code (MIC) check within 60 seconds of each other then the network is under an active attack, and as a result, the access point employs counter measures, which includes disassociating each station using the access point.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual • • • • • The new WPA information element To advertise their support of WPA, wireless APs send the beacon frame with a new 802.11 WPA information element that contains the wireless AP's security configuration (encryption algorithms and wireless security configuration information). The WPA two-phase authentication Open system, then 802.1x (EAP with RADIUS or preshared key).
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Changes to Wireless Client Programs Wireless client programs must be updated to permit the configuration of WPA authentication (and preshared key) and the new WPA encryption algorithms (TKIP and the optional AES component). To obtain the Microsoft WPA client program, visit the following Microsoft Web site.
Glossary Use the list below to find definitions for technical terms used in this manual. List of Glossary Terms 802.11b IEEE specification for wireless networking at 11 Mbps using direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and operating in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.5GHz. 802.11g A soon to be ratified IEEE specification for wireless networking at 54 Mbps using direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and operating in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.5GHz. 802.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Domain Name A descriptive name for an address or group of addresses on the Internet. Domain names are of the form of a registered entity name plus one of a number of predefined top level suffixes such as .com, .edu, .uk, etc. For example, in the address mail.NETGEAR.com, mail is a server name and NETGEAR.com is the domain.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual MAC address The Media Access Control address is a unique 48-bit hardware address assigned to every network interface card. Usually written in the form 01:23:45:67:89:ab. Mbps Megabits per second. Point-to-Point Protocol PPP. A protocol allowing a computer using TCP/IP to connect directly to the Internet. PPPoA PPPoA. PPP over ATM is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always-on connection by simulating a dial-up connection. PPPoE PPPoE.
NETGEAR Wireless Router Setup Manual Subnetting enables the network administrator to further divide the host part of the address into two or more subnets. In this case, a part of the host address is reserved to identify the particular subnet. This is easier to see if we show the IP address in binary format. The full address is: 10010110.11010111.00010001.00001001 The Class B network part is: 10010110.11010111 and the host address is 00010001.
Index Numerics 802.
auto-generated 6-3 private B-7 translating B-9 IP configuration by DHCP B-10 IP networking for Macintosh C-18 for Windows C-4, C-9 L LEDs troubleshooting 6-2 M MAC address 6-7, B-8 spoofing 3-4, 6-4 port forwarding behind NAT B-8 PPP over Ethernet C-20 PPPoE C-20 Primary DNS Server 3-4 protocols Address Resolution B-8 DHCP B-10 Routing Information B-2 publications, related B-1 R range 4-1 restore configuration 5-1 restore factory settings 5-3 Macintosh C-21 configuring for IP networking C-18 DHCP Clien
U Uplink switch B-14 USB C-20 W WEP D-8 Wi-Fi D-1, D-4 Windows, configuring for IP routing C-4, C-9 winipcfg utility C-8 WinPOET C-20 Wired Equivalent Privacy.
