Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 NETGEAR, Inc. 4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA 202-10034-01 Version 1.
© 2004 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
Europe - EU Declaration of Conformity This device is a 2.4 GHz low power RF device intended for home and office use in EU and EFTA member states. In some EU / EFTA member states some restrictions may apply. Please contact local spectrum management authorities for further details before putting this device into operation. Marking by the above symbol indicates compliance with the Essential Requirements of the R&TTE Directive of the European Union (1999/5/EC).
Declaration of Conformity in Languages of the European Community English Hereby, NETGEAR, Inc. declares that this Radio LAN device is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. Finnish Valmistaja NETGEAR, Inc.vakuuttaa täten että Radio LAN device tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen. Dutch Hierbij verklaart NETGEAR, Inc.
Model Name: 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router Model No.: WGR101 This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rule. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Contact Person: Jimmy Su Contact Address: 4500 Great America Parkway, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA TEL: +1-408-907-8000 FAX: +1-408-907-8097 E-MAIL: jimmy.su@netgear.
Contents Chapter 1 About This Manual Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats ................................................................1-1 How to Use This Manual ................................................................................................1-2 How to Print this Manual .................................................................................................1-3 Chapter 2 Introduction Key Features ...............................................................................
Implement Appropriate Wireless Security ......................................................................4-2 Understanding Wireless Settings ...................................................................................4-3 Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings .............................4-6 Default Factory Settings ...........................................................................................4-7 How to Set Up and Test Basic Wireless Connectivity .............
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ........................................................7-5 Appendix A Technical Specifications Appendix B Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics Related Publications ...................................................................................................... B-1 Basic Router Concepts .................................................................................................. B-1 What is a Router? ..............................................
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components ................................................. C-7 DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP, 2000, or NT4 ............................... C-8 DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP ..................................................... C-8 DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows 2000 ................................................ C-10 DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4 ..................................................
Chapter 1 About This Manual This chapter describes the intended audience, scope, conventions, and formats of this manual. Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet skills. However, basic computer network, Internet, firewall, and VPN technologies tutorial information is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear website. This guide uses the following typographical conventions: Table 1-1.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 How to Use This Manual The HTML version of this manual includes a variety of navigation features as well as links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters. 2 1 3 Figure 1 -1: HTML version of this manual 1. Left pane. Use the left pane to view the Contents, Index, Search, and Favorites tabs. To view the HTML version of the manual, you must have a version 4 or later browser with JavaScript enabled. 2. Toolbar buttons.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 How to Print this Manual To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options, according to your needs. • Printing a “How To” Sequence of Steps in the HTML View. Use the Print button on the upper right of the toolbar to print the currently displayed topic. Use this button when a step-by-step procedure is displayed to send the entire procedure to your printer.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 4 About This Manual May 2004 (202-10034-01)
Chapter 2 Introduction Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR® 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 . The WGR101 wireless travel router provides connection for multiple computers to the Internet through an RJ45 wall slot or an external broadband access device (such as a cable modem) that is normally intended for use by a single computer. This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 .
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 802.11g Wireless Networking The WGR101 wireless travel router includes an 802.11g wireless access point, providing continuous, high-speed 54 Mbps access between your wireless and Ethernet devices. The access point provides: • 802.11g wireless networking at up to 54 Mbps. • 802.11g wireless networking, with the ability to operate in 802.11g-only, 802.11b-only, or 802.11g and b modes, providing backwards compatibility with 802.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 The router incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology. Each Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a ‘normal’ connection such as to a computer or an ‘uplink’ connection such as to a switch or hub. That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • Firmware Update The WGR101 wireless travel router can be updated if a newer version of firmware is available. This lets you take advantage of product enhancements for your WGR101 as soon as they become available. • Visual monitoring The WGR101 wireless travel router’s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and activity.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 The Router’s Switch 3WITCH IN POSITION Figure 2-1: WGR101, Side View The side of the WGR101 Travel Router has a four-position switch. It ships in position 1, which is used when connecting to the router as a single user.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 The Router’s Front Panel The front panel of the WGR101 wireless travel router contains the status lights described below. Power Wireless Port Ethernet Port Figure 2-2: WGR101 Front Panel You can use the status lights to verify connections. Viewed from left to right, the table below describes the lights on the front panel of the router. Table 2-1.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 The Router’s Rear Panel The rear panel of the router is shown below. Viewed from left to right, the rear panel contains the following features: Power Reset Button Ethernet WAN/LAN Port Figure 2-3: WGR101 Rear Panel • Reset: This push button can reset the router to the last settings, or reset to the factory default settings.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 2-8 Introduction May 2004 (202-10034-01)
Chapter 3 Connecting the Router to the Internet This chapter describes how to set up the router on your local area network (LAN) and connect to the Internet. You will find out how to configure your 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 for Internet access.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Setup Options Overview Locate the recommended setup for the WGR101 Travel Router on the chart below. 3WITCH POSITION ,!. Figure 3-1: Single User Scenarios Type of Use Recommended Setup Application Usage Switch Position on the Unit Comment One computer access, Quick Installation casual use, no (No WEP security) sensitive data. Exclusive access for the first computer to select this SSID.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 3WITCH POSITION ,!. Figure 3-2: Multiple User Scenarios Type of Use Recommended Setup Application Usage Switch Position on the Unit Comment Multiple computers, casual use, no sensitive data. Quick Installation (No Shared among computers that WEP Security), Multiple user switch use this SSID. position 2 No configuration required. Multiple computers working where others may accidentally connect to this SSID.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Quick Installation: No Router Configuration or WEP Security These instructions assume the following: • • • You will connect the WGR101 wireless travel router to an RJ45 wall slot in the office or hotel, or a broadband router at home You will not use wireless WEP security One or more wireless computers will connect to the WGR101 wireless travel router. Use WEP (“Basic Wireless Security WEP Configuration” on page 3-8) to protect sensitive data.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 How to Log in to the Wireless Travel Router You can always connect to the router to change its settings. These two switch settings enable you to log in: • • • • Switch position 1: single wireless computer only access, no configuration access Switch position 2: configuration and multiple wireless computer access as explained in “Network Configuration” on page 6-1.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 3WITCH POSITION Figure 3-5: Computer connected via Ethernet cable to WGR101 wireless travel router 3. Connect an Ethernet cable to the wireless travel router. Check the status lights and verify the following: Power: When you first turn on the router, the power light blinks during the diagnostic self test, then turns solid green. Ethernet: The Ethernet port light on the wireless travel router should be lit.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 When prompted, enter admin for the router user name and password for the router password, both in lower case letters. The WGR101 wireless travel router and display the home page as shown in below. Figure 3-7: Switch position 3 login result: WGR101 wireless settings page The browser will then display the WGR101 wireless settings page. You can set the wireless security options on this page.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Basic Wireless Security WEP Configuration The procedure provides instructions for basic wireless security configuration for single or multiple users. For full instructions on setting the wireless settings, see “Wireless Configuration” on page 4-1. 1. LOG IN TO THE WGR101 WIRELESS TRAVEL ROUTER (SEE PAGE 3-5) The WGR101 wireless travel router and display the wireless settings page as shown in below.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 c. Select the Encryption Strength (128 bit or 64 bit) for Security Encryption (WEP). d. Enter a Passphrase for the Security Encryption (WEP) key. After configuration the Passphrase can be used to configure NETGEAR equipment instead of entering the WEP number. e. Click Generate to create the WEP key. If using a Passphrase, write it down. Otherwise, write down the WEP number.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • If you are using the Travel Router with multiple users, it works as a secondary router. The primary router may be set up to block parameters such as ftp or TCPIP. Check the settings on the primary router. • The Travel Router default IP setting is 192.168.0.1 with the user name of admin and the password of password. If you connect the Travel Router to another router that also is set as 192.168.0.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Note: Product updates and support information are available on the NETGEAR Web site at www.netgear.com/support/main.asp.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 3-12 Connecting the Router to the Internet May 2004 (202-10034-01)
Chapter 4 Wireless Configuration This chapter describes how to configure the wireless features of your WGR101 wireless travel router. In planning your wireless network, you should consider the level of security required. You should also select the physical placement of your firewall in order to maximize the network speed. For further information on wireless networking, refer to in Appendix D, “Wireless Networking Basics.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Implement Appropriate Wireless Security Note: Indoors, computers can connect over 802.11b/g wireless networks at ranges of up to 300 feet. Such distances can allow for others outside of your immediate area to access your network. Unlike wired network data, your wireless data transmissions can be received well beyond your walls by anyone with a compatible adapter. For this reason, use the security features of your wireless equipment.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • Turn Off the Wired LAN. If you disable the wireless LAN, wireless devices cannot communicate with the router at all. You might choose to turn off the wireless the LAN when you are away and the others in the household all use wired connections. Understanding Wireless Settings To configure the Wireless settings of your firewall, click the Wireless link in the main menu of the browser interface.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • Name (SSID). The SSID is also known as the wireless network name. Enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. In a setting where there is more than one wireless network, different wireless network names provide a means for separating the traffic. Any device you want to participate in a particular wireless network will need to use this SSID for that network. The WGR101 default SSID is: NETGEAR. • Region.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Table 4-1. Basic Wireless Security Options Field Description Automatic No wireless security. WEP WEP offers the following options: • Open System With Open Network Authentication and 64- or 128-bit WEP Data Encryption, the WGR101 does perform 64- or 128-bit data encryption but does not perform any authentication. • Shared Key Shared Key authentication encrypts the SSID and data.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings Before customizing your wireless settings, print this form and record the following information. If you are working with an existing wireless network, the person who set up or is responsible for the network will be able to provide this information. Otherwise, you will choose the settings for your wireless network.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Default Factory Settings When you first receive your WGR101, the default factory settings are shown below. You can restore these defaults with the Factory Default Restore button on the rear panel. After you install the WGR101 wireless travel router, use the procedures below to customize any of the settings to better meet your networking needs.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Note: The SSID is case sensitive; NETGEAR is not the same as nETgear. Also, the SSID of any wireless access adapters must match the SSID you configure in the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 . If they do not match, you will not get a wireless connection to the WGR101. 4. Set the Region. Select the region in which the wireless interface will operate. 5. Set the Channel. The default channel is 11.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Note: If you use a wireless computer configure WEP settings, you will be disconnected when you click on Apply. You must then either configure your wireless adapter to match the wireless travel router WEP settings or access the wireless travel router from a wired computer to make any further changes. Log in to the WGR101 firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 You can manually or automatically program the four data encryption keys. These values must be identical on all computers and Access Points in your network. • Automatic - Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box and click the Generate button. The passphrase is case sensitive; NETGEAR is not the same as nETgear. The four key boxes will be automatically populated with key values.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Figure 4-4: Wireless Card Access List Setup 4. Click Add to add a wireless device to the wireless access control list. The Available Wireless Cards list displays. 5. Click the Turn Access Control On check box. 6. Then, either select from the list of available wireless cards the WGR101 has found in your area, or enter the MAC address and device name for a device you plan to use.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 4-12 Wireless Configuration May 2004 (202-10034-01)
Chapter 5 Management This chapter describes how to use the maintenance features of your 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 . Set the Travel Router switch to position 2 or position 3. Then you can click the Maintenance heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface to open the Router Status page. Viewing Wireless Travel Router Status Information The Router Status menu provides a limited amount of status and usage information.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 This screen shows the following parameters: Table 5-1. Menu 3.2 - Wireless Travel Router Status Fields Field Description Account Name This field displays the Host Name assigned to the router. Firmware Version This field displays the router firmware version. Internet Port These parameters apply to the Internet (WAN) port of the router.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Click on the “Show WAN Status” button to display the WAN status, as shown below. Figure 5-2: Connection Status screen This screen shows the following statistics:. Table 5-1. Connection Status Fields Field Description Connection Time The length of time the router has been connected to your Internet service provider’s network. Connection Method The method used to obtain an IP address from your Internet service provider.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 WAN Status action buttons are described in Table 5-2 Table 5-2. Show WAN Status action buttons Field Description Renew Click the Renew button to renew the DHCP lease. Click on the “Show Statistics” button to display router usage statistics, as shown below. Figure 5-3: Router Statistics screen This screen shows the following statistics: Table 5-1.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Table 5-1. Field Up Time Poll Interval Router Statistics Fields (continued) Description The time elapsed since this port acquired the link. Specifies the intervals at which the statistics are updated in this window. Click on Stop to freeze the display. Show Statistics action buttons are described in Table 5-2 Table 5-2.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Upgrading the Router Software The routing software of the WGR101 wireless travel router is stored in FLASH memory, and can be upgraded as new software is released by NETGEAR. Note: The web browser used to upload new firmware into the WGR101 wireless travel router must support HTTP uploads. Use Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator 4.0 or above. Do not interrupt the upgrade process once it has started.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select the Settings Backup heading to bring up the menu shown below. Figure 5-5: Settings Backup menu Three options are available, and are described in the following sections. Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration The Restore and Backup options in the Settings Backup menu allow you to save and retrieve a file containing your router’s configuration settings.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Erasing the Configuration It is sometimes desirable to restore the router to the factory default settings. This can be done by using the Erase function, which will restore all factory settings. After an erase, the router's password will be password, the LAN IP address will be 192.168.0.1, and the router's DHCP client will be enabled. To erase the configuration, click the Erase button.
Chapter 6 Network Configuration This chapter describes how to configure the advanced features of your 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 . If the WGR101 switch is set at position 2 for multiple users, or position 3 for configuration, you can access this feature. It can be found under the Advanced heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Power: When you first turn on the router, the power light blinks during the diagnostic self test, then turns solid green. Ethernet: The Ethernet port light on the wireless travel router will off. Wireless: The Wireless light should be lit. If the Wireless light is not lit, see the Basic Setup Troubleshooting Tips below. 3. From a wireless computer, open a Web browser such as Internet Explorer. 4. Type http://192.168.0.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Figure 6-4: Switch position 2 login result: WGR101 basic settings page The browser will then display the WGR101 basic settings page. You can set the wireless security options on this page. For instructions on setting the wireless settings, see “Network Configuration” on page 6-1. If you do not click Logout, the wireless travel router will wait 5 minutes after there is no activity before it automatically logs you out.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 a. Enter your Account Name (may also be called Host Name) and Domain Name. These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s services such as mail or news servers. b. Internet IP Address: If your ISP has assigned you a permanent, fixed (static) IP address for your computer, select “Use static IP address”. Enter the IP address that your ISP assigned. Also enter the netmask and the Gateway IP address.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Note: DMZ servers pose a security risk. A computer designated as the default DMZ server loses much of the protection of the firewall, and is exposed to exploits from the Internet. If compromised, the DMZ server can be used to attack your network. Incoming traffic from the Internet is normally discarded by the router unless the traffic is a response to one of your local computers or a service that you have configured in the Ports menu.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Using WAN IP Setup Options The LAN IP Setup feature is under the Advanced heading of the main menu. This feature allows configuration of LAN IP services such as DHCP and RIP. From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on LAN IP Setup to view the LAN IP Setup menu, shown below. Figure 6-5: LAN IP Setup Menu The router is shipped preconfigured to use private IP addresses on the LAN side, and to act as a DHCP server.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • RIP Direction RIP (Router Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers. The RIP Direction selection controls how the router sends and receives RIP packets. Both is the default. — When set to Both or Out Only, the router will broadcast its routing table periodically. — When set to Both or In Only, it will incorporate the RIP information that it receives.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Specify the pool of IP addresses to be assigned by setting the Starting IP Address and Ending IP Address. These addresses should be part of the same IP address subnet as the router’s LAN IP address. Using the default addressing scheme, you should define a range between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.253, although you may wish to save part of the range for devices with fixed addresses.
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 . After each problem description, instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem. Basic Functioning After you turn on power to the router, the following sequence of events should occur: 1. When power is first applied, verify that the Power light 2. After approximately 10 seconds, verify that: is on. a. The power light is solid green. b.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Lights Never Turn Off When the router is turned on, the lights turns on for about 10 seconds and then turn off. If all the lights stay on, there is a fault within the router. If all lights are still on one minute after power up: • Cycle the power to see if the router recovers. • Clear the router’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the router’s IP address to 192.168.0.1.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface If you are unable to access the router’s web Configuration interface from a computer on your local network, check the following: • Check the Ethernet connection between the computer and the router as described in the previous section. • Make sure your computer’s IP address is on the same subnet as the router.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility Most TCP/IP terminal devices and routers contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet to the designated device. The device then responds with an echo reply. Troubleshooting a TCP/IP network is made very easy by using the ping utility in your computer or workstation.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 — Verify that the IP address for your router and your workstation are correct and that the addresses are on the same subnet. Testing the Path from Your Computer to a Remote Device After verifying that the LAN path works correctly, test the path from your computer to a remote device. From the Windows run menu, type: PING -n 10 where is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP’s DNS server.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • Use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router. Use this method for cases when the administration password or IP address is not known. To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the administration password or IP address, you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router. 1. Press and hold the Default Reset button until the power light blinks on (about 10 seconds). 2.
Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 . Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Protocols: TCP/IP, DHCP Power Adapter North America: 120V, 60 Hz, input United Kingdom, Australia: 240V, 50 Hz, input Europe: 230V, 50 Hz, input Japan: 100V, 50/60 Hz, input All regions (output): 5 V DC @ 2A output, 7W maximum Physical Specifications Dimensions: 28 x 175 x 118 mm (1.1 x 6.89 x 4.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Wireless Radio Data Rates 1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps Auto Rate Sensing Frequency 2.4-2.5Ghz Data Encoding: 802.11b: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 802.11g: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Maximum Computers Per Wireless Network: Limited by the amount of wireless network traffic generated by each node. Typically 30-70 nodes. Operating Frequency Ranges: 2.412~2.462 GHz (US) 2.457~2.
Appendix B Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks, routing, and networking. Related Publications As you read this document, you may be directed to various RFC documents for further information. An RFC is a Request For Comment (RFC) published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). Using RIP, routers periodically update one another and check for changes to add to the routing table. The WGR101 wireless travel router supports both the older RIP-1 and the newer RIP-2 protocols. Among other improvements, RIP-2 supports subnet and multicast protocols.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Class A Network Node Class B Network Node Class C Network Node 7261 Figure B-1: Three Main Address Classes The five address classes are: • Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16,777,214 hosts on a single network. They use an eight-bit network number and a 24-bit node number. Class A addresses are in this range: 1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x. • Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65,354 hosts on a network.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network. For each unique value of the network portion of the address, the base address of the range (host address of all zeros) is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead. A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64,000 nodes. Most organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that can be reassigned. Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free, as shown below.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted-decimal notation. To use the table, write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted-decimal value of the additional subnet bits. For example, to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 into 16 subnets (4 bits), the new subnet mask becomes 255.255.255.240. Table 7-1.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors, it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address. In order for this scheme to work, all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation. Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3 192.168.0.1 172.21.15.105 Internet 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded, ARP is used. An ARP request is broadcast onto the network. All stations on the network receive and read the request. The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request. All other stations discard the request.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP-based local area network is installed, each computer must be configured with an IP address. If the computers need to access the Internet, they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses. As an alternative to manual configuration, there is a method by which each computer on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Stateful Packet Inspection Unlike simple Internet sharing routers, a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to ensure secure firewall filtering to protect your network from attacks and intrusions. Since user-level applications such as FTP and web browsers can create complex patterns of network traffic, it is necessary for the firewall to analyze groups of network connection states.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Table B-1. UTP Ethernet cable wiring, straight-through Pin Wire color Signal 1 Orange/White Transmit (Tx) + 2 Orange Transmit (Tx) - 3 Green/White Receive (Rx) + 4 Blue 5 Blue/White 6 Green 7 Brown/White 8 Brown Receive (Rx) - Category 5 Cable Quality Category 5 distributed cable that meets ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-A building wiring standards can be a maximum of 328 feet (ft.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Inside Twisted Pair Cables For two devices to communicate, the transmitter of each device must be connected to the receiver of the other device. The crossover function is usually implemented internally as part of the circuitry in the device. Computers and workstation adapter cards are usually media-dependent interface ports, called MDI or uplink ports.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Figure B-6: Category 5 UTP Cable with Male RJ-45 Plug at Each End Note: Flat “silver satin” telephone cable may have the same RJ-45 plug. However, using telephone cable results in excessive collisions, causing the attached port to be partitioned or disconnected from the network.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 The WGR101 wireless travel router incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology (also called MDI/ MDIX). Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection (e.g. connecting to a computer) or an uplink connection (e.g. connecting to a router, switch, or hub). That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 B-16 Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics May 2004 (202-10034-01)
Appendix C Preparing Your Network This appendix describes how to prepare your network to connect to the Internet through the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 and how to verify the readiness of broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider (ISP).
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 In your IP network, each computer and the router must be assigned a unique IP addresses. Each computer must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask (netmask), a domain name server (DNS) address, and a default gateway address. In most cases, you should install TCP/IP so that the computer obtains its specific network configuration information automatically from a DHCP server during bootup.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 You must have an Ethernet adapter, the TCP/IP protocol, and Client for Microsoft Networks. Note: It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter, TCP/IP, or Client for Microsoft Networks. If you need to install a new adapter, follow these steps: a. Click the Add button. b. Select Adapter, and then click Add. c.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 If you need Client for Microsoft Networks: 3. a. Click the Add button. b. Select Client, and then click Add. c. Select Microsoft. d. Select Client for Microsoft Networks, and then click OK. Restart your PC for the changes to take effect.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Verify the following settings as shown: • Client for Microsoft Network exists • Ethernet adapter is present • TCP/IP is present • Primary Network Logon is set to Windows logon Click on the Properties button. The following TCP/IP Properties window will display.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • By default, the IP Address tab is open on this window. • Verify the following: Obtain an IP address automatically is selected. If not selected, click in the radio button to the left of it to select it. This setting is required to enable the DHCP server to automatically assign an IP address. • Click OK to continue. Restart the PC. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 2. Type winipcfg, and then click OK. The IP Configuration window opens, which lists (among other things), your IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. 3. From the drop-down box, select your Ethernet adapter. The window is updated to show your settings, which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP/IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway: • The IP address is between 192.168.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP, 2000, or NT4 You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP/IP. The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows. DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP Locate your Network Neighborhood icon. • Select Control Panel from the Windows XP new Start Menu.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • Now you should be at the Local Area Network Connection Status window. This box displays the connection status, duration, speed, and activity statistics. • Administrator logon access rights are needed to use this window. • Click the Properties button to view details about the connection. • The TCP/IP details are presented on the Support tab page. • Select Internet Protocol, and click Properties to view the configuration information.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • Verify that the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button is selected. • Verify that Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button is selected. • Click the OK button. This completes the DHCP configuration of TCP/ IP in Windows XP. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • Click on the My Network Places icon on the Windows desktop. This will bring up a window called Network and Dial-up Connections. • Right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties. • The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box appears. • Verify that you have the correct Ethernet card selected in the Connect using: box.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • With Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) selected, click on Properties to open the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialogue box. • Verify that • Obtain an IP address automatically is selected. • Obtain DNS server address automatically is selected. • Click OK to return to Local Area Connection Properties. • Click OK again to complete the configuration process for Windows 2000. Restart the PC.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4 Once you have installed the network card, you need to configure the TCP/IP environment for Windows NT 4.0. Follow this procedure to configure TCP/IP with DHCP in Windows NT 4.0. • Choose Settings from the Start Menu, and then select Control Panel. This will display Control Panel window. • Double-click the Network icon in the Control Panel window. The Network panel will display.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • Highlight the TCP/IP Protocol in the Network Protocols box, and click on the Properties button.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • The TCP/IP Properties dialog box now displays. • Click the IP Address tab. • Select the radio button marked Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server. • Click OK. This completes the configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT. Restart the PC. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network. Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP, 2000, and NT4 To check your PC’s TCP/IP configuration: 1.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • 4. The default gateway is 192.168.0.1 Type exit Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7, TCP/IP is already installed on the Macintosh. On each networked Macintosh, you will need to configure TCP/IP to use DHCP. MacOS 8.6 or 9.x 1. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP. The TCP/IP Control Panel opens: 2.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 2. If not already selected, select Built-in Ethernet in the Configure list. 3. If not already selected, Select Using DHCP in the TCP/IP tab. 4. Click Save. Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted, you can check the TCP/IP configuration by returning to the TCP/IP Control Panel. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account For broadband access to the Internet, you need to contract with an Internet service provider (ISP) for a single-user Internet access account using a cable modem or DSL modem. This modem must be a separate physical box (not a card) and must provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card (NIC) in a computer. Your router does not support a USB-connected broadband modem.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • An IP address and subnet mask • A gateway IP address, which is the address of the ISP’s router • One or more domain name server (DNS) IP addresses • Host name and domain suffix For example, your account’s full server names may look like this: mail.xxx.yyy.com In this example, the domain suffix is xxx.yyy.com. If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP, your router automatically acquires them.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways, write down the address. This is the ISP’s gateway address. Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address. 6. Select the DNS Configuration tab. If any DNS server addresses are shown, write down the addresses. If any information appears in the Host or Domain information box, write it down. Click Disable DNS. 7.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Restarting the Network Once you’ve set up your computers to work with the router, you must reset the network for the devices to be able to communicate correctly. Restart any computer that is connected to the firewall. After configuring all of your computers for TCP/IP networking and restarting them, and connecting them to the local network of your WGR101 wireless travel router, you are ready to access and configure the router.
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Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics Wireless Networking Overview The WGR101 wireless travel router conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11g standard for wireless LANs (WLANs). On an 802.11 wireless link, data is encoded using direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.5GHz. The maximum data rate for the 802.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Ad Hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup) In an ad hoc network, computers are brought together as needed; thus, there is no structure or fixed points to the network - each node can generally communicate with any other node. There is no access point involved in this configuration.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 The radio frequency channels used are listed in Table D-1: Table D-1. 802.11b Radio Frequency Channels Channel Center Frequency Frequency Spread 1 2412 MHz 2399.5 MHz - 2424.5 MHz 2 2417 MHz 2404.5 MHz - 2429.5 MHz 3 2422 MHz 2409.5 MHz - 2434.5 MHz 4 2427 MHz 2414.5 MHz - 2439.5 MHz 5 2432 MHz 2419.5 MHz - 2444.5 MHz 6 2437 MHz 2424.5 MHz - 2449.5 MHz 7 2442 MHz 2429.5 MHz - 2454.5 MHz 8 2447 MHz 2434.5 MHz - 2459.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 WEP Wireless Security The absence of a physical connection between nodes makes the wireless links vulnerable to eavesdropping and information theft. To provide a certain level of security, the IEEE 802.11 standard has defined two types of authentication methods, Open System and Shared Key. With Open System authentication, a wireless computer can join any network and receive any messages that are not encrypted.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 • Shared Key Authentication requires that the station and the access point have the same WEP Key to authenticate. These two authentication procedures are described below. WEP Open System Authentication This process is illustrated in below.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 WEP Shared Key Authentication This process is illustrated in below.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 Key Size and Configuration The IEEE 802.11 standard supports two types of WEP encryption: 40-bit and 128-bit. The 64-bit WEP data encryption method, allows for a five-character (40-bit) input. Additionally, 24 factory-set bits are added to the forty-bit input to generate a 64-bit encryption key. (The 24 factory-set bits are not user-configurable).
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 How to Use WEP Parameters Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data encryption is used when the wireless devices are configured to operate in Shared Key authentication mode. There are two shared key methods implemented in most commercially available products, 64-bit and 128-bit WEP data encryption. Before enabling WEP on an 802.11 network, you must first consider what type of encryption you require and the key size you want to use.
Glossary Use the list below to find definitions for technical terms used in this manual. List of Glossary Terms 10BASE-T IEEE 802.3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring. 100BASE-Tx IEEE 802.3 specification for 100 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring. 802.1x 802.1x defines port-based, network access control used to provide authenticated network access and automated data encryption key management. The IEEE 802.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 ADSL requires a special ADSL modem. ADSL is growing in popularity as more areas around the world gain access. AES Advanced Encryption Standard, a symmetric 128-bit block data encryption technique. It is an iterated block cipher with a variable block length and a variable key length. The block length and the key length can be independently specified to 128, 192 or 256 bits.The U.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 The DMZ sits between the Internet and an internal network's line of defense, usually some combination of firewalls and bastion hosts. Typically, the DMZ contains devices accessible to Internet traffic, such as web (HTTP) servers, FTP servers, SMTP (e-mail) servers and DNS servers. DNS Short for Domain Name System (or Service), an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 transmits that identity to an authentication server such as RADIUS. The server asks the AP for proof of identity, which the AP gets from the user and then sends back to the server to complete the authentication. EAP is defined by RFC 2284. ESP Encapsulating Security Payload. ESSID The Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID) is a thirty-two character (maximum) alphanumeric key identifying the wireless local area network.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 LDAP A set of protocols for accessing information directories. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP. A set of protocols for accessing information directories. LDAP is based on the standards contained within the X.500 standard, but is significantly simpler. And unlike X.500, LDAP supports TCP/IP, which is necessary for any type of Internet access. Because it's a simpler version of X.500, LDAP is sometimes called X.500-lite.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 MTU The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received. NAT A technique by which several hosts share a single IP address for access to the Internet. NetBIOS The Network Basic Input Output System is an application programming interface (API) for sharing services and information on local-area networks (LANs). Provides for communication between stations of a network where each station is given a name.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 PPPoE PPPoE. PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always-on connection by simulating a dial-up connection. PPP over ATM PPPoA. PPP over ATM is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always-on connection by simulating a dial-up connection. PPP over Ethernet PPPoE.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 router A device that forwards data between networks. An IP router forwards data based on IP source and destination addresses. SSID A Service Set Identification is a thirty-two character (maximum) alphanumeric key identifying a wireless local area network. For the wireless devices in a network to communicate with each other, all devices must be configured with the same SSID. This is typically the configuration parameter for a wireless PC card.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 The TLS protocol is made up of two layers. The TLS Record Protocol ensures that a connection is private by using symmetric data encryption and ensures that the connection is reliable. The second TLS layer is the TLS Handshake Protocol, which allows authentication between the server and client and the negotiation of an encryption algorithm and cryptographic keys before data is transmitted or received. Based on Netscape’s SSL 3.
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Travel Router WGR101 If a remote network contains a WINS server, your Windows PCs can gather information from that WINS server about its local hosts. This allows your PCs to browse that remote network using the Windows Network Neighborhood feature. WINS WINS. Windows Internet Naming Service is a server process for resolving Windows-based computer names to IP addresses.
Index Numerics 802.
I N IANA contacting B-2 NAT C-18 IETF B-1 Web site address B-7 netmask translation table B-6 infrastructure mode D-2 Network Address Translation 2-3, B-7, C-18 NAT.
finding B-7 Wired Equivalent Privacy.
