54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual NETGEAR, Inc.
© 2006 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. April 2006. Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 gemäß der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung.
Product and Publication Details Model Number: WGR614v7 Publication Date: April 2006 Product Family: router Product Name: 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Home or Business Product: Home Language: English Publication Part Number: iv April 2006
Contents Chapter 1 About This Manual Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats ................................................................1-1 How to Use This Manual ................................................................................................1-2 How to Print this Manual .................................................................................................1-3 Chapter 2 Introduction Key Features ...............................................................................
Chapter 4 Content Filtering Content Filtering Overview .............................................................................................4-1 Blocking Access to Internet Sites ...................................................................................4-2 Blocking Access to Internet Services .............................................................................4-3 Configuring a User Defined Service .........................................................................
Using the Router as a DHCP server ...................................................................... 6-11 Using Address Reservation ....................................................................................6-12 Using a Dynamic DNS Service .....................................................................................6-13 Configuring Static Routes .............................................................................................6-14 Enabling Remote Management Access ...........
IP Configuration by DHCP ........................................................................................... B-10 Internet Security and Firewalls .................................................................................... B-10 What is a Firewall? ................................................................................................ B-10 Stateful Packet Inspection ...............................................................................B-11 Denial of Service Attack ..........
Are Login Protocols Used? ................................................................................... C-20 What Is Your Configuration Information? .............................................................. C-20 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers ....................... C-21 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers ..................... C-22 Restarting the Network ....................................................................................
x Contents April 2006
Chapter 1 About This Manual This chapter describes the intended audience, scope, conventions, and formats of this manual. Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet skills. However, basic computer network, Internet, firewall, and VPN technologies tutorial information is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear website. This guide uses the following typographical conventions: Table 1-1.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual How to Use This Manual The HTML version of this manual includes the following: • Buttons, at a time and , for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page • A button that displays the table of contents and an button. Double-click on a link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the manual. • A product model. • Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual How to Print this Manual To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options, according to your needs. • Printing a Page in the HTML View. Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to a major topic. Use the Print button on the browser toolbar to print the page contents. • Printing a Chapter. Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual 1-4 About This Manual April 2006
Chapter 2 Introduction Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR® 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7. The wireless router provides connection for multiple computers to the Internet through an external broadband access device (such as a cable modem or DSL modem) that is normally intended for use by a single computer. This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • Flash memory for firmware upgrades. 802.11g Wireless Networking The wireless router includes an 802.11g wireless access point, providing continuous, high-speed 54 Mbps access between your wireless and Ethernet devices. The access point provides: • 802.11g wireless networking at up to 54 Mbps. • 802.11g wireless networking, with the ability to operate in 802.11g-only, 802.11b-only, or 802.11g and b modes, providing backwards compatibility with 802.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • The WGR614v7 prevents objectionable content from reaching your computers. The router allows you to control access to Internet content by screening for keywords within Web addresses. You can configure the router to log and report attempts to access objectionable Internet sites. Security The wireless router is equipped with several features designed to maintain security, as described in this section.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • IP Address Sharing by NAT The wireless router allows several networked computers to share an Internet account using only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider (ISP). This technique, known as NAT, allows the use of an inexpensive single-user ISP account.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • Visual monitoring The wireless router’s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and activity. Maintenance and Support NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the wireless router: • Flash memory for firmware upgrades. • Free technical support seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day, for 90 days from the date of purchase.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual The Router’s Front Panel The front panel of the wireless router contains the status lights described below. 4EST 0OWER 7IRELESS )NTERNET 0ORT ,!. 0ORT Figure 2-1: WGR614v7 Front Panel You can use the status lights to verify connections. Viewed from left to right, the table below describes the lights on the front panel of the router. Table 2-1.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual The Router’s Rear Panel The rear panel of the WGR614v7 router contains the items listed below.
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Chapter 3 Configuring the Internet and Wireless Settings This chapter describes how to use the Smart Wizard Installation Assistant on the Resource CD to configure your wireless router’s Internet connection and wireless parameters. Once you are connected to the Internet and your wireless connections are working, you can also configure the router’s content filtering parameters if you need to change the default settings. See Chapter 4, “Content Filtering.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Logging Into Your Router To log into your router after you have configured your router, do the following: 1. Type http://www.routerlogin.net in the address field of Internet Explorer or Netscape® Navigator. Figure 3-1: Log in to the router 2.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual 3.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Changing Your Configuration You can change your Internet and wireless settings after they have been configured by the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant. Internet Settings To change the Internet settings, click Basic Settings on the left menu bar.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Click an item in the leftmost column. The current settings or information for that area appear in the center column. Helpful information related to the selected Settings page appears in this column. If you are using Internet Explorer, you may click an item in the center column to jump directly to the related help section; otherwise, scroll down until you reach it. For the most current documentation, go to: http://kbserver.netgear.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual If you have a fixed (static, permanent) IP address, your ISP will have provided you with an IP address. Select Use static IP address and type in the IP Address. • Account Name (also known as Host Name or System Name): For most users, type your account name or user name in this box. For example, if your main mail account is JerAB@ISP.com, then put JerAB in this box. If your ISP has given you a specific Host name, then type it (for example, CCA7324-A).
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Usually, select Use Default MAC Address. If your ISP requires MAC authentication, then select either Use Computer MAC address to disguise the Router's MAC address with the Computer's own MAC address or Use This MAC Address to manually type the MAC address for a different computer. The format for the MAC address is XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Wireless Settings To change the Internet settings, click Wireless Settings on the left menu bar. One of the following screens appears: Wireless Settings: No security Wireless Settings: WEP security Wireless Settings: WPA-PSK security Figure 3-5: Wireless Settings screens NOTE: To ensure proper agency compliance and compatibility between similar products in your area; the operating channel & region must be set correctly.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Note: Failure to follow these guidelines can result in significant performance degradation or inability to wirelessly connect to the router. • Name (SSID): Enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. The same Name (SSID) must be assigned to all wireless devices in your network. The default SSID is NETGEAR, but NETGEAR strongly recommends that you change your network's Name (SSID) to a different value. This value is also case-sensitive.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual – • Automatic Key Generation (Passphrase): Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box and click the Generate button to automatically configure the WEP Key(s). If encryption strength is set to 64 bit, then each of the four key boxes will automatically be populated with key values. If encryption strength is set to 128 bit, then only the selected WEP key box will automatically be populated with key values.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual How to Bypass the Configuration Assistant 1. When the wireless router is in the factory default state, type http://www.routerlogin.net/basicsetting.htm in the address field of your browser, then click Enter. When the wireless router is in the factory default state, a user name and password are not required. 2. The browser will then display the WGR614v7 settings home page shown in Figure 3-3.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual 3-12 Configuring the Internet and Wireless Settings April 2006
Chapter 4 Content Filtering This chapter describes how to use the content filtering features of the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 to protect your network. These features can be found by clicking on the Content Filtering heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface. Content Filtering Overview The 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 provides you with Web content filtering options, plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts via e-mail.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Blocking Access to Internet Sites The wireless router allows you to restrict access based on Web addresses and Web address keywords. Up to 255 entries are supported in the Keyword list. The Block Sites menu is shown in Figure 4-1 below: Figure 4-1: Block Sites menu To enable keyword blocking, select either “Per Schedule” or “Always”, then click Apply. If you want to block by schedule, be sure that a time period is specified in the Schedule menu.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • If the keyword “.com” is specified, only Web sites with other domain suffixes (such as .edu or .gov) can be viewed. • If you wish to block all Internet browsing access during a scheduled period, enter the keyword “.” and set the schedule in the Schedule menu. To specify a Trusted User, enter that PC’s IP address in the Trusted User box and click Apply. You may specify one Trusted User, which is a PC that will be exempt from blocking and logging.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual To specify a service for blocking, click Add. The Add Services menu will appear, as shown below: Figure 4-3: Add Services menu From the Service Type list, select the application or service to be allowed or blocked. The list already displays several common services, but you are not limited to these choices. To add any additional services or applications that do not already appear, select User Defined.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Configuring Services Blocking by IP Address Range Under “Filter Services For”, you can block the specified service for a single computer, a range of computers (having consecutive IP addresses), or all computers on your network. Scheduling When Blocking Will Be Enforced The wireless router allows you to specify when blocking will be enforced. The Schedule menu is shown below: Figure 4-4: Schedule menu • Use this schedule for blocking content.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access The log is a detailed record of what Web sites you have accessed or attempted to access. Up to 128 entries are stored in the log. Log entries will only appear when keyword blocking is enabled, and no log entries will be made for the Trusted User. An example is shown below: Figure 4-5: Logs menu Log entries are described in Table 4-1 Table 4-1.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Log action buttons are described in Table 4-2 Table 4-2. Log action buttons Field Description Refresh Click this button to refresh the log screen. Clear Log Click this button to clear the log entries. Send Log Click this button to E-mail the log immediately.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • Turn e-mail notification on Check this box if you wish to receive e-mail logs and alerts from the router. • Your outgoing mail server Enter the name of your ISP’s outgoing (SMTP) mail server (such as mail.myISP.com). You may be able to find this information in the configuration menu of your e-mail program. If you leave this box blank, log and alert messages will not be sent via e-mail.
Chapter 5 Maintenance This chapter describes how to use the maintenance features of your 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7. These features can be found by clicking on the Maintenance heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface. Viewing Wireless Router Status Information The Router Status menu provides status and usage information. From the Main Menu of the browser interface, click on Maintenance, then select Router Status to view the System Status screen, shown below.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual This screen shows the following parameters: Table 5-1. Wireless Router Status Fields Field Description Account Name This field displays the Host Name assigned to the router. Firmware Version This field displays the router firmware version. Internet Port These parameters apply to the Internet (WAN) port of the router. MAC Address This field displays the Media Access Control address being used by the Internet (WAN) port of the router.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Table 5-1. Wireless Router Status Fields (continued) Field Description Wireless Port These parameters apply to the Wireless port of the router. MAC Address This field displays the Media Access Control address being used by the Wireless port of the router. Name (SSID) This field displays the wireless network name (SSID) being used by the wireless port of the router. The default is NETGEAR.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Table 5-2: Connection Status Items (continued) Item Description Default Gateway The WAN (Internet) default gateway the router communicates with. DHCP Server The IP address of the DHCP server which provided the IP configuration addresses. DNS Server The IP address of the DNS server which provides network name to IP address translation. Lease Obtained When the DHCP lease was obtained. Lease Expires When the DHCP lease was expires.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Table 5-3: Item Router Statistics Items (continued) Description Rx B/s The current reception (inbound) bandwidth used on the WAN and LAN ports. Up Time The amount of time since the router was last restarted. Up Time The time elapsed since this port acquired the link. Poll Interval Specifies the intervals at which the statistics are updated in this window. Click on Stop to freeze the display.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select the Settings Backup heading to bring up the menu shown below. Figure 5-5: Settings Backup menu Three options are available, and are described in the following sections. Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration The Restore and Backup options in the Settings Backup menu allow you to save and retrieve a file containing your router’s configuration settings.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Erasing the Configuration It is sometimes desirable to restore the router to original default settings. This can be done by using the Erase function, which will restore all factory settings. After an erase, the router's password will be password, the LAN IP address will be 192.168.1.1, and the router's DHCP client will be enabled. To erase the configuration, click the Erase button.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Figure 5-6: Router Upgrade menu To upload new firmware: 1. Download and unzip (if the downloaded file is a .zip file) the new software file from NETGEAR. In the Router Upgrade menu, click the Browse button and browse to the location of the upgrade file 3. Click Upload. Note: When uploading software to the wireless router, it is important not to interrupt the Web browser by closing the window, clicking a link, or loading a new page.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select Set Password to bring up the menu shown below. Figure 5-7: Set Password menu To change the password, first enter the old password, then enter the new password twice. Click Apply.
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Chapter 6 Advanced Configuration of the Router This chapter describes how to configure the advanced features of your 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7. These features can be found under the Advanced heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface. . Note: If you are unfamiliar with networking and routing, refer to Appendix B, “Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics,” to become more familiar with the terms and procedures used in this chapter.
Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual port triggering will only allow request from Internet after a designated port is 'triggered'. Port triggering applies to chat and Internet games. Figure 6-1: Port Triggering Menu Note: If Disable Port Triggering box is checked after configuring port triggering, port triggering will be disabled but any port triggering configuration information you added to the router will be retained even though it will not be used.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Follow these steps to set up a computer to play Internet games or use Internet applications: 1. Click Add. Figure 6-2: Add Port Trigger Menu 2. Enter a service name in the Service Name box. 3. Under Service User, selecting Any (default) will allow this service to be used by everyone in your network. Otherwise, select Single address and enter the IP address of one computer to restrict the service to a particular computer. 4. Select the Service Type.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual interface, under Advanced, click on Port Forwarding to view the port forwarding menu, shown below. Figure 6-3: Port Forwarding Menu Use the Port Forwarding menu to configure the router to forward incoming protocols to computers on your local network. In addition to servers for specific applications, you can also specify a Default DMZ Server to which all other incoming protocols are forwarded.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Adding a Custom Service To define a service, game or application that does not appear in the Services & Games list, you must determine what port numbers are used by the service. For this information, you may need to contact the manufacturer of the program that you wish to use. When you have the port number information, follow these steps: 1. Click the Add Custom Service button. Figure 6-4: Ports - Custom Services Menu 2.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Local Web and FTP Server Example If a local computer with a private IP address of 192.168.1.33 acts as a Web and FTP server, configure the Ports menu to forward HTTP (port 80) and FTP (port 21) to local address 192.168.1.33 In order for a remote user to access this server from the Internet, the remote user must know the IP address that has been assigned by your ISP. If this address is 172.16.1.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Some online games and videoconferencing applications are incompatible with NAT. The wireless router is programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them, but there are other applications that may not function well. In some cases, one local computer can run the application properly if that computer’s IP address is entered as the default in the PORTS Menu.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Disabling the SPI Firewall The SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection) Firewall protects your LAN against Denial of Service attacks. This should only be disabled in special circumstances. Setting Up a Default DMZ Server The default DMZ server feature is helpful when using some online games and videoconferencing applications that are incompatible with NAT.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Setting the MTU Size The normal MTU (Maximum Transmit Unit) value for most Ethernet networks is 1500 Bytes, 1492 Bytes for PPPoE connections, or 1436 for PPTP connections. For some ISPs you may need to reduce the MTU. But this is rarely required, and should not be done unless you are sure it is necessary for your ISP connection.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters The router is shipped preconfigured to use private IP addresses on the LAN side, and to act.as a DHCP server. The router’s default LAN IP configuration is: • • LAN IP addresses—192.168.1.1 Subnet mask—255.255.255.0 These addresses are part of the IETF-designated private address range for use in private networks, and should be suitable in most applications.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Note: If you change the LAN IP address of the router while connected through the browser, you will be disconnected. You must then open a new connection to the new IP address and log in again. Using the Router as a DHCP server By default, the router will function as a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server, allowing it to assign IP, DNS server, and default gateway addresses to all computers connected to the router's LAN.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Using Address Reservation When you specify a reserved IP address for a computer on the LAN, that computer will always receive the same IP address each time it access the router’s DHCP server. Reserved IP addresses should be assigned to servers that require permanent IP settings. To reserve an IP address: 1. Click the Add button. Figure 6-7: Address Reservation menu 2. In the IP Address box, type the IP address to assign to the computer or server.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Using a Dynamic DNS Service If your network has a permanently assigned IP address, you can register a domain name and have that name linked with your IP address by public Domain Name Servers (DNS). However, if your Internet account uses a dynamically assigned IP address, you will not know in advance what your IP address will be, and the address can change frequently.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual 2. Select the Use a dynamic DNS service check box. 3. Select the name of your dynamic DNS Service Provider. 4. Type the Host Name (or domain name) that your dynamic DNS service provider gave you. 5. Type the User Name for your dynamic DNS account. 6. Type the Password (or key) for your dynamic DNS account. 7.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual To add or edit a Static Route: 1. Click the Add button to open the Add/Edit Menu, shown below. Figure 6-10. Static Route Entry and Edit Menu 2. Type a route name for this static route in the Route Name box under the table. (This is for identification purposes only.) 3. Select Private if you want to limit access to the LAN only. The static route will not be reported in RIP. 4. Select Active to make this route effective. 5.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual When you first configured your router, two implicit static routes were created. A default route was created with your ISP as the gateway, and a second static route was created to your local network for all 192.168.1.x addresses. With this configuration, if you attempt to access a device on the 134.177.0.0 network, your router will forward your request to the ISP.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Figure 6-11: Remote Management menu To configure your router for Remote Management: 1. Select the Turn Remote Management On check box. 2. Specify what external addresses will be allowed to access the router’s remote management. Note: For enhanced security, restrict access to as few external IP addresses as practical. 3. a. To allow access from any IP address on the Internet, select Everyone. b.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Note: When accessing your router from the Internet, you will type your router's WAN IP address into your browser's Address (in IE) or Location (in Netscape) box, followed by a colon (:) and the custom port number. For example, if your external address is 134.177.0.123 and you use port number 8080, you must enter http://134.177.0.123:8080 in your browser.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Note: If you use applications such as multi-player gaming, peer-to-peer connections, real time communications such as instant messaging, or remote assistance (a feature in Windows XP), you should enable UPnP. Advertisement Period: The Advertisement Period is how often the router will broadcast its UPnP information. This value can range from 1 to 1440 minutes. The default period is 30 minutes.
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Chapter 7 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7. After each problem description, instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem. Basic Functioning After you turn on power to the router, the following sequence of events should occur: 1. When power is first applied, verify that the Power light 2. After approximately 10 seconds, verify that: is on. a. The power light is solid green. b.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Lights Never Turn Off When the router is turned on, the lights turns on for about 10 seconds and then turn off. If all the lights stay on, there is a fault within the router. If all lights are still on one minute after power up: • Cycle the power to see if the router recovers. • Clear the router’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the router’s IP address to 192.168.1.1.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface If you are unable to access the router’s Web Configuration interface from a computer on your local network, check the following: • Check the Ethernet connection between the computer and the router as described in the previous section. • Make sure your computer’s IP address is on the same subnet as the router.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Troubleshooting the ISP Connection If your router is unable to access the Internet, you should first determine whether the router is able to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP. Unless you have been assigned a static IP address, your router must request an IP address from the ISP. You can determine whether the request was successful using the Web Configuration Manager. To check the WAN IP address: 1.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Inform your ISP that you have bought a new network device, and ask them to use the router’s MAC address. OR Configure your router to spoof your computer’s MAC address. This can be done in the Basic Settings menu. If your router can obtain an IP address, but your computer is unable to load any Web pages from the Internet: • Your computer may not recognize any DNS server addresses.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual 3. Click on OK. You should see a message like this one: Pinging with 32 bytes of data If the path is working, you see this message: Reply from < IP address >: bytes=32 time=NN ms TTL=xxx If the path is not working, you see this message: Request timed out If the path is not functioning correctly, you could have one of the following problems: • Wrong physical connections — Make sure the LAN port LED is on.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual — Check to see that the network address of your computer (the portion of the IP address specified by the netmask) is different from the network address of the remote device. — Check that your cable or DSL modem is connected and functioning. — If your ISP assigned a host name to your computer, enter that host name as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu. — Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your computers.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • Date shown is January 1, 2000. Cause: The router has not yet successfully reached a Network Time Server. Check that your Internet access settings are configured correctly. If you have just completed configuring the router, wait at least five minutes and check the date and time again. • Time is off by one hour. Cause: The router does not automatically sense Daylight Savings Time.
Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Wireless Radio Data Rates 1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps Auto Rate Sensing Frequency 2.4-2.5Ghz Data Encoding: 802.11b: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 802.11g: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Maximum Computers Per Wireless Network: Limited by the amount of wireless network traffic generated by each node. Typically 30-70 nodes. Operating Frequency Ranges: 2.412~2.462 GHz (US) 2.457~2.462 GHz (Spain) 2.
Appendix B Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks, routing, and networking. Related Publications As you read this document, you may be directed to various RFC documents for further information. An RFC is a Request For Comment (RFC) published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). Using RIP, routers periodically update one another and check for changes to add to the routing table. The wireless router supports both the older RIP-1 and the newer RIP-2 protocols. Among other improvements, RIP-2 supports subnet and multicast protocols. RIP is not required for most home applications.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Class A Network Node Class B Network Node Class C Network Node 7261 Figure B-1: Three Main Address Classes The five address classes are: • Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16,777,214 hosts on a single network. They use an eight-bit network number and a 24-bit node number. Class A addresses are in this range: 1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x. • Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65,354 hosts on a network.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network. For each unique value of the network portion of the address, the base address of the range (host address of all zeros) is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead. A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64,000 nodes. Most organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that can be reassigned. Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free, as shown below.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted-decimal notation. To use the table, write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted-decimal value of the additional subnet bits. For example, to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 into 16 subnets (4 bits), the new subnet mask becomes 255.255.255.240. Table 7-1.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors, it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address. In order for this scheme to work, all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation. Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3 192.168.0.1 172.21.15.105 Internet 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.5 7786EA Figure B-3: Single IP Address Operation Using NAT This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall-like protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded, ARP is used. An ARP request is broadcast onto the network. All stations on the network receive and read the request. The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request. All other stations discard the request.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP-based local area network is installed, each computer must be configured with an IP address. If the computers need to access the Internet, they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses. As an alternative to manual configuration, there is a method by which each computer on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Stateful Packet Inspection Unlike simple Internet sharing routers, a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to ensure secure firewall filtering to protect your network from attacks and intrusions. Since user-level applications such as FTP and Web browsers can create complex patterns of network traffic, it is necessary for the firewall to analyze groups of network connection states.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Table B-1. UTP Ethernet cable wiring, straight-through (continued) Pin Wire color 7 Brown/White 8 Brown Signal Category 5 Cable Quality Category 5 distributed cable that meets ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-A building wiring standards can be a maximum of 328 feet (ft.) or 100 meters (m) in length, divided as follows: 20 ft. (6 m) between the hub and the patch panel (if used) 295 ft. (90 m) from the wiring closet to the wall outlet 10 ft.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Figure B-4: Straight-Through Twisted-Pair Cable Figure B-5 illustrates crossover twisted pair cable.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Figure B-6: Category 5 UTP Cable with Male RJ-45 Plug at Each End Note: Flat “silver satin” telephone cable may have the same RJ-45 plug. However, using telephone cable results in excessive collisions, causing the attached port to be partitioned or disconnected from the network.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual The wireless router incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology (also called MDI/MDIX). Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection (e.g. connecting to a computer) or an uplink connection (e.g. connecting to a router, switch, or hub). That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual B-16 Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics April 2006
Appendix C Preparing Your Network This appendix describes how to prepare your network to connect to the Internet through the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 and how to verify the readiness of broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider (ISP).
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual For the initial setup of your router, you will need to connect a computer to the router. This computer has to be set to automatically get its TCP/IP configuration from the router via DHCP. Note: For help with DHCP configuration, please use the Windows TCP/IP Configuration Tutorials on the Resource CD, or in this appendix.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Record Your Internet Connection Information Print this page. Fill in the configuration parameters from your Internet Service Provider (ISP). ISP Login Name: The login name and password are case sensitive and must be entered exactly as given by your ISP. Some ISPs use your full e-mail address as the login name. The Service Name is not required by all ISPs.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • Windows 3.1 does not include a TCP/IP component. You need to purchase a third-party TCP/ IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon. • Macintosh Operating System 7 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP/IP network. • All versions of UNIX or Linux include TCP/IP components. Follow the instructions provided with your operating system or networking software to install TCP/IP on your computer.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual You must have an Ethernet adapter, the TCP/IP protocol, and Client for Microsoft Networks. Note: It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter, TCP/IP, or Client for Microsoft Networks. If you need to install a new adapter, follow these steps: a. Click the Add button. b. Select Adapter, and then click Add. c.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual If you need Client for Microsoft Networks: 3. a. Click the Add button. b. Select Client, and then click Add. c. Select Microsoft. d. Select Client for Microsoft Networks, and then click OK. Restart your PC for the changes to take effect.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Verify the following settings as shown: • Client for Microsoft Network exists • Ethernet adapter is present • TCP/IP is present • Primary Network Logon is set to Windows logon Click on the Properties button. The following TCP/IP Properties window will display.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • By default, the IP Address tab is open on this window. • Verify the following: Obtain an IP address automatically is selected. If not selected, click in the radio button to the left of it to select it. This setting is required to enable the DHCP server to automatically assign an IP address. • Click OK to continue. Restart the PC. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network. Selecting Windows’ Internet Access Method 1.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual 2. Type winipcfg, and then click OK. The IP Configuration window opens, which lists (among other things), your IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. 3. From the drop-down box, select your Ethernet adapter. The window is updated to show your settings, which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP/IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway: • The IP address is between 192.168.1.2 and 192.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP, 2000, or NT4 You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP/IP. The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows. DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP Locate your Network Neighborhood icon. • Select Control Panel from the Windows XP new Start Menu.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • Now you should be at the Local Area Network Connection Status window. This box displays the connection status, duration, speed, and activity statistics. • Administrator logon access rights are needed to use this window. • Click the Properties button to view details about the connection. • The TCP/IP details are presented on the Support tab page. • Select Internet Protocol, and click Properties to view the configuration information.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • Verify that the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button is selected. • Verify that Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button is selected. • Click the OK button. This completes the DHCP configuration of TCP/ IP in Windows XP. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • Click on the My Network Places icon on the Windows desktop. This will bring up a window called Network and Dial-up Connections. • Right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties. • The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box appears. • Verify that you have the correct Ethernet card selected in the Connect using: box.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • With Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) selected, click on Properties to open the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialogue box. • Verify that • Obtain an IP address automatically is selected. • Obtain DNS server address automatically is selected. • Click OK to return to Local Area Connection Properties. • Click OK again to complete the configuration process for Windows 2000. Restart the PC.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4 Once you have installed the network card, you need to configure the TCP/IP environment for Windows NT 4.0. Follow this procedure to configure TCP/IP with DHCP in Windows NT 4.0. • Choose Settings from the Start Menu, and then select Control Panel. This will display Control Panel window. • Double-click the Network icon in the Control Panel window. The Network panel will display.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • Highlight the TCP/IP Protocol in the Network Protocols box, and click on the Properties button.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • The TCP/IP Properties dialog box now displays. • Click the IP Address tab. • Select the radio button marked Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server. • Click OK. This completes the configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT. Restart the PC. Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network. Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP, 2000, and NT4 To check your PC’s TCP/IP configuration: 1.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • 4. The default gateway is 192.168.1.1 Type exit Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7, TCP/IP is already installed on the Macintosh. On each networked Macintosh, you will need to configure TCP/IP to use DHCP. MacOS 8.6 or 9.x 1. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP. The TCP/IP Control Panel opens: 2. From the “Connect via” box, select your Macintosh’s Ethernet interface. 3.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual 2. If not already selected, select Built-in Ethernet in the Configure list. 3. If not already selected, Select Using DHCP in the TCP/IP tab. 4. Click Save. Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted, you can check the TCP/IP configuration by returning to the TCP/IP Control Panel. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account For broadband access to the Internet, you need to contract with an Internet service provider (ISP) for a single-user Internet access account using a cable modem or DSL modem. This modem must be a separate physical box (not a card) and must provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card (NIC) in a computer. Your router does not support a USB-connected broadband modem.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • An IP address and subnet mask • A gateway IP address, which is the address of the ISP’s router • One or more domain name server (DNS) IP addresses • Host name and domain suffix For example, your account’s full server names may look like this: mail.xxx.yyy.com In this example, the domain suffix is xxx.yyy.com. If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP, your router automatically acquires them.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways, write down the address. This is the ISP’s gateway address. Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address. 6. Select the DNS Configuration tab. If any DNS server addresses are shown, write down the addresses. If any information appears in the Host or Domain information box, write it down. Click Disable DNS. 7.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Restarting the Network Once you’ve set up your computers to work with the router, you must reset the network for the devices to be able to communicate correctly. Restart any computer that is connected to the firewall. After configuring all of your computers for TCP/IP networking and restarting them, and connecting them to the local network of your wireless router, you are ready to access and configure the router.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual C-24 Preparing Your Network April 2006
Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics This chapter provides an overview of Wireless networking. Wireless Networking Overview The wireless router conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11b and 802.11g standards for wireless LANs (WLANs). On an 802.11b or g wireless link, data is encoded using direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.5GHz. The maximum data rate for the 802.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Ad Hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup) In an ad hoc network, computers are brought together as needed; thus, there is no structure or fixed points to the network - each node can generally communicate with any other node. There is no Access Point involved in this configuration.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual • Shared Key. With Shared Key authentication, only those PCs that possess the correct authentication key can join the network. By default, IEEE 802.11 wireless devices operate in an Open System network. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data encryption is used when the wireless devices are configured to operate in Shared Key authentication mode. 802.11 Authentication The 802.11 standard defines several services that govern how two 802.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual 2. The access point authenticates the station. 3. The station associates with the access point and joins the network. This process is illustrated below. 802.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual This process is illustrated below. 802.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Key Size The IEEE 802.11 standard supports two types of WEP encryption: 40-bit and 128-bit. The 64-bit WEP data encryption method allows for a five-character (40-bit) input. Additionally, 24 factory-set bits are added to the forty-bit input to generate a 64-bit encryption key. The 24 factory-set bits are not user-configurable). This encryption key will be used to encrypt/decrypt all data transmitted via the wireless interface.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual WEP Configuration Options The WEP settings must match on all 802.11 devices that are within the same wireless network as identified by the SSID. In general, if your mobile clients will roam between access points, then all of the 802.11 access points and all of the 802.11 client adapters on the network must have the same WEP settings. Note: Whatever keys you enter for an AP, you must also enter the same keys for the client adapter in the same order.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Table D-2: Channel 802.11b/g Radio Frequency Channels Center Frequency Frequency Spread 4 2427 MHz 2414.5 MHz - 2439.5 MHz 5 2432 MHz 2419.5 MHz - 2444.5 MHz 6 2437 MHz 2424.5 MHz - 2449.5 MHz 7 2442 MHz 2429.5 MHz - 2454.5 MHz 8 2447 MHz 2434.5 MHz - 2459.5 MHz 9 2452 MHz 2439.5 MHz - 2464.5 MHz 10 2457 MHz 2444.5 MHz - 2469.5 MHz 11 2462 MHz 2449.5 MHz - 2474.5 MHz 12 2467 MHz 2454.5 MHz - 2479.5 MHz 13 2472 MHz 2459.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual WPA and WPA2 offer the following benefits: • • • • Enhanced data privacy Robust key management Data origin authentication Data integrity protection The Wi-Fi Alliance is now performing interoperability certification testing on Wi-Fi Protected Access products. Starting August of 2003, all new Wi-Fi certified products have to support WPA. NETGEAR is implementing WPA and WPA2 on client and access point products. The 802.11i standard was ratified in 2004.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual How Does WPA Compare to WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i)? WPA is forward compatible with the WPA2 security specification. WPA is a subset of WPA2 and used certain pieces of the early 802.11i draft, such as 802.1x and TKIP. The main pieces of WPA2 that are not included in WPA are secure IBSS (Ad-Hoc mode), secure fast handoff (for specialized 802.11 VoIP phones), as well as enhanced encryption protocols, such as AES-CCMP.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual The primary information conveyed in the Beacon frames is the authentication method and the cipher suite. Possible authentication methods include 802.1X and Pre-shared key. Pre-shared key is an authentication method that uses a statically configured pass phrase on both the stations and the access point. This obviates the need for an authentication server, which in many home and small office environments will not be available nor desirable.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual WPA/WPA2 Authentication: Enterprise-level User Authentication via 802.1x/EAP and RADIUS Wireless LAN WPA/WPA2 enabled wireless client with “supplicant” WPA/WPA2 enabled Access Point using pre-shared key or 802.1x Wired Network with Optional 802.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Client with a WPA/ WPA2-enabled wireless adapter and supplicant (Win XP, Funk, Meetinghouse) For example, a WPA/WPA2-enabled AP For example, a RADIUS server 1 2 3 4 6 5 7 Figure 4-4: 802.1x Authentication Sequence The AP sends Beacon Frames with WPA/WPA2 information element to the stations in the service set. Information elements include the required authentication method (802.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual 3. The client sends an EAP-response packet containing the identity to the authentication server. The access point responds by enabling a port for passing only EAP packets from the client to an authentication server located on the wired side of the access point. The access point blocks all other traffic, such as HTTP, DHCP, and POP3 packets, until the access point can verify the client's identity using an authentication server (for example, RADIUS). 4.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) WPA uses TKIP to provide important data encryption enhancements including a per-packet key mixing function, a message integrity check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism. TKIP also provides for the following: • • • The verification of the security configuration after the encryption keys are determined.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Is WPA/WPA2 Perfect? WPA/WPA2 is not without its vulnerabilities. Specifically, it is susceptible to denial of service (DoS) attacks. If the access point receives two data packets that fail the message integrity code (MIC) within 60 seconds of each other, then the network is under an active attack, and as a result, the access point employs counter measures, which include disassociating each station using the access point.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Changes to Wireless Access Points Wireless access points must have their firmware updated to support the following: • • • • • The new WPA/WPA2 information element To advertise their support of WPA/WPA2, wireless APs send the beacon frame with a new 802.11 WPA/WPA2 information element that contains the wireless AP's security configuration (encryption algorithms and wireless security configuration information).
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Microsoft has worked with many wireless vendors to embed the WPA driver update in the wireless adapter driver. So, to update your Microsoft Windows wireless client, all you have to do is obtain the new WPA/WPA2-compatible driver and install the driver.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Glossary Use the list below to find definitions for technical terms used in this manual. 802.11 Standard 802.11, or IEEE 802.11, is a type of radio technology used for wireless local area networks (WLANs). It is a standard that has been developed by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers), http://standards.ieee.org. The IEEE is an international organization that develops standards for hundreds of electronic and electrical technologies.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual 802.11e Standard 802.11e is a proposed IEEE standard to define quality of service (QoS) mechanisms for wireless gear that gives support to bandwidth-sensitive applications such as voice and video. 802.11g Standard Similar to 802.11b, this physical layer standard provides a throughput of up to 54 Mbps. It also operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band but uses a different radio technology in order to boost overall bandwidth. 802.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual A bridge connects devices that all use the same kind of protocol. A router can connect networks that use differing protocols. It also reads the addresses included in the packets and routes them to the appropriate computer station, working with any other routers in the network to choose the best path to send the packets on.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual ISA bus Wi-Fi radios. Client devices usually communicate with hub devices like access points and gateways. Collision avoidance A network node characteristic for proactively detecting that it can transmit a signal without risking a collision, thereby ensuring a more reliable connection. Crossover cable A special cable used for networking two computers without the use of a hub.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual DNS (Domain Name Service) A program that translates URLs to IP addresses by accessing a database maintained on a collection of Internet servers. The program works behind the scenes to facilitate surfing the Web with alpha versus numeric addresses. A DNS server converts a name like mywebsite.com to a series of numbers like 107.22.55.26. Every website has its own specific IP address on the Internet.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Gateway In the wireless world, a gateway is an access point with additional software capabilities such as providing NAT and DHCP. Gateways may also provide VPN support, roaming, firewalls, various levels of security, etc. Hot Spot (also referred to as Public Access Location) A place where you can access Wi-Fi service. This can be for free or for a fee.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual IP (Internet Protocol) address A 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent across the Internet. An IP address has two parts: an identifier of a particular network on the Internet and an identifier of the particular device (which can be a server or a workstation) within that network.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual In a wireless mesh example, each of the spheres below represent a mesh router. Corporate servers and printers may be shared by attaching to each mesh router. For wireless access to the mesh, an access point must be attached to any one of the mesh routers. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) MIMO refers to radio links with multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver side to improve the performance of the wireless link.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual PHY defines parameters such as data rates, modulation method, signaling parameters, transmitter/receiver synchronization, etc. Within an actual radio implementation, the PHY corresponds to the radio front end and baseband signal processing sections. Plug and Play A computer system feature that provides for automatic configuration of add-ons and peripheral devices such as wireless PC Cards, printers, scanners and multimedia devices.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Satellite broadband A wireless high-speed Internet connection provided by satellites. Some satellite broadband connections are two-way—up and down. Others are one-way, with the satellite providing a high-speed downlink and then using a dial-up telephone connection or other land-based system for the uplink to the Internet. Server A computer that provides its resources to other computers and devices on a network.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual For example, when a web page is downloaded from a web server, the TCP program layer in that server divides the file into packets, numbers the packets, and then forwards them individually to the IP program layer. Although each packet has the same destination IP address, it may get routed differently through the network. At the other end, TCP reassembles the individual packets and waits until they have all arrived to forward them as a single file.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual can benefit from the free wireless access. The open connections typically come from the access points of wireless networks located within buildings to serve enterprises. The chalk symbols indicate the type of access point that is available at that specific spot.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) WPA is a security technology for wireless networks that improves on the authentication and encryption features of WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy). In fact, WPA was developed by the networking industry in response to the shortcomings of WEP. One of the key technologies behind WPA is the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP). TKIP addresses the encryption weaknesses of WEP.
54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614v7 Reference Manual Wi-Fi Protected Access for Public Access The intrinsic encryption and authentication schemes defined in Wi-Fi Protected Access may also prove useful for Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISPs) offering Wi-Fi public access in "hot spots" where secure transmission and authentication is particularly important to users unknown to each other.
