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Precision Filing
For filing such as that employed by the
instrument industry, there is a range of
Swiss Pattern files. The delicate precision
work calls for these files to be made to
exacting measurements and finer cuts.
The flat precision file should be used with
a slow smooth stroke, moving the file
laterally along the work on the forward
stroke. In using round or half round
types, the filing should be clockwise to ensure a deeper cut and a
smoother finish.
Saw Filing
Efficient saw filing demands, first of all, a steady hand and a good
file. Also, the file must be correct in design, cut, and size for the
type of saw and the type of teeth to be filed.
The stroke must be absolutely level, as the slightest rocking will
affect the cutting edge of the saw-
tooth. The file must be lifted off the
work when drawing back for the next
stroke.
The teeth have to be set at the
correct angle in relation to each
other. This is best done with a “Saw
Set” usually before filing. However,
some filers prefer to do this after the
saw has been filed. To file saw teeth, provisions must be made
to hold the saw. A saw vise should be used, to be sure there is no
chatter or vibration in the saw. This will shorten the life of the file.
Sharpening Hand Saws
Handsaws of two types, the crosscut and the rip, must be reset,
normally every fourth or fifth filing. Check that teeth are of equal
height. This can be accomplished by passing the file lightly
lengthwise along the tops of the teeth. Some may be flattened,
others are hardly touched. The
flattened teeth will require more filing
to put them in shape.
13
Check that the teeth
are of equal height.
16
Sharpening Crosscut Saws
The crosscut saw has two types
of teeth, cutters and rakers. The
cutters do the cutting, the rakers
clear the cut. This is filed at an
angle of 45° from the filer. This
permits access to cutters and
enables the teeth to be filed at the correct angle.
Teeth should be checked for levelness, the raker teeth being
between 1/100"/0.25mm and 1/64"/0.40mm below level of
cutting teeth. The filer should file all cutter teeth to a point. The
saw is placed vertically and the file used across the rakers.
Should the gullets of the teeth require deepening, a Round file or
a Mill File with round edge can be used.
Sharpening Tools and Implements
There are many tools and
implements in industry, agriculture,
and gardening that require regular
sharpening. Such tools may be filed
towards or away from the edge,
the former for the early part of
the task and the latter for the light
finishing touches. For coarse steel
cutting edges for hoes, ploughs etc.,
home and garden files, as well as
axe and handy files, are available.
For harder carbon steels in cutter
knives, shears etc., the second cut
or Smooth Mill provides a sure, but
smoother bite. It is essential that
the work glaze be removed in the
first few strokes, so apply extra
pressure in very slow, deliberate
strokes at the beginning.
Rasps
Also available are rasp combinations known as four-in-hand
and shoe rasp.
There are 3 types of
classified Rasps:
Wood, Cabinet and Horse
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