CCS Technical Documentation NPD-1 Series Transceivers Troubleshooting — RF Issue 1 11/2002 Confidential Nokia Corporation
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF Page 2 CCS Technical Documentation Nokia Corporation Confidential Issue 1 11/2002
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Contents Page No RF Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................... 5 Tuning Descriptions ....................................................................................................... 8 ST Batman VHFPLL ...................................................................................................8 ST TX Detector Cell .................................................
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation To turn on the AMPS transmitter............................................................................ 46 To turn on the receiver only, in any mode .............................................................. 48 To verify a single, manual tuning............................................................................ 48 To adjust PDM values of AGCs and AFC ..............................................................
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation RF Troubleshooting If TX power is low, turn on transmitter in local mode using Phoenix. Check: • current (0.7 – 1 A for max power, mode and channel dependent.) • perform visual inspection of PWB under microscope to check proper placement, rotation, and soldering of components • Look for presence of TX signal on spectrum analyzer at the correct frequency. If signal is not on frequency, check in 100 MHz span.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation • ensure phone is tuned (read tuning parameters using Batch Tune component in Phoenix, an untuned phone will have all zeros in tuning file), and has passed tuning • ensure call box channel is set for a channel in PRL, and ensure SID is correct • ensure MIN, MDN, and SID are entered into the phone • ensure VCTCXO is centered, as described in VCTCXO tuning description below • ensure transmitter and receiver are working properly by checking them
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Figure 1: Eagle PWB bottom (general placement) Issue 1 11/2002 Nokia Corporation Confidential Page 7
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Figure 2: Eagle PWB top (general placement) Tuning Descriptions NOTE: Pass/Fail limits are not provided in this document as they may be changed. ST Batman VHFPLL This is one of the phone’s self tests, which gives either a “pass” or “fail” result only. The VHFPLL is inside the Batman IC. The phone checks the VHFPLL’s lock detect bit. If this bit indicates that the PLL is unlocked, the test will fail.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation ST TX Detector Cell This is one of the phone’s self tests which gives either a “pass” or “fail” result only. The phone transmits at several power levels and checks the ADC value of the power detector. The ADC value is measured first for a set of AGC values, then each AGC value is changed one at a time to make sure that the ADC changes as each AGC is changed individually.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation in Figure 10. The limit is 1.6v. If the voltages are wrong, check the power detector at R821, R801, R804, L801, C805, R806, R805, C803, V801, C804, R803, and C807, and also Robin. If the voltages are correct and it still fails, check the UEM D200. ST Robin VHFPLL Cell This is one of the phone’s self tests which gives either a “pass” or “fail” result only. The VHFPLL is inside the Robin IC. The phone checks the VHFPLL’s lock detect bit.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation TX_RF_AGC to -512 PA_AGC to -512. (2) TX_IF_AGC to +511 TX_RF_AGC to -512 PA_AGC to +511 (3) TX_IF_AGC to -80 TX_RF_AGC to +511 PA_AGC to +511 Troubleshooting: If there is a failure associated with only some of the cases above, check the AGC voltages and components of the associated PDMs as described in Tables 1 and 5. For problems with the IF or RF AGC, also check Robin and supporting components.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation hot very quickly. Troubleshooting: If the phone was recently transmitting in Cell band at full power for an extended period of time, it is probably hot for that reason. Let it cool down for a few minutes, then try again. If it still fails, there may either be a short on the board or else a problem with the PA Temp circuitry. To check PA Temp circuitry, check R808, C232, R202, and D200. If a short is suspected, check the cell PA first.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation The DC offset is returned for I (or Q). Manual Verification: Use RF Tuning window in Phoenix, set mode to “self tune” and choose this tuning. Troubleshooting: Check Batman (N701) and supporting components. Test TX Start up Current This test turns on the AMPS transmitter (PCS transmitter for PCS-only phones) and measures current of the whole phone, which can detect some assembly errors.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation measured without taking the phone apart. The result is a PDM value for the AFC DAC, which must be within +/- 150, which corresponds to 2.2 v on the VCTCXO control pin (pin 1) and the carrier centered within +/- 100Hz.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation soldering of all G501 terminals; also check R510, R511, C503, and D200. If the control voltage on pin 1 of G501 is not 2.2v, but the carrier is centered, then there is a problem with the VCTCXO G501. If there is 2.7v on pin 4 and the soldering is correct, then replace G501. 5) If the carrier cannot be centered, check to see if you can adjust to 2.2v on pin 1 of G501.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation + 20 kHz, and the minimum carrier level at 836.52 MHz. The result is a delta in dB between the reference at 836.52 MHz + 20 kHz, and the minimum carrier level at 836.52 MHz, found by adjusting the DC offsets for I and Q individually. The delta should be at least 35 dB. Manual Verification: Set up the phone as in the previous test, and record the reference power of the offset tone. Measure the delta between the center and offset tones.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Troubleshooting: Check N601 (Robin), D200 (UEM), and associated components. TN TX IF AGC Cell Po (0) [or (1), (2), (3), or (4)] The IF gain curve is characterized by varying the TX_IF_AGC and measuring the transmit power. This is only done once (in cell CDMA mode) since the same circuitry is used for both cell and pcs. The results are TX power readings in dBm of the transmitted signal corresponding to given PDM settings of the Cell TX IF AGC.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation TN PA Gain Cal Cell Po (0) [or, (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5)] These tunings model the cell PA gain curve by setting the PA AGC PDM to several values and measuring output power. First, the TX PA AGC and the TX RF AGC are set to (approximately) their maximum used values (not the maximum possible values, but the maximum of the range over which they are used).
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation other points prior to the PA listed in the table to see where the gain is lacking. When that point is identified, check the soldering of all related components, and replace components until the fault is found.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation PDM for TX RF AGC Acceptable range for output power (in dBm) -512 decimal check limits in tuning results file -67 decimal -22 decimal +418 +511 Troubleshooting: Check Robin (N801) according to Tables 1, 2, and 3. Also check D400, which generates the PDM signals. Check AGC PDM voltages according to Table 1. Troubleshoot the rest of the cell transmitter, if needed, according to Table 2.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Channel Cell PCS Low 991 25 LowMid 107 200 MidLow 245 400 Mid 384 600 MidHigh 512 800 HighMid 660 1000 High 799 1199 (1199 not a voice channel, but used in tuning Troubleshooting: If –8 dBm cannot be attained, troubleshoot Cell TX as described in the beginning of this chapter. TN G_Offset Cell MD See description of previous tuning. This step reports G_Offset. The result is the value of G_Offset which gives –8.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Power Level 0 in Table 1. TN AMPS PL3 (or 4, 5, 6, or 7) Po This procedure tunes power levels 3 through 7, all on the center channel. Power level 0 was tuned in the previous test. (Power levels 0, 1, and 2 are the same for this phone.) The result is measured transmit power in dBm for power levels 3 through 7 on channel 384. Manual Verification: Use the same procedure as in previous tuning, but on channel 384.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Manual Verification: Use the same method as for the cell band described in the TN TX RF AGC Cell Po (0) section, but set the phone to transmit in PCS on channel 600. Troubleshooting: Check Robin (N801) according to Tables 1, 4, and 5. Also check D400, which generates the PDM signals.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Manual Verification: Same as previous tuning, except choose the CDMA 2000 tuning in the RF Tuning window. Troubleshooting: Same as previous tuning. TS ACPR PCS- Low (High) Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) is a measure of band power in the adjacent channel as compared to the tuned channel, so it is a power delta in dB.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Figure 4: Bad ACPR (analyzer screenshot) Troubleshooting: If one or more of the AGC values needs a value much higher than normal to achieve maximum power, that would indicate that a component in the chain has less gain (or more loss) than it should, and another component that is compensating for that could be saturating.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation TxdB Ctr Value Transmitted power (in dBm) (TxdBCtr for TX limiting) + 350 Check tuning results file for limits (TxdBCtr for TX limiting) - 500 (TxdBCtr for TX limiting) - 1000 (TxdBCtr for TX limiting) - 1500 (TxdBCtr for TX limiting) - 3200 (TxdBCtr for TX limiting) - 4200 Troubleshooting: If transmitted power levels can not be attained, check PCS TX as described at the beginning of this chapter. TS ACPR Cell - Low See description for PCS ACPR.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Trimode PCS only -18 dBm -22 dBm Manual Verification: With the phone in local mode, use the Main Mode window to turn on the AMPS receiver set to channel 384. Using the RF Tuning window, perform the manual tuning three times, each time injecting the CW signal at the amplitudes listed above — one amplitude per tuning. Each time, record RxdBCtr, which is returned by Phoenix during the manual tuning.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Final UI test: Frame Error Rate (FER) This measurement — also made in a phone call — measures the frame errors of the receiver in CDMA mode. A low amplitude signal (typically at receiver sensitivity level of – 104.0 dBm) is injected into the receiver, and the FER is recorded. FER is measured in percentage, and 0.5 % or lower is passing (w/ 95% confidence).
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation nents in the RF section have the same input and output impedance (50 ohms), but where this is not the case, absolute power is noted in the tables in dBm, rather than loss or gain in dB. When testing the CDMA receiver, it is easier to inject a CW tone into the receiver. The gains and losses will be the same for a CW signal as for CDMA.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Table 2: RF/Analog Probing for Cell/AMPS Transmitter Where to start checking if RF power not correct (soldering, shorts, DC power applied if active, correct voltage of DC signals, otherwise replace) Probing Point Probing location on board Robin (N601) out = Balun (T604) in 2a and 2b, Figure 5 easiest to probe on balun output as per Table 1. Nominal loss through balun=1dB, but will appear as 3-4 dB gain due to impedance difference.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Table 2: RF/Analog Probing for Cell/AMPS Transmitter Probing location on board Probing Point UHF LO at 1009.62 MHz for channel 384 10E, Figure 5. Can probe on top of plastic to check for presence of LO, but won’t read accurate power. VHF LO at 346.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Table 3: DC probing for Cell/AMPS transmitter Item to check Setting DC probing location on board DC Voltage Items to check if voltage incorrect PA_BOOST N/A N/A N/A N/A Table 4: RF/Analog Probing for PCS transmitter Probing point Probing location on board Measured power (dBm) using RF probe, or gain/loss (dB) What to check if RF power not correct (soldering, shorts, DC power applied if active, correct voltage of DC signals, otherwise rep
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Table 4: RF/Analog Probing for PCS transmitter Probing point Probing location on board Measured power (dBm) using RF probe, or gain/loss (dB) What to check if RF power not correct (soldering, shorts, DC power applied if active, correct voltage of DC signals, otherwise replace) PCS PA (N802) out = PCS isolator (Z801) in 21, Figure 5. Probing here not recommen-ded unless necessary. Best to measure on RF connector. See Table 1.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Table 5: DC probing for PCS transmitter Item to check Setting DC probing location on board DC voltage Items to check if voltage incorrect TX RF AGC See Table 1 12, Figure 8 See Table 1 D400 (UPP), R433, C426, R434, C427, C429, V420 TX IF AGC See Table 1 13, Figure 8 See Table 1 D400 (UPP), R427, C422, R428, C423, C430, V421 PA AGC See Table 1 14, Figure 8 See Table 1 D400 (UPP), R430, C424, R431, C425, C431, V422 Filter select 1 L
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Use CW signal for AMPS, use CDMA signal for CELL and PCS. Call box can generate both. Table 7: RF probing for Cell CDMA and AMPS front end receiver What to check if RF power not correct (soldering, shorts, DC power applied if active, correct voltage of DC signals, otherwise replace) Probing location on board Probed absolute power (dBm) or gain/ loss (dB) Diplexer (Z805) out= cell duplexer (Z803) in. 8, Figure 7 Loss=0.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Table 8: RF probing for AMPS back end receiver What to check if RF power not correct (soldering, shorts, DC power applied if active, correct voltage of DC signals, otherwise replace) Probing location on board Probed absolute power (dBm) or gain/ loss (dB) Alfred (N750) mixer out= AMPS RX IF saw (Z752) in 36, Figure 6 This point not 50 ohms. Will measure approx -28 dBm for -52 dBm input and RX AGC PDM=225.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Table 9: DC probing for receiver Item to check Setting DC probing location on board DC voltage Items to check if voltage incorrect VREFRF01 fixed 57, Figure 6 1.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Table 10: RF probing for PCS front end receiver Probing point UHF LO at 2088.1 MHz for PCS channel 600 Probing location on board Probed absolute power (dBm) or gain/ loss (dB) 10D, Figure 7.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Table 11: RF probing for Cell CDMA and PCS back end receiver Probing point VHF LO at 256.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation RF Power Supplies Table 12: DC supplies for RF circuitry Supply Voltage Supplied components Probing location VR1A 4.75 VCTCXO, UHF PLL, Charge Pump figure 9 VR1B 4.75 Robin Not accessible VR2 2.78 Robin, Power Detector figure 9 VR3 2.78 Robin, VCTCXO figure 9 VR4 2.78 UHF PLL figure 9 VR5 2.78 Batman figure 9 VR6 2.78 UHF LO Buffer figure 9 VR7 2.78 Batman figure 9 VIO 1.8 Robin, UHF PLL figure 9 VRX 2.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Probing Diagrams 32 7 22 21 30A 30B 6 20 5 18B 18A 49 2A 19B 19A 2B 52 pin1 4 (pin6) 53 3 16A 16B 10E 17 50 D 11A E 11B Figure 5: Probing diagram (TX components) Issue 1 11/2002 Nokia Corporation Confidential Page 41
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation 36 46 37 10B F C 10 A 10C 10A 47 (check both) 39 B 57 40 60 Figure 6: Probing diagram (RX IF components) Page 42 Nokia Corporation Confidential Issue 1 11/2002
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation 42 43 33 54 34 44 55 9 8 23 56 10D 23 Figure 7: Probing diagram (RX LNA components) 13 12 14 Figure 8: Probing diagram (BB area) Issue 1 11/2002 Nokia Corporation Confidential Page 43
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Figure 9: Probing diagram (voltage regulators) Page 44 Nokia Corporation Confidential Issue 1 11/2002
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation 48 Figure 10: Probing diagram (power detector) APPENDIX A: Phoenix Instructions To turn on the PCS or Cell CDMA transmitter Under the "RF" menu, choose "main mode", which opens the dialog box shown below.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation window at the top (which also turns on the receiver), typing the channel in the "channel" field, then clicking the Set button in the upper right hand corner. Next turn on the modulation by opening the “CDMA Control” dialog box under the “DSP” menu. This dialog box is shown below. Highlight "Rho" in the "functions" field, and click "Rho ON" in the "state" field. Choose "Cell" or "PCS" in the "band" field.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Select the desired channel and power level, click “Transmitter ON”, then click Execute. The reason why this is a temporary solution is because in some instances, the AFC and AGC are not disabled, with the results that the signal will not be stable in frequency and will not respond to AGC PDM adjustment. If this is the case, manually disable the AFC and AGC using the “DSP Memory” dialog box shown below.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation To turn on the receiver only, in any mode To turn on the receiver only, use the “Main Mode” dialog box as shown previously, highlight "RX". In the "band" field, choose "Cell CDMA" or "PCS CDMA" To verify a single, manual tuning Open the “RF Tuning” dialog box, shown below.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation To read tuning values from the phone Open the "Batch Tune" dialog box, as shown below. To read the tuning values from the phone, click Read All button under the "phone" heading. However, in order for the tuning values to be displayed, you must first load the template file by clicking Load File button under the “Parameter File” field. Ensure that the template file used is appropriate for the software version in the phone.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation To load a PRL into the phone Use the "PRL" dialog box as shown below. Click the Load PRL From File button, and choose the desired file, which will then appear in the list on the left side of the window. Highlight the desired file in the list so that it is blue, then click the Write PRL To Phone button. At the bottom of the window, a status message will indicate if the file was loaded correctly or not.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation between normal and local modes, use the “Phone Control” dialog box as shown below. This setting will be lost if the phone is powered down. To add a baseband test tone to the AMPS transmitter To add a baseband test tone to the AMPS transmitter, open the “Test Tone” dialog box as shown below and set the parameters as desired.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation APPENDIX B: Definitions ACPR: Adjacent Channel Power Ratio. A ratio of power at an offset frequency as compared to the power at the center frequency. ADC: Analog to Digital Converter AGC: Automatic Gain Control AFC: Automatic Frequency Control CW: Continuous Wave. This is a pure sine wave with no modulation such as CDMA or FM. DAC: Digital to Analog Converter dB: A power ratio. Formula is 10log(power1/power2).
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation APPENDIX C: Block Diagrams Figure 11: Transmitter Block Diagram Figure 12: Receiver Block Diagram Issue 1 11/2002 Nokia Corporation Confidential Page 53
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Figure 13: Synthesizer Block Diagram Page 54 Nokia Corporation Confidential Issue 1 11/2002
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation TX I TX IF CELL 173.6 MHz PCS 208.1 MHz TX VHF LO CELL 346.2 MHz PCS 416.2 MHz 1 0° 2 90° CELL 824.04 - 848.97 MHz 30 kHz Steps PCS 1850.00 - 1909.95 MHz 50 kHz Steps CELL 869.04 - 893.97 MHz 30 kHz Steps PCS 1930.00 - 1989.95 MHz 50 kHz Steps TX Block TX Q UHF LO CELL 997.14 - 1022.07 MHz, 30 kHz Step PCS 2058.10 - 2118.05 MHz, 50 kHz Step RX I RX VHF LO CELL 256.2 MHz PCS 256.2 MHz RX Q 1 0° 2 90° RX Block RX IF CELL 128.
Page 56 Nokia Corporation Confidential 19.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Figure 17: Detailed Batman Block Diagram Issue 1 11/2002 Nokia Corporation Confidential Page 57
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Figure 18: Block Diagram for both Cumulus (Cell PA) and Nimbus (PCS PA) APPENDIX D: Descriptions of selected components, signaling, and architecture Robin (N601) Key Features - Transmitter chip: both Cell & PCS - Supports IS95, IS2000 & AMPS - Input is baseband IQ signal, output is RF signal.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation These lines are Robin outputs. -FilSel1 Fil Sel2 0 1 channels 25-599 1 0 channels 600-1175 - P_DET: Voltage output of power detector, input to Robin. - P_REF: Voltage reference from a diode which is the same type as used in power detector. Used to obtain temperature variations of diode in order to cancel out temperature variations from power detector data. Input to Robin.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation Batman (N701) Signaling - BAND_SEL: 1=PCS, 0=Cell. Batman output that controls external UHF VCO - GAIN_CTL: output that controls Alfred LNA. 1=LNA high gain, 0=LNA low gain - IF_SEL: Output that controls Alfred. 1=AMPS, 0=CDMA - PURX=power up reset. Batman input. VREFRF01: voltage reference input from UEM. Should be 1.35v PA Key Features: Shark (N801, Cell) and Snapper (N802, PCS) - PAs are 50 ohm input/output with internal DC block.
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation APPENDIX E: AGC Algorithms Figure 19: CDMA (Cell and PCS) AGC Algorithm Issue 1 11/2002 Nokia Corporation Confidential Page 61
NPD-1 Troubleshooting — RF CCS Technical Documentation 90 80 AMPS AGC 70 60 GAIN dB IF AGC TOTAL 50 40 30 PA AGC 20 RF AGC 10 7 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 Output Power dBm dBm dBm 8 6 5 12 16 10 4 3 2 AMPS PWR LEVEL LEVELS 24 20 30 Figure 20: AMPS AGC Algorithm Page 62 Nokia Corporation Confidential Issue 1 11/2002
