User Guide
14 NetWare TCP/IP Administration Guide
NetWare TCP/IP Administration Guide
103-000151-001
August 30, 2001
Novell Confidential
Manual 99a38 July 17, 2001
computer are peers. Each layer of the protocol stack on the source computer
communicates with its peer layer on the destination computer. From the
perspective of the software developer or user, the transfer takes place as if the
peer layers sent their packets directly to one another.
Figure 2 TCP/IP Model
An application for transferring files with TCP, for instance, performs the
following operations to send the file contents:
1. The Application layer passes a stream of bytes to the Transport layer on
the source computer.
2. The Transport layer divides the stream into TCP segments, adds a header
with a sequence number for that segment, and passes the segment to the
Internet (IP) layer. A checksum is computed over the TCP header and
data.
Source Host
Destination Host
Application
Transport
Internet
Network
Interface
Network Hardware
Network Frames
IP Datagrams
Datagrams
(UDP) or
Segments (TCP)
Messages or
Streams
Application
Transport
Internet
Network
Interface