I n s t r u c t io n M a n u a l a n d E x p e r i m e n t G u id e 0 1 2 -0 3 0 6 0 D ® Basic Calorimetry Set TD-8557 Al CALORIMETER MAX TEMP: 100°C P/N: 650-02975 Cu Pb
Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Notes on Calorimetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Experiment 1: What is a Calorie? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Experiment 2: Specific Heat . .
Basic Calorimetry Set TD-8557 CALORIMETER MAX TEMP: 100°C 3 P/N: 650-02975 4 5 2 1 6 Included Parts 1. Calorimeters, 6 pieces 2. Water trap with plastic tubing 3. Aluminum sample 4. Copper sample 5. Lead sample 6. Thermometer Introduction Understanding calorimetry is the first step into the field of thermodynamics, the study of the role of heat in physical processes.
B a s ic C a lo r i m e t r y S e t Notes on Calorimetry A calorimeter is a vessel or device that thermally isolates an experiment from its surroundings. Ideally, this means that the results of an experiment performed in a calorimeter are independent of the temperature of the surroundings, because no heat flows into or out of the calorimeter. However, no calorimeter is perfect, and there is always some unwanted and unaccountable heat flow affecting the results of any calorimetric experiment.
B a s ic C a lo r i m e t r y S e t Experiment 1: What is a Calorie? Equipment Needed • Calorimeters, 2 pieces • Thermometer • Balance • Hot and cold water Introduction When two systems or objects of different temperature come into contact, energy in the form of heat is transferred from the warmer system into the cooler. This transfer of heat raises the temperature of the cooler system and lowers the temperature of the warmer system.
B a s ic C a lo r i m e t r y S e t Data Table 1.1: Data Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 M cal M cal + water cold M cal + water hot Tcold T hot T final M final Calculations From your data, make the calculations necessary to determine the mass of the cold and hot water (M water cold and M water hot), and also the temperature changes undergone by each (∆Tcold and ∆T hot). Enter your results in Table 1.2.
B a s ic C a lo r i m e t r y S e t Experiment 2: Specific Heat Equipment Needed • Calorimeter • Thermometer • Samples of aluminum, copper, and lead • Balance • Boiling water • Cool water • Thread • Antifreeze, approximately 100 g Introduction The Specific Heat of a substance, usually indicated by the symbol c, is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by 1° C (or 1 K).
B a s ic C a lo r i m e t r y S e t Part 2: The Specific Heat of Antifreeze Repeat Part 1 of this experiment, but instead of using the metal samples, heat approximately 100 g of antifreeze to approximately 60° C. Measure and record the temperature, then quickly pour the antifreeze into a calorimeter containing cool water and stir until the highest stable temperature is reached (about 1 minute). Record your data and calculations on a separate sheet of paper.
B a s ic C a lo r i m e t r y S e t Part 2 M cal = ____________ M water = ____________ Tcool = ____________ M total = ____________ T final = ____________ Perform calculations similar to those performed in part 1 to determine c antifreeze, the specific heat of antifreeze. c antifreeze = ____________ Questions 1. How do the specific heats of the samples compare with the specific heat of water? 2. Discuss any unwanted heat loss or gain that might have effected your results? 3.
B a s ic C a lo r i m e t r y S e t Experiment 3: Latent Heat of Vaporization Equipment Needed • Calorimeter • Thermometer • Steam Generator • Water Trap • Tubing • Balance If a steam generator is not available, a distillation flask and Bunsen burner is adequate. A second flask can be used as a water trap.
B a s ic C a lo r i m e t r y S e t IMPORTANT: Always remove the steam tube from the water before turning off the steam generator heat. (Can you explain why?) 9. Immediately determine M final, the mass of calorimeter plus water plus (condensed) steam. Data Trm = ____________ M cal = ____________ Tinitial = ____________ Mcal + water = ___________ T final = ____________ M final = ____________ Calculations When steam condenses in cool water, heat energy is released into the water in two ways.
B a s ic C a lo r i m e t r y S e t Experiment 4: Latent Heat of Fusion Equipment Needed • Calorimeter • Thermometer • Ice in water (at melting point) • Warm water Introduction Just as steam has a higher internal energy content than water, so water has a higher internal energy content than ice. It takes a certain amount of energy for the water molecules to break free of the forces that hold them together in the crystalline formation of ice.
B a s ic C a lo r i m e t r y S e t T final = ________________ M final = ________________ Calculations According to the principle of the conservation of energy, the quantity of heat absorbed by the ice as it melts and then heats up to the final equilibrium temperature must equal the quantity of heat released by the warm water as it cools down to the final equilibrium temperature.
B a s ic C a lo r i m e t r y S e t Technical Support For assistance with any PASCO product, contact PASCO at: Address: PASCO scientific 10101 Foothills Blvd. Roseville, CA 95747-7100 Phone: 916-786-3800 (worldwide) 800-772-8700 (U.S.) Fax: (916) 786-7565 Web: www.pasco.com Email: support@pasco.com For more information about the Basic Calorimetry Set and the latest revision of this Instruction Manual, visit: www.pasco.
