Indoor Furnishings User Manual

Current controlled preheating
Depending on the available time for preheating, the ballasts should
give a preheating current within the following limits:
Voltage controlled preheating
Depending on the available time for preheating, the ballasts should
give a preheating voltage within the following limits:
2000-11-07
4.Operation of ‘TL’5 lamps: Recommendations for ballast design
16
4.1 Starting characteristics
4.1.1 Starting conditions
Like all fluorescent lamps,‘TL’5 lamps have electrodes with some
emissive material facilitating ignition,provided it is heated to a suffi-
ciently high temperature.
The best way of starting a ‘TL’5 lamp is to preheat the electrodes
to this high temperature prior to raising the open circuit voltage
to values that will cause an ignition.
The following information is intended to help electronic ballast
manufacturers in finding their way to design ballasts with maximum
performance. It is to be read in conjunction with IEC Publication
60929:“A.C. supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluorescent
lamps.Performance requirements.”
4.1.2 Electrode preheating
In this section information regarding the preheating process is
given.
However, some changes are to be expected in 2000.
Within IEC, the lighting industry is finalizing discussions
regarding standardization of preheating values of
‘TL’ lamps.
Two basic methods of providing preheated cathodes at lamp star-
ting are normally used,these being either:
1. cathode current controlled preheating
2. cathode voltage controlled preheating
Preheating circuits,which are not of the pure current controlled or
the pure voltage controlled type can be described by the energy
which should be supplied to the cathode:
Cathode energy controlled preheating
Preheating information is given by the energy requirement,
calculated by the formula:
E = Q + P x t,measured in a substitution resistor R
sub
.
This formula shows that the energy required,is the sum of
the energy supplied into the electrodes (heat content) and the
power lost (heat loss) by the electrodes during preheating
time.
The following tables include minimum and maximum preheating
data for ‘TL’5 lamp electrodes at five different preheating times:
0,5 s,1 s,1,5 s,2 s and 3 s.
Some preceding remarks:
1) preheating times < 0.4 s have to be discouraged
2) preheating currents at non-mentioned times can be calculated
by the use of the energy formula
3) the values given are steady state values (constant during
preheating time)
4) frequent use of preheating outside the mentioned limits
will cause accelerated end-blackening and will have a negative
effect on lamp life.
Lamp Preheating Preheating time Substitution
type current resistor
mA 0,5 s 1,0 s 1,5 s 2,0 s 3,0 s (R
sub
)
‘TL’5 HE min. (r.m.s.) 290 235 215 200 190 40 Ω
max.(r.m.s.) 400 350 300 250 250 40 Ω
‘TL’5 HO
24W min. (r.m.s.) 700 550 485 450 415 12 Ω
max.(r.m.s.) 1175 1000 825 650 650 12 Ω
39W min. (r.m.s.) 700 550 485 450 415 12 Ω
max.(r.m.s.) 1175 1000 825 650 650 12 Ω
54W min. (r.m.s.) 1090 860 770 720 665 8 Ω
max.(r.m.s.) 1370 1210 1055 900 900 8 Ω
49W min. (r.m.s.) 490 370 320 295 265 16,5 Ω
max.(r.m.s.) 570 490 410 330 330 16,5 Ω
80W min. (r.m.s) 1160 905 815 765 705 7 Ω
max.(r.m.s.) 1365 1210 1055 900 900 7 Ω
Lamp Preheating Preheating time Substitution
type voltage resistor
V 0,5 s 1,0 s 1,5 s 2,0 s 3,0 s (R
sub
)
‘TL’5 HE min. (r.m.s.) 9,1 7,4 6,7 6,3 5,9 31,0 Ω
max.(r.m.s.) 12,9 10,4 9,4 8,9 8,3 31,0 Ω
‘TL’5 HO
24W min. (r.m.s.) 5,7 4,5 4,1 3,8 3,6 8,2 Ω
max.(r.m.s.) 8,0 6,4 5,8 5,4 5,1 8,2 Ω
39W min. (r.m.s.) 5,7 4,5 4,1 3,8 3,6 8,2 Ω
max.(r.m.s.) 8,0 6,4 5,8 5,4 5,1 8,2 Ω
54W min. (r.m.s.) 5,9 4,6 4,0 3,7 3,4 5,1 Ω
max.(r.m.s.) 8,3 6,5 5,7 5,3 4,8 5,1 Ω
49W min. (r.m.s.) 6,6 5,2 4,7 4,3 4,0 13,0 Ω
max.(r.m.s.) 9,4 7,4 6,6 6,1 5,7 13,0 Ω
80W min. (r.m.s) 5,4 4,1 3,6 3,3 3,0 4,5 Ω
max.(r.m.s.) 7,6 5,8 5,1 4,7 4,2 4,5 Ω
Provisional data