Product Brochure

The key scientific findings are [15]:
- With respect to the blue light hazard, LED lamps are no different from conventional
technologies, such as incandescent and fluorescent lights. The portion of blue in LED lighting is
not different from the portion in other technologies at the same color temperature.
- A comparison of LED retrofit products with the conventional products they are intended to
replace, reveals that the risk levels are very similar and well within the uncritical range.
- LED sources (lamps or systems) and luminaires that fall into Risk Group 0 or 1 as defined by IEC
can be used by consumers.
Ultraviolet
LED based light sources for consumer use do not contain any energy in the UV part of the spectrum and
are therefore not harmful to people with a higher sensitivity to UV light.
Infrared
In contrast with incandescent and halogen, LEDs hardly emit any infrared (IR). For consumer LED light
sources there is no risk, because the IR radiation is not powerful enough.
Optical safety is addressed by international standards and guidelines [16,17]. Philips branded
EyeComfort LED products of Signify are all classified in Risk Group 0 or 1 (RG0 / RG1) meaning that the
use of these LED products is not a photobiological hazard under normal behavioral limitations, or the
lamp poses no photobiological hazard.
3. Glare
Glare is one of the most significant dissatisfiers in relation to comfortable lighting. Glare can be divided
into disability glare and discomfort glare. Disability glare refers to the reduction of visual performance
caused by a glare source in the field of view. Discomfort glare is defined as the sensation of discomfort
caused by bright light sources. The sensation of discomfort depends on many parameters like the source
luminance, source area, source position in the field of view, background light conditions, type of activity
and duration of exposure to a bright source. For years, researchers have tried to quantify the amount of
visual discomfort. The assessment of glare for indoor workplaces (professional environment) is usually
done using the UGR measure (Unified Glare Rating). This measure is based on average luminance levels
calculated from a far field intensity distribution. In LED lighting solutions often see non-uniform or
pixelated exit windows with high luminance contrasts are seen. Studies have shown that pixelated exit
windows having the same average luminance as uniform exit windows (and thus the same UGR value)
result in higher discomfort glare [19-35]. This means that the current UGR is not always appropriate for
use with non-uniform exit windows.
Investigating the applicability or improvement of the current UGR and exploring alternative ways to
predict discomfort glare is a considerable topic of research. Improvements to the current UGR are
mainly aimed at correction of the position index in the UGR formula to take the viewing-angle-
dependency into account, correction of the average luminance, a correction of the observed luminous
surface, and general correction by adding an additional intercept to express the luminance contrast
within the glare source [36-44]. Suggestions for alternative methods of describing glare are based on
modeling the retinal receptive fields of the Human Visual System (HVS) and applying this model on