4411-0106 Version 2.
Copyright 2004-2013 Princeton Instruments, a division of Roper Scientific, Inc. 3660 Quakerbridge Rd Trenton, NJ 08619 TEL: 800-874-9789 / 609-587-9797 FAX: 609-587-1970 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the written permission of Princeton Instruments, a division of Roper Scientific, Inc. ("Princeton Instruments"). Printed in the United States of America.
Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction .........................................................................................9 PIXIS .................................................................................................................................. 9 eXcelon® ............................................................................................................................. 9 Advanced Design ........................................................................................
iv PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Chapter 6 Advanced Topics ............................................................................. 67 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 67 Timing Modes ................................................................................................................... 68 Fast and Safe Modes ................................................................................
Table of Contents v Appendix C Adapter Adjustment and Focusing Procedures ...................... 109 Adjustable C-Mount Adapter.......................................................................................... 109 F-Mount Adapter Focusing Procedure............................................................................ 110 Lens Focusing Procedure ................................................................................................ 111 Appendix D Spectrograph Adapters ..............
vi PIXIS System Manual Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. Figure 42. Figure 43. Figure 44. Figure 45. Figure 46. Figure 47. Figure 48. Figure 49. Figure 50. Figure 51. Figure 52. Figure 53. Figure 54. Figure 55. Figure 56. Figure 57. Figure 58. Figure 59. Figure 60. Figure 61. Figure 62. Figure 63. Figure 64. Figure 65. Figure 66.
Table of Contents vii Tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. USB Driver Files and Locations ........................................................................ 26 Example of Controller Gain {Analog Gain} vs. Readout Port .......................... 64 Camera Timing Modes ...................................................................................... 68 Focal Plane Distances ........................................................................................
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Chapter 1 Introduction PIXIS Thank you for purchasing a PIXIS camera system from Princeton Instruments. For over two decades Princeton Instruments has been the legendary name behind the most revolutionary spectroscopy and imaging products for cutting edge research. PIXIS represents the most advanced camera design and utilizes years of experience and expertise in low-light detection.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Grounding and Safety Before turning on the power supply (air-cooled system or liquid-cooled system with a CoolCUBEII circulator), the ground prong of the power cord plug must be properly connected to the ground connector of the wall outlet. The wall outlet must have a third prong, or must be properly connected to an adapter that complies with these safety requirements. WARNING! If the equipment is damaged, the protective grounding could be disconnected.
Chapter 1 Introduction 11 Cleaning WARNING! Turn off all power to the equipment and secure all covers before cleaning the units. Otherwise, damage to the equipment or injury to you could occur. Camera Although there is no periodic maintenance that needs to be performed on a PIXIS camera, users are advised to wipe it down with a clean damp cloth from time to time. This operation should only be done on the external surfaces and with all covers secured. In dampening the cloth, use clean water only.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Chapter 1, Introduction provides an overview of the PIXIS cameras. Chapter 2, System Component Descriptions provides information about the camera, interface card, cables and application software. Chapter 3, Installation Overview cross-references system setup actions with the relevant manuals and/or manual pages. It also contains system layout diagrams.
Chapter 2 System Component Descriptions System Components Standard Components A typical air-cooled PIXIS system consists of the camera with a Certificate of Performance, a power supply, a USB 2.0 interface cable for your computer system, MCX to BNC adapter cables, and the user manual. A typical liquid-cooled PIXIS system consists of the camera with a Certificate of Performance, a CoolCUBEII circulator with hoses, a USB 2.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C PIXIS Camera CCD Array: The PIXIS camera system offers both front- and backilluminated CCDs in a variety of array sizes that allow you to precisely match the sensor to your application. Only scientific-grade devices are used in order to ensure the highest image fidelity, resolution, and acquisition flexibility required for scientific imaging.
Chapter 2 System Component Descriptions 15 Fan: Air-cooled cameras contain an internal fan. Its purpose is: to remove heat from the Peltier device that cools the CCD array and to cool the electronics. An internal Peltier device directly cools the cold finger on which the CCD is mounted. The air drawn into the camera by the internal fan through the back slots on the side panels and exhausted through the front slots on the side panels then removes the heat produced by the Peltier device.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Cables USB 2.0 Cable: The standard 16.4' (5 m) cable (6050-0494) has USB connectors that interconnect the "USB 2.0" connector on the rear of the PIXIS with a USB card installed in the host computer. MCX to BNC Adapter Cables: Two MCX to BNC adapter cables are provided with the PIXIS system. These mount to the EXT SYNC and the LOGIC OUT connectors on the rear of the PIXIS. Certificate of Performance Each PIXIS camera has a Certificate of Performance.
Chapter 2 System Component Descriptions 17 Optional Components Application Software WinX: The PIXIS camera can be operated by using either WinView/32 or WinSpec/32, Princeton Instrument's 32-bit Windows® software packages designed specifically for high-end imaging and spectroscopy, respectively. The Princeton Instruments' software provides comprehensive image/spectral capture and display functions. The package also facilitates snap-ins to permit advanced operation.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Internal Shutter Optional 25 or 45 mm internal shutter (dependent on CCD array size). Shutters are mechanical devices with a finite lifetime, typically of the order of a million cycles, although some individual shutters may last a good deal longer. How long a shutter lasts in terms of experimental time will, of course, be strongly dependent on the operating parameters.
Chapter 3 Initial System Verification The list and diagrams below briefly describe the sequence of actions required to install your system and prepare to gather data. Refer to the indicated references for more detailed information. Action Reference 1. If the system components have not already been unpacked, unpack them and inspect their carton(s) and the system components for in-transit damage. Chapter 4 System Setup, page 23 2. Verify that all system components have been received.
PIXIS System Manual Action 14. Adjust the focus for the best image or spectral lines. If you are using WinSpec/32, you may want to use the Focus Helper function for spectroscopy applications. If you are using LightField, you may want to use the Align Spectrometer function. Version 2.C Reference Chapter 5 Operation, page 45 or page 48 Figure 2. Typical Imaging Experiment Layout (Air-cooled Camera) Figure 3.
Chapter 3 Initial System Verification 21 Figure 4. Typical Imaging Experiment Layout (Liquid-cooled Camera with CoolCUBEII) Figure 5.
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Chapter 4 System Setup To minimize risk to users or to system equipment, turn the system OFF before any cables are connected or disconnected. Introduction A PIXIS camera system consists of three hardware components: Camera head Power supply Cables All of the components and cables required for your configuration are included with your shipment. Your PIXIS system has been specially configured and calibrated to match the camera options specified at the time of purchase.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Checking the Equipment and Parts Inventory Confirm that you have all of the equipment and parts required to set up the PIXIS system. A complete system consists of: Standard System: Camera and Power Supply CoolCUBEII Circulator and hoses (for liquid-cooled system) Host Computer: Can be purchased from Princeton Instruments or provided by user. For enhanced performance, a fast hard drive (10,000 rpm) and 2GB RAM is recommended.
Chapter 4 System Setup 25 Ventilation: Allow at least one inch clearance for the side air vents. Where the camera is inside an enclosure, > 30 cfm air circulation and heat dissipation of 100W is required. Power: The PIXIS camera receives its power from the supplied power supply which in turn plugs into an AC power source. Host Computer Note: Computers and operating systems all undergo frequent revision. The following information is only intended to give minimum computer requirements.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Software Installation WinX Notes: 1. Before proceeding, please check to see if your computer supports USB 2.0. If it does not, install a USB 2.0 interface card. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. 2. Leave the USB cable disconnected from the camera until you have installed WinView/32 or WinSpec/32. The following installation is performed via the WinView/32 or WinSpec/32 software installation CD. 1.
Chapter 4 System Setup 27 LightField The following installation is performed via the LightField software installation CD. 1. Before starting the installation: Verify that the computer operating system is Windows Vista (64-bit) or Windows 7 (64-bit). Confirm that your computer supports USB 2.0. If it does not, please refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for installing a USB 2.0 interface card. Verify that your computer is connected to the Internet.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Notes: 1. Make sure that there are no kinks in the hoses that impede the coolant flow. Lack of sufficient flow can seriously harm the detector and any resulting damage is not covered under warranty. 2. Damage caused by water leaking into the PIXIS voids the warranty. 5. Unscrew the reservoir cap (on top of the CoolCUBEII) and make sure that the coolant reservoir contains coolant. If additional coolant is required, fill with a 50:50 mixture of water and ethylene glycol.
Chapter 4 System Setup 29 Entering the Default Camera System Parameters The following instructions assume that you have performed the compute r interface installation. WinX 1. Make sure the PIXIS is connected to the host computer and that it is turned on. 2. Run the WinX application. The Camera Detection wizard will automatically run if this is the first time you have installed a Princeton Instruments WinX application (WinView/32, WinSpec/32, or WinXTest/32) and a supported camera.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Figure 9. LightField Experiment Workspace 5. Because this is a new experiment, the default settings will automatically be entered for the experiment device(s). These settings will allow you to begin previewing (Run button) or acquiring (Acquire button) data. Note: For a step-by-step procedure on basic system operation, refer to the appropriate "First Light" sections: for Imaging applications (page 45) or for Spectroscopy applications (page 48).
Chapter 4 System Setup 31 Attaching to an F-Mount Adapter F-mount adapters use the Nikon bayonet format. To mount the lens on the camera: 1. Locate the large indicator dot on the side of the lens. 2. Note the corresponding dot on the front side of the adapter. 3. Line up the dots and slide the lens into the adapter. 4. Turn the lens counterclockwise until a click is heard. The lens is now locked in place. In addition to the focusing ring of the lens, there is provision for focusing the adapter itself.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C 6. When you have finished with focusing and rotational alignment, secure the sliding tube in place with the spectrograph setscrews. 7. If they have already been installed, loosen the adapter’s two recessed locking setscrews (use a 0.050 hex key). If they have not been installed, insert the setscrews into the holes at the sides of the adapter and screw them in a couple of turns. 8.
Chapter 4 System Setup 33 Connecting an External Shutter WARNING! Disconnecting or connecting the shutter cable to the camera while the camera is ON can destroy the shutter or the shutter driver in the camera! Introduction Typically, PIXIS cameras for imaging applications are shipped with an internal shutter. The 25 or 45 mm internal shutter (depending on the CCD array size) is housed in the main body. Typically, cameras for spectroscopy applications do not incorporate internal shutter.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Overexposure Protection Cameras that are exposed to room light or other continuous light sources will quickly become saturated. This most often occurs when operating without a shutter. If the camera is mounted to a spectrograph, close the entrance slit of the spectrograph to reduce the incident light. Note: If the CCD is cooled to low temperatures (below -50°C), exposure to ambient light will over-saturate it. This may increase dark charge significantly.
Chapter 5 Operation Introduction Once the PIXIS camera has been installed as explained in the preceding chapters, operation of the camera is straightforward. In most applications you simply establish optimum performance using the Focus mode (in WinX, for example), set the target camera temperature, wait until the temperature has stabilized, and then do actual data acquisition in the Acquire mode.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C The remainder of this chapter provides "First Light" procedures (these provide step-bystep instruction on how to initially verify system operation) and discusses factors that affect exposure, readout, and digitization of the incoming signal. By understanding the exposure, readout, and digitization factors and making adjustments to software settings you can maximize signal-to-noise ratio.
Chapter 5 Operation 37 Getting Started 1. Mount a test target in front of the camera. 2. Power ON the camera (i.e., switch the power supply ON). Note: The camera must be turned on before WinX is opened, and WinX must be closed before the camera is turned off. 3. Turn on the computer power. 4. Start the application software. Setting the Parameters Note: The following procedure is based on WinView/32: you will need to modify it if you are using a different application.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Experiment Setup Main tab (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…): Exposure Time: 100 ms Accumulations & Number of Images: 1 Experiment Setup ROI tab (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…): Use this function to define the region of interest (ROI). Imaging Mode: Select this mode if you are running WinSpec. Clicking on Full loads the full size of the chip into the edit boxes.
Chapter 5 Operation 39 Spectroscopy The following paragraphs provide step-by-step instructions for operating PIXIS in a spectroscopy setup for the first time. The intent of this simple procedure is to help you gain basic familiarity with the operation of your system and to show that it is functioning properly. Once basic familiarity has been established, then operation with other operating configurations, ones with more complex timing modes, can be performed.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Internal Slit Shutter: A shutter mounted internally has an external shutter connector in the sidewall of the spectrograph. Connect a shutter cable from the PIXIS Shutter connector to that connector. 6. Power ON the camera (i.e., switch the power supply ON). Note: With USB 2.0, the camera must be turned on before WinX is opened, and WinX must be closed before the camera is turned off. 7. Turn on the computer power. 8. Start the application software.
Chapter 5 Operation 41 Experiment Setup Main tab (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…): Exposure Time: 100 ms Accumulations & Number of Images: 1 Experiment Setup ROI tab (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…): Use this function to define the region of interest (ROI). Spectroscopy Mode: Selected Clicking on Full loads the full size of the chip into the edit boxes. Experiment Setup Timing tab (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…): Timing Mode: Free Run Shutter Control: Normal Safe Mode vs.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C the problem is fixed, stop acquisition or continue to the “Focusing” topic on page 42; otherwise, stop data acquisition and continue to Step g. If you do not hear a shutter operating and you have done Steps a-e, stop data acquisition and continue to Step g. g. Make sure the spectrograph has an entrance slit shutter. An externally mounted shutter is easily confirmed.
Chapter 5 Operation 43 2. With the spectrograph properly connected to the camera, turn the power on, wait for the spectrograph to initialize. 3. Select Define from the Spectrograph menu, click on Install/Remove Spectrograph, highlight the appropriate spectrograph name (for example, Acton SP300i for an Acton SP-2300i spectrograph) in the Supported Spectrographs list, and click on Install Selected Spectrograph. 4.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Note: When aligning other accessories, such as fibers, lenses, optical fiber adapters, first align the spectrograph to the slit. Then align the accessory without disturbing the camera position. The procedure is identical to that used to focus the spectrograph (i.e., do the focus and alignment operations while watching a live image). 10. Tighten the spectrograph set screws to secure the spectrograph adapter. Then stop data acquisition.
Chapter 5 Operation 45 LightField First Light Instructions Imaging This section provides step-by-step instructions for acquiring an imaging measurement in LightField for the first time. The intent of this procedure is to help you gain basic familiarity with the operation of your system and to show that it is functioning properly. Once basic familiarity has been established, then operation with other operating configurations, ones with more complex timing modes, can be performed.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C 1. After LightField opens, you should see an icon representing your camera in the Available Devices area. In the figure above, the camera is a PIXIS:512B eXcelon®. 2. Drag the icon into the Experiment Devices area. Figure 14. Experiment Devices Area 3. Note that the Experiment Settings stack on the left now displays several expanders. Because this is a new experiment, the default settings for the camera will be active.
Chapter 5 Operation 47 Figure 15. View Area 3. Click on the Run button to start Preview mode. In this mode, images will be continuously acquired and displayed. Figure 16. View Area Displaying an Image 4. Adjust the lens aperture, intensity scaling, and focus for the best image as viewed on the computer monitor. Some imaging tips follow: Begin with the lens blocked off and then set the lens at the smallest possible aperture (largest f-stop number).
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Check the brightest regions of the image to determine if the A/D converter is at full-scale. A 16-bit A/D is at full scale when the brightest parts of the image reach an intensity of 65535. Adjust the aperture to where it is just slightly smaller (higher f-stop) than the setting where maximum brightness on any part of the image occurs. Set the focus adjustment of the lens for maximum sharpness in the viewed image. 5.
Chapter 5 Operation 49 6. The spectrograph has an entrance slit shutter that is being controlled by the PIXIS via the Shutter connector. Caution If the PIXIS has an internal shutter, DO NOT USE the Shutter connector to drive a spectrograph entrance slit shutter. If both the camera and the spectrograph have shutters, the entrance slit shutter will have to be removed or a Princeton Instruments SHC-EXT Shutter Control Box may be used to control the opening and closing of the entrance slit shutter.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C 1. After LightField opens, you should see icons representing your camera and the spectrograph in the Available Devices area. In the figure above, the camera is a PIXIS:400BR eXcelon® and the spectrograph is an SP-2356. 2. Drag the icons into the Experiment Devices area. Figure 18. Experiment Devices Area 3. Note that the Experiment Settings stack on the left now displays several expanders.
Chapter 5 Operation 51 Confirming the Setup 1. Turn on the light source at the spectrograph entrance slit. 2. Click on Run to begin previewing the data. Depending on the display settings, you should see either a spectral band (image) or a graph. Background noise will decrease as the camera cools to its default temperature. 3. Turn off the light source. The data display should change to a background noise pattern or low intensity graph.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Focusing The detector mounting hardware provides two degrees of freedom: focus and rotation. In this context, focus means to physically move the detector back and forth through the focal plane of the spectrograph. The approach taken is to slowly move the detector in and out of focus and adjusting for optimum while watching a live display on the monitor, followed by rotating the detector and again adjusting for optimum.
Chapter 5 Operation 53 6. Make sure that the spectroscopy-mount adapter moves freely at the spectrograph. 7. Select Align Spectrometer… from the Experiment Options menu. Review the displayed information and then click on the Begin button. Typically, this feature creates three 1-row high ROIs (one near the top of the array, one in the middle, and one near the bottom) and begins data acquisition. Data will be continuously acquired and displayed but will not be stored. Figure 20.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C 9. Next adjust the rotation. You can do this by rotating the camera while watching a live display of the line (you may need to loosen two setscrews securing the spectrograph adapter). Click on the peak you want to monitor during the rotational alignment. This positions the large cursor to provide a vertical reference line across all of the ROIs. 10.
Chapter 5 Operation 55 IsoPlane SCT-320 Spectrograph Because the PIXIS is mounted directly to the mounting plate on the IsoPlane, focusing and alignment is different from the way that focusing and alignment are performed for an Acton Series spectrograph. The following information assumes that you are familiar with the locations of the mounting plate, Micrometer Compartment, and the locking set screw. If not, refer to the IsoPlane manual supplied with the spectrograph.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Exposure and Signal Introduction The following topics address factors that can affect the signal acquired on the CCD array. These factors include array architecture, exposure time, CCD temperature, dark charge, and saturation. CCD Array Architecture Charge coupled devices (CCDs) can be roughly thought of as a two-dimensional grid of individual photodiodes (called pixels), each connected to its own charge storage “well.
Chapter 5 Operation 57 Continuous Exposure (No Shuttering) For full-frame imaging CCDs, the standard PIXIS camera for imaging is equipped with an integral shutter. However, inasmuch as it is possible to order the camera without a shutter, the following general discussion of unshuttered operation is provided. Slow scan scientific cameras require a shutter to prevent "smearing" of features during readout.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Once the target array temperature {Temperature Setpoint} has been set, the software controls the camera's cooling circuits to reach set array temperature. On reaching that temperature, the control loop locks to that temperature for stable and reproducible performance. When temperature lock has been reached (temperature within 0.05°C of set value), the current temperature is Locked. The on-screen indication allows easy verification of temperature lock.
Chapter 5 Operation 59 For signal levels low enough to be readout-noise limited, longer exposure times, and therefore longer signal accumulation in the CCD, will improve the S/N ratio approximately linearly with the length of exposure time. There is, however, a maximum time limit for on-chip accumulation, determined by either the saturation of the CCD by the signal or the loss of dynamic range due to the buildup of dark charge in the pixels.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Full Frame Readout The upper left drawing in Figure 25 represents a CCD after exposure but before the beginning of readout. The capital letters represent different amounts of charge, including both signal and dark charge. This section explains readout at full resolution, where every pixel is digitized separately. Note: With PIXIS cameras you have a choice of amplifier (low noise or high capacity).
Chapter 5 Operation 61 The readout time is approximately given by: t N x N y t sr t v N x t i R (2) where Nx is the smaller dimension of the CCD Ny is the larger dimension of the CCD tsr is the time needed to shift one pixel out of the shift register tv is the time needed to digitize a pixel ti is the time needed to shift one line into the shift register A subsection of the CCD can be read out at full resolution, sometimes dramatically increasing the readout rate while retaining
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C pixels, the binning of large sections may result in saturation and “blooming”, or spilling of charge back into the image area. Figure 26 shows an example of 2 2 binning. Each pixel of the image displayed by the software represents 4 pixels of the CCD array. Rectangular bins of any size are possible. Binning also reduces readout time and the burden on computer memory, but at the expense of resolution.
Chapter 5 Operation 63 Figure 27. Binning and Array Orientation Note: You can easily switch between these orientations by rotating the camera 90° and changing the binning parameters in the application software. Output Amplifier {Quality} Selection The output amplifier amplifies the collected charge from the output node and outputs it as electrons/count.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Controller Gain Controller gain (a function of the preamplifier) is software-selectable and is used to change the relationship between the number of electrons acquired on the CCD and the Analog-to-Digital Units (ADUs or counts) generated. Selecting the amount of gain is done on the Acquisition|Experiment Setup…|ADC tab {Analog to Digital Conversion expander}. The choices are 1 {Low}, 2 {Medium}, and 3 {High}.
Chapter 5 Operation 65 Digitization (Rate) Introduction After gain has been applied to the signal, the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) converts that analog information (continuous amplitudes) into a digital data (quantified, discrete steps) that can be read, displayed, and stored by the application software. The number of bits per pixel is based on both the hardware and the settings programmed into the camera through the software (see "Readout", page 59).
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Chapter 6 Advanced Topics Introduction Previous chapters have discussed setting up the hardware and the software for basic operation. This chapter discusses topics associated with experiment synchronization. Synchronization is set up on the Experiment Setup|Timing tab in WinX and on the Shutter and Trigger expanders in LightField. With the exception of Edge Trigger, the topics are addressed in order of their appearance on the Timing tab.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Timing Modes Overview The basic PIXIS timing modes are Free Run {No Response}, External Sync {Readout Per Trigger}, and External Sync {Readout Per Trigger} with Continuous Cleans {Clean Until Trigger}. These timing modes are combined with the Shutter options to provide the widest variety of timing modes for precision experiment synchronization.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 69 Free Run {No Response} In the Free Run {No Response} mode the camera does not synchronize with the experiment in any way. The shutter opens as soon as the previous readout is complete, and remains open for the exposure time, texp. Any External Sync signals are ignored. This mode is useful for experiments with a constant light source, such as a CW laser or a DC lamp.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C External synchronization depends on an edge trigger (negative- or positive-going) which must be supplied to the EXT SYNC connector on the back of the camera. The type of edge must be identified in the application software to ensure that the shutter opening is initiated by the correct edge (in WinX, this is done on the Experiment Setup|Timing tab, in LightField on the Trigger expander).
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 71 The PreOpen {Open Before Trigger} mode is useful in cases where an External Sync pulse cannot be provided 8 ms or ~ 20 ms (the length of time the 25 mm or 45 mm mechanical shutter takes to open) before the actual signal occurs. Its main drawback is that the CCD is exposed to any ambient light while the shutter is open between frames.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Figure 32. Continuous Cleans {Clean Until Trigger} Flowchart Once the External Sync pulse is received, cleaning of the array stops as soon as the current row is shifted, and frame collection begins. With Normal Shutter {Normal} operation the shutter is opened for the set exposure time.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 73 Figure 33. WinX Continuous Cleans Timing Diagram Figure 34. LightField Clean Until Trigger (CUT) Timing Diagram EXT SYNC Trigger Input The selected Timing Mode {Trigger Response} determines how the camera will respond to an External Sync pulse that is input at the EXT SYNC connector on the rear of the camera. Things to keep in mind when setting up the External Sync pulse input are: Pulse Height: 0 to +3.3V logic levels (TTL-compatible).
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Fast and Safe Modes Introduction The PIXIS has been designed to allow the greatest possible flexibility when synchronizing data collection with an experiment. The fundamental difference between the Fast and Safe modes is how often the acquisition start and acquisition stop commands are sent by the computer for a data collection sequence. With Safe Mode, the computer sends a start and a stop command for each frame of a data sequence.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 75 Figure 36.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C LOGIC OUT Control The TTL-compatible logic level output (0 to +3.3 V) from the LOGIC OUT connector on the rear panel can be used to monitor camera status and control external devices. By default, the logic output level is high while the action is occurring.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 77 Kinetics Mode In the past, Kinetics Mode was a purchased option for WinView/32. Kinetics Mode is now included in the standard LightField and WinX applications. Introduction Kinetics mode uses the CCD to expose and store a limited number of images in rapid succession. The time it takes to shift each line (or row) on the CCD is as short as a few hundred nanoseconds to few microseconds, depending on the CCD.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Kinetic Timing Modes and Shutter Control Kinetics mode operates with three timing modes: Free Run {No Response}, Single Trigger {Readout Per Trigger}, and Multiple Trigger {Shift Per Trigger}. Free run {No Response} mode is used for experiments that do not require any synchronization with the experiments.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 79 Window Size. Integrate signals (SHUTTER {Shutter Open}) or Readout signals (NOT SCAN {Not Reading Out}) are provided at the LOGIC OUT connector for timing measurements. Example: Referring to the readout shown in Figure 38, there are 6 pixels perpendicular to the shift register and the Window Size is 2 pixels high. The number of frames is 3. If the Vertical Shift rate for the CCD is 1600 ns/row, the Shift time will be 3200 ns per frame. Figure 43.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C In multiple trigger mode, the shutter is opened when Acquire or Focus {Run} is clicked and each “exposure-shift” cycle in the acquisition is triggered independently by a pulse applied at the EXT SYNC connector. This mode is useful when each subframe needs to be synchronized with a pulsed external light source such as a laser. Once the series is complete, the shutter closes and readout begins.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 81 Software Settings Princeton Instruments does not encourage users to change these parameter settings. For most applications, the default settings will give the best results. We strongly advise contacting the factory for guidance before customizing the chip definition. In WinX, if Custom Chip has been installed, selecting Show Custom Chip check box on the Controller/Camera tab adds the Custom Chip tab to the Hardware Setup dialog.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Custom Timing Notes: 1. This mode is standard with LightField for full frame CCD cameras. 2. This option is fully supported by WinX Version 2.5.18.1 (and higher). 3. This option is not supported by WinX for 5 MHz systems.. In LightField, Custom Timing is accessed via the Custom Sensor button on the Sensor expander. In the Custom Timing panel, you can select from among the listed vertical shift rate choices (see Figure 48).
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting WARNING! Do not attach or remove any cables while the camera system is powered on. Introduction The following issues have corresponding troubleshooting sections in this chapter.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Acquisition Started but Viewer Contents Do Not Update In LightField, live data is normally displayed in the Experiment workspace viewer as it is being acquired (Preview or Acquire mode). If the viewer is not being updated and acquisition is occurring, check to see if there is a filename in the top row of the viewer: in the figure below, the filename 2010 May 11 13_13_49.raw is displayed. If there is a filename, click on the camera icon.
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting 85 Camera1 (or similar name) in Camera Name field Figure 51. Camera1 in Camera Name Field When the Camera Detection Wizard installs a new camera, the camera is automatically named “Camera#” (where # = 1, 2 , or 3.., depending on the number of cameras detected) This name will appear in the Hardware Setup title bar and as the active camera on the Hardware Setup|Controller/Camera tab. If you would prefer a more specific name, you can edit PVCAM.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Controller Is Not Responding If this message pops up when you click on OK after selecting the "Interface Type" during Hardware Setup (under the WinX Setup menu), the system has not been able to communicate with the camera. Check to see if camera has been turned ON and if the USB 2.0 interface card, its driver, and the USB cable have been installed. If the camera is ON, the problem may be with the USB 2 card, its driver, or the cable connections.
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting 87 Cooling Troubleshooting Temperature Lock Cannot be Achieved or Maintained. Possible causes for not being able to achieve or maintain lock could include: Ambient temperature greater than +23°C. This condition affects TE-cooled cameras. If ambient is greater than +23°C, you will need to cool the camera environment or raise the set temperature. Airflow through the camera and/or circulator is obstructed.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Gradual Deterioration of Cooling Capability While unlikely with the PIXIS camera (guaranteed permanent vacuum for the life of the camera), if you see a gradual deterioration of the cooling capability, there may be a gradual deterioration of the camera’s vacuum. This can affect temperature performance such that it may be impossible to achieve temperature lock at the lowest temperatures.
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting 89 Data Overrun Has Occurred message Because of memory constraints and the way that USB transfers data, a "Data overrun has occurred" message may be displayed during data acquisition. If this message is displayed, take one or more of the following actions: 1. Minimize the number of programs running in the background while you are acquiring data with the WinX application. 2. Run data acquisition in Safe Mode. 3. Add memory. 4. Use binning. 5. Increase the exposure time. 6.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Cancel the load. Cancelling a load means that the last used experiment will not be loaded automatically when LightField opens. However, you can load the experiment after all the devices are available, you can start a new experiment design, or you can load a different experiment that matches the devices you are using. Device is Occupied Multiple instances of LightField can be running at the same time.
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting 91 Program Error message Figure 56. Program Error dialog This dialog may appear if you have tried to acquire a test image, acquire data, or run in focusing mode and the DMA buffer size is too small. To correct the problem: 1. Click on OK. 2. Reboot the WinX application. 3. Note the array size (on the Setup|Hardware|Controller/CCD tab or the Acquisition|Experiment Setup|Main tab Full Chip dimensions).
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Serial violations have occurred. Check interface cable. Figure 57. Serial Violations Have Occurred dialog This error message dialog will appear if you try to acquire an image or focus the camera and either (or both) of the following conditions exists: The camera system is not turned ON. There is no communication between the camera and the host computer. To correct the problem: 1. Turn OFF the camera system (if it is not already OFF). 2.
Appendix A Basic Specifications Note: This appendix provides some of the basic specifications of a PIXIS system. If the information you are looking for is not here, it may be available in Appendix B, "Outline Drawings" or on the appropriate data sheet. Data sheets can be downloaded from the Princeton Instruments website (www.princetoninstruments.com). Window SI-UV fused-silica quartz (.125"/3.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Shutter Typically, PIXIS cameras for imaging applications are shipped with an internal shutter. PIXIS:512/1024: Internal, windowless, 1 in (25 mm) aperture, 8 ms open time, 8 ms close time PIXIS:2048: Internal, windowless, 1.8 in (45 mm) aperture, ~ 20 ms open time, ~48 ms close time Typically, PIXIS cameras for spectroscopy applications do not have an installed internal shutter.
Appendix A Basic Specifications 95 USB 2.0 (USB B Female): Data link to computer via USB cable inserted at this connector. Cable length of 5 meters is standard. Other lengths may be available. Contact Customer Support for more information. USB A/B cable supplied with system. Power (DIN): 12 VDC (6.6A max) input from power supply. Pin 3, 5: 12 VDC Pin 1, 2, 4: Return Shell: Ground Fan: (Air-cooled systems only) 24 CFM fan capacity at full power.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C CoolCUBEII Circulator with PIXIS-compatible Hoses (PN 7567-0002) Closed loop system Hoses: CoolCUBEII and PIXIS-Compatible 3/8" ID, with no-drip quick disconnects at the circulator ends and 1/4” CPC quick disconnects at the camera ends. Coolant: 50:50 ethylene glycol and water at 23°C (DI water recommended). Dimensions: Refer to Appendix B, "Outline Drawings", page 108. Minimum Flow Rate: 2.5 liters per minute. Maximum Pressure: 22 PSI. Power Input: 100 V/240 V, 3 A.
Appendix B Outline Drawings NOTE: Dimensions are in inches [mm]. PIXIS Camera: C-mount (Air-Cooled) Figure 58.
PIXIS System Manual Figure 59. Fixed C-Mount: Internal Shutter (Air-cooled) Version 2.
Appendix B Outline Drawings 99 PIXIS Camera: C-mount (Liquid-Cooled) Figure 60.
PIXIS System Manual Figure 61. Fixed C-Mount: Internal Shutter (Liquid-cooled) Version 2.
Appendix B Outline Drawings 101 PIXIS Camera: F-mount (Air-Cooled) Figure 62.
PIXIS System Manual PIXIS Camera: F-mount (Liquid-Cooled) Figure 63. F-Mount: Internal Shutter (Liquid-cooled) Version 2.
Appendix B Outline Drawings 103 PIXIS Camera: 2048 F-mount (Air-Cooled) Figure 64.
PIXIS System Manual PIXIS Camera: 2048 F-mount (Liquid-Cooled) Figure 65. F-Mount: 2048x2048, Internal Shutter (Liquid-cooled) Version 2.
Appendix B Outline Drawings 105 PIXIS Camera: Spectroscopy mount (Air-Cooled) Figure 66. Spectroscopy-Mount: No Internal Shutter, 3.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C PIXIS Camera: Spectroscopy mount (Liquid-Cooled) Figure 67. Spectroscopy-Mount: No Internal Shutter, 3.
Appendix B Outline Drawings 107 Figure 68. Spectroscopy-Mount: Internal Shutter (3.60" and 3.
PIXIS System Manual CoolCUBEII Circulator Figure 69. CoolCUBEII Circulator Version 2.
Appendix C Adapter Adjustment and Focusing Procedures Adjustable C-Mount Adapter PIXIS cameras are now available with an adjustable C-mount adapter. The camera is adjusted at the factory for standard C-mount focusing distance. However, you may want to adjust the focusing distance for your application. Tools Required Spanner (supplied) Small flat blade screwdriver Procedure 1. Using a small flat blade screwdriver, loosen the lock screws. 2.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C F-Mount Adapter Focusing Procedure Note: This procedure sets the focus for the F-mount adapter, not the lens. Once set, it should not need to be disturbed again. 1. The lens should be mounted to the camera as described in Chapter 4. 2. The F-mount adapter is in two sections: the adapter body (into which the lens is mounted) and the adapter adjustment ring that is secured to the front of the camera. Try rotating the adapter body.
Appendix C Adapter Adjustment and Focusing Procedures 111 Lens Focusing Procedure Except for the lens mount focus procedure that applies to F-mount lenses as described above, there is no difference between focusing considerations for an F-mount lens and a C-mount lens. Simply use the focusing ring on the lens to produce the sharpest image at full aperture.
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Appendix D Spectrograph Adapters Princeton Instruments offers a variety of spectrograph adapters for PIXIS systems. The mounting instructions for these adapters are organized by spectrograph model, detector type, and adapter kit number. The table below cross-references these items with the page number for the appropriate instruction set. Spectrograph Adapter Kit No. Page Acton Series (PIXIS with Flange) 114 Acton Series (PIXIS with 3.60/3.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Acton Series Spectrograph (PIXIS with Flange) 1. Qty P/N 3 2826-0120 Description Screw, 10-32 1/2, Hex Head, Stainless Steel Assembly Instructions 1. Make sure that the shipping cover has been removed from the detector port on the spectrograph. 2. If the spacer plate has been removed, reinstall it on the sliding tube. 3. Leaving 1/4" of thread exposed, mount the three (3) hex head screws to the sliding tube. 4.
Appendix D Spectrograph Adapters 115 Acton Series Spectrograph (PIXIS with 3.60/3.88 Bolt Circles) 1. Qty P/N 3 2826-0127 Description Screw, 10-32 1/4, Button Head Allen Hex, Stainless Steel Assembly Instructions 1. Make sure that the shipping cover has been removed from the detector port on the spectrograph. 2. Loosen the setscrews holding the sliding tube in the spectrograph. 3. Rotate the sliding tube as you remove it from the spectrograph. 4.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Acton Series Spectrograph (PIXIS with C-Mount) Qty P/N Description 1. 1 8401-071-01 Adapter Plate 2. 1 8401-071-02 Threaded C-Mount Adapter 3. 3 2826-0127 Screw, 10-32 1/4, Button Head Allen Hex, Stainless Steel Assembly Instructions 1. Make sure that the shipping cover has been removed from the detector port on the spectrograph. 2. Loosen the setscrews holding the sliding tube in the spectrograph. 3.
Appendix D Spectrograph Adapters 117 Acton SP-2350/SP-2550 Adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-Mount Adapter (Adapter Kit 7050-0104) Qty 1. 1 2. 1 P/N Description Adapter Plate 2518-1284 1.25”-32 Threaded Insert Assembly Instructions 1. Make sure that the shipping cover has been removed from the detector port on the spectrograph. 2. Place the flat side of the adapter plate against the face of the detector. 3.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Acton SP-2150/SP-2750 Adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-Mount Adapter (Adapter Kit 7050-0107) Qty 1. 1 2. 1 P/N Description Adapter Plate 2518-1284 1.25”-32 Threaded Insert Assembly Instructions 1. Make sure that the shipping cover has been removed from the detector port on the spectrograph. 2. Place the flat side of the adapter plate against the face of the detector. 3.
Appendix D Spectrograph Adapters 119 IsoPlane SCT-320 (PIXIS with Flange) 1. Qty P/N 3 2826-0120 Description Screw, 10-32 1/2, Hex Head, Stainless Steel Assembly Instructions 1. Make sure that the shipping cover has been removed from the detector mounting plate on the IsoPlane. 2. Leaving 1/4" of thread exposed, screw the three (3) hex head screws into the mounting plate. 3. Mount the detector to the mounting plate: the text should be right-reading on the back of the detector. 4.
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Appendix E Cross-Referencing of WinX and LightField Terms WinX-to-LightField WinX LightField Active Rows Parallel to Shift Register Active Height Active Shift Register Columns Active Width ADC Rate Speed ADC Resolution Bit Depth Continuous Cleans Clean Until Trigger Controller Gain Analog Gain Custom Chip Custom Sensor Custom Timing Custom Timing Disable Pixel Bias Correction (PBC) N/A Disabled Closed (Shutter) Always Closed (Shutter) Disabled Open (Shutter) Always Open (Shutter) Eas
PIXIS System Manual WinX Version 2.
Appendix E Cross-Referencing of WinX and LightField Terms 123 LightField-to-WinX LightField WinX Active Area: Bottom Margin Post-Dummy Rows Parallel to Shift Register Active Area: Left Margin Pre-Dummy Shift Register Columns Active Area: Right Margin Post-Dummy Shift Register Columns Active Area: Top Margin F.T.
PIXIS System Manual LightField Version 2.
Declaration of Conformity This section of the PIXIS system manual contains the Declaration(s) of Conformity for PIXIS systems.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.
Declaration of Conformity 127 127
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Warranty & Service Limited Warranty Princeton Instruments, a division of Roper Scientific, Inc. ("Princeton Instruments", "us", "we", "our") makes the following limited warranties. These limited warranties extend to the original purchaser ("You", "you") only and no other purchaser or transferee. We have complete control over all warranties and may alter or terminate any or all warranties at any time we deem necessary.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C Sealed Chamber Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty Princeton Instruments warrants the sealed chamber integrity of all our products for a period of twelve (12) months after shipment. If, at anytime within twelve (12) months from the date of delivery, the detector should experience a sealed chamber failure, all parts and labor needed to restore the chamber seal will be covered by us. Open chamber products carry NO WARRANTY TO THE CCD IMAGING DEVICE, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.
Warranty & Service 131 Owner's Manual and Troubleshooting You should read the owner’s manual thoroughly before operating this product. In the unlikely event that you should encounter difficulty operating this product, the owner’s manual should be consulted before contacting the Princeton Instruments technical support staff or authorized service representative for assistance.
PIXIS System Manual Version 2.C 10. All warranties implied by state law or non-U.S. laws, including the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are expressly limited to the duration of the limited warranties set forth above. With the exception of any warranties implied by state law or non-U.S.
Index A-B A/D converters 65, 95 AC power requirements 25 Accessories, alignment of 44, 54 Acquisition started, viewer contents do not update 84 Adapter instructions 114, 115, 116 Acton Series spectrographs 114, 115, 116, 117, 118 adjustable C- to spectroscopy-mount 7050-0104 117 7050-0107 118 IsoPlane SCT-320 spectrograph 119 Adapters adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-mount kinetics adapter 7050-0104 117 7050-0107 118 ADC offset 65 Adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-mount kinetics adapter 18 Adjustable C- to Spectro
Connectors EXT SYNC external shutter LEMO LOGIC OUT power USB Connectors LOGIC OUT Contact information Continuous Cleans Controller gain CoolCUBEII hose connections outline drawing specifications Cooling coolant mixture Cooling and vacuum Custom Chip option Custom Sensor Custom Timing Customer support PIXIS System Manual 14 14, 94 14 14 14, 95 14, 95 94 132 71 63, 64 18 27 108 96 15 18 88 80, 81 80, 81 82 132 D-E Dark charge 34, 71 definition of 58 dynamic range 59 pattern 58 typical values 58 Dark c
Index 135 L-N R-S LEMO connector 14 Lenses, mounting 31 LightField 17 LOGIC 0 output level 76, 94 LOGIC 1 output level 76, 94 Logic Out levels Always High 76 Always Low 76 Busy 76 LOGIC 0 76, 94 LOGIC 1 76, 94 Not Reading Out 76 NOT READY 76, 94 NOT SCAN 76, 94 SHUTTER 76, 94 Shutter Open 76 Low noise amplifier 63 Maintenance 11 MCX to BNC adapter cables 16 Mercury spectrum, fluorescent lights 43, 50, 52 Mounting C- to Spectroscopy-mount kinetics adapter 31 spectrograph 32 Multiple Trigger mode 80 Not R
PIXIS System Manual T Technical support 132 Temperature control problems 87 operating 95 specifications 95 thermal cutout switch 87 Temperature control 57 effect of vacuum deterioration 88 Temperature lock 58 Thermal cutout switch 87 Timing control 74 Timing modes 68 Trigger modes multiple trigger (Kinetics) 80 single trigger (Kinetics) 79 Troubleshooting acquisition start but viewer contents do not update 84 baseline change 84 camera stops working 84 controller not responding 86 CoolCUBEII air in hos
