Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Rev. 9.
Fo r P H al rn te In se U O nl y
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Rev. 9.41 Student guide Use of this material to deliver training without prior written permission from HP is prohibited.
y O nl Copyright 2010 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. se The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and d services. Nothing h herein h should h ld be b construed d as constituting an additional dd l warranty. HP shall h ll not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.
Content Module 1 — HP ProCurve Switch Overview Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Objectives ...................................................................................................... 1 Lesson 1 — HP ProCurve Networking Benefits ..................................................... 2 Companies' networking needs .................................................................... 2 Network of choice .....................................................................................
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Learning check........................................................................................ 29 Module 1 — Summary ....................................................................................31 Module 2 — VLANs Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Objectives .................................................................................................... 33 Lesson 1 — VLAN Basics ...........................................
Content O nl y Indirect routes ......................................................................................... 71 Information required for routes .................................................................. 72 Routing table .......................................................................................... 73 Lab — Configure routing on an HP ProCurve 540zl switch ........................... 74 Learning check...........................................................................
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing O nl y Introduction ............................................................................................ 111 Guidelines for configuring port trunking .................................................... 112 VLAN Configuration on Trunks ................................................................. 113 Lab — Configure a trunk on a 5406zl switch and then configure VLAN memberships for that trunk ..............................................
Content Appendix Fo r H P In Learning Check Answers Glossary te rn al U se O nl y The switch port in the lowest cost path that leads to the root bridge ............. 146 Root Path .............................................................................................. 146 The lowest cost path between a switch and the root bridge ......................... 146 Root port ...............................................................................................
Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing vi Rev. 9.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview Module 1 Objectives After completing this module, you should be able to: Describe the following types of switches and explain how they are used in today’s networks: Core, distribution, and access layer switches Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches Modular and fixed port switches Managed, Web-managed, and unmanaged switches Modular and fixed port switches O nl y se Explain the benefits of using HP ProCurve switches Explain the benefits of the HP ProCurve Lif
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lesson 1 — HP ProCurve Networking Benefits rn al U se O nl y Companies' networking needs In te Today, most companies need more from their network than just connectivity. Their networks must not only serve a growing number of diverse users but also accommodate bandwidth-intensive or delay-sensitive applications.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview Network of choice To help companies meet these and even more complex requirements, HP ProCurve Networking offers the network of choice. ProCurve offers companies a variety of options for switches, wireless products, security products, network management, WAN routers, and data center management.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing se O nl y HP ProCurve adaptive network rn al U In addition to ensuring that customers have the choices they want, ProCurve believes the network must be adaptive. It must adapt appropriately to users, applications, and organizations.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview Green business technology Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y HP ProCurve’s innovations extend to reducing the environmental impact of your network. For example, HP ProCurve is committed to developing energy-efficient products, and its successful efforts have been verified through independent testing: HP ProCurve has earned the Miercom Certified Green Standard for a number of switches. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lifetime warranty ProCurve’s commitment to reliability is backed by its lifetime warranty. Provides advanced replacement at no cost — HP ProCurve Networking sends a replacement part as soon as you report the failure (not after you send in the failed part). Includes software maintenance releases, updates, and upgrades — Software maintenance releases are provided, when and if available, for as long as you own the product.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview Learning check a. Companies can choose from a wide array of advanced proprietary protocols. b. Miercom has certified ProCurve as offering a top choice in networking technologies. c. ProCurve's commitment to open standards allows companies to implement multi-vendor solutions. d. All switches come with a 5-year warranty. Which statements accurately describe ProCurve's warranty? (Select two) ProCurve guarantees two-day service for replacement parts. b.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lesson 2 — HP ProCurve Switches Introduction Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y This lesson explains how switches can be categorized, based on the environment where they are deployed, the capabilities they offer, or their form factor. It then introduces you to the HP ProCurve switch portfolio, providing examples of the different types of switches HP ProCurve offers. Module 1 – 8 Rev. 9.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview In te rn al U se O nl y Deployment environment H P Although each company is unique, companies that are approximately the same size often have similar networking needs. Fo r When you categorize switches, therefore, it is often useful to start with two categories: enterprise and small-to-medium business (SMB). A third category, data center, has also emerged because it has specific requirements (such as high-speed links and redundancy). Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing U se O nl y Deployment options al Within each environment, switches can be categorized by where they are deployed on the network itself. The network is often organized into three tiers: Core — Core switches establish the backbone of the network. Distribution — Distribution switches are consolidation points for access switches.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview Layer 2 and layer 3 switches se O nl y Switches can also be categorized based on their ability to forward traffic at the Data Link or the Network Layer of the OSI model. Layer 2 switches can forward traffic based on the frame’s Data Link Layer information—specifically the MAC address. In addition to this capability, layer 3 switches can forward traffic based on Network Layer information—such as the IP address and the associated IP route.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Switch manageability You can also evaluate switches based on their level of manageability. O nl y Managed switches — Support SNMP and allow you to configure each port’s communication parameters and many other aspects of the switch through a command line interface and a graphical user interface (such as a Web browser interface).
HP ProCurve Switch Overview Physical switch types te rn al U se O nl y One of the easiest ways to classify a switch is by its physical frame (which is also called its form factor). Fo r H P In Both types of switches can potentially support high-speed links, either through traditional copper cable or fiber optic cable. Ethernet cable Fiber optic cable Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing HP ProCurve Switch Portfolio Now that you understand the different ways you can categorize switches, you can better evaluate the ProCurve switch portfolio. ProCurve designs switches for enterprises, data centers, and SMBs, providing a wide range of choices from fully managed switch to unmanaged switch. This course provides examples of these switches, focusing on their basic capabilities.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview HP ProVision ASIC Switches HP ProCurve’s most versatile, high-performance switches are built on the ProVisionTM ASIC, which provides wirespeed intelligence and can be programmed to support new features. As a result, ProVision ASIC switches not only meet your company’s needs today but also future-proof your network.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing 6600 series 6600-24G4XG 660024XG 6600-48G 6600-48G4XG Fixed Port 24 (20/10/100/ 1000) Data Center Fixed Port 24 (20/10/100 /1000) Data Center Fixed Port 24 (10-GbE) Fixed Port Data Center Fixed Port 48 (44 10/100/ 1000) Data Center Network tier Distribution, Access Manageability Fully managed Forwarding and routing capabilities Layer 3# Distribution, Access Fully managed Layer 3# Distribution, Access Fully managed Layer 3# Distributio
HP ProCurve Switch Overview 6200yl-24G-mGBIC switch 620yl-24G-mGBIC Fixed port* 24 open mini-GBIC (SFP) slots Enterprise Data Center Distribution, Server Access Fully managed Form factor Ports Deployment environments Network tier Manageability Forwarding and routing capabilities High-speed ports PoE Layer 3# Up to 4 10 Gb-E* No * With an additional module available for the back panel O nl y # Some layer 3 functionality such as support for Open Shortest Path First (OPSF) and multicast routing require
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Examples of other HP ProCurve managed switches For companies that don’t yet need all the capabilities of a ProVision ASIC switch, HP ProCurve offers both Layer 2 and Layer 3 managed switches. Note This course includes several examples of these switches. For a complete list, visit www.hp.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview 2610 series Form factor Ports Deployment environments Network tier Manageability 2610-24PWR 261024/12PWR 2610-48 2610-48PWR Fixed Port 24 (10/100) Enterprise, SMB Access Fixed Port 24 (10/100) Enterprise, SMB Access Fixed Port 24 (10/100) Enterprise, SMB Access Fixed Port 48 (10/100) Enterprise, SMB Access Fixed Port 48 (10/100) Enterprise, SMB Access Fully managed Layer 3 Lite* Fully managed Fully managed Fully managed Layer 3 Lite* Layer 3 Lite* Layer 3 Lite*
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Examples of other HP ProCurve Managed Switches ProCurve provides Web-managed and unmanaged switches for SMBs. Webmanaged switches provide a few key features and are easy to configure. Unmanaged switches are essentially plug-and-play. Note This course includes several examples of these switches. For a complete list, visit www.hp.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview Learning check Match the definition to the term. a. Layer 2 switches ......... Support SNMP and allow you to configure each port b. Managed switches ......... Forward data at the Data Link Layer of the OSI, but not at the Network Layer c. Core switches ......... Route data at the Network Layer of the OSI d. Layer 3 switches ......... Establish the backbone of the network 3. Rev. 9.41 Match the definition to the term. Web-managed switches .........
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lesson 3 — Switch Management Introduction To help you practice implementing the technologies you learn about in this course, you will periodically be presented with a simulation of a management session with an HP ProCurve 5406zl switch. All other ProVision ASIC switches run the same switch software, so the commands you learn in this course can be applied directly to those switches as well.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview Switch management interfaces Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Like other HP ProCurve managed switches, the 5406zl switch has three management interfaces: Because the primary interface is the CLI, this course focuses on this interface. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Management access To access the CLI of an HP ProCurve managed switch for the first time, you can establish a serial connection. Or, you can allow the switch to receive a dynamic IP address on VLAN 1 (which is configured, by default, to accept a DHCP address).
HP ProCurve Switch Overview Serial connection to the switch This course includes a simulation that shows a serial connection, which requires: The serial cable that shipped with your switch Terminal emulation software such as Tera Term Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Management users You can access the CLI as one of the following users: Operator — Provides read-only access, allowing you to view statistics and configuration information y Manager — Provides read-write access, allowing you to make configuration changes as well as view statistics and configuration information te rn al U se O nl In You can protect access to the switch by configuring a password for each user.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview CLI organization The CLI is organized into different levels, or contexts. Manager — Begin to configure the switch (such as updating system software). Move to the global configuration context by entering the configure terminal command or the command shortcut config. Global configuration — Make configuration changes to any of the switch’s software features.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lab — Configure user passwords You can perform the below mentioned steps to configure passwords for the manager and operator users and save your configuration. For this simulation, a serial connection has been established with the 5406zl switch, and you are at the manager-level context. 1. Access the global configuration context. Procurve Switch 5406zl# configure terminal Note On an actual switch, you can enter command shortcuts such as config.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview Learning check 1. a. If you access the switch as the operator user, you can never access the manager context in the CLI. b. At factory default settings, the password for both the operator user and the manager user is procurve. c. From the manager context, you can only view information. d. You must access the manager context to begin configuring the switch. b. ProCurve Switch> c. ProCurve (config)# d. ProCurve (int B1)# O nl ProCurve Switch# se a.
Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Module 1 – 30 Rev. 9.
HP ProCurve Switch Overview Module 1 — Summary Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y In this module, you learned that switches can be categorized in different ways, depending on the functionality they provide, their manageability, or their form factor. You were also introduced to the HP ProCurve switch portfolio, including the ProVision ASIC switches. Finally, you learned how to access the CLI of an HP ProCurve managed switch and begin configuring it. Rev. 9.
Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Module 1 – 32 Rev. 9.
VLANs Module 2 Objectives After completing this module, you should be able to: Describe how virtual local area networks (VLANs) are used in the design of a contemporary IP network Explain how the 802.1Q standard is used in VLAN tagging Describe how tagged and untagged VLANs are used in network design Configure and verify VLANs on HP ProCurve switches Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lesson 1 — VLAN Basics VLAN Definition A local area network (LAN) is typically defined as a group of connected devices that are in close physical proximity. A virtual LAN (VLAN), on the other hand, is not defined by physical proximity. A VLAN is a logical group of devices that have been assigned to a particular subnet. VLANs can span multiple switches and can be used to segment the otherwise flat structure of a LAN.
VLANs Need for VLANs on today's network Today’s networks provide services for different types of users, such as employees, partners, and visitors. te rn al U se O nl y If all of these users are on the same subnet, security might be compromised. For example, visitors might be able to view employees’ data as it is transmitted across the network. In Diagram: Network without VLANs H P In addition, if all users and network devices are part of the same subnet, network performance may suffer.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing VLANs in today's network To protect company data and improve network performance, companies can use VLANs to segment the network: Separating each group’s data Limiting the size of broadcast domains Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Companies can create a VLAN for each group—for example, a VLAN for employees and a VLAN for guests. Module 2 – 36 Rev. 9.
VLANs Benefits of using VLANs Traffic within each VLAN is isolated from traffic transmitted in other VLANs. As a result, users in a VLAN cannot view data in another VLAN, making it more difficult for users to compromise security. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Each VLAN is a separate broadcast domain. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing IEEE 802.1Q standard VLANs are based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard. IEEE 802.1Q perform "explicit tagging": the frame itself is tagged with VLAN information, which is a 4-byte field that can be inserted into an Ethernet frame. As shown below, this field includes a VLAN ID, allowing each Ethernet frame to be identified as part of a particular VLAN. al U se O nl y 802.
VLANs rn al U se O nl y Tagged and untagged VLAN memberships In te The 802.1Q field allows switches to support multiple VLANs. To allow a switch port to transmit and receive traffic in a particular VLAN, you configure that port to be a tagged or untagged member of that VLAN. H P For untagged memberships, the Ethernet frame cannot contain the 802.1Q field. Devices that do not support 802.1Q can only be an untagged member of a VLAN.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Learning check 1. a. Tagged b. Untagged What are the benefits of using VLANs on today’s networks? (Select two.) a. Creates smaller broadcast domains. b. Improves network performance because traffic is routed, rather than switched. c. Makes the network easier to manage because you do not have to password-protect network resources such as servers. d. Strengthens security by separating traffic from different users.
VLANs Lesson 2 — VLAN Configuration Introduction This lesson explains how VLANs are implemented on HP ProCurve switches. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y It also provides a simulation to help you practice configuring VLANs on an HP ProCurve 5406zl switch. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Default VLAN At factory default settings, HP ProCurve managed switches have one VLAN, which is called the default VLAN, or VLAN 1. This is the switch’s primary VLAN. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y By default, the switch is configured to receive an IP address through DHCP on this VLAN, and all switch ports are untagged members of this VLAN. Module 2 – 42 Rev. 9.
VLANs Configuration guidelines When you configure VLANs on HP ProCurve switches, keep in mind these guidelines: A switch port can be an untagged member of only one VLAN. A port can be a tagged member of multiple VLANs. A port must be a tagged or untagged member of at least one VLAN. VLAN = subnet Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Configuration instructions O nl y As you begin configuring VLANs, you can change a port’s untagged membership simply by making the port an untagged member of a different VLAN. Fo r H P In te rn al U se You can configure a port as a tagged member of one or more VLANs without affecting the port’s existing untagged or tagged memberships in other VLANs. Module 2 – 44 Rev. 9.
VLANs IP addressing Each VLAN must be associated with at least one subnet. In this example network, VLAN 1 (the default VLAN) is associated with 10.1.1.0/24. VLAN 10 is associated with 10.1.10.0/24. VLAN 20 is associated with 10.1.1.20.0/24. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing O nl y Extension of VLANs across switches Fo r H P In te rn al U se As you have seen, a VLAN can be extended across switches. To forward VLAN traffic to another switch, the switch's uplink port must be a member of that VLAN. The uplink ports that connect two switches must have the same VLAN tagging. Module 2 – 46 Rev. 9.
VLANs Lab — Configure VLANs on a 5406zl switch You can perform the below mentioned steps to configure VLANs on a 5406zl switch. For this simulation, a serial connection has been established with the 5406zl switch, and you are at the manager-level context. 1. Move to the global configuration context. ProCurve Switch 5406zl# configure terminal 2. Create VLAN 10. ProCurve Switch 5406zl(config)# vlan 10 3. Assign VLAN 10 the IP address 10.1.10.1/24. Make port A10 a tagged member of VLAN 10. O nl 4.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Learning check a. One untagged and one tagged membership b. One tagged and multiple untagged memberships c. One untagged and multiple tagged memberships d. Multiple untagged and tagged memberships When an HP ProCurve switch is at factory default settings, what is the VLAN setting? There are no VLAN settings b. All ports are tagged members of VLAN 1 c. Regular ports are untagged members of VLAN 1; uplink ports are tagged members of VLAN 1.
VLANs Introduction In this lesson, you will learn how a switch forwards traffic that is exchanged between two devices that are in the same VLAN (or subnet). Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y You will also learn how VLAN tagging is handled as the traffic is forwarded to its final destination. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Layer 2 forwarding Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y When traffic is transmitted within a VLAN, the switch can forward the traffic at the Data Link Layer of the OSI model. As you learned in Module 1, all switches (Layer 2 and Layer 3) can forward traffic at this layer. Module 2 – 50 Rev. 9.
VLANs Example of layer 2 forwarding On this example network, a user wants to access information on the database server. Both the user’s workstation and the database server are in VLAN 10. First communication: Because the user’s workstation has not recently communicated with the server, the workstation sends an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request to discover the server’s MAC address. When the workstation’s switch receives this request, it checks its forwarding table.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing al U se O nl y Repeat communication: If the workstation has recently communicated with the server, the workstation retrieves the MAC address from its cache. te rn After discovering the server's MAC address, the workstation addresses a frame to that MAC address and sends the frame to the switch. Fo r H P In The switch checks the frame's destination MAC address and determines if it can be forwarded at Layer 2. Module 2 – 52 Rev. 9.
VLANs Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Using its forwarding table, the 5406zl switch determines that it should forward the frame to the 8212zl switch, in turn, checks its forwarding table to the switch port that is connected to the database server. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing VLAN Tagging: Scenario 1 While the switch is forwarding traffic, it is also handling VLAN tagging. In this example, the database server and the workstation that is sending traffic are connected to the 8212zl switch. Neither the workstation not the server supports 802.1Q. They are both connected on the same switch.
VLANs Server switch port Further, the server’s switch port should also be untagged because it does not support 802.1Q. U se O nl y Untagged Fo r H P In te rn al Untagged Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing VLAN Tagging: Scenario 2 You will now learn how VLAN tagging is handled when traffic is forwarded at Layer 2 between switches. Again, you will follow an Ethernet frame as it is sent from a workstation to a server. Neither the workstation nor the server support 802.1Q. The 5406zl and 8212zl switches are forwarding traffic from VLAN 10 and VLAN 1, the default VLAN.
VLANs al U se O nl y Untagged Fo r H P In te rn 5406zl switch uplink port Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing The 5406zl switch uplink port is carrying traffic for VLAN 10 and VLAN 1, the default VLAN. This port should be a tagged member of VLAN 10. te Fo r H P In 8212zl switch uplink port rn al U se O nl y Tagged VLAN10 Module 2 – 58 Rev. 9.
VLANs The tagging on directly connected ports must match. Because these switches are carrying traffic for VLAN 10 and VLAN 1, both ports must be tagged members of VLAN 10. te Fo r H P In Database server switch port rn al U se O nl y Tagged VLAN10 Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing The server does not support 802.1Q, so its switch port must be untagged. The frame can now reach its destination. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Untagged Module 2 – 60 Rev. 9.
VLANs Routing traffic between VLANs Network traffic must often be exchanged between VLANs. U se O nl y In this example, the company has designed its network so that the network administrators are in VLAN 1, employees are in VLAN 10, visitors are in VLAN 20, and data center servers are in VLAN 30. Network administrators and employees can access the servers in VLAN 30, but not visitors. rn al Exchanging data between VLANs is a Network Layer function and requires a Layer 3 switch or a router.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Learning check se O nl y Example network: On the example network, which VLAN membership must you assign the uplink ports on the 6200yl switch so that it can forward traffic from workstation A to server B? b. Untagged for VLAN 30 c. Untagged for VLAN 1 d. Tagged for VLAN 1 P In te rn Tagged for VLAN 30 If Server B on the example network does not support 802.
VLANs Module 2 — Summary Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y In this module, you learned how organizations can use VLANs to segment the network, creating smaller broadcast domains and separating user traffic into different subnets. You also learned that the 802.1Q field allows network devices such as switches to support traffic from multiple VLANs. And you were guided, step-by-step through the process a switch uses to forward traffic at Layer 2, including handling VLAN tagging. Rev. 9.
Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Module 2 – 64 Rev. 9.
Routing Module 3 Objectives After completing this module, you should be able to: Explain when a Layer 3 switch or router is required to route traffic List the basic elements of routing tables and explain the purpose of each one Describe how Layer 3 switches use static and default routes to transmit traffic to its final destination Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lesson 1 — Basic Routing Concepts al U se O nl y Routing versus switching rn In Module 2: VLANs, you learned how a switch forwards traffic at Layer 2 if a device communicates with another device in the same VLAN. te Generally each VLAN has a separate subnet. P In If a device sends traffic to a device in another VLAN, it implies that this traffic must be sent to another subnet. This traffic must be routed.
Routing se O nl y Destination IP address al U To route traffic, a Layer 3 switch or router must determine a packet’s destination IP address. Fo r H P In te rn On Ethernet networks, the switch or router examines the header of the IP packet that is encapsulated in the Ethernet frame. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Path determination: Next hop, or gateway The Layer 3 switch or router must also know the route, or path, to the destination network. te rn al U se O nl y Actually, it is more accurate to say that the switch or router must know the next hop in the route—the next device that will forward the frame onto its final destination. The next hop is also called the gateway.
Routing Types of routes Layer 3 switches and routers support two types of routes: Direct routes Indirect routes te rn al U se O nl y Direct routes are for local networks, and indirect routes are for remote networks. P In In the above network, for the 5406zl switches, the 10.1.30.0/24 network is remote. The switches would need an indirect route. Fo r H However, for the 6600 switch, the 10.1.30.0/24 network is local. The switch will, therefore, have a direct route. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing se O nl y Direct routes U Layer 3 switches and routers learn direct routes through their interfaces. rn al Path determination enables a router to compare the destination address to the available routes in its routing table, and to select the best path. te For example, in this network the 8212zl switch has been assigned the IP address 10.1.10.1/24 for VLAN 10.
Routing Indirect routes Indirect routes must be entered manually or learned through a routing protocol.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Information required for routes At a minimum, Layer 3 switches and routers require three pieces of information about every IP route: Destination network and subnet mask Gateway, or next hop Metric Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y For indirect routes, the gateway is usually the IP address (in the same VLAN) of the neighboring Layer 3 switch or router that can forward packets to the destination network.
Routing Routing table al U se O nl y Layer 3 switches and routers store IP routes in a routing table. Destination network address and subnet mask Gateway (or next hop) Interface (port, trunk, or VLAN) P H Type of route (such as entered manually or learned through a routing protocol to indicate how the route was learned) Fo r In Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lab — Configure routing on an HP ProCurve 540zl switch You can perform the below mentioned steps to configure routing on an HP ProCurve 5406zl switch. Specifically, you will: Enable IP routing Configure a static route Configure a default route View the routing table For this simulation, a serial connection has been established with the 5406zl switch, and you are at the manager-level context. Move to the global configuration context. 2.
Routing Learning check In the example network, which type of route would the 6600 switch need for the 10.1.10.0/24 network? Indirect c. Direct rn te Match the routing table element to its definition. Gateway b. Interface ............ The route’s measurement or rating c. Type of route ............ The next device in the network path that will forward the traffic to its destination H P In a. d. Rev. 9.41 U b. al Connected Fo r 2. a. se O nl y 1. Metric ............
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lesson 2 — Routing Configuration Introduction Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y You have learned that a Layer 3 switch can route traffic that is exchanged between two devices that are in different VLANs (or subnets). In this lesson, you will learn about this process in more detail by following an IP packet as it is routed between VLANs on this example network.
Routing Routing example – page 1 On this example network, a student wants to access a database server in the data center. To access this server, the student's workstation addresses an IP packet to the database server. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y The workstation must then encapsulate the IP packet in an Ethernet frame, but to do so, the workstation must supply a destination device MAC address in the Ethernet header. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing O nl y Routing example – page 2 Fo r H P In te rn al U se In Lesson 3 of Module 2: VLANs, you learned how devices can use an ARP request to discover the MAC address associated with an IP address. In this particular example, however, the workstation cannot use ARP to discover the IP address of the database server because the database server is in a different VLAN (or subnet).
Routing se O nl y Because the workstation cannot discover the database server's MAC address, it uses the MAC address of its gateway-the 8212zl switch-as the destination for the Ethernet header. U Destination MAC address: 00-1D-B3-F1-EF-40 (8212zl switch's MAC address) Fo r H P In te rn al Destination IP address: 10.1.30.101 (database server's IP address) Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Routing example – page 3 Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y The workstation sends the Ethernet frame to its directly connected switch, which is operating as a Layer 2 switch. (IP routing is not enabled). The Ethernet frame has the destination MAC address 00-1D-B3-F1-EF-40. The encapsulated IP packet has the destination IP address 10.1.30.101. The 5406zl switch checks its forwarding table for the Ethernet destination address-001D-B3-F1-EF-40.
Routing P In te rn al U se O nl y Routing example – page 4 Recognizes its own MAC address in the Ethernet header Fo r H The 5406zl switch forwards the Ethernet frame to the 8212zl switch, which: Determines that it must use Layer 3 information to make a forwarding decision Removes the Ethernet header and uses the information within the IP packet for lookup, using its routing table In this example, the 8212zl switch has a direct route for the 10.1.30.0/24 network.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing se O nl y Routing example – page 5 rn al U Now that the 8212zl switch has a direct route for the 10.1.30.0 network, the switch checks its forwarding table to see if it has an entry for the destination IP address or uses ARP to discover the MAC address. In te Because the destination network (10.1.30.
Routing se O nl y Routing example – page 6 Fo r H P In te rn al U The 6600 switch then checks its forwarding table and forwards the traffic to the database server’s switch port. For this action, the 6600 switch operating is at Layer 2. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing O nl y VLAN tagging Using the same example network, you can also see how VLAN tagging is handled for traffic that is routed at Layer 3. U se All the switches are forwarding traffic from multiple VLANs, but you will trace an IP packet that a workstation in VLAN 20 sends to a database server in VLAN 30. The workstation is not 802.1Q aware, but the database server supports this standard.
Routing 8212zl switch uplink port connected to the 5406zl switch The tagging on directly connected switch ports must match. Because these switches are carrying traffic for multiple VLANs, both ports must be tagged members of VLAN 20. 8212zl switch uplink port connected to the 6600 switch To route the traffic, the 8212zl switch removes the original Ethernet header and adds a new one, using the database server's MAC address for the destination.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Learning check a. The server's MAC address b. The MAC address of the switch to which the workstation is directly connected c. The MAC address of the default gateway for VLAN 4 d. The MAC address of the workstation's default gateway A non-802.1Q-capable workstation in VLAN 6 is sending traffic to a server in VLAN 7. How does the workstation handle VLAN tagging? It tags the traffic for VLAN 6. b. It tags the traffic for VLAN 7. c.
Routing Module 3 — Summary Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y In this module, you learned how routers and Layer 3 switches route traffic between VLANs (subnets). You learned how switches discover direct routes and store them in their route table, and you learned how to configure static and default routes, which allow the switch to forward traffic to remote networks.
Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Module 3 – 88 Rev. 9.
Link Aggregation Module 4 Objectives After completing this module, you should be able to: VLAN considerations Dynamic and static trunks Describe the basic similarities and differences between the two link aggregation technologies supported by HP ProCurve switches: Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) se HP ProCurve port trunking Configure trunking on HP ProCurve switches Fo r H P In te rn al U O nl y Explain link aggregation technology, including: Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lesson 1 — Link Aggregation Basics Introduction Link aggregation allows several physical links to be bound together as a single logical link. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y The logical link increases the bandwidth available to devices using the links. Module 4 – 90 Rev. 9.
Link Aggregation Bandwidth requirements on contemporary networks Businesses today rely on their networks for just about everything they do. Networks are delivering more services to more users, who rely on the network to do their jobs. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Network cables must carry more traffic, and users are less tolerant of delays and downtime. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Benefits of link aggregation Link aggregation ensures greater network capacity. It can be a faster and less costly solution to the bandwidth problem than installing higher-speed links. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y It also adds some resiliency to the link. If one of the links in the link aggregation group fails, the remaining links can still carry traffic. Module 4 – 92 Rev. 9.
Link Aggregation Link aggregation terminology On HP ProCurve switches, link aggregation is referred to as port trunking. al U se O nl y In Cisco switches, the aggregated links are called an EtherChannels. Fo r H P In te rn The logically bound links are called a trunk. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing U se O nl y Port trunking methods supported by HP ProCurve switches HP ProCurve Port Trunking LACP Fo r H P In te rn al HP ProCurve switches support two methods for creating trunks between switches. Module 4 – 94 Rev. 9.
Link Aggregation se O nl y HP ProCurve Port Trunking al U The HP ProCurve Port Trunking method creates static trunks. In static trunking, only those links you manually assign to the trunk belong to the trunk. rn This HP port trunking technology has been supported on ProCurve switches since the mid-1990s. Fo r H P In te This method does not use a protocol to set up the trunk. Therefore this trunking method is compatible with other trunking methods because it is statically defined. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing y LACP O nl LACP is an industry standard defined by IEEE 802.3ad. With this port trunking method, switches use a protocol to establish a link. Fo r H P In te rn al U se LACP supports either static or dynamic trunks. Static trunks require manual configuration, but switches can automatically establish dynamic trunks, simplifying the configuration.
Link Aggregation Requirements for port trunking Link aggregation requirements are: Links in a trunk must begin on the same switch. Links in a trunk must end on the same switch. With an LACP trunk, links must be configured with the same speed, duplex, and flow control. U se O nl y Fo r H P In te rn al Managed HP ProCurve switches currently support a maximum of four or eight ports in a trunk, and up to 144 trunks, depending on the switch.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Conversations Port trunking is based on conversations. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y A conversation is a one-way communication between a source and a destination device. Module 4 – 98 Rev. 9.
Link Aggregation Example of conversations For example, when a workstation sends an Ethernet frame to a server, a conversation begins. All subsequent frames from the same workstation to the same server are part of this conversation. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y For link aggregation purposes, the conversation includes only the source and destination addresses in each Ethernet frame. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Load distribution and link assignments The server’s response to the workstation is a different conversation because the source and destination addresses are different. Each switch builds a table of conversations and assigns each conversation to a link. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y With few conversations, load sharing between links is asymmetrical.
Link Aggregation Load distribution with multiple conversations Benefits of port trunking are best achieved with multiple conversations. For example, load distribution is more balanced with multiple conversations. Keep in mind that switches consider each conversation independently of others. For example, frames from different sources to the same destination could be assigned to different links. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Multiple conversations can also be assigned to the same link. Rev.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing rn al U se O nl y Broadcast traffic over port trunks Fo r H P In te The graphic above depicts the way in which a switch handles broadcast traffic that must be transmitted over a trunk. In this example, the 8212zl switch sends a broadcast frame to the 6200yl-24G. The 6200yl-24G switch forwards the frame to the 5406zl switch. Broadcast frames are transmitted through a single link in a trunk, in the same way as unicast traffic.
Link Aggregation Learning check Which of the following has the greatest impact on load distribution in a trunk? a. Adding more links to the trunk b. Adding more conversations c. Configuring all ports to be the same speed d. Making sure both switches participating in a trunk are HP ProVision ASIC switches Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y 1. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lesson 2 — Static and Dynamic Link Trunking se O nl y Introduction U A static trunk created by port trunking or LACP recognizes only those ports you manually configure as belonging to the trunk. Fo r H P In te rn al A dynamic trunk created by LACP simplifies configuration. It can also include standby links, so that if a trunked link fails, a standby link can take its place. Module 4 – 104 Rev. 9.
Link Aggregation Differences between static and dynamic trunking se O nl y Static You can configure the trunk with any settings you would normally apply to a single port. Static Trunks appear in the switch’s configuration and therefore accept any configuration parameters that would be assigned to a single port. Static trunking is supported by HP ProCurve port trunking and LACP. te rn al U Advantages In Limitations Only ports you manually configure belong to the trunk.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing O nl y Dynamic se Advantages You can configure standby links to ensure availability. The switch configures the trunk automatically, simplifying configuration. U al Limitations rn Dynamic Trunks don’t appear in the switch’s configuration, they take always default interface parameters. As a result, dynamic trunks are a less viable option for most organizations. In te Dynamic trunking is supported only by LACP.
Link Aggregation Scenario 1: Static or dynamic trunking Several links on your company's network are becoming overloaded with traffic. You want to create trunks to provide more bandwidth, but you also want to be able to manually configure VLANs and other settings on the trunks - just as you do for other links between switches. Based on what you have learned, which would you select? Static trunking b. Dynamic trunking Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y a.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Scenario 2: Static or dynamic trunking You are the IT administrator for a midsize financial services company. It will soon double its number of traders, all of whom access mission-critical data stored on data center servers. Delays or link failures could cost millions, so you configure a trunk with maximum number of links between the two switches to increase resilience and bandwidth.
Link Aggregation Scenarios note The static and dynamic scenarios outlined in this course reinforce the basic link aggregation concepts that you have learned so far in this course. In an actual network, however, you must consider additional variables when selecting static or dynamic trunking. For example: Non-standard Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and IGMP cannot be used with dynamic trunking. Dynamic trunking requires GVRP if the trunk will carry traffic for VLANs other than the default VLAN.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Learning check 1. Sort each characteristic according to the method it describes. a. HP ProCurve Port Trunking ......... Supports static trunks only b. c. LACP ......... Supports standby links d. [Fourth item] ......... Always supports configuration of a trunk as if it were a port Dynamic trunks are rarely implemented because they do not allow you to configure settings on the trunk such as VLAN assignments or quality of service. O nl y 2.
Link Aggregation Lesson 3 — Configuring a Static Trunk with Port Trunking Introduction rn al U se O nl y In this lesson, you will learn how to create a trunk between two switches. When creating a trunk, you should configure the trunk before connecting the cables. If you connect the cables before configuring the trunk, you might create network loops. Fo r H P In te When you configure HP ProCurve port trunking through the CLI, you use the trunk command. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Guidelines for configuring port trunking se O nl y Creating a trunk affects any existing VLAN tagging on the ports that you assign to the trunk. Fo r H P In te rn al Draw a new link between the switches. U When you create a trunk, it is automatically an untagged member only of the default VLAN. Module 4 – 112 Rev. 9.
Link Aggregation VLAN Configuration on Trunks If you want the trunk to carry other VLAN traffic, you must tag the trunk for those VLANs. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y With static trunking, you can configure the trunk as if it were a port. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lab — Configure a trunk on a 5406zl switch and then configure VLAN memberships for that trunk You can perform the below mentioned steps to configure a trunk on a 5406zl switch and then configure VLAN memberships for that trunk. You will begin the simulation at the manager-level context in the switch CLI. 1. View the switch's running-config (its current configuration settings) to see the VLAN memberships for ports A10 and A18.
Link Aggregation Learning check 1. 2. You have just learned to configure a trunk on ports 1, 2, and 3 of an HP ProCurve switch. Which VLAN memberships does the newly formed trunk have? a. All the VLANs memberships ports 1,2, and 3 had before the trunk was configured b. All VLANs that ports 1,2, and 3 had in common before the trunk was configured c. No VLAN memberships d. The default VLAN HP ProCurve port trunking supports both static and dynamic trunks.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lesson 4 — Configuring a Dynamic Trunk with LACP Introduction This lesson describes the basic LACP configuration, including: Enabling LACP Configuring the ports to support active or passive LACP, which determines the role each port plays in the creation of a link Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y (For more advanced configuration options, refer to your switch documentation.) Module 4 – 116 Rev. 9.
Link Aggregation Active and Passive LACP LACP is disabled by default on HP ProCurve switches. When you enable LACP on a port, you define it as active or passive. BPDUs (bridge protocol data unit) are data messages that are exchanged across the switches to detect loops in a network topology. BPDUs allow for switches to obtain information about each other. Ports set to active LACP transmit BPDUs to advertise that they can create trunks. Ports set to passive LACP listen for BPDUs.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing LACP Trunk Negotiation Ports on which LACP is enabled read the MAC address field of received BPDUs. When it receives several BPDUs with the same MAC address, the switch knows it is connected to an LACP-enabled device. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y The switches then negotiate a trunk. Module 4 – 118 Rev. 9.
Link Aggregation Lab — Configure ports on 5406zl switch as part of a dynamic trunk created through LACP You can perform the below mentioned steps to configure several ports on a 5406zl switch as part of a dynamic trunk that will be created through LACP. You will specify if each port operates as an active or passive LACP port. 1. Move to the global configuration context. ProCurve Switch 5406zl# configure terminal 2.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Learning check 1. A switch in active LACP mode advertises its ability to negotiate trunks. True Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y False Module 4 – 120 Rev. 9.
Link Aggregation Module 4 — Summary Summary In this module, you learned how to increase bandwidth between switches by using HP ProCurve Port Trunking or LACP to create a trunk. Further, you were introduced to two types of trunks, static and dynamic, and discovered that static trunks have a distinct advantage over dynamic trunks. Namely, you can configure static trunks with the same settings you use to configure ports - settings that are not available with dynamic trunks.
Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Module 4 – 122 Rev. 9.
Redundant Links Module 5 Objectives After completing this module, you should be able to: Explain how STP, RSTP, and MSTP are used on today’s networks Describe how HP ProCurve switch meshing can be used to improve availability while increasing capacity within a Layer 2 switched network Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Compare Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Rapid Reconfiguration Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Lesson 1 — STP Introduction Networks deliver critical services to users. If a network link fails, those services become unavailable, and users cannot do their jobs. A network link can fail due to reasons such as: Module failure Cable severed or damaged Switch or power failure te rn al U se O nl y Fo r H P In To protect the network from these types of failures, you can install redundant links.
Redundant Links P In te rn al U se O nl y Redundant link technology Fo r H Simply adding redundant physical links, however, will create network loops, resulting in broadcast storms. Indeed, as broadcasts are forwarded by switches out every port, the switches will repeatedly rebroadcast broadcast messages and flood the network. For an Ethernet network to function properly, only one active path can exist between two devices. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing To recognize redundant links and control how they are used, HP ProCurve managed switches support: Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) HP ProCurve switch meshing Both increase network availability and prevent network loops, but each is implemented differently. Lessons 1–4 in this module explain how STP functions, while lesson 5 covers switch meshing.
Redundant Links O nl y STP overview se Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) is an industry-standard link management protocol that supports path redundancy while preventing undesirable network loops. STP automatically detects redundant links, calculates the lowest cost path (or preferred path) through the network, and then blocks all other redundant links. Fo r H P In te rn al U If a link in the preferred network path fails, STP changes the state of a blocked link to enable a new path. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing STP convergence In spanning-tree terminology, the process of detecting redundant links and calculating a preferred network path is called convergence. The first step in the convergence process is to elect a root bridge, which serves as the central point (or root) of the STP network. The root bridge is also responsible for notifying other switches of any STP changes.
Redundant Links Bridge priority Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y You can configure a priority value to determine the bridge ID (as shown in this example), or you can leave the priority value at the default setting and allow the switches to use MAC address to elect a root bridge. If you choose the second option, the switches will elect the switch with the lowest MAC address as the root bridge. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Root path Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y After electing a root bridge, the switches continue to exchange BPDUs. At this point, however, the switches use the BDPUs to calculate the lowest-cost path from their ports to the root bridge. This path is also called the root path, and the port that leads to the root path is called the root port. Module 5 – 130 Rev. 9.
Redundant Links Link costs To calculate path costs, switches add the costs of all the links in the path. STP assigns each link a cost, based on its speed. The higher the port speed, the lower the cost. In te rn al U se O nl y The following illustration shows the comparison of the cost of each path of the root bridge. Fo r H P Note These are the root costs specified in the updated standard Rapid Reconfiguration Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), which you will learn more about in Lesson 3. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Using the bridge ID as a tie-breaker After exchanging BPDUs with other switches, a switch might find that two paths have the same lowest cost. In this case, the switch uses the bridge ID of its STP neighbors as a tie-breaker. The neighbor with the lowest bridge ID has the lowest-cost path to the root bridge.
Redundant Links y Using the port ID as a tie-breaker se O nl In some cases, switches cannot use the bridge ID as the tie-breaker to determine the lowest-cost path. In the network below, for example, Switch B and Switch C are connected by two redundant links. U Because the STP neighbor for both paths has the same bridge ID, the switch uses the port ID, which is another field in the BPDU, as the tie-breaker. Fo r H P In te rn al The port with the lowest port ID is the lowest-cost path. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Learning check a. They exchange BPDUs to identify the device with the lowest port ID. b. They exchange BPDUs to identify the device with the highest MAC address. c. They exchange BPDUs to identify the device with the lowest bridge ID. d. They exchange BPDUs to identify the device with the highest bridge priority. How does STP assign costs to a route by default? Adds the number of hops between the destination and the source device b.
Redundant Links Lesson 2 — RSTP and MSTP y Introduction O nl The original STP standard had some limitations. For example, convergence was slow, requiring 30 to 50 seconds. In addition, STP was not VLAN aware, so without careful planning, VLANs could potentially be isolated on an STP network. U se Rapid Reconfiguration Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) addressed some of these limitations, including reducing convergence time. RSTP superseded STP as the standard in 1998.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing RSTP enhancements RSTP uses the same process that STP uses to elect a root bridge and identify the root path. However, RSTP enables faster convergence after a topology change. With RSTP, convergence can occur in 1 second or less, but will typically occur within 6 seconds. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y With STP, on the other hand, convergence can take up to 50 seconds. RSTP also allows faster transition of ports to a forwarding state.
Redundant Links se O nl y MSTP enhancements al U Although RSTP resolved most of STP’s limitations, it did not make the protocol VLAN aware. MSTP was designed to provide this capability while still delivering fast convergence if a switch, port, or link fails. In te rn MSTP supports multiple STP instances on the same network, and each instance can include one or more VLANs. When a port belongs to multiple VLANs, it may be blocked in one instance, but forwarded in another.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Learning check b. RSTP c. MSTP d. RSTP and MSTP How quickly does RSTP convergence occur? Between 1 and 5 minutes b. Between 30 seconds and 1 minute c. Between 10 and 30 seconds d. Under 6 seconds O nl y a. Identify the correct description of STP. Designed to make the protocol VLAN aware b. Added faster convergence c. Original version of the protocol d. Backward compatible with earlier versions e.
Redundant Links Lesson 3 — STP and RSTP configuration Introduction This lesson outlines the main steps for configuring STP or RSTP on an HP ProCurve managed switch. te rn al U se O nl y The first step is enabling the protocol by entering the spanning-tree command from the switch's command line interface (CLI). In Depending upon the switch software and the hardware platform, some HP ProCurve switches default to RSTP when you enable spanning tree.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Bridge and port IDs Once you enable STP, you may want to configure two of the STP options that affect convergence: bridge priority and port priority. The switches include these values in the BPDU: Bridge ID = bridge priority + switch’s MAC address O nl y Port ID = port priority + port number se Switches use the bridge ID to select the root bridge and the root path.
Redundant Links Default bridge priority In te rn al U se O nl y Because of the bridge priority's importance in the election of a root bridge, this lesson focuses on configuring this option. If you do not configure a bridge priority for a switch, it will use the default bridge priority, which is 32768.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Changing the bridge priority In an RSTP implementation, you set the bridge priority to a number between 0-15, and each number increments the actual bridge priority by 4096. For the default bridge priority of 32768, the setting is 8 (8 times 4096 equals 32768). U se O nl y On the example network, we have changed the bridge priority setting of the switch E so that it is elected as the root bridge.
Redundant Links Lab — Enable STP on a 5406zl switch and configure a bridge priority of 0 to make this switch the root bridge You can perform the below mentioned steps to enable STP on a 5406zl switch and configure a bridge priority of 0 to make this switch the root bridge. You will then use the show spanning-tree command to view information about the STP network. For this simulation, a serial connection has been established with the 5406zl switch, and you are at the manager-level context. 1.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Considerations for VLANs Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Defining options that affect convergence is only one aspect of configuring STP or RSTP. You must also ensure that once you enable these protocols, your VLAN traffic continues to be forwarded as needed between switches.
Redundant Links VLAN configuration on an STP or RSTP network How can you prevent VLANs from becoming isolated on an STP or RSTP network? You must first determine which VLAN traffic must be transmitted across the active links on each switch and then check the VLAN memberships on the related ports. Keep in mind that if an active link fails, a blocked link must be able to transmit and receive the same VLAN traffic.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Learning check Based on the information provided about this network, select the root bridge. 2. Match the correct term to its definition. O nl y 1. The switch with the lowest bridge ID in a spanning tree ......... Root Bridge b. The switch port in the lowest cost path that leads to the root bridge ......... Root Path c. The lowest cost path between a ......... Root port switch and the root bridge Fo r H P In te rn al U se a.
Redundant Links Lesson 4 — MSTP Configuration Introduction You have learned that MSTP was designed to improve the spanning tree protocol's support for VLANs. You have also learned that MSTP allows you to create multiple instances of STP and assign specific VLANs to each instance. In the network below, for example, two instances have been created: One instance for VLAN 10 and one instance for VLAN 20.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing MSTP instances With MSTP, each instance converges independently of other instances defined on the network. As a result, each instance can have a different root bridge and block different redundant links. Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y In the following example, switches in instance 1 elect Switch B as the root bridge. Each switch then calculates the lowest-cost path to the root bridge, resulting in the root paths shown here.
Redundant Links se O nl y In instance 2, switch A has the lowest bridge priority. The switches in instance 2, therefore, elect switch A as the root bridge. As you can see, instance 2 has a different root bridge and different root paths than instance 1. Fo r H P In te rn al U Note In this figure, two lines are used to indicate that traffic from two VLANs is being transmitted over the same cable. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing High-availability and increased capacity With MSTP, a link can be active for instance, but blocked for another instance. On this network, for example, the links between switches A and C and A and D are blocked for instance 1 but active for instance 2. The ports for these links will have a different state for each instance. U se O nl y The graphic below shows the dual states of the port on switch C.
Redundant Links MSTP regions A group of switches that collectively define multiple instances is called an MSTP region. Within the same region, each switch must have the following configuration attributes in common: Configuration name Configuration revision number Associations between VLANs and MSTP instances Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y When configuring MSTP on your network, you should be aware that each switch can belong to only one MSTP region.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing se O nl y Defining MSTP regions Fo r H P In te rn al U In addition to using BPDUs to exchange bridge ID and port ID, switches use BPDUs to communicate their configuration attributes. If a neighbor's configuration attributes match its own, the switch knows that the neighbor is in the same MSTP region. Module 5 – 152 Rev. 9.
Redundant Links U se O nl y MSTP Instances and the Internal Spanning Tree (IST) Fo r H P In te rn al When MSTP is enabled, all of the VLANs configured on the switch belong to the Internal Spanning Tree (IST), which is the default STP instance within the MSTP region. Likewise, if you later create a VLAN on the switch, it is added to the IST. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing U se O nl y When you configure an MSTP instance and assign a VLAN to it, the VLAN is moved from the IST to the instance. Fo r H P In te rn al At least one VLAN must remain in the IST to ensure connectivity in case of a configuration error. VLAN 1 often remains a member of the IST. Module 5 – 154 Rev. 9.
Redundant Links y MSTP interoperability with RSTP and STP O nl Newer HP ProCurve switches, including the ProVision ASIC switches, default to MSTP when you enable STP. Fo r H P In te rn al U se MSTP is backward-compatible with RSTP and STP. MSTP can sense if RSTP or STP is running on the network and emulate either one. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Learning check a. MSTP calculates the least costly route through a network. b. MSTP makes the protocol VLAN aware. c. MSTP enables faster convergence after a topology change. d. MSTP supports multiple spanning tree instances. e. MSTP enables each instance to converge independently of the other instances.
Redundant Links Lesson 5 — Switch Meshing se O nl y Introduction Fo r H P In te rn al U Switch meshing is a patented HP ProCurve Networking technology that enables redundant links, while eliminating network loops. In addition to eliminating a single point of failure, switch meshing is designed to increase bandwidth utilization and improve network performance by reducing congestion and load-balancing traffic across redundant links. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Switch mesh domain In switch meshing, multiple switches are redundantly linked together to form a meshing domain. rn al U se O nl y In a fully connected mesh domain, each switch is directly connected to every other switch: Fo r H P In te In a partially connected mesh domain, only some switches are directly connected to each other, as shown in the example below. Module 5 – 158 Rev. 9.
Redundant Links al U se O nl y Mesh links rn Switch meshing is configured on a port-by-port basis. Fo r H P In te Several ports on a switch can belong to a switch mesh while others do not. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Rules of operation U se O nl y You should be aware of some operational guidelines for implementing a switch mesh. The most important one is that switches in a mesh domain cannot perform IP routing. For example, the mesh domain shown here would need to be connected to a router or routing switch, which would route traffic as needed. A switch can support a maximum of 24 meshed ports. Meshed links must be point-to-point switch links.
Redundant Links O nl y Selecting a preferred path U se When the meshing domain is established, the switches in that domain use the meshing protocol to gather information about the available paths and to determine the best path between switches. te Port speed, based on factors such as 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1000 Mbps (or 1 Gbps), 10 Gbps, full-duplex, or half-duplex H Inbound queue depth, which is the inbound traffic the switch is waiting to process on a port.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Conversation-based load balancing Unlike STP, however, switch meshing does not permanently block the unused path between two switches. Within a meshing domain, all the paths between switches remain open, and switches can distribute traffic across these available paths as needed to maintain the same latency from path to path. Switch meshing enables conversation-based load sharing.
Redundant Links Broadcast traffic on meshed networks To prevent broadcast storms in a mesh domain, each switch identifies a broadcast path when the mesh domain is established. al U se O nl y Each switch can have a different broadcast path. Fo r H P In te rn The broadcast path for each switch remains the same unless a switch or port fails. Rev. 9.
Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Learning check 1. How does a switch that supports meshing treat broadcast traffic? a. It never sends the broadcast on any meshed ports. b. It sends the broadcast out the meshed ports that belong to its broadcast path. c. It sends the broadcast out all meshed ports. d. It sends the broadcast out only to its non-meshed ports. 2. Which three factors do the switches in a mesh domain consider when they select a preferred path? (Select three) a.
Redundant Links Module 5 — Summary In this module, you learned about three STP revisions: STP, the original standard RSTP, which significantly decreased convergence time MSTP, which made the protocol VLAN aware You also found out how switches on an STP network elect a root bridge and then identify the lowest cost path to that root bridge. And you learned how you can configure the root priority to determine which switch is elected root bridge.
Fo r H P In te rn al U se O nl y Getting Started with HP ProCurve Switching and Routing Module 5 – 166 Rev. 9.
