Multicast and Routing Guide 2900 ProCurve Switches T.11.XX www.procurve.
ProCurve Switch 2900 August 2006 T.11.
© Copyright 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. All Rights Reserved. Disclaimer This document contains proprietary information, which is protected by copyright. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated into another language without the prior written consent of HewlettPackard.
Contents Product Documentation About Your Switch Manual Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Feature Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii 1 Getting Started Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IGMP Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 IGMP Operating Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Basic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Number of IP Multicast Addresses Allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How ARP Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 Enabling Proxy ARP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 Configuring Forwarding Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 Changing the TTL Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 Enabling Forwarding of Directed Broadcasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 Configuring ICMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37 DHCP Packet Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38 Unicast Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38 Broadcast Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38 Minimum Requirements for DHCP Relay Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39 Enabling DHCP Relay . . . . . . . . . . .
Product Documentation About Your Switch Manual Set The switch manual set includes the following documentation: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Note Read Me First—a printed guide shipped with your switch. Provides software update information, product notes, and other information. Installation and Getting Started Guide—a printed guide shipped with your switch. This guide explains how to prepare for and perform the physical installation and connect the switch to your network.
Product Documentation Feature Index For the manual set supporting your switch model, the following feature index indicates which manual to consult for information on a given software feature. Feature Management Advanced and Traffic Configuration Management 802.1Q VLAN Tagging 802.1p Priority Multicast and Routing Access Security Guide X X 802.
Product Documentation Feature Management Advanced and Traffic Configuration Management Flow Control (802.
Product Documentation Feature Management Advanced and Traffic Configuration Management PCM X Ping X Port Configuration X Port Monitoring Multicast and Routing X Port Security X Port Status X Port Trunking (LACP) X Port-Based Access Control Port-Based Priority (802.
Product Documentation Feature Management Advanced and Traffic Configuration Management Syslog X System Information X TACACS+ Authentication Access Security Guide X Telnet Access X TFTP X Time Protocols (TimeP, SNTP) X Traffic/Security Filters Troubleshooting Multicast and Routing X X VLANs X VLAN Mirroring (1 static VLAN) X Web Authentication RADIUS Support X Web-based Authentication X Web UI X Xmodem X xi
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1 Getting Started Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Feature Descriptions by Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Command Syntax Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Command Prompts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Getting Started Introduction Introduction This Management and Configuration Guide is intended for use with the following switches: ■ ProCurve Switch 2900-24G ■ ProCurve Switch 2900-48G This guide describes how to use the command line interface (CLI), Menu interface, and web browser to configure, manage, monitor, and troubleshoot switch operation. For an overview of other product documentation for the above switches, refer to “Product Documentation” on page vii.
Getting Started Conventions Command Syntax Statements Syntax: ip default-gateway < ip-addr > Syntax: show interfaces [port-list ] ■ Vertical bars ( | ) separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements. ■ Square brackets ( [ ] ) indicate optional elements. ■ Braces ( < > ) enclose required elements. ■ ■ Braces within square brackets ( [ < > ] ) indicate a required element within an optional choice.
Getting Started Conventions Screen Simulations Displayed Text. Figures containing simulated screen text and command output look like this: ProCurve> show version Image stamp: /sw/code/build/info March 1, 2006 13:43:13 T.11.01 139 ProCurve> Figure 1-1. Example of a Figure Showing a Simulated Screen In some cases, brief command-output sequences appear without figure identification.
Getting Started Sources for More Information Sources for More Information For additional information about switch operation and features not covered in this guide, consult the following sources: ■ Note Feature Index—For information on which product manual to consult for a given software feature, refer to the “Feature Index” on page viii. For the latest version of all ProCurve switch documentation, including Release Notes covering recently added features, visit the ProCurve Networking Web Site at www.
Getting Started Sources for More Information ■ ■ ■ ■ 1-6 Management and Configuration Guide—Use this guide for information on topics such as: • various interfaces available on the switch • memory and configuration operation • interface access • IP addressing • time protocols • port configuration, trunking, and traffic control • SNMP, LLDP, and other network management topics • file transfers, switch monitoring, troubleshooting, and MAC address management Advanced Traffic Management Guid
Getting Started Sources for More Information Getting Documentation From the Web 1. Go to the ProCurve Networking Web Site at www.procurve.com 2. Click on Technical support. 3. Click on Product manuals. 4. Click on the product for which you want to view or download a manual. Online Help If you need information on specific parameters in the menu interface, refer to the online help provided in the interface.
Getting Started Need Only a Quick Start? If you need information on specific features in the ProCurve Web Browser Interface (hereafter referred to as the “web browser interface”), use the online help available for the web browser interface. For more information on web browser Help options, refer to “Online Help for the ProCurve Web Browser Interface” in the Management and Configuration Guide. If you need further information on ProCurve switch technology, visit the ProCurve Networking web site at: www.
Getting Started To Set Up and Install the Switch in Your Network To Set Up and Install the Switch in Your Network Physical Installation Use the ProCurve Installation and Getting Started Guide (shipped with the switch) for the following: ■ ■ ■ ■ Notes, cautions, and warnings related to installing and using the switch and its related modules Instructions for physically installing the switch in your network Quickly assigning an IP address and subnet mask, set a Manager password, and (optionally) configure
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2 Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) Contents Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 IGMP General Operation and Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 IGMP Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 IGMP Operating Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Basic Operation . . . . . .
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) Overview Overview This chapter describes multimedia traffic control with IP multicast (IGMP) to reduce unnecessary bandwidth usage on a per-port basis, and how to configure it with the switch’s built-in interfaces: For general information on how to use the switch’s built-in interfaces, refer to these chapters in the Management and Configuration Guide for your switch: Note 2-2 ■ Chapter 3, “Using the Menu Interface” ■ Chapter 4, “Using the Command Li
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) IGMP General Operation and Features IGMP General Operation and Features IGMP Features Feature Default Menu CLI view igmp configuration n/a — page 2-7 show igmp status for multicast groups used by the selected VLAN n/a — Yes enabling or disabling IGMP (Requires VLAN ID Context) disabled — page 2-9 per-port packet control auto — page 2-10 IGMP traffic priority normal — page 2-11 querier enabled — page 2-11 fast-leave disabled —
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) IGMP General Operation and Features Note IGMP configuration on the switches covered in this guide operates at the VLAN context level. If you are not using VLANs, then configure IGMP in VLAN 1 (the default VLAN) context. IGMP Terms ■ ■ ■ 2-4 IGMP Device: A switch or router running IGMP traffic control features. IGMP Host: An end-node device running an IGMP (multipoint, or multicast communication) application.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) IGMP General Operation and Features IGMP Operating Features Basic Operation In the factory default configuration, IGMP is disabled. To enable IGMP ■ ■ If multiple VLANs are not configured, you configure IGMP on the default VLAN (DEFAULT_VLAN; VID = 1). If multiple VLANs are configured, you configure IGMP on a per-VLAN basis for every VLAN where this feature is to be used.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) IGMP General Operation and Features Notes Whenever IGMP is enabled, the switch generates an Event Log message indicating whether querier functionality is enabled. IP multicast traffic groups are identified by IP addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Also, incoming IGMP packets intended for reserved, or “well-known” multicast addresses automatically flood through all ports (except the port on which the packets entered the switch).
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) CLI: Configuring and Displaying IGMP CLI: Configuring and Displaying IGMP IGMP Commands Used in This Section show ip igmp configuration page 2-7 ip igmp page 2-9 high-priority-forward page 2-11 auto <[ethernet] page 2-10 blocked <[ethernet] page 2-10 forward <[ethernet] page 2-10 querier page 2-11 show ip igmp Refer to the section titled “Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Status” in appendix B of
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) CLI: Configuring and Displaying IGMP For example, suppose you have the following VLAN and IGMP configurations on the switch: VLAN ID VLAN Name IGMP Enabled Forward with High Priority Querier 1 DEFAULT_VLAN Yes No No 22 VLAN-2 Yes Yes Yes 33 VLAN-3 No No No You could use the CLI to display this data as follows: Figure 2-1.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) CLI: Configuring and Displaying IGMP Enabling or Disabling IGMP on a VLAN. You can enable IGMP on a VLAN, along with the last-saved or default IGMP configuration (whichever was most recently set), or you can disable IGMP on a selected VLAN. Syntax: [no] ip igmp Enables IGMP on a VLAN. Note that this command must be executed in a VLAN context. For example, here are methods to enable and disable IGMP on the default VLAN (VID = 1).
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) CLI: Configuring and Displaying IGMP Configuring Per-Port IGMP Traffic Filters. Syntax: vlan < vid > ip igmp [auto < port-list > | blocked < port-list > | forward < port-list >] Used in the VLAN context, this command specifies how each port should handle IGMP traffic. (Default: auto.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) CLI: Configuring and Displaying IGMP Configuring IGMP Traffic Priority. Syntax: vlan < vid > ip igmp high-priority-forward This command assigns “high” priority to IGMP traffic or returns a high-priority setting to “normal” priority. (The traffic will be serviced at its inbound priority.) (Default: normal.) ProCurve(config)# vlan 1 ip igmp high-priority-forward Configures high priority for IGMP traffic on VLAN 1.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates How IGMP Operates The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is an internal protocol of the Internet Protocol (IP) suite. IP manages multicast traffic by using switches, multicast routers, and hosts that support IGMP. (In Hewlett-Packard’s implementation of IGMP, a multicast router is not necessary as long as a switch is configured to support IGMP with the querier feature enabled.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates in the join request is determined by the requesting application running on the IGMP client.) When a networking device with IGMP enabled receives the join request for a specific group, it forwards any IP multicast traffic it receives for that group through the port on which the join request was received. When the client is ready to leave the multicast group, it sends a Leave Group message to the network and ceases to be a group member.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates IGMP Function Available With IP Addressing Available Operating Differences Without an IP Address Configured on the VLAN Without IP Addressing? Configure IGMP traffic forwarding to normal or high-priority forwarding. Yes None Age-Out IGMP group addresses when the last IGMP client on a port in the VLAN leaves the group. Yes Support Fast-Leave IGMP and Forced FastLeave IGMP (below).
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates leave. The Querier will continue to transmit the multicast group during this short time, and because the group is no longer registered the switch will then flood the multicast group to all ports. On ProCurve switches that do support Data-Driven IGMP (“Smart” IGMP), when unregistered multicasts are received the switch automatically filters (drops) them.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates In the next figure, automatic Fast-Leave operates on the switch ports for IGMP clients “3A” and “5A”, but not on the switch port for IGMP clients “7A” and 7B, Server “7C”, and printer “7D”. Fast-Leave IGMP automatically operates on the ports connected to IGMP clients 3A and 5A, but does not operate on the port connected to Switch 7X because the switch detects multiple end nodes on that port.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates Configuring Fast-Leave IGMP. Syntax: [no] ip igmp fastleave < port-list > Enables IGMP fast-leaves on the specified ports in the selected VLAN. The no form of the command disables IGMP fast-leave on the specified ports in the selected VLAN. Use show running to display the ports per-VLAN on which Fast-Leave is disabled.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates Configuring Delayed Group Flush When enabled, this feature continues to filter IGMP groups for a specified additional period of time after IGMP leaves have been sent. The delay in flushing the group filter prevents unregistered traffic from being forwarded by the server during the delay period. In practice, this is rarely necessary on the switches covered in this guide, which support data-driven IGMP.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates 1. Routing Switch 1 is configured with the IGMP proxy forwarding function to forward joins towards Border Router 1. Routing Switch 1 is also configured to forward joins from VLAN 1 toward Border Router 2, as is VLAN 4 on Routing Switch 3. 2. VLAN 2 on Routing Switch 2 is configured to forward joins toward Border Router 1. 3. When the host connected in VLAN 1 issues an IGMP join for multicast address 235.1.1.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates 4. Routing Switch 2 then proxies the IGMP join into VLAN 3, which is connected to Border Router 1. 5. Border Router 1 uses PIM-SM to find and connect to the multicast traffic for the requested traffic. The traffic is flooded into the PIM-DM network where it is routed to the original joining host. 6. Additionally, the join was proxied from Routing Switch 3 to Border Router 2.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates The following example shows the IGMP proxy border IP address (111.11.111.111) being configured. ProCurve(config)# igmp-proxy-domain Bob 111.11.111.111 Figure 2-5. An example of the IGMP Proxy Border IP Address Command The example below shows the lower and upper boundaries of the multicast address range associated with the domain named Bob. ProCurve(config)# igmp-proxy-domain Bob 111.11.111.111 234.0.0.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates IGMP Proxy Show Command Syntax: show igmp-proxy < entries | domains | vlans > Shows the currently active IGMP proxy entries, domains, or vlans. ProCurve(config)# show igmp-proxy entries Total number of multicast routes: 2 Multicast Address ----------------234.43.209.12 235.22.22.12 226.44.3.3 Border Address -------------192.168.1.1 15.43.209.1 192.168.1.1 VID ----1 1 2 Multicast Domain -----George SAM George Figure 2-7.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates ProCurve(config)# show igmp-proxy vlans IGMP PROXY VLANs VID -----1 1 1 2 4 4 Multicast Domain ---------------George Sam Jane George George Bill Active entries -------------1 1 0 1 0 0 Figure 2-9. Example Showing Active IGMP Proxy VLANs Operating Notes for IGMP Proxy Forwarding ■ You can configure up to 12 multicast domains.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates ■ ■ Caution 2-24 You must remove all VLAN associations with the domain name before that domain name can be removed. The appropriate border routers must be used for each VLAN, or PIM-DM will not forward the traffic. This could occur when multiple border routers exist.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) How IGMP Operates PIM SM DOMAIN Routing Switch 1 (Border router) PIM DM DOMAIN VLAN 1 Proxy VLAN 2 to 1 Routing Switch 2 Routing Switch 3 Proxy VLAN 1 to 2 VLAN 2 Figure 2-10.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) Using the Switch as Querier Using the Switch as Querier The function of the IGMP Querier is to poll other IGMP-enabled devices in an IGMP-enabled VLAN to elicit group membership information. The switch performs this function if there is no other device in the VLAN, such as a multicast router, to act as Querier.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) Excluding Well-Known or Reserved Multicast Addresses from IP Multicast Filtering Excluding Well-Known or Reserved Multicast Addresses from IP Multicast Filtering Each multicast host group is identified by a single IP address in the range of 224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255. Specific groups of consecutive addresses in this range are termed “well-known” addresses and are reserved for predefined host groups.
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP) Excluding Well-Known or Reserved Multicast Addresses from IP Multicast Filtering Notes: IP Multicast Filters. This operation applies to the ProCurve 2900 switches, the Series 5400zl switches, the Series 3500yl switches, the switch 6200yl, the Series 5300xl switches, as well as the 1600M, 2400M, 2424M, 4000M, and 8000M, but not to the Series 2500, 2650, Series 4100gl, Series 4200vl, or 6108 switches (which do not have static traffic/security filters).
3 IP Routing Features Contents Overview of IP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 IP Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 IP Tables and Caches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 IP Global Parameters for Routing Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 IP Interface Parameters for Routing Switches . . . . . . . . . . .
IP Routing Features Contents UDP Broadcast Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40 Subnet Masking for UDP Forwarding Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41 Configuring and Enabling UDP Broadcast Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42 Displaying the Current IP Forward-Protocol Configuration . . . . . . .
IP Routing Features Overview of IP Routing Overview of IP Routing The switches covered in this guide offer the following IP routing features, as noted: ■ ■ ■ IP Static Routes – up to 16 static routes IRDP (ICMP Router Discovery Protocol) – advertises the IP addresses of the routing interfaces on this switch to directly attached host systems DHCP Relay – allows you to extend the service range of your DHCP server beyond its single local network segment Throughout this chapter, the switches covered in this
IP Routing Features Overview of IP Routing IP Interfaces On the routing switches, IP addresses are associated with individual VLANs. By default, there is a single VLAN (Default_VLAN) on the routing switch. In that configuration, a single IP address serves as the management access address for the entire device. If routing is enabled on the routing switch, the IP address on the single VLAN also acts as the routing interface. Each IP address on a routing switch must be in a different sub-net.
IP Routing Features Overview of IP Routing ARP Cache Table The ARP cache contains entries that map IP addresses to MAC addresses. Generally, the entries are for devices that are directly attached to the routing switch. An exception is an ARP entry for an interface-based static IP route that goes to a destination that is one or more router hops away.
IP Routing Features Overview of IP Routing Administrative Distance. The IP route table contains the best path to a destination. When the software receives paths from more than one of the sources listed above, the software compares the administrative distance of each path and selects the path with the lowest administrative distance. The administrative distance is a protocol-independent value from 1 – 255.
IP Routing Features Overview of IP Routing IP Global Parameters for Routing Switches The following table lists the IP global parameters and the page where you can find more information about each parameter. Table 3-1. IP Global Parameters for Routing Switches Parameter Description Default See page Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) A standard IP mechanism that routers use to learn the Media Access Control (MAC) address of a device on the network.
IP Routing Features Overview of IP Routing 3-8 Parameter Description Default See page ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) An IP protocol that a router can use to advertise the IP addresses of its router interfaces to directly attached hosts. You can enable or disable the protocol at the Global CLI Config level. You also can enable or disable IRDP and configure the following protocol parameters on an individual VLAN interface basis at the VLAN Interface CLI Config level.
IP Routing Features Overview of IP Routing IP Interface Parameters for Routing Switches 3-2 lists the interface-level IP parameters for routing switches. Table 3-2. IP Interface Parameters – Routing Switches Parameter Description Default See page IP address A Layer 3 network interface address; separate IP addresses on individual VLAN interfaces. None configured ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) Locally overrides the global IRDP settings. See table 31 on page 3-7 for global IRDP information.
IP Routing Features Configuring IP Parameters for Routing Switches Configuring IP Parameters for Routing Switches The following sections describe how to configure IP parameters. Some parameters can be configured globally while others can be configured on individual VLAN interfaces. Some parameters can be configured globally and overridden for individual VLAN interfaces. Note This section describes how to configure IP parameters for routing switches.
IP Routing Features Configuring IP Parameters for Routing Switches table or forwarding cache. The routing switch needs to know the MAC address that corresponds with the IP address of either the packet’s locally attached destination or the next-hop router that leads to the destination.
IP Routing Features Configuring IP Parameters for Routing Switches routers, including ProCurve routing switches, can be configured to reply to ARP requests from one network on behalf of devices on another network. See “Enabling Proxy ARP” below.
IP Routing Features Configuring IP Parameters for Routing Switches Configuring Forwarding Parameters The following configurable parameters control the forwarding behavior of ProCurve routing switches: ■ Time-To-Live (TTL) threshold ■ Forwarding of directed broadcasts All these parameters are global and thus affect all IP interfaces configured on the routing switch. To configure these parameters, use the procedures in the following sections.
IP Routing Features Configuring IP Parameters for Routing Switches To disable the directed broadcasts, enter the following CLI command: ProCurve(config)# no ip directed-broadcast Configuring ICMP You can configure the following ICMP limits: ■ ■ Burst-Normal – The maximum number of ICMP replies to send per second. Reply Limit – You can enable or disable ICMP reply rate limiting.
IP Routing Features Configuring IP Parameters for Routing Switches Syntax: [no] ip icmp echo broadcast-request If you need to re-enable response to ping requests, enter the following command: ProCurve(config)# ip icmp echo broadcast-request Disabling ICMP Destination Unreachable Messages By default, when a ProCurve device receives an IP packet that the device cannot deliver, the device sends an ICMP Unreachable message back to the host that sent the packet.
IP Routing Features Configuring Static IP Routes Syntax: [no] ip icmp unreachable Disabling ICMP Redirects You can disable ICMP redirects on the ProCurve routing switch only on a global basis, for all the routing switch interfaces.
IP Routing Features Configuring Static IP Routes Other Sources of Routes in the Routing Table The IP route table can also receive routes from these other sources: ■ ■ Directly-connected networks: One route is created per IP interface. When you add an IP interface, the routing switch automatically creates a route for the network the interface is in. Default route: This is a specific static route that the routing switch uses if other routes to the destination are not available.
IP Routing Features Configuring Static IP Routes Static Route States Follow VLAN States IP static routes remain in the IP route table only so long as the IP interface to the next-hop router is up. If the next-hop interface goes down, the software removes the static route from the IP route table. If the next-hop interface comes up again, the software adds the route back to the route table. This feature allows the routing switch to adjust to changes in network topology.
IP Routing Features Configuring Static IP Routes Syntax: [no] ip route < dest-ip-addr >/< mask-bits > < next-hop-ip-addr | reject | blackhole | vlan > [ distance ] dest-ip-addr >/< mask-bits: The route destination and network mask length for the destination IP address. Alternatively, you can enter the mask itself. For example, you can enter either 10.0.0.0/24 or 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 for a route destination of 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0.
IP Routing Features Configuring Static IP Routes Displaying Static Route Information The show ip route static command displays the current static route configuration on the routing switch. Figure 3-2 shows the configuration resulting from the static routes configured in the preceding example. ProCurve(config)# show ip route static IP Route Entries Destination Gateway VLAN Type Sub-Type Metric Dist. ------------------ ------------ ---- --------- ---------- -------- ---10.10.20.177/32 reject static 1 1 10.
IP Routing Features Configuring IRDP Configuring IRDP The ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) is used by ProCurve routing switches to advertise the IP addresses of its router interfaces to directly attached hosts. IRDP is enabled by default. You can enable the feature on a global basis or on an individual VLAN interface basis. When IRDP is enabled, the routing switch periodically sends Router Advertisement messages out the IP interfaces on which the feature is enabled.
IP Routing Features Configuring IRDP messages from other routers at the same time. The interval on each IRDPenabled routing switch interface is independent of the interval on other IRDP-enabled interfaces. The default maximum message interval is 600 seconds. The default minimum message interval is 450 seconds. ■ Preference - If a host receives multiple Router Advertisement messages from different routers, the host selects the router that send the message with the highest preference as the default gateway.
IP Routing Features Configuring IRDP for the routing switch to the hold time specified in the new advertisement. If the hold time of an advertisement expires, the host discards the advertisement, concluding that the router interface that sent the advertisement is no longer available. The value must be greater than the value of the maxadvertinterval parameter and cannot be greater than 9000. The default is three times the value of the maxadvertinterval parameter.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay Configuring DHCP Relay Overview The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used for configuring hosts with IP address and other configuration parameters without human intervention. The protocol is composed of three components: the DHCP client, the DHCP server, and the DHCP relay agent.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay operation by enabling the routing switch to append an Option 82 field to such client requests. This field includes two suboptions for identifying the routing switch (by MAC address or IP address) and the routing switch port the client is using to access the network.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay Option 82 Server Support To apply DHCP Option 82, the routing switch must operate in conjunction with a server that supports Option 82. (DHCP servers that do not support Option 82 typically ignore Option 82 fields.) Also, the routing switch applies Option 82 functionality only to client request packets being routed to a DHCP server. DHCP relay with Option 82 does not apply to switched (non-routed) client requests.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay DHCP relay agent: See Relay Agent. Forwarding Policy: The Option 82 method the routing switch uses to process incoming client DHCP requests. For a given inbound DHCP client request, the forwarding policy determines whether the routing switch will add Option 82 information, replace existing Option 82 information, or leave any existing information unchanged.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay General DHCP-Relay Operation with Option 82. Typically, the first (primary) Option 82 relay agent to receive a client’s DHCP request packet appends an Option 82 field to the packet and forwards it toward the DHCP server identified by the IP Helper address configured on the VLAN in which the client packet was received.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay ■ Remote ID: This configurable subfield identifies a policy area that comprises either the routing switch as a whole (by using the routing switch MAC address) or an individual VLAN configured on the routing switch (by using the IP address of the VLAN receiving the client request). • Use the IP address option if the server will apply different IP addressing policies to DHCP client requests from ports in different VLANs on the same routing switch.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay ■ Circuit ID: This nonconfigurable subfield identifies the port number of the physical port through which the routing switch received a given DHCP client request, and is necessary to identify if you want to configure an Option 82 DHCP server to use the Circuit ID to select a DHCP policy to assign to clients connected to the port. This number is the identity of the inbound port.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay Table 3-3. Option 82 Configuration Append Keep Configuration Options for Managing DHCP Client Request Packets DHCP Client Request Packet Inbound to the Routing Switch Packet Has No Option 82 Field Packet Includes an Option 82 Field Append an Option 82 Field Append allows the most detail in defining DHCP policy boundaries.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay Multiple Option 82 Relay Agents in a Client Request Path Where the client is one router hop away from the DHCP server, only the Option 82 field from the first (and only) relay agent is used to determine the policy boundary for the server response. Where there are multiple Option 82 router hops between the client and the server, you can use different configuration options on different relay agents to achieve the results you want.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay approach to keep a more detailed control over leased IP addresses. In this example, the primary DHCP policy boundary is at relay agent “A”, but more global policy boundaries can exist at relay agents “B” and “C”. Relay Agent “A” Client VLAN 20 VLAN 10 DROP Relay Agent “B” VLAN 20 VLAN 30 No Option 82 Relay Agent “C” VLAN 10 VLAN 20 REPLACE DHCP Option 82 Server Figure 3-10.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay Table 3-4. Response Packet Content Valid DHCP server response packet without an Option 82 field. Relay Agent Management of DHCP Server Response Packets. Option 82 Configuration Validation Enabled on the Relay Agent append, replace, Drop the server response or drop1 packet. keep2 Validation Disabled (The Default) Forward server response packet to a downstream device. Forward server response Forward server response packet to a downstream device.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay then the routing switch MAC address will be used regardless of which subnet was the source of the client request. (The MAC address is the same for all VLANs configured on the routing switch.) Note that all request packets from DHCP clients in the different subnets in the VLAN must be able to reach any DHCP server identified by the IP Helper Address(es) configured on that VLAN.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay Configuring Option 82 Operation on the Routing Switch Syntax: dhcp-relay option 82 < append [validate] | replace [validate] | drop [validate] | keep > [ip | mac] append: Configures the routing switch to append an Option 82 field to the client DHCP packet. If the client packet has any existing Option 82 field(s) assigned by another device, then the new field is appended to the existing field(s).
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay [ ip | mac ] This option specifies the remote ID suboption the routing switch will use in Option 82 fields added or appended to DHCP client packets. The choice of type depends on how you want to define DHCP policy areas in the client requests sent to the DHCP server. (Refer to “Option 82 Field Content” on page 3-28.) ip: Specifies the IP address of the VLAN on which the client DHCP packet enters the switch. mac: Specifies the routing switch’s MAC address.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay ■ ■ ■ ■ Where multiple DHCP servers are assigned to a VLAN, a DHCP client request cannot be directed to a specific server. Thus, where a given VLAN is configured for multiple DHCP servers, all of these servers should be configured with the same IP addressing policy.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay Minimum Requirements for DHCP Relay Operation For the DHCP Relay agent to work, the following steps must be completed: 1. DHCP Relay is enabled on the routing switch (the default setting) 2. A DHCP server is servicing the routing switch 3. IP Routing is enabled on the routing switch 4. There is a route from the DHCP server to the routing switch and back 5.
IP Routing Features Configuring DHCP Relay Viewing the Current DHCP Relay Configuration Determining the DHCP Relay Setting. Use show config (or show running for the running-config file) to list the current DHCP Relay setting. Note that because DHCP Relay is enabled in the default configuration, it does not appear in these listings unless it is disabled. ProCurve Switch 2900-24G(config)# show config Startup configuration: ; J9049A Configuration Editor; Created on release #T.11.
IP Routing Features UDP Broadcast Forwarding UDP Broadcast Forwarding Overview Some applications rely on client requests sent as limited IP broadcasts addressed to a UDP application port. If a server for the application receives such a broadcast, the server can reply to the client.
IP Routing Features UDP Broadcast Forwarding Table 3-5. Interface VLAN 1 Example of a UDP Packet-Forwarding Environment IP Address Subnet Mask 15.75.10.1 255.255.255.0 Forwarding Address UDP Port Notes 15.75.11.43 1188 15.75.11.255 1812 15.75.12.255 1813 Unicast address for forwarding inbound UDP packets with UDP port 1188 to a specific device on VLAN 2. Broadcast address for forwarding inbound UDP packets with UDP port 1812 to any device in the 15.75.11.0 network.
IP Routing Features UDP Broadcast Forwarding Configuring and Enabling UDP Broadcast Forwarding To configure and enable UDP broadcast forwarding on the switch: 1. Enable routing. 2. Globally enable UDP broadcast forwarding. 3. On a per-VLAN basis, configure a forwarding address and UDP port type for each type of incoming UDP broadcast you want routed to other VLANs. Globally Enabling UDP Broadcast Forwarding Syntax [no] ip udp-bcast-forward Enables or disables UDP broadcast forwarding on the router.
IP Routing Features UDP Broadcast Forwarding — Continued from the preceding page. — < ip-address >: This can be either of the following: • The unicast address of a destination server on another subnet. For example: 15.75.10.43. • The broadcast address of the subnet on which a destination server operates. For example, the following address directs broadcasts to All hosts in the 15.75.11.0 subnet: 15.75.11.255.
IP Routing Features UDP Broadcast Forwarding Displaying the Current IP Forward-Protocol Configuration Syntax show ip forward-protocol [ vlan < vid >] Displays the current status of UDP broadcast forwarding and lists the UDP forwarding address(es) configured on all static VLANS in the switch or on a specific VLAN. Global Display Showing UDP Broadcast Forwarding Status and Configured Forwarding Addresses for Inbound UDP Broadcast Traffic for All VLANs Configured on the Router. Figure 3-13.
IP Routing Features UDP Broadcast Forwarding Operating Notes for UDP Broadcast Forwarding Maximum Number of Entries. The number of UDP broadcast entries and IP helper addresses combined can be up to 16 per VLAN, with an overall maximum of 256 on the switch. (IP helper addresses are used with the switch’s DHCP Relay operation. For more information, refer to “Configuring DHCP Relay” on page 3-24.
Index blocked port from IGMP operation … 2-5 broadcast traffic enabling forwarding of directed … 3-13 minimum requirements … 3-39 Option 82 … 3-24 circuit ID … 3-26, 3-30 compliance … 3-25 configuring operation … 3-36 field content … 3-28 forwarding policies … 3-27, 3-30 invalid field … 3-25 multinetted VLANS … 3-34 multiple relay agents … 3-32 operation … 3-28 policy boundary … 3-26 relay agent … 3-27 remote ID … 3-27, 3-29 requirements … 3-27 secondary relay agent … 3-27 server response … 3-25 server su
configuring … 3-14 disabling messages … 3-14 IGMP benefits … 2-3 configure per VLAN … 2-5 effect on filters … 2-28 Exclude Source … 2-12 Fast Leave … 2-14 high-priority forwarding … 2-5 Include Source … 2-12 IP multicast address range … 2-28 leave group … 2-12 maximum address count … 2-6 multicast group … 2-12 multimedia … 2-3 operation … 2-12, 2-13 port states … 2-5 proxy forward loop … 2-24 forwarding … 2-18 forwarding commands … 2-20 show command … 2-22 vlan context command … 2-21 query … 2-12 report … 2
relay agent … 3-27 remote ID … 3-27, 3-29 requirements … 3-27 secondary relay agent … 3-27 server support … 3-26 validating server response packets … 3-33 overview, IP routing … 3-3 P parameters IP global … 3-7 IP interface … 3-9 port auto, IGMP … 2-5 blocked, IGMP … 2-5 forwarding, IGMP … 2-5 state, IGMP control … 2-5 priority … 2-5 Proxy ARP, enabling … 3-12 proxy forwarding, IGMP … 2-18 Q query See IGMP. quick start … 1-8 R relay agent information option … 3-24 report See IGMP.
VLAN, subnetted … 3-41 V VLAN IGMP configuration … 2-5 VLAN interface description … 3-4 enabling IRDP … 3-22 IP routing parameters … 3-9 VLANS multinetted … 3-34 W warranty … 1-ii 4 – Index
Technical information in this document is subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited except as allowed under the copyright laws.
