Specifications
10 
Figure 2 - Typical Construction of a Lead Acid Battery 
Permission Pending 
These disadvantages are in effect advantages of VRLA batteries. VRLA batteries are 
more accepting of vibrations and being moved around a lot due to their pancake stack 
like design. They can be also mounted in any orientation and can‟t be spilled because 
their electrolyte is immobile. In addition, VRLA batteries tend to have a higher storage 
capacity, a lower internal resistance, a higher charging efficiency, and are maintenance 
free. VLRA batteries, however, are much more sensitive to overcharging than flooded 
cell are. This is because they are sealed electrolyte is immobile, thus extra cannot be 
included in the design. So the only disadvantages of VRLA batteries when compared to 
flooded  cell  batteries  are  price, lifespan  and  sensitivity  to overcharging.  In  general, 
VRLA batteries are about twice the cost of a comparable sized flooded battery, but their 
lifespan is only slightly less if charged correctly every time.  
Valve  regulated  lead  acid  batteries  are  batteries  that  are  in  most  cases  sealed. 
However, if the pressure inside the battery gets too high due to hydrogen and oxygen 
created by electrolysis within the battery, a safety valve will open and relieve the 
pressure. When this happens, the water is permanently lost to the battery. However, in 
most cases, the pressure never builds high enough within the battery to open the valve. 
This keeps the hydrogen and oxygen inside the battery, so that it can later recombine to 
form water again. There are two types of VRLA batteries; the gel battery (gel cell) and 
the absorbed glass matt (AGM) battery. Gel batteries are exactly what they sound like. 
The electrolyte in gel cells is gelified, and practically immobile. Other than that, they use 
basically the same chemistry as a flooded cell. AGM batteries hold the electrolyte in a 
glass mat between the lead plates. During the manufacturing of the battery, the glass 
matt is  soaked in  the electrolyte, and  then slightly wrung out, making the battery 
capable of holding more acid than is available and therefore practically spill proof. But 
again, the  chemistry  is  still  basically the same as  that  applied by a flooded  cell. The 
different  constructions  of  these  two  batteries  results  in  some  important  end 
characteristic differences. AGM batteries have a lower internal resistance, which results 










