.............................. STT2401A, STT3401A ............................... Travan 40 tape drive ............................... ............................... ............................... Product Manual ...............................
© 2002 Seagate Removable Storage Solutions LLC. All rights reserved Part Number 100249522 Seagate and the Seagate logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC. Other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their owners. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from Seagate Removable Storage Solutions LLC.
FCC Notice This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions—may cause interference to radio communications or radio and television reception.
Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction 1 Drive overview..............................................................................................................1 Key features ..........................................................................................................1 Typical system configurations......................................................................................2 Minicartridge technology overview .............................................................
Table of Contents Manual ejection.............................................................................................18 Setting the write-protect switch ...........................................................................19 Drive maintenance.....................................................................................................20 Caring for tape cartridges....................................................................................20 Cleaning the drive read/write head...
Table of Contents Page 31h—Special Information Definitions ..................................................46 Page 33h—Special Information in STT31401A mode ........................................47 Page 33h—Special Information Definitions ..................................................48 Page 3Eh—Report Check-Sum of FLASH-RAM (LOG SENSE only).................49 Page 3Eh—Report Check-Sum Definitions ..................................................49 MODE SELECT (Group 0, Op. Code 15) ..............
Table of Contents Tape partitioning ......................................................................................................114 Track positions ........................................................................................................114 Track numbering......................................................................................................115 Track format ............................................................................................................
Introduction Chapter 1 1 Introduction Drive overview The Seagate® STT3401A and STT2401A extend the Seagate family of one-inch high Travan drives that feature high performance, high reliability, and quiet operation. The drives transfer data at up to 120 megabytes per minute (Mbytes/min) without compression.
Chapter 1 Introduction With the availability of greater capacity disc drives and the growth of small networks, the need for cost-effective, high-capacity storage has grown. The STT3401A is ideal for standalone computers, workstations, and small networks. Figure 1 shows the STT3401A 3.5-inch internal drive. Figure 2 shows the STT2401A, which comes with brackets for mounting in 5.25-inch drive bays. Figure 1 STT3401A 3.5-inch internal drive Figure 2 STT2401A 5.
Introduction Chapter 1 Figure 3 Sample ATAPI configurations Minicartridge technology overview Having evolved from the original mass-storage medium—reel-to-reel, one-half-inch tape storage—the minicartridge technology of today offers fast, efficient, highcapacity storage in a compact, easily-removable hard-shell package.
Chapter 1 Introduction Flash EEPROM The Seagate Travan drives incorporate leading-edge technology in the flash EEPROM, which is useful should the drive's firmware need to be upgraded. With the permanently installed, electrically upgradeable, flash EEPROM memory, revised firmware for the drive can be loaded using a Seagate OEM firmware cartridge or through the host IDE bus. This feature enables qualified OEMs needing to revise the drive firmware to do so rapidly and at a reduced cost.
Specifications Chapter 2 2 Specifications Performance specifications The following table lists the performance specifications for the Seagate STT2401A and STT3401A tape drives. Feature Specification Capacity 20.0 Gbytes—Travan 40 cartridge (native) (40.
Chapter 2 Specifications Physical specifications The physical specifications of the STT3401A and STT2401A are listed in the following table. Specification Drive for 3.5-inch mount Drive for 5.25-inch mount Height 1.0 in / 25.4 mm 1.625 in (max) / 41.3 mm including bezel Width 4.0 in / 101.6 mm 5.875 in / 149.2 mm including bezel Length 6.4 in (max) / 161.5 mm 6.5 in (max) / 165.1 mm including bezel Weight 1.0 lbs / 0.45 kg 1.6 lbs / 0.
Specifications Chapter 2 Figure 5 STT2401A (5.25-inch mount) general dimensions Power supply specifications The following table lists the power supply requirements for the Travan 40 drives. Power specifications are measured at the tape drive power connector and are nominal values. Current and power requirements Specification Power supply requirement +12V DC supply +5V DC supply Voltage tolerance ±10% ±5% Current requirements Seek Load/unload Capstan startup Standby 0.8 amps rms 0.8 amps rms 2.
Chapter 2 Specifications Power use Seek Load/unload Capstan startup Standby 9.6 watts 9.6 watts 38 watts 0.4 watts 4.0 watts 3.0 watts 6.0 watts 2.3 watts Power connector The following table lists pin assignments for the power connector for the drive. Pin Assignment 1 +12V DC 2 +12 return 3 +5 return 4 +5V DC Environmental requirements The following table lists the environmental specifications for the Seagate STT2401A and STT3401A.
Specifications Chapter 2 Shock (1/2 sine wave) 7Gs peak, 11 msec (retries may be occur) 50 Gs peak, 11 msec Acoustic level operational (A-wt sum) 55 dBA maximum (measured at operator position, per ISO 7779) — Shock (1/2 sine wave) 2.5 Gs peak, 11 msec 100 Gs peak, 11 msec Reliability The STT3401A is designed for maximum reliability and data integrity. The following table summarizes the reliability specifications.
Chapter 2 Specifications be returned to the factory in its original packaging. Contact your distributor, dealer, your computer system company, or your Seagate sales representative to arrange the return. Tape compatibility The table below summarizes the types of tape cartridges that can be used with the Seagate Travan 40 drives. All other tape formats are incompatible. The Travan 40 drives can read any NS20 or Travan 5 cartridge written per the QIC-3220-MC standard.
Specifications Chapter 2 • Install the drive in an enclosure that limits the user's access to live parts, gives adequate system stability, and provides the necessary grounding for the drive. • Provide the correct voltages (+5V DC and +12V DC) based on the regulation applied—Extra Low Voltage (SEC) for UL and CSA and Safety Extra Low Voltage for BSI and VDE (if applicable). 3 Installation This chapter explains how to install the Seagate STT3401A and STT2401A drives.
Chapter 4 Drive operation and maintenance Before installing the Seagate Travan 40 drive make sure that the jumpers are properly configured for your system. Figure 6 shows the location of the jumper block, as well as master/slave jumper settings for various configurations. Note: Record your jumper settings prior to installation. The jumpers are not visible after the drive has been installed.
Drive operation and maintenance Chapter 4 Installing the drive The STT3401A can be installed in a one-half-inch high by 3.5-inch form factor drive bay or in a one-inch high by 5.25-inch form factor (with mounting brackets). The drive can be installed in three different orientations: horizontally (LED to the left) and vertically (on either side). The following section provides directions for mounting the drive in either a 3.5-inch enclosure or in a 5.25-inch enclosure. 1.
Chapter 4 Drive operation and maintenance 6. Secure the drive using the mounting screws. The threaded mounting brackets are designed for M3.0 metric screws. If you are mounting the drive in a 3.5-inch bay, use the screw supplied with the drive. Do not substitute other screws. Using longer screws may damage the drive. If slide rails are needed, use the plastic slide rails (supplied with the drive in some configurations). 7. Connect an available power cable to the power connector on the drive.
Drive operation and maintenance Chapter 4 Figure 8 Mounting holes on STT3401A (without mounting brackets) Figure 9 Mounting holes on STT2401A (with mounting bracket Seagate Travan 40 Product Manual Page 15
Chapter 4 Drive operation and maintenance 4 Drive operation and maintenance Introduction This chapter describes important operational procedures for the STT3401A and STT2401A. It covers the following topics: • The front panel LED (Drive Activity Light/Eject Button) • Using Travan 40 cartridges • Drive maintenance and troubleshooting instructions.
Drive operation and maintenance Chapter 4 Using Travan cartridges The minicartridges recommended for use with the Travan 40 drive are listed in Chapter 2. This section describes some operations using the cartridges. Loading cartridges Your tape drive has a flip-up door that covers the cartridge opening when a tape cartridge is not installed in the drive. The cartridge must be inserted into the drive with the metal base plate down and the write-protect switch on the left.
Chapter 4 Drive operation and maintenance Figure 12 Unloading a Tape cartridge After removing the cartridge from the drive, place the cartridge in its protective case and store it in a cool, dry location. Emergency cartridge removal Forcing cartridge ejection If the drive will not eject a cartridge during normal operation, but you still have power to the drive, try the following steps to force the drive to eject the cartridge: 1. Remove power from the drive. 2. Press and hold the eject button. 3.
Drive operation and maintenance Caution. Chapter 4 After using the emergency ejection procedure to remove a cartridge, you must restart the drive before inserting a new cartridge. Power must be reapplied to the drive before it will move the loading mechanism into position for inserting a new cartridge. Setting the write-protect switch Travan minicartridges feature a sliding write protect tab located in the upper left corner of the cartridge.
Chapter 4 Drive operation and maintenance Drive maintenance Minimal maintenance is needed to ensure that your Travan 40 drive operates at peak condition. This section explains how to care for tape cartridges, how to clean the drive head, and what to do if you experience problems with the drive. Caring for tape cartridges Although Travan tape cartridges are ruggedly built, they must be handled with care to preserve the data they contain.
Drive operation and maintenance Chapter 4 the drive immediately if you observe an increase in the number of errors while running your backup software, or if a TapeAlert cleaning message is displayed. With the newer generation of Travan tape drive heads used in these drives, only the dry-process cleaning cartridge method is recommended. This method does not involve any flammable materials and provides a clean recording surface by wiping away debris as the cleaning material passes across the recording head.
Chapter 4 Drive operation and maintenance 1 DRAM Write Miscompare 2 DRAM Write Timed Out 3 DRAM Read Timed Out 4 DMA Timed Out 5 ATAPI Interface Failed 6 SRAM Self Test Failed 7 DRAM/SRAM Self Test Failed 8 Serial ASIC Failed 9 Buffer Manager ASIC Failed 11 Stepper Motor Test Failed 12 Transport Motor Test Failed 15 Attempt to install incompatible firmware 16 Transfer timeout 17 Load operation failed Drive does not come ready • Insure the cartridge is properly oriented and ful
Drive operation and maintenance Chapter 4 Drive not seen during boot-up • Ensure that 5/12 volt power is plugged into tape drive. Insert tape: – If soft load receives tape and tape movement back and forth occurs—power is OK. – If no tape movement occurs—power down system and use power plug from other device such as CD-ROM. If soft load receives tape and tape movement back and forth occurs—power plug is bad. If no tape movement occurs (soft load does not receive and load tape)—return drive for repair.
Chapter 4 Drive operation and maintenance • Hard disc problems can also cause system lock up. Run a hard disc diagnostic utility such as CHKDSK or SCANDISK and repair any error it might find. • Not enough system resources or a misbehaving memory resident program may cause erratic system behavior. In some instances, files in some third party Recycle Bins have caused the backup software to lock up. Try emptying the Recycle Bin before attempting a backup.
Drive operation and maintenance • Chapter 4 Use Stdiag to perform a write/read test. Retension the tape with Stdiag program. The Stdiag write/read test will overwrite data on the tape. Set “Test Size” to minimum of 100MB. – If test write/read fails—replace tape with new tape and retry backup. – If test write/read passes—retry backup. If backup fails, replace the tape. • Sometimes not being able to write to a specific tape is due to backup software configuration, especially with Media Pools setup.
Chapter 4 Drive operation and maintenance If after a repeat loading of the firmware cartridge the same condition is observed, contact your Seagate sales representative. Firmware upgrade cartridges are available to qualified Seagate OEM customers. Contact your Seagate sales representative for information.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 5 ATAPI interface Introduction The Seagate Travan 40 drives come with an ATA Packet Interface (ATAPI) controller for communications between the host computer and the drive. The drive supports the QIC-157 standard interface. Note: Refer to the QIC-157 Standard for detailed information about this interface. This chapter clarifies the use of several ATA-2 signals and ATAPI commands that are either vague or optional in the QIC-157 specification.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Pin Assignment Description Source 21 DMARQ DMA Request Device 22 GND Ground N/A 23 DIOW- I/O Write Host 24 –REQ Ground N/A 25 –I/O I/O Read Host 26 GND Ground N/A 27 IORDY I/O Ready Device 28 CSEL Cable Select Device 29 DMACK DMA Acknowledge Host 30 GND Ground N/A 31 INTRQ Interrupt Request Device 32 10CS16- 16-Bit I/O Device 33 DA1 Device Address Bit 1 Host 34 PDIAG Passed Diagnostics Device 35 DA0 Device Address Bit
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 Op Code (Hex) Command See Page 15 MODE SELECT 51 17 RELEASE UNIT 72 19 ERASE 29 1A MODE SENSE 61 1B LOAD / UNLOAD 33 1D SEND DIAGNOSTIC 81 1E PREVENT/ALLOW MEDIA REMOVAL 66 2B LOCATE 35 34 READ POSITION 71 3B WRITE BUFFER 87 3C READ BUFFER 69 4C LOG SELECT 36 4D LOG SENSE 37 Specification compliance The STT3401A complies with the following specifications. Where conflicts occur, the first listed document takes priority.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface ERASE (Group 0, Op. Code 19) The ERASE command will erase the entire tape if the tape is positioned at BOT. Both the Directory and the Data Partitions will be erased. If the drive is in the Directory Partition when the ERASE command is received, the drive will remain in the Directory Partition after the operation is completed. The drive performs a Logical Erase by rewriting the directory information; the data on the tape is not physically erased or overwritten.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 INQUIRY (Group 0, Op. Code 12) The INQUIRY command allows the Host to determine the configuration of the tape drive connected to the bus. CDB for INQUIRY Command Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Data Bits 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Allocation Length 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hex 12 00 00 00 XX 00 Allocation Length: This field may specify up to 54 bytes (36h) of data to be sent to the Host. Any value greater than 36h sends 36h (54d) bytes.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface ANSI Version: This field indicates the ANSI compliance level. A value of 001b indicates compliance with SCSI Standard X3.131-1986. A value of 010b indicates compliance with QIC-121 (SCSI-2). TrmIOP: Terminate I/O message is supported. The Term I/O bit shall be set to 1. Response Data Format: This field will have a value of 2h to indicate compliance with the QIC-121 (SCSI-2) inquiry data format, or a value of 1h to indicate the SCSI-1 option has been selected.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 LOAD/UNLOAD (Group 0, Op. Code 1B) This command has three functions. • To position (LOAD) a tape cartridge to BOT • To eject (UNLOAD) a cartridge • To retension the installed cartridge in conjunction with a Load/Unload operation Note. The Imation Travan Mini Cartridge specification requires cartridge conditioning under specified conditions.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface LOAD/UNLOAD Command (EOT, RET and LOA Bits) Initial State Loaded, Ready 0 EOT 0 RET 0 LOA Loaded, Ready Loaded, Ready 0 0 0 1 1 0 Loaded, Ready Loaded, Ready X Loaded, Ready Unloaded, NR Unloaded, NR Unloaded, NR 0 1 1 1 X 0 0 1 0 X 1 X 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 Action Position to BOT and set Unload status Position to BOT Retension, Position to BOT and set Unload status Retension and Position to BOT Set Unload status Check Condition, Illegal Request Retension and set Unload
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 LOCATE (Group 1, Op. Code 2B) The LOCATE command causes the target to position the logical unit to the specified block address in a specified partition. Upon completion, the logical position will be before the specified location so that the specified block will be the next to be read, or will be the append point if it follows an “Appendable Point” (see WRITE command).
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface LOG SELECT (Group 2, Code 4C) The LOG SELECT command provides a means for the Initiator to manage statistical information maintained by the tape drive about itself.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 LOG SENSE (Group 2, Op. Code 4D) The LOG SENSE command provides a means for the Initiator to retrieve statistical information maintained by the tape drive about the tape drive.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Page 00h—Supported Log Page Byte 0 1 2 7 0 0 Data Bits 4 3 2 Page Code 0 0 0 0 MSB Additional Page Length LSB 6 0 0 5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 0 0 0 Hex 00 00 00 09 03 2E 31 33 3E Supported Page List Supported Log Page: The Supported Log Page provides a list of supported log pages other than itself. Bytes 4-9 are coded as shown, indicating the valid page codes.
ATAPI Interface D E F 10 11 12 13 Chapter 5 DU Parameter Code LSB TSD ETC TMC Parameter Length MSB Total Errors Corrected LSB DS 0 LP 01 40 04 XX XX XX XX NOTE: (Total Blocks Recovered by ECC) + Total Errors Corrected = Total Blocks Read Page 03—Error Counter for READ definitions Byte 00 01 02-03 04-05 Page Code Reserved Additional Page Length Parameter Code 06 DU DS TSD ETC TMC LP 07 08-09 Parameter Length Total Re-Reads (*) Set to 03h. Set to 00h. Set to 1Ch.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Note: Fields marked with (*) will reset on power cycle, SCSI reset, cartridge insertion, rewind, or PCR. Page 2Eh—TapeAlert Diagnostic Byte 0 1 2 7 0 Data Bits 4 3 2 Page Code Reserved MSB Page Length LSB TapeAlert Flags MSB Parameter Code LSB TSD ETC TMC Parameter Length Value of Flag (set when bit 0 = 1) 6 0 5 3 5n-1 5n 5n+1 5n+2 5n+3 DU DS 1 0 Hex 2E 00 00 140 nn Res LP nn 80 01 01 TapeAlert Diagnostic page conforms to TapeAlert Specification 2.0.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 • Drive hardware defects • Worn out media or wrong media • Expired cleaning tapes • Abnormal error conditions The TapeAlert information is accessed via a Log Sense page, and configuration is via a MODE SELECT page. The Mode Sense/Select configuration of the TapeAlert interface is compatible with the SMART diagnostic standard for disc drives. The Host software should first check the tape drive/library to determine whether it supports the TapeAlert Log Sense page 0x2e.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface NOTE: When a flag is cleared by reading the TapeAlert Log page, a flag cannot be set again until the error condition is removed (e.g., the specified corrective action has been taken). So, for example, if the cartridge in the drive is not data grade, once flag 8 has been cleared by the Host software reading the Log page it cannot be set again until the cartridge has been removed. All other methods of clearing allow the flag to be set again.
ATAPI Interface No. Flag Chapter 5 Type Required Host Message Cause supplier helpline. 7 Media Life W The tape cartridge has reached the end of its calculated useful life: 1. Copy any data you need to another tape The media has exceeded its specified life. 2. Discard the old tape. 9 Write Protect C You are trying to write to a write-protected cartridge. WRITE command is attempted to a write-protected tape. Remove the write-protection or use another tape.
Chapter 5 No. ATAPI Interface Flag Type Required Host Message Cause 3. Restart the operation. 31 Hardware B C The tape drive has a hardware fault: 1. Turn the tape drive off and on again. 2. Restart the operation. The drive has a hardware fault that is not read/write related or requires a power cycle to recover. 3. If the problem persists, call the tape drive supplier helpline. Check the tape drive users manual for device-specific instructions on turning the device power on and off.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 Page 31h—Tape Capacity Page Byte 0 1 2 7 0 0 6 0 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F 20 21 22 23 DU DU DU DU DS Data Bits 4 3 2 Page Code 0 0 0 0 MSB Additional Page Length LSB MSB Parameter Code LSB TSD ETC TMC Parameter Length MSB Remaining Capacity Data Partition 5 LSB MSB Parameter Code LSB DS TSD ETC TMC Parameter Length MSB Remaining Capacity Directory Partition DS LSB MSB Parameter Code LSB TSD ETC TMC Parameter Length MS
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Page 31h—Special Information Byte 0 1 2 7 0 0 Data Bits 4 3 2 Page Code 0 0 0 0 MSB Additional Page Length LSB MSB Parameter Code LSB TSD ETC TMC Parameter Length MSB Unit Serial Number LSB 6 0 0 5 3 4 5 6 7 8 DU DS D 1 0 0 0 Hex 31 00 00 1F 00 0 LP 00 E1 06 XX XX Page 31h—Special Information Definitions Byte 00 01 02-03 04-05 06 Page Code Reserved Additional Page Length Parameter Code DU DS TSD ETC TMC LP 07 08-13 Page 46 Parameter Length Unit Serial Number
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 Page 33h—Special Information in STT31401A mode Byte 0 1 2 7 0 0 6 0 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 DU DS 13 14 15 16 17 18 DU DS DU DS 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F 22 23 24 25 26 27 DU DS 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D DU DS DU DS 30 31 32 33 Data Bits 4 3 2 Page Code 0 0 0 0 MSB Additional Page Length LSB MSB Parameter Code LSB TSD ETC TMC Parameter Length MSB Unit Serial Number LSB MSB Parameter Code LSB TSD ETC TMC Parameter Length MSB Cartridge Insertions LSB MSB Parameter Code LSB TSD ETC TMC P
Chapter 5 Byte 34 35 ATAPI Interface 7 6 DU DS Data Bits 4 3 2 Parameter Length MSB Longest Time Between Cleanings (in Minutes) LSB MSB Parameter Code LSB TSD ETC TMC Parameter Length MSB Cleaning Interval (in Minutes) LSB 5 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 1 0 0 LP Hex 04 XX XX XX XX 00 06 40 02 XX XX Page 33h—Special Information Definitions Byte 00 01 02-03 04-05 06 Page Code Reserved Additional Page Length Parameter Code DU DS TSD ETC TMC LP 07 08-13 Parameter Length Unit Serial Number Set to 31h.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 1F-22 Tape Moved The length of tape (estimated in feet) passed over the head since the last head cleaning. The field is incremented by 740 feet at EOT and BOT when tape motion is reversed. It is only incremented when the full length of the tape has been traversed and the direction of tape motion is reversed. The field is reset if a cleaning operation is performed successfully. Number of Cleanings The number of successful cleanings performed during the life of the drive.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface 6 DU DS TSD ETC TMC 7 8-9 0A0B LP Parameter Length Existing Check-Sum Calculated Check-Sum follows. The Disable Update bit must be set to 0, indicating the drive updates parameter values for all events. The Disable Save bit is always set to 1, indicating the drive does not save parameter values. The Target Save Disable bit is always set to 0 indicating the drive defines a method for saving log parameters.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 MODE SELECT (Group 0, Op. Code 15) The Host issues the MODE SELECT command to establish certain drive parameters. These parameters are sent to the drive as data. The parameters established by this command are not unique to the Initiator issuing the command. If a second Initiator changes the parameters at any time, these new parameters are used for all Hosts communicating with the drive.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface cause of the error. While writing, the drive will revert to Unbuffered Mode when Logical Early Warning (LEW) is reached. A REWIND issued at this point will cause the drive to rewind to BOT and return to Buffered Mode. Speed Code: The values of speed codes are given in the table below. The Speed Code may be set explicitly by MODE SELECT command, or implicitly when AVC (Auto-Throttle) is set to 1 (bit 4, byte 8 of page code 10h).
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 Page Code 01h—Error Recovery and Reporting Parameters Data Bits Byte 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 Page Code 1 Additional Page Length 2 0 0 TB 0 EER PER DTE 3 Read Retry Count 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Write Retry Count 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DCR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hex 01 0A X8 10 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 TB: A Transfer Block bit of 1 indicates that a data block not recovered in a READ operation within the recovery limits s
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Page Code 10h—Device Configuration Parameters Data Bits Byte 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 Page Code (10h) 1 Additional Page Length 2 0 CAP CAF Active Format 3 Active Partition 4 Write Buffer Full Ratio 5 Read Buffer Empty Ratio 6 MSB Write Delay Time 7 LSB 8 DBR BIS RSMK AVC SOCF RBO 9 Gap Size 0A EOD Defined EEG SEW 0 0 0B MSB 0C Buffer Size At Early Warning 0D LSB 0E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 REW 0 0 0 Hex 10 0E X0 XX XX XX 00 00 XX 00 XX 00 00 00 00 00 Additional Page Lengt
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 Write Delay Time: This field indicates the maximum time, in 100 millisecond increments, that the drive shall retain buffered data without subsequent write or synchronizing commands before forcing it to the media. Filler blocks containing invalid filler data required to fill out ECC frames will accompany data forced to tape. A value of 00 00h indicates data will never be forced to tape. Valid values are 00 00h and up to 10 00h (27.3 minutes). Invalid values will be rounded up.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface EEG: Enable EOD Generation—When set to 1, this bit indicates that the logical unit shall generate the appropriate EOD area, as determined by the EOD Defined field. A value of 0 indicates that EOD generation is disabled. 1 is the value supported. This field is non-changeable.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 Media Format Recognition field is intended for use by the MODE SENSE command, in which it is set to 03h, indicating that the drive is capable of recognizing the format and partition of the tape automatically. This is per QIC-157D, table 5-45. This field is ignored in MODE SELECT commands. Page Code 1Ch is used for TapeAlert Diagnostics.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface reported in the method specified by the MRIE value, except with the additional Sense Code set to 0x5DFF. If both the Test and Dexcpt bits are set to 1 and Test Flag Number set to 0, then the MODE SELECT command will return Check Condition, with Sense Key set to Illegal Request and extended sense set to Invalid Field in Parameter List.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 MRIE (Default set to 0x3): This field indicates the method used by the target to report informational exception conditions (note that this is standard SCSI terminology and is not related in any way to the “Information” severity level for the flags). The priority of reporting informational exception conditions is vendor specific.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface 0×6: Only report informational exception condition on request. This method instructs the device server to preserve information exception(s) information. To find out about information exception conditions the application client polls the device server by issuing an unsolicited REQUEST SENSE command. The Sense Key shall be set to No Sense and the additional Sense Code shall indicate the cause of the informational exception condition (which is 5D00 for a TapeAlert event).
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 MODE SENSE (Group 0, Op. Code 1A) The MODE SENSE command provides the Host with information pertaining to the configuration of the drive. The drive does not disconnect from the Initiator while executing this command.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Page Code Description 20h Forced Streaming Page Will Be Returned 2Ah Capabilities and Mechanical Status Page 3Fh All Pages (01h through 3Fh) Will Be Returned Refer to MODE SELECT command for a description of the Parameter Pages. Allocation Length: This field specifies the number of bytes requested from the Parameter List. A maximum of 12 (0Ch) may be returned. When set to 0, no bytes are transferred and this is not considered an error.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 Speed Code: Speed code values are listed in the table below. The Speed Code may be set explicitly by MODE SELECT command, or implicitly when AVC ( AutoThrottle) is set to 1 (bit 4, byte 8 of page code 10h). If AVC is set to 1, MODE SENSE will report the actual speed selected to optimize data throughput. Code Meaning 0h Use default speed. 1h Use lowest tape speed. 2h-Fh Use highest tape speed Block Descriptor Length: Specifies the number of bytes in the Block Descriptor.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Page Code 2A Capabilities and Mechanical Status Page Data Bits Byte 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Page Code (2A) 1 Page Length (12h) 2 Reserved 3 Reserved Rsvd Rsvd Rsvd SPREV Rsvd Rsvd Rsvd RO 1 4 Rsvd Rsvd QFA Rsvd EFMT Rsvd Rsvd Rsvd 5 EJECT 1 PREVENT LOCKED 1 LOCK CMPRS ECC Rsvd DIS6 7 8 9 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 Rsvd Rsvd Rsvd CONNECT Rsvd Hex 2A 12 XX XX 20 or 21 28 XX Rsvd BLK1024 BLK512 Rsvd 06 MSB 07 Maximum Speed Supported (in KBps) LSB D0 MSB XX Reserved LSB XX 00
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 PREVENT: If the PREVENT bit is set, the device defaults to the Prevent state after power-up. LOCKED: If the LOCKED bit is set, the volume is locked. LOCK: If the LOCK bit is set, the device supports locking the volume using the PREVENT/ALLOW MEDIA REMOVAL command. BLK1024: If the BLK1024 bit is set, the device is capable of using a 1024-byte block size. BLK512: If the BLK512 bit is set, the device is capable of using a 512-byte block size.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface PREVENT/ALLOW MEDIA REMOVAL (Group 0, Op. Code 1E) This command is used to prevent or allow the removal of the tape cartridge. CDB for PREVENT/ALLOW MEDIA REMOVAL Command Data Bits Byte 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRE 0 Hex 1E 00 00 00 0X 00 PRE: When set to 0, an ALLOW command is indicated.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 READ (Group 0, Op. Code 08) The READ command transfers the specified amount of data from the tape drive to the Initiator. The command terminates when one of the following conditions occurs: • The Transfer length specified in the CDB has been satisfied. • A Filemark or Setmark has been read. • Logical Early Warning or physical End-of-Media has been reached. • An unrecoverable read error has occurred (i.e.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface READ process (e.g., REWIND). See REQUEST SENSE, bytes 14-15 and LOG SENSE, Page 3. Data Under-Run Counter: This counter is incremented each time a buffer overrun causes the tape to reposition. The counter is cleared when the READ process is terminated. See REQUEST SENSE, bytes 16-17.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 READ BUFFER (Group 1, Op. Code 3C) The READ BUFFER command will cause the contents of the drive’s data buffer to be returned to the Host and is intended to be used in conjunction with the WRITE BUFFER command as a Diagnostic tool. Using Buffer I.D. and Buffer Offset, the data transfer may be started from any location in the buffer. This command tests the ATAPI Bus and the drive’s Data Buffer. The tape is not affected.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface READ BUFFER Header (Mode 00h) Byte 0 1 2 3 7 0 6 0 5 0 Data Bits 4 3 0 0 MSB Buffer Capacity LSB 2 0 1 0 0 0 Hex 00 XX XX XX Buffer Capacity: This field specifies the total number of bytes in the drive’s buffer.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 READ POSITION (Group 1, Op. Code 34) The READ POSITION command reports the current position of the logical unit and any data blocks in the buffer. No tape movement shall occur as a result of the command. The drive may disconnect during this command.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface BOP: The Beginning Of Partition bit, if set to 1, indicates that the logical unit is at the beginning-of-partition in the current partition. EOP: The End Of Partition bit, if set to 1, indicates that the logical unit is at the endof-partition in the current partition. BPU: A Block Position Unknown bit of 1 indicates that the first and last block locations are not known or cannot be obtained. Partition Number: The Partition Number reports the current partition position.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 REQUEST SENSE (Group 0, Op. Code 03) Information pertinent to the completion of a command is obtained by the REQUEST SENSE command. Although a REQUEST SENSE command may be issued at any time, it is typically issued immediately following a command that has resulted in a Check Condition (Status 02h). Sense Data remains valid until reset by a subsequent command issued by the same Initiator selecting the same LUN as the one that resulted in the Check Condition.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Byte 7 11 12 0 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F 20 21 22 2B 2C – 3F 0 Data Bits 4 3 2 1 Field Pointer LSB CNI 0 WP PEO UDE BNL M 0 NDT 0 BOM BPE 0 MSB Data Error Counter LSB MSB Data Overrun/Under-run Counter LSB Track Number Cartridge Type MSB Filemark Count LSB MSB Physical Block Number LSB Tape Module Error Code (High Byte) Tape Module Error Code (Low Byte) Reserved Least Last 10 Commands Most 6 5 Reserved 0 Hex FIL XX XX 0 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 Command Specific Information: This field contains information that depends on the command that was last executed. Further meaning for this field is defined within the command description. Additional Sense Code & Qualifier: Specifies detailed information related to the additional Sense Code. If the error or exception condition is reportable by the device the value returned will be as specified. If the condition is not reportable by the device, a value of 00h is used.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Code Travan 7 Compatibility Cartridge Type 00h N/A No cartridge, cleaning cartridge, or type unknown 85h Read / Write Travan 5, NS20 95h N/A Travan 7 Filemark Count: This is the number of Filemarks encountered since the tape was last at BOM. This counter is not reset by a REQUEST SENSE command, but is reset when tape is positioned back to BOM. Physical Block Number: The number of the next physical block to be read/written by the Host.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 Sense Key (hex value) 9 Type Vendor Unique Copy Aborted Aborted Command A B C D Reserved Volume Overflow E Miscompare F Reserved Meaning not the same as the physical EOM. This Sense Key is available for reporting vendor unique conditions (Not Used). A COPY command was aborted due to an error on the source or destination device (Not Supported).
Chapter 5 Page 78 ATAPI Interface Sense Key ASC ASCQ Meaning 04 44 00 Hardware error occurred 04 44 81 Fan error 04 47 00 SCSI parity error non-command state 04 47 00 SCSI parity error in command state 05 00 00 Attempted to erase tape when not at BOT 05 20 00 Invalid CDB opcode 05 21 00 Invalid LBA 05 22 00 Invalid function requested 05 24 00 Invalid data byte in CDB 05 25 00 Invalid LUN 05 26 00 Invalid parameter in data 05 2C 00 Log select failed 05 3
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 Sense Key ASC 0D 00 Seagate Travan 40 Product Manual ASCQ Meaning 00 Physical end of medium detected Page 79
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface REWIND (Group 0, Op Code 01) When operating in single partition mode, the REWIND command causes the drive to rewind the tape to the physical Beginning-Of-Partition (BOP) or load point.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 SEND DIAGNOSTIC (Group 0, Code 1D) The SEND DIAGNOSTIC command requests the target to perform diagnostic tests on it. Except when the Self-Test bit is one, this command is usually followed by a Receive Diagnostic Results command.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface SPACE (Group 0, Op. Code 11) The SPACE command provides a means of positioning the tape forward or reverse of the current position. The command can space over data blocks, filemarks, sequential filemarks, or to the End-of-Data.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 If Logical Early Warning is encountered, the command continues to normal completion, then reports Check Condition with No Sense and EOM set in the Sense Data. NOTE: If RSMK is set in Mode Data Page 10h, Byte 8, Bit 5, Set Marks will be treated as Filemarks when spacing over data. Spacing Over Consecutive Filemark Blocks: The number of consecutive filemarks to be spaced over is specified in the Count Field. The tape is positioned following the last Filemark in the sequence.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface TEST UNIT READY (Group 0, Op Code 00) This command performs a test to ensure that the tape drive is ready and a tape cartridge is installed. TEST UNIT READY does not initiate the internal diagnostic self-test. The drive does not disconnect during execution of this command.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 VERIFY (Group 0, Op. Code 13) The VERIFY command performs a Verification Check on a specified number of data blocks on the tape without involving the Host. Verification starts at the present position of the tape and continues for the specified number of blocks. If a data block cannot be verified by CRC recovery then ECC and read retries will be employed in an attempt to recover the data.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface WRITE (Group 0, Op. Code 0A) The WRITE command transfers the specified amount of data from the Initiator to the tape drive. A rewind or other Write process terminating command (e.g., WRITE FILEMARK with length set to 0) must be issued after the last write command to allow the drive to finish writing all buffered data. NOTE: The Imation Travan Cartridge specification requires cartridge conditioning under specified conditions.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 WRITE BUFFER (Group 1, Op. Code 3B) The WRITE BUFFER command is used in conjunction with the READ BUFFER command as a diagnostic tool or for downloading firmware. This command tests the ATAPI Bus and the drive’s Data Buffer. The tape is not affected. Using Buffer ID and Buffer Offset, data can be placed in any location in the buffer. CDB for WRITE BUFFER command Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 0 0 6 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 Data Bits 4 3 1 1 0 0 Buffer I.D.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Buffer Offset: This field specifies where the first data byte received from the Host is to be placed in the Buffer specified by the Buffer ID field. Values greater than 07FFh will give Check Condition, Illegal Request. Transfer Length: This field specifies the number of bytes to be written into the Buffer by the Host. The value includes the four-byte Header.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 WRITE FILEMARK (Group 0, Op. Code 10) This command writes a specified number of Filemark blocks to the tape. CDB for WRITE FILEMARK command Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 Data Bits 4 3 1 0 0 0 MSB Transfer Length LSB 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 WSMK 0 0 IMM 0 0 0 Hex 10 00 XX XX XX 00 WSMK—Write Setmarks: This bit must be set to 0. Writing Setmarks is not supported.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface be avoided by simply insuring the cartridge is removed from the drive following any WRITE or WRITE FILEMARK operations Page 90 Seagate Travan 40 Product Manual
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 ATA Command Descriptions The following ATA commands are supported. General Feature Set • EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC • IDENTIFY DEVICE • NOP • SET FEATURES ATAPI Feature Set • ATAPI ‘DEVICE’ RESET • IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE • PACKET Power Management Feature Set • CHECK POWER MODE • IDLE • IDLE IMMEDIATE • SLEEP • STANDBY • STANDBY IMMEDIATE Much of this section is taken directly from the ATA-4 specification.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Opcode (Hex) Page 92 Command Ref.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 CHECK POWER MODE (ATA Command E5) The CHECK POWER MODE command allows the Host to determine the power mode of the selected device. The device does not disconnect from the bus while executing this command.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface DEVICE RESET (ATA Command 08) The Device Reset command enables the Host to reset an individual device without affecting the other device on the same IDE cable. This command shall be accepted when BSY or DRQ is set to one, DRDY is cleared to 0, or DMARQ is asserted. This command shall be accepted when in Sleep mode. The command will never end in an error condition.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC (ATA Command 90) This command shall perform the internal diagnostic tests implemented by the device. The DEV bit in the Device/Head register is ignored. Both devices, if present, shall execute this command regardless of which device is selected. If the Host issues an EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC command while a device is in or going to a power management mode except Sleep, then the device shall execute its EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC sequence.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Diagnostic Code: When this code is in the Error register of Device 0: Code (hex) 00, 02-7F 01 81 80, 82-FF Device 0 Meaning Failed. Bits 6:1 contain an error code Passed Passed Failed. Bits 6:1 contain an error code Device 1 Meaning Passed or is not present Passed or is not present Failed. See the Error register of Device 1 for details. Failed. See the Error register of Device 1 for details.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 IDENTIFY DEVICE (ATA Command EC) This command allows an ATA (not ATAPI) device to report its capabilities to the Host. Since this device supports the PACKET feature set, this command will be aborted.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE (ATA Command A1) This command allows an ATAPI (not ATA) device to report its capabilities to the Host. The data returned are very extensive and detailed. Please refer to the ATA-4 document for complete details. Many details that are not relevant to this device have been omitted. The result data returned to the Host will always be 512 bytes long. Some parameters are defined as 32-bit values (e.g., words 57 and 58).
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 Host Taskfile Registers—Outputs Host Taskfile Register Error Sector Count Sector Number Byte Count High Byte Count Low Device/Head Status 7 rsvd rsvd BSY 6 5 4 Data Bits 3 tag type (not supported) LBA RDY MCH 2 1 0 HEX ABRT EOM ILI 00 N/A N/A N/A N/A residual byte count (15 : 8) 00 residual byte count ( 7 : 0) 00 rsvd rsvd DEV DSC DRQ SAM LUN (not used) Corr rsvd CHK 40 or 50 IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE Data Returned to Host Word(s) Starting Offset (hex)
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Word(s) Starting Offset (hex) 49 62 Capabilities: 15 1=interleaved DMA support 14 1=command queuing supported 13 1=overlap operation supported 12 1=ATA software reset required (obsolete) 11 1=IORDY supported (must be set if device supports PIO mode 3 or higher) 10 1=IORDY may be disabled (via the SET FEATURES command) 9 1=LBA supported 8 0=DMA supported 7-0 vendor specific 0A00 50 64 reserved 0000 51 66 15-8 Description of Contents 7-0 Value (hex) PIO data transfe
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 Word(s) Starting Offset (hex) 71 8E 15-0 typical time (3 sigma) from receipt of Packet command to release (nanosecs) (not supported) 0000 72 90 15-0 typical time (3 sigma) from receipt of Service command to BSY cleared to 0 (nanosecs) (not supported) 0000 73-74 92 reserved 0000 75 96 Queue depth (not supported) 15-5 reserved 4-0 maximum queue depth supported 0000 76-70 98 reserved 0000 80 A0 Major version number 15-5 reserved 4 1=supports ATA/ATAPI-4 3 1
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface Word(s) Starting Offset (hex) 85 AA Command and feature sets enabled. If words 82 and 83=0000h or FFFFh, then command set notification is not enabled.
ATAPI Interface Word(s) 93 Chapter 5 Starting Offset (hex) Description of Contents Hardware reset result. The contents of bits 12-0 of this word shall change only during the execution of a hardware reset. 15 Shall be cleared to zero. 14 Shall be set to one. 13 1 = device detected CBLID- above ViH 0 = device detected CBLID- below ViL 12-8 Device 1 hardware reset result. Device 0 shall clear these bits to zero. Device 1 shall set these bits as follows: 12 Reserved. 11 0 = Device 1 did not assert PDIAG-.
Chapter 5 Word(s) 160 ATAPI Interface Starting Offset (hex) Description of Contents CFA power mode 1 15 Word 160 supported 14 Reserved 13 CFA power mode 1 is required for one or more commands implemented by the device 12 CFA power mode 1 disabled 11-0 Maximum current in ma 161-175 Reserved for assignment by the CompactFlash Association 176-254 Reserved 255 Page 104 Value (hex) Integrity word 15-8 7-0 XXXX Checksum Signature Seagate Travan 40 Product Manual
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 IDLE (ATA Command E3) This command is accepted but performs no function. This command normally allows the Host to place the device in Idle mode using the standby timer. INTRQ is asserted even though the device may not have fully transitioned to Idle mode. If the Sector Count register is non-0, then the Standby timer shall be enabled. The value in the Sector Count register shall be used to determine the time programmed into the Standby timer.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface IDLE IMMEDIATE (ATA Command E1) This command is accepted but performs no function. This command allows the Host to immediately place the device in Idle mode. INTRQ is asserted even though the device may not have fully transitioned to Idle mode.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 NOP (ATA Command 00) This command allows a Host that only performs 16-bit register accesses, to check device status. If this command is supported, the drive shall respond, as it does to an unrecognized command by setting the ABRT bit to 1 in the Error register, setting the Error bit in the Status Register, clearing the BSY to 0 in the Status Register, and asserting INTRQ signal. This command is not supported. The device will abort the command.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface PACKET (ATA Command A0) The PACKET command is used to transfer a device command via a command packet. See the section ATAPI Packet Protocol, above for details.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 SET FEATURES (ATA Command EF) This command is used by the Host to establish parameters that affect the execution of certain device features. At power on, or after a hardware reset, the default setting of the functions specified by the subcommands are vendor specific. If any subcommand input value is not supported or is invalid, the device posts an Aborted command error.
Chapter 5 Host Taskfile Register Error Sector Count Sector Number Byte Count High Byte Count Low Device/Head Status Page 110 ATAPI Interface 7 rsvd 6 5 4 tag type (not supported) 3 MCH N/A N/A N/A 2 1 0 HEX ABRT EOM ILI 00 N/A N/A N/A rsvd BSY LBA RDY rsvd rsvd DEV DSC DRQ SAM LUN (not used) Corr rsvd CHK 40 or 50 Seagate Travan 40 Product Manual
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 SLEEP (ATA Command E6) This command provides the only way for the device to enter Sleep mode. It causes the device to set the BSY bit to one, prepare to enter Sleep mode, clear the BSY bit to 0 and assert INTRQ. The Host shall read the Status register in order to clear the interrupt and allow the device to enter Sleep mode. In Sleep mode, the interface becomes inactive without affecting the operation of the interface.
Chapter 5 ATAPI Interface STANDBY (ATA Command E2) This command is accepted but performs no function. This command causes the device to enter the Standby mode. If the Sector Count register is non-0, then the Standby timer shall be enabled. The value in the Sector Count register shall be used to determine the time programmed into the Standby timer. If the Sector Count register is 0, then the Standby timer is disabled.
ATAPI Interface Chapter 5 STANDBY IMMEDIATE (ATA Command E0) This command is accepted but performs no function. This command causes the device to immediately enter the Standby mode.
Chapter 6 Travan 40 tape format 6 Travan 40 tape format Introduction The Seagate Travan 40 drives conform to the Travan 640 and the QIC-3220-MC recording format standards. These formats are for streaming magnetic tape in a minicartridge that is to be used for information interchange among information processing systems, communication systems, and associated equipment. This chapter provides an overview of the Travan 40 tape format. Tape partitioning The drive uses factory pre-written Travan 40 media.
Travan 40 tape format Chapter 6 The tracks and bands are arranged to allow approximately constant distance between all sequential tracks. Band 1 is located nearest the bottom edge of tape. Band 2 is located above band 1. Continuing up sequentially is band 3 and band 4 (nearest the top edge of tape). The directory track is located between bands 2 and 3.
Chapter 6 Travan 40 tape format Frames are numbered indirectly using the 26 most significant bits of the Physical Block Address. Frame operation is controlled by the drive and generally invisible to the host. Frames are used primarily as a means to control the error correction operations. Frames can be overwritten with new data frames or an End-of-Data (EOD) frame. Append operations can only begin at EOD. An underrun is not allowed in the middle of a frame, regardless of the frame type.
Travan 40 tape format Chapter 6 Blocks Information in the Block Control byte determines the type of block being recorded except for ECC blocks, which are recognized by their block numbers. Also, information about the number of user data bytes available in each data block is recorded in the Block Control byte of the block. The Data Field of the blocks always contains 512 bytes. However, the number of valid data bytes in the block may be less than 512.
Chapter 6 Travan 40 tape format Write equalization The drive uses the technique of write equalization. Write equalization inserts short pulses in the write current to break up the long spacing intervals. These pulses are too short to be detected in the read process but result in significant improvement in read-back resolution. On 1650-Oersted media, write equalization provides the benefit of compatibility with Magneto-Resistive (MR) heads.
Theory of operations Chapter 7 7 Theory of operations Overview The Seagate Travan 40 drives provide a low-cost, high-performance minicartridge backup system that is ideal for stand-alone users or small network computer systems. With capacities of 20.0 Gbytes to 40.0 Gbytes dependent upon media and data compression, this drive offers quick, efficient backup and restore operations. Its throttle feature automatically selects the appropriate transfer rate—1.2 Mbytes per second or 2.
Chapter 7 Theory of operations Drive mechanisms This section generally describes the hardware design features of the Seagate Travan 40 drive. You may want to refer to the block diagrams referenced previously as you read this information. Mechanics The mechanical package for the Travan 40 drive was designed to provide you with all the advantages of easy cartridge loading and unloading while maintaining the positioning accuracy necessary for high-density data recording.
Theory of operations Chapter 7 The 8-Mbyte DRAM data buffer allows the drive to maintain streaming when the host cannot provide data continuously at the tape-streaming rate. The write driver receives data from the write formatter and generates write current, causing data to be written on tape by the tape head. The read channel amplifies and conditions the signal from the tape head and passes it back to the read formatter.
Chapter 7 Theory of operations Drive media (Travan minicartridges) The drive is designed to use Travan 40 cartridges. These small (approximately 2 inches by 3 inches by 0.4 inch) cartridges house 1650-Oersted Gamma Ferric Oxide magnetic tape. Figure 19 shows a Travan minicartridge. Figure 19 Travan minicartridge The cartridge also provides for write protection so that existing data on the cartridge is not overwritten.
Glossary Appendix A Glossary A This section defines some of the acronyms and technical terms used in this manual. ABRT Status register bit: command has been aborted ANSI American National Standards Institute ATA AT (bus) Attachment ATA-1 The first defined standard for ATA devices. ATA-2 Revision 2 of ATA-1 ATA-3 Revision 3 of ATA-1 ATA-4 Revision 4 of ATA-1.
Appendix A Page 124 Glossary BSY Status register bit: device is busy BUFFER Intermediate storage space used to hold data between two processes that proceed at different rates. BUFFER OVERRUN A condition developed when the Host is unable to receive data at the rate required by the tape streaming operation when reading. BUFFER UNDERRUN A condition developed when Host transmits or receives data at a rate less than that required by the tape streaming operation when recording.
Glossary Appendix A (slave). 0=select drive 0 (master) DIRECTORY A table of contents to the various files stored on a computer device (such as a tape or hard disc). DIRECTORY TRACK The track at the centerline of a tape, identified as track 254 by its Track ID frame. DMA Direct Memory Access. The ability to transfer data to/from main memory without the direct involvement of the Host processor. DMA CHANNEL An individual DMA data path. There may be several within a computer system.
Appendix A Glossary FCC (US) Federal Communications Commission FILE MARK An identification block written on tape in response to a command to “Write Filemarks.” FLUX TRANSITION A point on the magnetic tape which exhibits maximum free space flux density normal to the tape surface. FLUX TRANSITION SPACING The distance on the magnetic tape between flux reversals. FRAME A group of 128 blocks forming a complete logical group. Gbyte or GIGABYTE A gigabyte is one billion (1,000,000,000) bytes.
Glossary Appendix A MASTER Device address 0 on an IDE bus Mbyte or MEGABYTE A megabyte is one million (1,000,000) bytes. MTBF Mean Time Between Failures MTTR Mean Time to Repair MULTI-WORD DMA An ATA protocol for DMA that transfers more than one word (2-bytes) during each timing cycle. NIBBLE A group of four binary bits operated on as a unit. NOISE A disturbance of the signal caused by the read channel, write channel, head/tape interaction, or conducted or radiated sources.
Appendix A Glossary RAM Stands for Random Access Memory. It is the memory that the computer uses to hold the operating system and programs, from which all the operations are performed. Most RAMs are volatile, meaning that it is erased when the power is removed from the computer.
Glossary Appendix A UL Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. UDMA See ULTRA DMA. ULTRA DMA An ATA protocol for DMA transfers that can achieve data rates up to 33.3 MB/sec. ULTRA SCSI A SCSI protocol for high speed data transfers ULTRA33 See ULTRA DMA. UNCORRECTED BIT ERROR RATE The probability of a bit being in error, without using any error correction techniques.
