RADring Modular LAN Access HUB Installation and Operation Manual Notice This manual contains information that is proprietary to RAD Data Communications. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without prior written approval by RAD Data Communications. No representation or warranties for fitness for any purpose other than what is specifically mentioned in this manual is made either by RAD Data Communications or its agents.
Warranty This RAD product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, RAD will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by RAD. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to RAD and RAD shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer.
Regulatory Information FCC-15 User Information This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits of the Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
Declaration of Conformity Manufacturer’s Name: RAD Data Communications Ltd. Manufacturer’s Address: 12 Hanechoshet St. Tel Aviv 69710 Israel declares that the product: Product Name: RADring, RADring2, RR-HUB, RR-HUB2 Conforms to the following standard(s) or other normative document(s): EMC: Safety: EN 55022 (1994) Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment.
Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Description ....................................................................................................... 1-1 RADring Hub ........................................................................................................................1-2 RADring Modules..................................................................................................................1-2 Centralized Network Management ................................................
Contents TL-2/ED - Two port Extended Distance Lobe Access Modules..............................................2-21 TL-2/F Two-port Fiber-optic Lobe Access Module................................................................2-23 2.8 RI/RO Modules Functional Description ......................................................................... 2-25 General...............................................................................................................................
Contents Ethernet Modules Placement...............................................................................................3-13 3.12 Replacing The Ventilation Fan .................................................................................... 3-14 Basic Module ......................................................................................................................3-14 High Power Module.................................................................................................
List of Figures Figure 1-1 RADring Application Multimedia, Integrated Remote Connectivity, Centralized Management ............................................................................................. 1-7 Figure 1-2 Stand-alone Hub Application ....................................................................................... 1-9 Figure 1-3 Multiple Rings in Stand-alone Hub ............................................................................. 1-10 Figure 1-4 Multi-Hub Application.........
List of Figures Figure 3-1 Connecting Basic Power Supply Module....................................................................... 3-7 Figure 3-2 Connecting High-Power Power Supply Module ............................................................ 3-8 Figure 3-3 Fan Screw Location in Basic Module .......................................................................... 3-14 Figure 3-4 Fan Connector .......................................................................................................
List of Tables Table 1-1 RADring Modules........................................................................................................... 1-3 Table 2-1 Available RADring Hub Options and Corresponding Power Supplies ............................ 2-47 Table 2-2 Maximum Power Consumption .................................................................................... 2-47 Table 3-1 Strap Selection .....................................................................................................
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 General Description The RADring is a Token Ring and Ethernet connectivity center supporting IEEE802.5 networks at 4 and 16 Mbps and IEEE 802.3 networks at 10 Mbps. The system provides a highly compact, modular approach to the implementation of Token Ring and Ehternet LANs. Various media types including shielded twisted pair (STP), unshielded twisted pair (UTP), Screened UTP, fiber optic cable and coaxial cable are supported.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction RADring Hub The RADring hub is a compact 3U high, 19" enclosure accepting up to 20 modules. These include: • • • • • • • • • • Token Ring (TR) passive access modules TR active access modules TR Ring In/Ring Out modules TR repeater modules TR Elementary Bridge modules Ethernet 10BaseT modules Ethernet fiber-optic modules Ethernet AUI modules Ethernet extension modules System modules Table 1-1 lists the features of these modules.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Table 1-1 RADring Modules Module Type Module Function Passive RR-TL-4/S lobe access Passive Access Module for 4 lobes over STP (2 slot width) RR-TL-4/U Passive Access Module for 4 lobes over UTP RR-TL/SD Passive Access Module for 4 lobes over STP (1 slot width) RR-TL/SU Passive Access Module for 4 lobes over Screened Twisted Pair Description The TL-4 is a plug-in module for interconnecting workstations to the Token Ring network.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Table 1-1 RADring Modules (Cont.) Module Type Module Function Description Ring In Ring Out RR-TIO Ring In/Ring Out Module for trunk connection to adjacent hubs or access units over STP or UTP The TIO is a Token Ring In/Ring Out Module for connection over shielded twisted pair (DB-9) or unshielded twisted pair (RJ-45).
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Table 1-1 RADring Modules (Cont.) Module Type Module Function Description The EPR-4T/FL repeater module connects Ethernet LANs to the RADringII hub. It supports up to 4 UTP or screend UTP ports and one/two fiber-optic ports. 10BaseT Repeater RR-EPR-4T/FL Independent four 10BaseT and one/two 10BaseFL ports repeater for RADring hubs.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Centralized Network Management The Microsoft Windows/PC based RADview Management System provides in-band (SNMP) and out-of-band network management for Token Ring networks. RADview enables complete monitoring and control of the network from a central management station. Two management agents are provided: CML/NM Management Agent Provides physical monitoring and control of the RADring Hub and modules.
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RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction 1.2 System Configuration There are five types of Token Ring RADring modules: General • Lobe Access modules • Ring In/Ring Out modules • Elementary Bridge modules. • System modules Lobe access modules enable Token Ring stations to be connected to the Token Ring using a variety of media types; Ring In/Ring Out modules enable the network to be expanded to adjacent hubs.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Token Ring Configurations Stand-alone Hub Configuration The Stand-alone hub, installed as a single centralized access center, provides up to 80 Token Ring lobe connections (without RI/RO modules). In the Stand-alone hub configuration, RADring can function as a single active central hub (i.e., a central hub that is not connected to another TAU, MAU or hub) or as multiple, separate rings through termination of access modules (see Figure 1-2).
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Figure 1-3 illustrates multiple rings in a stand-alone hub.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Multi-hub Configuration The Multi-hub configuration is defined as a number of hubs connected via Ring-In/Ring-Out modules, for expanding the ring size. Ring In/Ring Out modules and repeaters, such as the TIO, TFC, TCR or TFR, enable expansion of the system through connection to other hubs or TAUs. Detailed application information for each of the RI/RO and repeater modules is provided in Chapter 2. Figure 1-4 depicts a multi-hub application.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Sattelite Configuration The Satellite configuration is installed as part of a larger network through the connection of additional hubs as in the Multi-hub configuration. The Satellite configuration lobes are used to create a star topology by connecting access units or hubs to the lobes of a central hub rather than RI/RO ports. The remaining lobes can be used to connect to the stations.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Mixed Configuration The Mixed Configuration, consisting of the RADring hub and the trunk access unit is installed as part of a large network, as in the Multi-hub and Satellite configurations, by connecting hubs and IEEE 802.5 compatible access units.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Multiple-Ring Configuration RADring supports multiple independent rings in the same hub. Separation of rings is achieved by placement of Ring-In/Ring-Out modules or repeaters between the rings, or by setting an access module to terminate the ring. The number of separate rings is not limited and allows a mix of 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps rings. An example is shown in Figure 1-7, where 4 and 16 Mbps rings are connected via bridges to a 16 Mbps backbone.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Ethernet Configurations Ethernet Stand-Alone Configuration The stand alone hub, installed as a single centralized access center, provides up to 80 Ethernet port sconnections (see Figure 1-8).
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Ethernet Multi-Hub Configuration The multi-hub configuration, is defined as a number of hubs, which provide up to several hundreds of Ethernet ports connections (see Figure 1-9). The maximal number of hubs is limited by the rule that no more than four repeaters can be installed between each two Ethernet stations (each hub is considered as a repeater).
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Ethernet Star Configuration The Star configuration is used in order to connect several floors or groups of stations to one center, which can be a part of a larger network. Figure 1-10 depicts an Ethernet star application.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction Remote Ethernet Configuration R R -E P -1T /2 W The remote Ethernet configuration enables the connection of remote stations to a central hub. The remote stations can be connected to the hub via any standard WAN connection (V.35, V.24, etc.), as shown in Figure 1-11. The remote Ehternet stations are connected to the RADringII via modems (such as the ASMi-50).
RADring Installation & Operation Manual RADring Hub Configuration E P R -4T /F L Introduction The old version of RADring hubs does not support the Ethernet connections (the hubs do not contain Ethernet backbone). When such hubs are used, only EPR modules can be employed. Each module is an independent repeater, which is connected to another module via an Inter Repeater Link (IRL), as shown in Figure 1-12.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Introduction 1.3 Technical Specifications Complies with IEEE 802.5 16 or 4 Mbps amd IEEE 802.3 10 Mbps, 21 slot card rack. Physical Height 133 mm / 5.2 in (3U) Width 483 mm / 19 in Depth 248 mm / 9.6 in 294 mm / 11.6 in (High Power) Weight 4.1 kg / 1.86 lb 4.6 kg / 10.
Chapter 2 Functional Description 2.1 Introduction This chapter provides a basic introduction to Token-Ring and Ethernet Operation, and describes the functional operation of the RADring Hub and each of the modules. 2.2 General Token Ring Logical Topology In a Token Ring LAN, computers, devices and stations are connected in a closed path called a ring. The data signal is transmitted from one station to the next on the ring, and retransmitted by every active station on the ring (see Figure 2-1).
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Physical Topology Stations are connected to the ring by means of access units (wire concentrators) or hubs, such that the physical topology is that of a star (see Figure 2-2). This topology allows central connection and management of the cabling. The access unit or hub will insert the station into the ring only on request from the station, otherwise the station will be bypassed.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description 2.3 Radring Functional Description - Token Ring General The RADring is a compact modular access center enabling connection of stations to IEEE 802.5 Token Ring networks and IEEE 802.3 Ethernet networks. RADring provides a highly granular and flexible approach to building a Token Ring and Ethernet networks. It also ensures high network reliability and fault tolerance.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Stand Alone The RADring hub can be configured as a stand-alone hub without RI or RO modules. The ring is automatically closed by use of the back-up path on the back plane. A station is connected into the ring when a phantom current from the station is detected. If the station is turned off, or the cable disconnected or faulty, the lobe is automatically disabled. An empty slot is automatically bypassed.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description 5,1* 5,1* 7(50,1$7(' 02'8/( %$&.83 %$&.83 0$,1 0$,1 Figure 2-4 Lobe access Module Termination 52 02'8/( %$&.83 5, 02'8/( %$&.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Several RADring hubs can be connected together to form a single large ring, by connecting Trunk cables between ring in and ring out ports of adjacent hubs/access units. RADring RI/RO or repeater modules provide automatic cable break protection. Distances between hubs are defined by the type of RI/RO or repeater module being used, and the media quality.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual TL-2/F TFC TL-2 /F Functional Description TL-4/S D CML/NM TL-4 /SD C H1 C H1 1 2 C H2 TX 1 3 C H1 C H1 RX 1 & 2 RX TX TX C H2 C H2 RX 3 & 4 RX RE S E T TC R FIBE R C H2 2 4 TX C O P P E R O P TIC S AT ELLITE S AT ELLITE R AD ring B AC KU P TCR CML/NM C H1 C H2 U T P S T P M A IN RE S E T R AD ring TFC B AC KU P TFC C H1 CML/NM C H1 C H2 C H2 TX C H1 RX TX C H2 RX M A IN RE S E T Figure 2-7 Satellite Configuration Mixed Conf
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description CM L /NM CH1 CH2 R ESET AC C E SS U N IT RO RI M A IN RI M A IN BA C KU P S-TAU BA C KU P RO F iber O ptic TAU CM L /NM CH1 CH2 S-TAU R ESET RO RI BA C KU P M A IN Figure 2-8 Mixed Hub and TAU Configuration 2-8 General Ethernet 3/11/98 12:33
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description 2.4 General Ethernet Logical Topology In an Ethernet LAN, computers Ethernet devices and stations are connected to a segment. The data signal is transmitted from one station to the others via a star connection. Each station transmits in accordance with its independent 10MHz clock. A node starts to transmit data when it detects that no other node is transmitting.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description 2.5 RADring Functional Description - Ethernet System Operating Several Ethernet segments can be set when the RADring hub is used. A station is a part of the hub’s segment when it is connected to the hub - Ethernet through an EP module. Two or more hub segments can be connected through an IRL (inter Repeater Link) into one large segment. In that case, the stations of all the hubs are part of the same segment.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Multi Segment Configuration The RADring can be configured to support several segments. A segment can be connected over the Ethernet backplane (hub segment) or via a card which is not connected to the backplane (an EPR module or an EP module configured to work in a stand alone mode). Up to 10 segments can be connected to a RADring hub. Each segment module serves as a star for its own segment (see Figure 2-11).
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Multiple Hub Configuration Several RADring hubs cab be connected together to form a single large segment, by connecting IRL cables between two hubs. The distances between two hubs or between a hub and a station are defined by the type of the cable and the Ethernet LAN limitations. Loops are not allowed.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Remote Ethernet Configuration R R -EP -1 T /2 W The remote Ethernet Configuration enables the connection of a remote LAN/station to a RADring hub. The remote stations can be connected via any standard WAN connection, such as V.35, V.24 etc. E th e rn e t AT M /F a s t E th e rne t U p lin k E th e rn e t S w itch R A D rin g II w ith R R -E P -1 T /2 W m o d u le s V.3 5 V.3 5 V.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description 2.6 Module Functional Description General All RADring modules support both 4 and 16 Mbps Token Ring over the following media: UTP (100 Ω) Enhanced UTP (100 Ω) Screened UTP (100 Ω) Coaxial Cable (93 Ω) STP (150 Ω) Fiber-optic Regular Unshielded Twisted Pair such as IBM Type 3 and AT&T SYSTIMAX PDS 1010. Use of UTP requires media filter at active stations (if it is not supported by the station's adapter card).
RADring Installation & Operation Manual RADring Token Ring Modules Functional Description RADring Token Ring modules meet all the applicable requirements of the IEEE 802.5 standard. They support both 16 and 4 Mbps Token Ring networks, and are fully compatible with IBM Token Ring.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Protocol Converter Module • STC-2 two port SDLC to Token Ring Converter Modules can operate at temperatures of 0-40°C (32-104°F), at a humidity up to 90%, non-condensing. Modules are designed to meet radiation suppression, FCC part 15, subpart J, class A. The following sections describe the functional operation of the modules. RADring Ethernet Modules RADring Ethernet modules meet all the applicable requirements of IEEE 802.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description 2.7 Access Modules Functional Description TL-4 Four-port Lobe Access Modules The TL-4 lobe access modules include four independent lobe interfaces, enabling attachment of four stations to the ring. Each lobe circuit is normally in bypass unless the attached station requests insertion into the ring. The lobe circuit remains in bypass if the station is inactive, to indicate that the lobe cable is disconnected or there is a cable fault.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Medium Type 4 Mbps 16 Mbps TL-4/AS & TL-4/ASD 500m 300m TL-4/AU Level II (IBM Type 3) 100m 100m TL-4/AU Level IV (AT&T 1061) 250m 150m TL-4/AU Level V (QT&T 2061) 300m 180m TL-4/ASU 250m 150m TL-4/CX 300m 100m R IN G 1 R IN G 2 R IN G 3 T E R M IN AT E D M O DU LE T E R M IN AT E D M O DU LE TL -4 /AU TL -4 /AU TL -4 /AU 1 3 1 3 1 3 2 4 2 4 2 4 TL -4 /S 1 3 TL -4 /S 1 3 2 4 T E R M IN AT E D M O DU LE T
RADring Installation & Operation Manual TL-4 TL-4/ASU Functional Description Module with four RJ-45 connectors, occupying one slot. This version is intended for use with unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables, such as IBM Type 3, AT&T 1010, 1061 or Northern Telecom BDN. Type-3 media filters, such as the RAD MF-3, must be used at the workstation connection, if no media filter is integrated in the Token Ring Adapter. A media filter is integrated into each lobe, to comply with RFI and impedance requirements.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description The TL-4 passive modules are available in three media versions: TL-4/S TL-4/SD TL-4/U TL-4/SU Module with four BNC connectors, occupying one slot. This version is intended for use with coaxial cable. Each station is connected over a single 93 ohm (RG-62) coax cable. At the station side, a special DB-9/BNC (TXC) balun must be used. A special module is available for RG-59 (75Ω) coaxial cable.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual TIO Functional Description TL -4/U TL -4/C X TL -4/S TIO C M L /N M CH1 1 3 2 4 1 3 1 3 2 4 1 1 U T P S T P CH2 2 4 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 U T P S T P RESET RI RO R G -62 4 M b p s- 2 0 0m 1 6M bp s- 1 0 0 m U TP 4M bps-180m 16M bps- 90m S TP 4M bps- 375m 16M bps- 180m Figure 2-15 TL-4 Passive Access Modules TL-2/ED - Two port Extended Distance Lobe Access Modules The TL-2 module provides two independent lobe interfaces for connection of
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Medium Type 4 Mbps 16Mbps TL-2/EDU (Type 3) 350m 180m TL-2/EDU (Level IV) 400m 200m TL-2/EDU (Level V) 450m 220m TL-2/EDS (Type 1) 700m 350m TL-2/EDSU (Screened TP) 400m 200m Status indicators are provided for module power management control and lobe activity.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual TL-2/EDU TL-2/EDSU TL-2/F Two-port Fiber-optic Lobe Access Module Functional Description Module for Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) providing RJ-45 connection. This version is intended for use with common UTP cabling systems such as AT&T PDS SYSTIMAX 1010, 1061 & 2061 cables, IBM Type 3 and compatible 100Ω unshielded twisted pair cable. Each lobe incorporates a media filter, complying with RFI and impedance matching requirements.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description 7/ ) 7/ ) 7,2 7/ ) 7/ ) 7; &+ 8 7 3 &+ &0/ 10 &+ &+ 7; &+ 5; 7; 6 7 3 7,2 5; 8 7 3 7; &+ 5; 6 7 3 5; 5(6(7 6 7$8 TFC T F C/S A TFC 6$7(//,7( 81,7 7,2 7,2 &0/ 10 &+ 8 8 7 7 3 3 6 6 7 7 3 3 &+ 5 ( 6 ( 7 Figure 2-17 TL-2/F Fiber-optic Lobe Access Modules The optical output power for the TL-2/F is: • -22 dBm into 50/125 fiber • -18 dBm into 62.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description 2.8 RI/RO Modules Functional Description General The RI/RO modules provide connection to adjacent hubs/access units, enabling ring expansion. There are three types of RI/RO modules: Transparent RI/RO - (TIO module) The TIO module is transparent to the Token Ring Signal. Repeaters - (TFR and TCR modules) The TFR and TCR modules provide full retiming, regeneration and jitter attenuation of the Token Ring signal.
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RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Automatic cable break protection (TCP) will automatically loop the ring around (using the back-up path) when the cable is damaged, as in the short-circuit-on-disconnect function of the IBM data connector. This feature will function when installed opposite another RADring hub equipped with the TIO. It can be disabled to achieve plug compatibility with equipment which does not have a cable break protection facility.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description TCR Functions The diagram presented in this section shows the basic applications of the TCR. The TCR repeater can be switched to either Ring-In or Ring-Out. The Ring-Out repeater provides retiming regeneration and jitter reduction on the main path, and the Ring-In repeater provides the same on the back-up path.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Cable Break Protection All the TCR repeater models include cable break protection. The cable break protection function automatically detecting any break in the ring cable and loops the main path to the back-up path to maintain ring continuity. This is illustrated in the diagram below, which shows what happens on the ring segment when one of the cable pairs breaks or is accidentally disconnected at a patch panel.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Protection in Case of Power Loss In case of power loss, the TCR automatically loops the main path to the backup, as shown below. Note that in this case, the repeater is not included in the ring (because it is not powered).
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description The (nominal) output level is 4 V ptp (on 150 ohms), while the minimum input level is 200 mV ptp. The input impedance used by the TCR is 150 15 ohms for STP and 100 10 ohms for UTP. Design rules with TCR are provided in Chapter 6.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description TFR Functions The TFR fiber-optic repeaters perform two functions: conversion between electrical and optical signals, and repeating. In the application diagrams below, RADring hubs located at distant sites are interconnected by a fiber-optic segment, terminated by two TFR modules. A simplified functional diagram of the TFR module and its fiber-optic segment is presented in the diagram of this section.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Lower jitter increases the maximum number of stations that can be connected to the ring. The jitter attenuator can be switched on or off by a dip switch. The regenerated signal is applied to the TFR fiber-optic transmitter, which converts the electrical signal to an optical one, and sends it via the fiber-optic cable to the other site.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Cable Break Protection All the RAD TFR repeater models include cable break protection. A dip switch located on the TFR card allows the user to disable this function when one TFR operates in a link terminated at the other end in a fiber-optic repeater or converter using an incompatible cable break protection method or no cable break protection at all.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Protection in Case of Power Loss In case of power loss, the TFR automatically loops the main path to the back-up path, as shown below. Note that in this situation, the repeater is not included in the ring (as it is not powered). When the cable break protection is enabled and the optical input signal is lost, the TFR at the far end will also detect the loss and will perform looping to the back-up path.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description The TFC is a Token Ring Fiber-optic Converter module for connecting trunks to adjacent hubs or access units over fiber-optic cable. The TFC converts the electrical signal to an optical one and vice versa. It can be configured to work as Ring In or Ring Out in the fiber-optic trunk. The TFC also supports the satellite configuration.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual T F C /2 Functional Description (O r TX T L-2/F ) T F C /2 M A IN TX RX TX RX REDUNDANT RX TX RX RED UNDA NT LINK BEC OM E S A CTIV E Figure 2-29 Functional Diagram of Redundant Fiber-optic Indicators for the TFC include: Power On, Fault (ON when optical signal loss condition exists, BLINKING when remote TFC is under optical signal loss condition), Module configured as Ring In and Module configured as Ring Out, and Module under network management control.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Cable Break Protection In addition to the fault tolerance of the TFC/2 redundant link, cable break protection is provided on each link. The cable break protection function automatically detects breaks in the fiber-optic cable and loops the main path to the back-up path, in order to maintain ring continuity.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description 2.9 Elementary Bridge Modules Functional Description TRE Token Ring Elementary Bridge Module The TRE-8D Token Ring Elementary Bridge Module connects a LAN consisting of 80 remote workstations to the central Token Ring LAN. Connection is made through a synchronous or asynchronous serial communication link, operating at data rates of 1.2 to 512 Kbps, over point-to-point or public networks. Link operation at data rates of 9.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description RADview Support The TRE module supports the RADview Management System, allowing the status and parameters of the LAN, and the serial link, to be displayed at the RADview Management Station. Commands can be performed on the TRE module by the station operator using graphical representation, pull-down menus and dialog boxes. Management of the remote sites is provided via the TRE's link using the in-band management protocol.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description 2.10 Management Modules Functional Description The RADring hub and all resident modules are managed from the RADview Management Station via the CML/NM card which acts as the RADring hub module agent, and the CML/IB in-band management agent, which provides in-band management of the network. The RADview Management Software Application runs on an Pentium PC (or compatible), under Microsoft Windows.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description The CML/NM communicates any events or modification when polled by the management station. The CML/NM is the RADring hub module equivalent to the Token Ring Management Adapter (TMA) which is the agent for S-TAUs and F-TAUs. RADring hubs and TAUs can be managed under the same RADview management station.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description 2.11 Ethernet Modules Functional Description Multiport Repeater Module EP-8T The EP-8T is an eight 10BaseT ports repeater. It can only be used with a RADring hub which contains an Ethernet bus. The repeater is either connected to the hub’s Ethernet bus as a part of an Ethernet segment, or works as an independent repeater in stand alone mode.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description EP-4T/FL The EP-4T/FL module contains four 10BaseT ports and one/two 10BaseFL ports. It can only be connected to a RADring hub with an Ethernet bus. The module is either connected to the hub’s Ethernet bus as part of an Ethernet segment, or it works as an independent repeater in stand alone mode.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Independent Multiport Repeater Modules EPR-8T The EPR-8T module is an eight 10BaseT ports repeater. It can only be connected to a RADring hub without an Ethernet bus. The module functions in stand alone mode as an Independent Multiport Repeater. The EPR-8T can be connected to an additional RADring Ethernet module in an Inter Repeater Link (IRL). Such a connection requires one crossover cable.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description EPR-4T/FL The EPR-4T/FL module has four 10BaseT ports and one/two 10BaseFL ports. It can only be connected to a RADring hub without an Ethernet bus. The module functions in stand alone mode as an Independent Multiport Repeater. The EPR-4T/AUI can be connected to an additional RADring Ethernet module in an Inter Repeater Link (IRL). Such a connection requires one crossover cable.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description 2.12 Power Consumption The modularity of the RADring allows the use of a wide variety of modules, each with a different power requirement. Hub Power Supply The power supply of the RADring depends on which option is chosen. Table 2-1 below indicates the available options and their corresponding power supplies.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Functional Description Table 2-2 Maximum Power Consumption (Cont.) Module Maximum Power Consumption EP-4T/FL 1A EP-1T/2W 0.55A TRE-8D 1.0A FTB 3A SAT 0.2A For any given configuration, the total power consumption of all the modules located in the hub is calculated as the sum of the individual power consumptions of the modules as shown in the above table. The total power consumption should be less than the maximum power supply of the hub.
Chapter 3 System Installation 3.1 General The RADring hub is a compact 3U high 19" enclosure accepting up to 20 RADring modules. The hub incorporates a common logic module (CML) which can optionally include network management support (CML/NM) and one or two power supplies. When two power supplies are installed additional reliability is achieved, with each power supply capable of fully supporting a fully loaded hub.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation 3.2 Unpacking Before Unpacking Inspect the equipment container before unpacking. Note and report evidence of damage immediately. Unpacking Procedure 1. Place the container on a clean flat surface, cut all straps and open or remove top. 2. Remove the RADring carefully and place it securely on a clean surface. 3. Remove all packing material. 4. Inspect the product for damage. Report evidence of damage immediately. 5. Attach handles to the rack.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation 3.4 Installation of RADring Enclosure 1. Place the RADring hub enclosure in the intended location. 2. Remove blank panels (if existing) from the slots in which the modules are to be installed 3. Specify on the CML or CML/NM module through switch `selection which of the two power supply options will be used 4.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation 3.5 Common Logic Module (CML/NM) Setting & Installation Prior to inserting the CML/NM module card, the following switch-settings must be set (details of each strap selection are given in Table 3-1): DCE-DTE Set to DCE for direct connection to a RADview management station. Set to DTE for connection via a modem link. Bit Rate Set the bit rate used on the RS-232/V.24 link connected to the RADview station (dipswitch selection can be 1,2, or 3 bits).
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation Insertion of the CML or CML/NM module is straightforward: Caution 1. Insert the module into the last slot. Check that the component side of the board faces to the right. Push the module into the slot until it reaches the end. 2. Press firmly on the module to fully insert it into the connector on the motherboard. 3. Secure the module by tightening its panel screw. Static electricity can severely damage micro-circuits.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation 3.6 Inserting Module Cards Each slot in the 20-slot rack will accept any type of module, outside of the CML or CML/NM modules. Insertion or removal of modules requires no powering down of the RADring, and does not affect the operation of other modules already installed in the RADring. Caution 1. Select an appropriate slot for the module, according to the required configuration. 2. Set the jumper settings as required (see Chapter 5). 3.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation 3.8 Connecting Redundant Power Supply Basic Module Note 1. Disconnect all power from the RADring hub and place the hub up-side-down on a flat surface. 2. Remove the panel covering the opening for the additional power supply. The cover is held in place by four screws. 3. Connect the Molex connector of the cord attached to the power supply to the JP2 connector on the mother board. 4.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation High Power Module 1. Disconnect all power from the RADring hub and place the hub upside-down on a flat surface. 2. Remove the panel covering the opening for the additional power supply. The cover is held in place by four screws. 3. Connect the Molex connector of the cord attached to the power supply to the JP2 connector on the mother board. 4.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation 3.9 Connector Types RJ-45 Connectors Table 3-2 lists the pin assignment and functions for the various types of RJ-45 connectors included in the modules.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation Table 3-4 RJ-45 Connector Pin Assignment for Ethernet modules RJ-45 Pin Function 1 Tx + Transmit wire from module to node 2 Tx - Transmit wire from module to node 3 Rx + Receive wire from node to module 6 Rx - Receive wire from node to module Case Connect wire to the hub’s shield Table 3-5 DB-15 Connector Pin Assignment for Ethernet modules DB-15 Pin 3-10 Function 1, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14 Connect wires to the module’s GROUND 3 DO + Tr
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation 3.10 Cabling Cabling is one of the most critical components in any data network, especially in high-speed networks such as the Token Ring and Ethernet. By using only high quality cabling of certified performance, manufactured by reputable companies, can significant improvement in network reliability and performance be achieved.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation Special Considerations Impedance of STP and UTP The normal characteristic impedance of unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable, e.g. IBM Type 3 cable, is 100 ohms, and that of shielded twisted pair (STP) cable, e.g. IBM Type 1, 2 and 6, is 150 ohms. Token Ring Network Interface Cards Token Ring Network Interface Cards use DB-9 female connectors and are designed for STP (150 ohms) cables. Some NICs also provide interface to UTP via RJ-45 connectors.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation 3.11 Module Placement Guidelines Management Cards The CML/NM card is always installed in the far right-hand slot (slot 21). Ring Separation Install the TL/2 and TL/4 modules serving one ring side by side, in one continuous cluster. There can be empty slots between modules; the signal continues along the backplane to the next station which is inserted into the ring.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation 3.12 Replacing The Ventilation Fan Basic Module 1. Remove the four screws holding the power supply to the hub enclosure. The screws are marked 1 through 4 in the illustration below. 1 2 3 4 Figure 3-3 Fan Screw Location in Basic Module 2. Disconnect the connector terminating the fan wires from the hub. F an C onne ctor Figure 3-4 Fan Connector 3-14 3. Attach the new fan module in place of the old one. 4.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual High Power Module System Installation 1. Remove the four screws holding the power supply to the hub enclosure. The screws are marked 1 through 4 on the illustration below. 2. Remove the four screws, marked a through d, that attach the fan to the faceplate. Figure 3-5 Fan Screw Location in High Power Module 3. Disconnect the connector terminating the fan wires from the hub. 4. Cut the fan wires approximately at mid-length and discard the fan.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual System Installation 3-16 5. Attach the wires of the replacement fan to the connector wires using the joiner supplied in the replacement kit. Be sure to attach the RED connector wire to the RED fan wire and the BLACK connector wire to the BLACK fan wire. When the wires are inserted in the joiner, press firmly on the joiner top to lock the wires in place. 6. Reattach the connector to the hub. 7. Reattach the fan to the faceplate using the screws a - d. 8.
Chapter 4 Operation 4.1 Operating Procedure After completion of System Installation Procedures (Chapter 3), the AC power mains plug should be inserted in the RADring and then to a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. The protective action must not be negated by use of an extension (power cable) without a protective conductor (grounding). Note Initialization Note Grounding - The RADring should always be grounded through the protective earth lead of the power cables. 1.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Operation 4.2 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting All of the module cards use a common set of indicators which are displayed in Table 4-1 below. Table 4-1 Common Module Indicators LED Name Color Meaning PWR Green Lights when module receives power from the MNG Green Lights when a command received from network management is being executed on the individual card POWER LED does not light: • • • Check that the module is properly inserted in the slot.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Operation These modules have PWR, MNG and PORT LEDs. The common set of LED port conditions utilized by the lobe modules are presented in Table 4-2.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Operation All of the Ring In/Ring Out Modules share a common set of LEDs which are presented in Table 4-3 below.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Operation Each module has PWR, HNG and PORT LEDs. The common set of LED port conditions utilized by the Ethernet modules are presented in Table 4-4.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Operation TRE Modules The TRE module LEDs are presented in Table 4-5 below.
Chapter 5 RADring Modules The modules for the RADring are divided into the following groups: System Modules CML-NM CML-IB CML-IB-E TJA Ring In/Ring Out Modules TIO TFR TCR TFC Port Access Modules TL-2/F TL-2/ED TL-4 TL-4/A TL-4/CX SAT Ethernet Modules EP-4T/AUI EP-4T/FL EP-4FL EP-8T EP-1T/2W Routers TRE FDDI Bridges FTB Local Bridges MLB-T RADring Installation and Operation Manual 5-1
RADring Modules Operation & Installation 5-2 RADring Installation and Operation Manual
Chapter 6 Token Ring Design Considerations 6.1 Introduction The planning of a new Token Ring LAN, or the extension of an existing LAN, must take into consideration a number of objectives including: • Which organizational expectations should be fulfilled by the LAN. • What types of functions are required by the end users. • The geographic extent of the network and the number of users.
Token Ring Desing Considerations RADring Installation & Operation Manual A typical design procedure consists of the following steps: 1. Define location of nodes 2. Define location of future nodes 3. Select the topology 4. Define location of wiring closets 5. Select the media to be used 6. Complete a cabling table 7. Calculate the worst-case scenario 8. If required, decide upon placement of repeaters and/or bridges 9. Verify network design 10. Calculate the cost per node 11.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Design Rules Basics Token Ring Desing Considerations Attenuation The total attenuation of the ring electrical signal in a LAN without repeaters, under the worst-case scenario, must not exceed 26dB. The maximum allowable attenuation is increased by 26dB for each repeater, and can be translated into distance according to the attenuation of each type of cable (See Table 6-1 and Table 6-2).
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations Table 6-1 IBM Cabling System Cable Types Description Attenuation (dB/Km) NEXT@ 16 MHz Application 4 Mbps 16 Mbps TYPE 1 Two shielded twisted Data Cable pairs of non-plenum AWG 22 solid copper conductors (plenum) 22 45 -40 dB Main ring path.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations Table 6-2 UTP Cabling System Cable Types Description Attenuation (dB/km) Characteristic Impedance @ 10 MHz NEXT@ 10 MHz 4 Mbps 16 Mbps 50 100 85 - 115Ω 23 dB Typical EIA EIA standard UTP RS-568 Cable =50 100 100Ω 30 dB AT&T Systimac 2061A Super UTP cable with special polymer insulator -40 82 100Ω 44 dB Northern Telecom BDN Super UTP cable with special polymer insulator -45 93 100Ω 37 dB IBM Type 3 Two or m
Token Ring Desing Considerations RADring Installation & Operation Manual Step 2 - Worst Case Design Once the station is inserted, the second limitation comes into play. This limitation is defined in terms of a worst-case situation, where the station in question is the first station on the ring, and in addition is situated on the longest lobe (the lobe with the highest attenuation).
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations Table 6-3 Lobe Distances and Station Count Lobe Media STP UTP Screened UTP Coax Product Media Type Lobe Distances 16 Mbps 4 Mbps TJA module or repeater with jitter attenuation should be used: TLS-4/S(D) Type 1 200m 400m Not required TLS-4/AS Type 1 350m 700m Every 40 active stations TL-4/U Type 3 Level IV and V 70m 100m 100m 180m If 72 stations exceeded TL-4/AU Level IV and V 180m 350m Every 30 stations
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations • • Passive lobe – signal must cover the length of the lobe twice without regeneration Active lobe – signal must cover one lobe length before being regenerated at the lobe.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations 6.3 Maximum Number of Stations per Ring and the TJA Module A limiting factor in determining the maximum number of stations per ring is the correlated jitter introduced into the token ring signal by active stations, active lobes and long, low quality cables.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations Distance Between Hubs The maximum guaranteed distance between hubs is defined in Table 6-4 with respect to which RI/RO modules are used and which media.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Fiber Network Design Considerations Token Ring Desing Considerations In general, Token Ring networks with two different transmission media copper (STP or UTP) and fiber optic cable - can incorporate either TFC modules or TFR modules. The major differences between the TFC and the TFR are: 1. The TFR provides full repeating and jitter attenuation while the TFC simply converts from copper to fiber. 2. The TFC is available with a two-link option. 3.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations In dB, this means that 6dB more power (10 log4 = 6) is coupled into the 100/140 micron fiber. In practice, the ratio is even higher (close to 7dB, considering the N.A. factor of the fiber). For the same reasons, the power coupled into a 100/140 micron fiber is 4dB higher than the energy coupled into a 62.5/125 micron fiber. Note The RADring modules can operate with all the common core diameters: 50/125, 62.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations Losses in Optical Fibers Typical losses that must be considered when calculating losses in actual fiber optic links are as follows: Cable Losses 3-5 dB/km Connector Losses 1 - 2dB/connector Splice Losses 0.1 - 0.3dB/splice Aging, Temperature 3dB The values given above are to be used as guidelines. Always use cable and connector losses specified by the manufacturer. Connectors are the weakest point.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations Fiber Optic Calculation Example with Connectors and Splices • TFR or TFC singlemode or multimode • Over 9, 50, 62.5 or 100 microns fiber • Two splices and one connector Standard 850 nm 6-14 1300 nm Fiber Type 50 microns 62.5 microns 100 microns 9 microns (singlemode) Input Power -22 dBm -18 dBm -14 dBm -18 dBm Sensitivity -32 dBm -32 dBm -32 dBm -33 dBm Budget 10 dB 14 dB 18 dB 15 dB Conn. Loss 0.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations Preventing Saturation of Optical Receivers Optical receivers are optimized for operation at low optical power levels (long cable runs). When the optical input power reaching the receiver is too high, the receiver may saturate. Saturation causes pulse distortion, resulting in very high bit error rate, high enough to disrupt data transmission. It is therefore essential to prevent receiver saturation.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations T L-4/A SU T L-2/F T L-2/F T L-2/F T L-4/S T L-4/U T L-4/U T L -2 /ED T FR T L -2 /ED C M L/ NM CH 1 T T C J R A 1 3 1 2 2 4 1 2 TX 1 TX CH 1 1 3 1 2 1 3 2 4 CH 1 RX RX TX TX TX CH 2 CH 2 1 2 4 RX 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 2 TX CH 2 RX 1 3 TX CH 1 RX 2 3 2 4 RX RX 3 4 4 4 4 T C R CH 2 RE SET TC R TC R (L) Figure 6-4 Multiple hubs: Copper RI/RO, Passive lobes Access Module Type
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations T L-2/F T L - 4/A SU T L - 2/F T L - 2/F T L - 2/F T L - 4/S T L - 4/U T L - 4/U TL-2/ED TFR TL-2/ED C M L /NM CH1 T F R 1 3 2 4 1 2 1 2 TX 1 CH1 1 3 1 2 TX CH1 1 3 2 4 RX RX TX TX TX CH2 CH2 RX 1 CH2 2 4 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 TX RX 3 4 1 2 CH2 RX 1 3 TX CH1 RX 2 3 2 4 4 4 RX 4 RE SET T L-2/F / Figure 6-6 Satellite hub: Passive lobes Access Module Type Media Type Guaranteed
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations TL-4/ASU TL-2 /F TL-2 /F TL-4 /S TL-2 /F TL-4/U TL -2/ED TFR TL -2/ED CML/NM C H1 1 3 1 2 4 1 2 1 2 TX C H1 1 2 TX C H1 1 3 2 4 TX C H1 RX RX RX TX TX TX 1 2 2 3 C H2 C H2 RX C H2 RX RX 3 4 4 T J A 1 3 2 4 1 2 1 1 TX 3 RX 4 2 2 T J A C H2 R ESET / Figure 6-7 Single Hub: Active lobes Access Module Type Media Type Guaranteed lobe Distance (L) 4 Mbps 16 Mbps TL-4/U type 3 100 m 100
RADring Installation & Operation Manual TL-4/ASU TL-2 /F TL-2 /F Token Ring Desing Considerations TL-4 /S TL-2 /F TL-4/U TL -2/ED TFR TL -2/ED CML/NM C H1 1 3 1 2 4 1 2 1 2 TX C H1 TX C H1 RX 1 3 1 2 2 4 TX C H1 RX RX 1 2 2 TX 3 C H2 TX C H2 RX TX C H2 RX RX 3 4 4 T J A 1 3 C H2 2 4 1 1 2 1 TX 3 RX 2 4 A C TIV E L O B E S 2 R ESET PA S S IV E LO B E S / Figure 6-8 Mixed Passive and Active lobes Access Module Type Media Type Guaranteed lobe Distance (L) 4
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Token Ring Desing Considerations TL-4/ASU TL-2 /F TL-2 /F TL-4 /S TL-2 /F TFR TL -2/ED TL-4/U CML/NM C H1 1 3 1 2 4 1 2 1 2 TX C H1 1 2 TX C H1 1 3 1 3 2 4 TX 1 C H1 RX RX RX TX TX TX 1 2 2 3 2 C H2 C H2 RX 3 C H2 RX 4 RX 3 4 4 2 4 T J A 1 TX RX 2 T J A C H2 R ESET TLR (L) Figure 6-9 Integrated TLR Application Access Module Type Media Type Guaranteed lobe Distance (L) 4 Mbps 6-20 16 Mbps TL-2/EDU type 3 350 m 1
Chapter 7 Ethernet Design Considerations 7.1 Introduction The planning of a new Ethernet LAN, or the extension of an existing LAN, must take into consideration a number of objectives including: • Which organizational expectations should be fulfilled by the LAN. • What types of functions are required by the end users. • The geographic extent of the network and the number of users.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Ethernet Design Considerations If problems are found, network design is refined by dividing stations into smaller segments, using cable with lower attenuation and similar solutions. After several iterations, a reliable, cost-efficient design is obtained. A typical design procedure consists of the following steps: 1. Define location of nodes 2. Define location of future nodes 3. Select the topology 4. Define location of wiring closets 5.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Ethernet Design Considerations 7.2 Ethernet Physical Design Design Methods When determining the physical feasibility of your Ethernet Network, there are two basic limitations that have to be taken into account: • Distance limitations • Repeater count limitations. Any configuration is allowed if it meets the Repeater count limitations and the Distance limitations.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Ethernet Design Considerations The Wrong Way: RADring IRL RADring IRL B RADring IRL RADring IRL RADring A The recommended Topology: IRL RADring RADring IR L L IR RADring IRL RADring RADring IBM PS/2 IBM PS/2 RADring IRL L IR IR L RADring RADring IBM PS/2 IBM PS/2 Second Way: The other way to overcome the Repeater Count Limitations is to divide the network into more than one segment.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Ethernet Design Considerations 7.3 Fiber Optic Design Considerations • Fiber Optic Modules Network Design • Considerations • Fiber Network Design Considerations Use Fiber Optic Modules for long links, as a replacement for UTP modules. You will achieve better performance and higher reliability. Use Fiber Optic Modules to carry sensitive information by fiber-optic cable on exposed, outdoor segments.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Ethernet Design Considerations Losses in Optical Fibers Losses are expressed in dB. Losses (dB) = 10log Pin Pout Where Pin is the power coupled into the fiber, and Pout is the power reaching the other end of the fiber. Typical losses of graded-index fibers at a wavelength of 820mm (the common LED wavelength) are as follows: 50/125 micron: 3.0 - 3.5dB/km 62.5/125 micron: 3.5 - 4.0dB/km Multimode 100/140 micron: 4.5 - 5.
RADring Installation & Operation Manual Ethernet Design Considerations Connector losses decrease as fiber diameter increases. Example: Optical link (ring segment) with 3 km of 100/140 micron fiber. Cable Loss 3 X 4.5dB/km = 13.5dB Connector Loss 2 X 1.5dB = 3.0dB Total Losses 16.5 dB Link Budget 18dB Link Margin (aging,, splices) 1.
Ethernet Design Considerations RADring Installation & Operation Manual Preventing Saturation of Optical Receivers Optical receivers are optimized for operation at low optical power levels (long cable runs). When the optical input power reaching the receiver is too high, the receiver may saturate. Saturation causes pulse distortion, resulting in very high bit error rate, high enough to disrupt data transmission. It is therefore essential to prevent receiver saturation.
Subject: RADring CML-NM, CML-IB/T & CML-IB/E New Software Versions Description: The following is a description of the new features and compatibility of the latest software versions for the RADring Common Logic module as well as for the Ethernet and Token-Ring InBand agents modules. Features and Improvements: 1. The Ethernet modules support repeater MIB monitor (statistics) and repeater address track according to RFC-1516. 2.
Solved Problems: 1. General autorecovery problem (in cases where a S-LAU was attached to an RR-SAT ) Solved. 2. Autorecovery with TL2F/SAT modules - Fixed. 3. Problem of bad CML/IB performance in case of large broadcast traffic - Now corrected. 4. Autorecovery in rings which contain segments with or without autorecovery features (e.g. S-TAU). Also, Autorecovery in segments with satellite or in segment-satellite - Fixed. Versions Compatibility: RR-CML-NM RR-CML-IB/T RR-CML-IB/E RR-TRE S/W Ver. 8.