Specifications
Glossary 
Address 
A coded representation of the origin or destination of data. 
Agent 
In SNMP, this refers to the managed system. 
ANSI 
American National Standards Institute. 
Attenuation 
Signal power loss through equipment, lines or other transmission 
devices. Measured in decibels. 
Balanced 
A transmission line in which voltages on the two conductors are 
equal in magnitude, but opposite in polarity, with respect to ground. 
Balanced Line 
A circuit in which neither side of the line is grounded. This minimizes 
crosstalk or noise pickup between pairs in the same cable. 
Baud 
Unit of signaling speed equivalent to the number of discrete 
conditions or events per second. If each signal event represents only 
one bit condition, baud rate equals bps (bits per second). 
Bit 
The smallest unit of information in a binary system. Represents 
either a one or zero (“1” or “0”). 
Bridge 
A device interconnecting local area networks at the OSI data link 
layer, filtering and forwarding frames according to media access 
control (MAC) addresses. 
Buffer 
A storage device. Commonly used to compensate for differences in 
data rates or event timing when transmitting from one device to 
another. Also used to remove jitter. 
Byte 
A group of bits (normally 8 bits in length). 
Cell 
The 53-byte basic information unit within an ATM network. The user 
traffic is segmented into cells at the source and reassembled at the 
destination. An ATM cell consists of a 5-byte ATM header and a 48-
byte ATM payload, which contains the user data.  
Channel 
A path for electrical transmission between two or more points. Also 
called a link, line, circuit or facility. 
Clock 
A term for the source(s) of timing signals used in synchronous 
transmission. 
Data 
Information represented in digital form, including voice, text, 
facsimile and video. 
dBm 
A measure of power in communications: the decibel in reference to 
one milliwatt (0 dBm = 1 milliwatt and -30 dBm = .001 milliwatt). 
Diagnostics 
The detection and isolation of a malfunction or mistake in a 
communications device, network or system. 










