Specifications
Jitter 
The deviation of a transmission signal in time or phase. It can 
introduce errors and loss of synchronization in high speed 
synchronous communications. 
Laser 
A device that transmits an extremely narrow and coherent beam of 
electromagnetic energy in the visible light spectrum. Used as a light 
source for fiber optic transmission (generally more expensive, shorter 
lived, single mode only, for greater distances than LED). 
Latency 
The time between initiating a request for data and the beginning of 
the actual data transfer. Network latency is the delay introduced when 
a packet is momentarily stored, analyzed and then forwarded. 
Loading 
The addition of inductance to a line in order to minimize amplitude 
distortion. Used commonly on public telephone lines to improve voice 
quality, it can make the lines impassable to high speed data, and 
baseband modems. 
Loopback 
A type of diagnostic test in which the transmitted signal is returned to 
the sending device after passing through all or part of a 
communications link or network. 
Manager 
An application that receives Simple Network Management Protocol 
(SNMP) information from an agent. An agent and manager share a 
database of information, called the Management Information Base 
(MIB). An agent can use a message called a traps-PDU to send 
unsolicited information to the manager. A manager that uses the 
RADview MIB can query the RAD device, set parameters, sound alarms 
when certain conditions appear, and perform other administrative 
tasks. 
Master Clock 
The source of timing signals (or the signals themselves) that all 
network stations use for synchronization. 
Modular 
Modular interfaces enable field-changeable conversion. 
Multiplexer 
At one end of a communications link, a device that combines several 
lower speed transmission channels into a single high speed channel. A 
multiplexer at the other end reverses the process. Sometimes called a 
mux. See Bit Interleaving/Multiplexing. 
Network 
(1) An interconnected group of nodes. (2) A series of points, nodes, 
or stations connected by communications channels; the collection of 
equipment through which connections are made between data 
stations. 
parameters 
Parameters are often called arguments, and the two words are used 
interchangeably. However, some computer languages such as C define 
argument to mean actual parameter (i.e., the value), and parameter to 
mean formal parameter. In RAD CLI, parameter means formal 
parameter, not value. 
Parity Bit 
An additional non-information bit added to a group of bits to ensure 
that the total number of 1 bits in the character is even or odd. 










