4411-0087 Version 3.
©Copyright 2004 Roper Scientific, Inc. 3660 Quakerbridge Rd Trenton, NJ 08619 TEL: 800-874-9789 / 609-587-9797 FAX: 609-587-1970 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the written permission of Roper Scientific, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. IPLab is a trademark of Scanalytics, Inc. Logitech is a registered trademark of Logitech. Mac and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
Table of Contents Manual Overview ................................................................................................. 7 Safety Related Symbols Used in This Manual ................................................................... 8 Chapter 1 Description ......................................................................................... 9 Introduction.........................................................................................................................
iv ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Appendix A Specifications............................................................................... 63 CCD Arrays ...................................................................................................................... 63 Temperature Control......................................................................................................... 63 Inputs .............................................................................................
Table of Contents v Setting up a USB 2.0 Interface ....................................................................................... 108 ISA Serial Card ............................................................................................................... 109 Warranty & Service ......................................................................................... 111 Limited Warranty: Roper Scientific Analytical Instrumentation....................................
vi ST-133 Controller Manual Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. Figure 42. Figure 43. Figure 44. Figure 45. Figure 46. Figure 47. Figure 48. Figure 49. Figure 50. Figure 51. Figure 52. Figure 53. Figure 54. Figure 55. Figure 56. Figure 57. Figure 58. Figure 59. Figure 60. Figure 61. Figure 62. Version 3.B Power Input Module....................................................................................... 80 Fuse Holder ....................................................................................
Manual Overview Note: The general identifier "ST-133" is used for both the ST-133A Controller and the ST-133B Controller. Where there is a difference, the specific identifier is used. Chapter 1, Description provides an overview of the ST-133 Controller and Camera. Chapter 2, Getting Started discusses introductory topics such as unpacking, equipment inventory, grounding and power requirements.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Safety Related Symbols Used in This Manual Caution! The use of this symbol on equipment indicates that one or more nearby items should not be operated without first consulting the manual. The same symbol appears in the manual adjacent to the text that discusses the hardware item(s) in question.
Chapter 1 Description Introduction Overview: The Model ST-133 is a compact, high performance CCD Camera Controller for operation with Princeton Instruments* cameras. Designed for high speed and high performance image acquisition, the controller offers data transfer at speeds up to 1 megapixel per second, standard video output for focusing and alignment and a wide selection of A/D converters to meet a variety of different speed and resolution requirements.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B High Speed Data Transfer: Data is transferred directly to the host computer memory via a high-speed interface (TAXI or USB 2.0 protocol) link. A frame buffer with standard composite video, either RS-170 (EIA) or CCIR, whichever was ordered, may also be provided. The digital data at the output of the A/D converter is then transferred at high speeds to the host computer.
Chapter 2 Getting Started Introduction This chapter will help you get off to a good start with your ST-133 Controller. In addition to descriptions of such basics as unpacking and grounding safety, the chapter includes discussions of the requirements that have to be met before the camera can be switched on. Included are environmental, power, computer, and software requirements.
ST-133 Controller Manual • Version 3.B USB 2.0 interface (Supported by versions 2.5.14 and higher of WinView/32 and WinSpec/32. PTG and USB 2.0 compatibility supported by versions 2.5.15 and higher.) USB 2.0 Card: USB 2.0 interface card installed in the host computer. USB 2.0 Interface Control Module: Interface module installed in the ST-133. Cable: USB cable. Standard length is 16.4 feet (5 meters) (6050-0494). Other lengths may be available.
Chapter 2 Getting Started • 13 Relative humidity ≤50% noncondensing. Power Requirements The ST-133 Controller can operate from any one of four different nominal line voltages: 100, 120, 220, or 240 VAC. Refer to the Fuse/Voltage label on the back of the ST-133 for fuse, voltage, and power consumption information. The plug on the line cord supplied with the system should be compatible with the linevoltage outlets in common use in the region to which the system is shipped.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B storage, depending on the number and size of spectra collected. Disk level compression programs are not recommended. • Super VGA monitor and graphics card supporting at least 256 colors with at least 1 Mbyte of memory. Memory requirement is dependent on desired display resolution. • Two-button Microsoft compatible serial mouse or Logitech three-button serial/bus mouse. USB 2.
Chapter 2 Getting Started 15 Controller Features Front Panel POWER Switch and Indicator: The power switch location and characteristics depend on the version of ST-133 Controller that was shipped with your system. In some versions, the power switch is located on the on the front panel and has an integral indicator LED that lights whenever the ST-133 is powered. In other versions, the power switch is located on the back of the ST-133 and does not include an indicator LED.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Suitable driver electronics will also be required. See the Note on page 20 for information on how the signal provided at the connector is selected. REMOTE: The shutter-drive pulses are provided at the Remote connector. WARNING: Dangerous live potentials are present at the Remote Shutter Power connector. To avoid shock hazard, the Controller power should be OFF when connecting or disconnecting a remote shutter.
Chapter 2 Getting Started 17 Power Input Module: This assembly, located at the lower right of the controller back panel, has three functions: • Connecting the AC power; • Selecting the line voltage, and • Protective Fusing. Controller Modules: There are three controller board slots. Two are occupied by the plug-in cards that provide various controller functions in all ST-133s. The Programmable Timing Generator, if present, is installed in the third slot.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Note: There is provision in the hardware for reading out the array temperature at the computer. This temperature feedback display is very convenient for monitoring the temperature control status as it progresses towards temperature lock. To determine when lock occurs, however, use the Temperature Lock indication (LED or locked message displayed in the WinView/32 Setup/Detector Temperature dialog box).
Chapter 2 Getting Started 19 for viewing on the video monitor with only a single-frame delay. An associated zoom function provides 1x, 2x, or 4x viewing. At 1x, the entire array image is displayed, but at reduced resolution (pixels are discarded and fine detail could be lost). At 2x, the mapping is 1:1 and the image portion selected by the Pan function is provided. The regions overlap, allowing the entire array image to be examined with no loss of resolution.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Note: There are three sync modes, Free Run, External Sync and Internal Sync selectable via software (WinView/32 Experiment Setup Timing tab page). Internal Sync mode operation, which does not require a connection to Ext Sync, is only available if a PTG Timing Generator is installed. If the timing generator is a DG535, the D output of the DG535’s D output is applied to Ext Sync to initiate readout. BNC connector: In WinView/32 or WinSpec/32 (ver. 2.
Chapter 2 Getting Started 21 tc NOTSCAN texp tR Shutter texp = Exposure Time tR = Readout Time tc = Shutter Compensation Time Figure 5. NOTSCAN and SHUTTER Signals Note: In frame-transfer operation, where the exposure cycle and readout cycle overlap, the timing changes as discussed in Chapter 5 and the system would not ordinarily include an operating shutter. When the ST-133 is controlling a Princeton Instruments intensified camera*, SHUTTER has other functions.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B F and S Zero adjustments: These 10-turn potentiometers control the offset values of the Fast (F) and Slow (S) A/D converters. The offset is a voltage that is added to the signal to bring the A/D output to a non-zero value, typically 50-100 counts. This offset value ensures that all the true variation in the signal can really be seen and not lost below the A/D "0" value.
Chapter 2 Getting Started 23 TTL IN/OUT connector: (TAXI and USB 2.0) This 25-pin connector (type DB25) provides a programmable interface. There are eight input bits and eight output bits that can be written to or polled to provide additional control or functionality. For the IN lines, a bit can be set to the buffered state, resulting in a real-time sample or it can be set to the latched state, where the signal is maintained once set.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Aux. Trig. Out: Ac coupled variable delay trigger output for synchronizing other system components with PTG. The host software sets the Delay Time of the auxiliary trigger output with respect to the PTG trigger time. This output does not need to be connected to PI-MAX. Trig. Indicator: LED trigger indicator. 100 ms flash is produced each time the PTG triggers. With repetition rates faster than 10 Hz, indicator glows continuously.
Chapter 2 Getting Started 25 Summary This completes Getting Started. You should now have a reasonable understanding of how the controller hardware is used. Other topics, which could be quite important in certain situations, are discussed in the following chapters. See the appropriate application software manual for information on using the software to control the controller.
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Chapter 3 First Light Introduction Note: The instructions in this chapter are for an ST-133 operated with a TE-cooled camera. They do not apply to the PI-MAX or LN-cooled cameras. See the PI-MAX system manual for detailed information regarding that camera. In the case of an LNcooled camera, Dewar and liquid nitrogen considerations make placing the system in operation more complex.
WARNING ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Before You Start, if your system includes a microscope Xenon or Hg arc lamp, it is CRITICAL to turn off all electronics adjacent to the arc lamp, especially your digital camera system and your computer hardware (monitors included) before turning on the lamp power. Powering up a microscope Xenon or Hg arc lamp causes a large EMF spike to be produced that can cause damage to electronics that are running in the vicinity of the lamp.
Chapter 3 First Light 29 Getting Started 1. If the system cables haven’t as yet been installed, connect them as follows (system power off). See Figure 7. • Connect the 25-pin cable from the DETECTOR connector on the Analog/Control module panel to the mating connector at the camera. Be sure to secure the cable at both ends. • Connect one end of the interface cable to the SERIAL COM or USB 2.0 connector on the Interface Control module panel.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B 2. With USB 2.0, the controller must be turned on before WinView/32 or WinSpec/32 is opened and WinView/32 or WinSpec/32 must be closed before the controller is turned off. 6. Turn on the computer power. 7. Start the application software. Note: If using software other than WinView/32 or WinSpec/32, these instructions will have to be appropriately adapted. 8. If the camera requires coolant, start the coolant flow or fill the LN Dewar. 9. Block light from the lens.
Chapter 3 First Light 31 Cleans and Skips tab page (Setup|Hardware): Default Experiment Setup Main tab page (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…): • Exposure Time: 100 ms • Accumulations & Number of Images: 1 Experiment Setup ROI tab page (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…): Use this function to define the region of interest (ROI). • Imaging Mode: Selected • Clicking on Full loads the full size of the chip into the edit boxes.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B 3. After you have focused the camera, you can stop Focus mode, continue Focus mode, begin Acquire mode, or wait for the CCD to reach the operating temperature before going to Acquire mode. 4. If the array is cooled by LN, empty the Dewar before turning off the controller. If a coolant circulator or a chiller/circulator is being used to cool the array, stop the flow before turning off the controller.
Chapter 3 First Light 33 Assumptions The following procedure assumes that 1. You have already set up your system in accordance with the instructions in the system manual. 2. You have read the previous sections of this chapter. 3. You are familiar with the application software. 4. The system is air-cooled. (If your camera is liquid-assisted TE-cooled, liquid-cooled TE, or LN-cooled be sure to review the appropriate setup information in the system manual before proceeding.) 5.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B -5°C, unless it is a model having forced air cooling, in which case temperature lock down to -40°C (-90°C for the XTE) can be achieved. 4. Turn on the controller power. Notes: 1. A camera overload alarm may sound briefly and then stop. This is normal and is not a cause for concern. However, if the alarm sounds continuously, even with no light entering the camera, something is wrong. Turn off the power and contact the factory for guidance. 2. With USB 2.
Chapter 3 First Light 35 Detector Temperature (Setup|Detector Temperature…): -40°C for air-cooled. When the array temperature reaches the set temperature, the green Temp Lock LED on the rear of the ST-133 will light and there will be a locked indication at the computer monitor. Note that some overshoot may occur. This could cause temperature lock to be briefly lost and then quickly reestablished.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Hint: Overhead fluorescent lights produce a mercury spectrum. Use a white card tilted at 45 degrees in front of the entrance slit to reflect overhead light into the spectrograph. Select 435.833 as the spectral line. 3. Set the slit to 25 µm. If necessary, adjust the Exposure Time to maintain optimum (near full-scale) signal intensity. 4. Slowly move the detector in and out of focus. You should see the spectral line go from broad to narrow and back to broad.
Chapter 4 Temperature Control Introduction Temperature control is done via software. Once the desired array temperature has been set, the hardware controls the thermoelectric cooling circuits in the camera so as to reduce the array temperature to the set value. On reaching that temperature, the control loop locks to the set temperature for stable and reproducible performance.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Cooling (TE, NTE, NTE 2, RTE, XTE, PI-MAX) These cameras are ordinarily equipped with a multi-stage Peltier type cooler that is thermally coupled to the CCD. This device uses injected current to draw heat away from the CCD surface. The heat is sequentially transferred through the Peltier stages and from there to the outer shell of the camera via a heat transfer block. The method used to remove the heat from the camera depends on the camera type.
Chapter 4 Temperature Control 39 Cooling and Vacuum Many cameras incorporate a vacuum chamber for enhanced cooling performance. With time, there can be a gradual deterioration of the camera’s vacuum. This is turn may eventually affect temperature performance to where it may no longer be possible to achieve temperature lock at the lowest temperatures.
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Chapter 5 Timing Modes Introduction The Princeton Instruments ST-133 Controller has been designed to allow the greatest possible flexibility when synchronizing data collection with an experiment. The chart to the right lists the timing mode combinations. Use this chart in combination with the detailed descriptions in this chapter to determine the optimal timing configuration.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B frame is completely processed and displayed, another Start Acquisition command is sent from the computer to the camera, allowing it to take the next frame. Display is therefore, at most, only one frame behind the actual data collection. One disadvantage of the Safe mode is that events may be missed during the experiment, since the ST-133 is disabled for a short time after each frame.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 43 Safe Mode Fast Mode Start Start Computer programs camera with exposure and binning parameters Computer programs camera with exposure and binning parameters Start acquisition command sent from computer to camera Start acquisition command sent from computer to camera Cleans performed Cleans performed 1 frame collected as per timing mode 1 frame collected as per timing mode Stop acquisition command sent from computer to camera Background or flatfield on? Yes Backgroun
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Free Run timing In the Free Run mode the controller does not synchronize with the experiment in any way. The shutter opens as soon as the previous readout is complete, and remains open for the exposure time, texp. Any External Sync signals are ignored. This mode is useful for experiments with a constant light source, such as a CW laser or a DC lamp.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 45 In the PreOpen Shutter mode, on the other hand, shutter operation is only partially synchronized to the experiment. As soon as the controller is ready to collect data, the shutter opens. Upon arrival of the first External Sync pulse at the ST-133, the shutter remains open for the specified exposure period, closes, and the CCD is read out. As soon as readout is complete, the shutter reopens and waits for the next frame.
ST-133 Controller Manual Shutter (Normal) Shutter (Preopen) Open Open Close Close Open Open Read NOTSCAN Version 3.B Close Open Open Close Read Close Close Read External Sync (negative polarity shown) tw1 tc texp First wait and exposure tR Data stored Second wait and exposure Data stored Third wait and exposure Data stored Figure 13.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 47 completed, to prevent the CCD from getting "out of step." As expected, the response latency is on the order of one vertical shift time, from 1-30 µsec depending on the array. This latency does not prevent the incoming signal from being detected, since photo generated electrons are still collected over the entire active area. However, if the signal arrival is coincident with the vertical shifting, image smearing of up to one pixel is possible.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B In Free Run frame-transfer mode operation, half the array is exposed for the set exposure time (texp). Then the data transfer to the storage half of the array takes place, marking the start of the read and the beginning of a new exposure. In External Sync frame-transfer mode operation, the camera reads out one frame for every External Sync pulse received, providing the frequency of the External Sync pulse doesn’t exceed the maximum rate possible with the system.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 49 texp Shutter actual exposure time tR tR NOTSCAN tR tR External Sync (negative polarity shown) tw1 tR tc cleans acquisition Figure 17. Frame Transfer where tw1 + texp + tc > tR texp Shutter actual exposure time NOTSCAN tR tR tR tR External Sync (negative polarity shown) cleans acquisition tw1 tc Figure 18.
ST-133 Controller Manual A1 1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 Version 3.B A1 B1 C1 D1 A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3 A4 B4 C4 D4 D1 D2 2 3 Expose Shift Expose A1 B1 C1 D1 A1 B1 C1 D1 A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A2 B2 C2 D2 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3 A3 B3 C3 D3 A3 B3 C3 D3 A4 B4 C4 D4 A4 B4 C4 D4 A4 B4 C4 D4 A5 B5 C5 D5 A5 B5 C5 D5 A6 B6 C6 D6 A6 B6 D6 D6 4 5 Shift 6 Expose Readout Figure 19.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 51 Free Run In the Free Run Kinetics mode, the controller takes a series of images, each with the Exposure time set through the software (in WinView32, the exposure time is set on the Experiment Setup|Main tab page).
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Multiple Trigger Multiple Trigger Kinetics mode takes a single image in the series for each External Sync pulse received by the controller. Once the series is complete the shutter closes and readout begins. Since the shutter is open during the entire series of images, if the External Sync pulses are irregularly spaced then the exposures will be of different lengths. Once the series has been read out the camera is ready for the next series.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout Before each image from the CCD array appears on the computer screen, it must first be read, digitized, and transferred to the computer. Figure 25 is a block diagram of the image-signal path. Incoming photons Camera ST-133A Controller Up/down integrator CCD Slow A/D Fast A/D Preamp Digital processor Video display Cable driver Interface module TAXI or USB 2.0 Computer Interface board RS PCI or USB 2.0 Display Storage Figure 25.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B levels, magnetic fields and RF radiation. They are easily cooled and can be precisely thermostated to within a few tens of millidegrees. Because CCD arrays, like film and other media, are always sensitive to light, light must not be allowed to fall on the array during readout. Unintensified full-frame CCD cameras like the ST-133 use a mechanical shutter to prevent light from reaching the CCD during readout.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 55 accuracy. Intensifier gain is varied by adjusting the voltage across the MCP or the voltage across the MCP output and the phosphor. This second parameter is a factory adjustment, as it affects both the gain and the resolution of the intensifier. Detection of extremely weak Continuous Wave (CW) signals, e.g.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Dark Charge Dark charge or dark current is the thermally induced buildup of charge in the CCD over time. The statistical noise associated with this charge is known as dark noise,. Dark charge values vary widely from one CCD array to another and are exponentially temperature dependent. At the typical operating temperature of a camera dark charge may be reduced by a factor of ~2 for every 6º reduction in temperature.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 57 Analog Gain Control Analog gain control is used to change the number of electrons required to generate an Analog-to-Digital Unit (ADU, also known as a count). In WinView/32, the analog gain choices are Low, Medium, and High. Users who measure high-level signals may wish to select Low to allow digitization of larger signals. At Medium gain, the camera has typically been calibrated so the overall noise is ~1 ADU RMS.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Readout of the Array In this section, a simple 6 × 4 pixel CCD is used to demonstrate how charge is shifted and digitized. As described below, two different types of readout are available. Full frame readout, for full frame CCDs, reads out the entire CCD surface at the same time. Frame transfer operation assumes half of the CCD is for data collection and half of the array is a temporary storage area.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 59 The time needed to take a full frame at full resolution is: tR + texp + tc (1) where tR is the CCD readout time, texp is the exposure time, and tc is the shutter compensation time.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B photon shot noise limited, the S/N ratio improvement is roughly proportional to the square-root of the number of pixels binned. Figure 29 shows an example of 2 × 2 binning. Each pixel of the image displayed by the software represents 4 pixels of the CCD array. Rectangular bins of any size are possible. Binning also reduces readout time and the burden on computer memory, but at the expense of resolution.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 61 Binning in Software One limitation of hardware binning is that the shift register pixels and the output node are typically only 2-3 times the size of imaging pixels as shown in Table 5. Consequently, if the total charge binned together exceeds the capacity of the shift register or output node, the data will be lost.
ST-133 Controller Manual 1 Charge accumulates in unmasked cells during exposure. 2 Accumulated charge in exposed cells is quickly transferred under mask. Version 3.B 3 Charge from cells A1-D1 shifted to serial register. Exposed cells accumulate new charge.
Appendix A Specifications CCD Arrays Spectral Range 400-1080 nm; 190-1080 nm with UV-to-visible coating on the CCD Types The ST-133 can be operated with many different Princeton Instruments cameras, each of which is available with a variety of different CCD chips as specified at the time of order. Contact the factory for up-to-date information on the performance characteristics of the array installed in your particular camera.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Outputs Note: See Appendix B, PTG Module, for information about the PTG connectors. VIDEO: 1 V pk-pk from 75 Ω, BNC connector. Either RS-170 (EIA) or CCIR standard video as specified when system was ordered. Requires connection via 75 Ω cable that must be terminated into 75 Ω. : TTL output (BNC) for monitoring camera status. Logic output is softwareselectable as either NOTSCAN or SHUTTER.
Appendix A Specifications 65 Shutter Compensation Time The following numbers apply for a 1 MHz ST-133. Shutter Exposure Vincent (small) 8.0 msec Prontor 40 (large) 28.0 msec Prontor 23 (external) 8.0 msec Intensified (electronic) 6.0 msec NONE 200 nsec Computer Requirements Depending on the communication protocol (TAXI or USB 2.0) the ST-133 is most commonly used with a Pentium computer configured as follows. Type: TAXI: 200 MHz Pentium® II (or better) USB 2.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Miscellaneous Dimensions: See Appendix E. Controller Weight: 5.45 kg. Power Requirements: Nominally 100, 120, 220 or 240 V AC, 47-63 Hz, 300 watts; required DC voltages are generated in the controller. Power to camera is applied via controller cable. Environmental Requirements: Storage temperature: -20° C to 55° C; Operating temperature range over which specifications can be met: 18° C to 23° C; Relative humidity: ≤50% noncondensing.
Appendix B PTG Module Description The Princeton Instruments Programmable Timing Generator (PTG) is a plug-in module designed for operation in the ST-133 Controller. Incorporating the Timing Generator into the Controller in this manner allows pulsed operation of the PI-MAX camera in pulsed measurements without the inconvenience and expense of a separate timing generator.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B If burst pulsing is turned On, the T0 Output is deasserted when the last pulse ensemble is completed. Auxiliary Trigger Output: BNC, AC-coupled pulse output. The auxiliary timer's output is available to the user through a rear panel BNC for triggering other system components. The host software sets the Delay Time of the auxiliary trigger output with respect to the PTG trigger time. Figure 32 is an oscilloscope screen capture of the Auxiliary Trigger output.
Appendix B PTG Module 69 External: Each trigger applied to Ext. Trig. In BNC initiates a pulse ensemble that is applied to PI-MAX. Readout Cycle: Readout cycle is triggered through the ST-133 backplane if Int. Sync. is selected on Experiment Setup Timing tab page. Enabling: Handshakes that prevent a readout from occurring while the PTG is busy and that prevent the PTG from pulsing the photocathode ON while a readout cycle is in progress are performed through the backplane.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Operation Introduction Operation of the PTG module is quite simple. Most of the functions are performed automatically through the backplane and the parameters are set via the Pulser Setup screens of the host software (WinView/32 or WinSpec/32, version 2.4 and higher). Operated in the External Trigger mode, a trigger is applied to the Ext. Trig. In connector. No other connections to the PTG’s BNC connectors are required.
Appendix B PTG Module 71 Internal Synchronization It is necessary to initiate a readout after each exposure. In a system having a PTG, this is accomplished automatically by operating the PTG in the Internal Sync mode. This mode is established by making the following Experiment Setup selections: 1. Experiment Setup Main tab page: Set the Exposure Time to 0. 2.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B 3. On the Setup menu select Pulsers to open the Pulsers dialog box. 4. Select PTG. Then click on the Setup Pulser button. The PTG dialog box (Figure 36) will open. If PTG is grayed out on the Pulsers dialog box, PTG support has not been installed. Figure 35. Pulsers Dialog Box Figure 36. PTG Dialog Box Triggers and Gating Setup The remainder of the setup information is detailed in the PTG manual.
Appendix B PTG Module • 73 Swept Gate: In this type of experiment, Gate Width, Gate Delay, or both may be varied. Repetitive-Sequential 1: The Trigger is repetitive, Gate Width is fixed, and Delay is varied over the course of the measurement. The result of the experiment is a plot of intensity vs. time, such as might be obtained with a sampling oscilloscope. This technique is used to measure lifetime decays.
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Appendix C TTL Control TTL In/Out control is not currently supported under USB 2.0. Introduction This connector provides 8 TTL lines in, 8 TTL lines out and an input control line. Figure 38 illustrates the connector and lists the signal/pin assignments.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Decimal Equiv. TTL IN/OUT 8 1= dec 128 TTL IN/OUT 7 1=dec 64 TTL IN/OUT 6 1=dec 32 TTL IN/OUT 5 1=dec 16 TTL IN/OUT 4 1=dec 8 TTL IN/OUT 3 1=dec 4 TTL IN/OUT 2 1=dec 2 TTL IN/OUT 1 1=dec 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Table 6.
Appendix C TTL Control 77 Pin # Assignment Pin # Assignment 1 IN 1 14 IN 2 2 IN 3 15 IN 4 3 IN 5 16 IN 6 4 IN 7 17 IN 8 5 GND 18 GND 6 EN/CLK 19 Reserved 7 (future use) 20 GND 8 GND 21 OUT 2 9 OUT 1 22 OUT 4 10 OUT 3 23 OUT 6 11 OUT 5 24 OUT 8 12 OUT 7 25 GND 13 Reserved Table 7. TTL In/Out Connector Pinout Figure 38.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B • 25-pin female type D-subminiature solder type connector (Radio Shack® part no. 276-1548B). • RG/58U coaxial cable. • Shielded Metalized hood (Radio Shack part no. 276-1536A). • BNC connector(s) type UG-88 Male BNC connector (Radio Shack part no. 278-103). Example Suppose you needed to build a cable to monitor the line TTL OUT 1. One approach would be to build a cable assembly as described in the following paragraphs.
Appendix D Cleaning and Maintenance WARNING Turn off all power to the equipment and secure all covers before cleaning the units. Otherwise, damage to the equipment or injury to yourself could occur. Cleaning Controller and Camera Although there is no periodic maintenance that must be performed on the ST-133 Controller or on the Camera, users are advised to clean these components from time to time by wiping them down with a clean damp cloth.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Changing the ST-133 Line Voltage and Fuses The appropriate voltage setting for your country is set at the factory and can be seen on the back of the power module. If your voltage source changes, you will need to change the voltage setting and you may need to change the fuse configuration. WARNING! Use proper fuse values and types for the controller and detector to be properly protected.
Appendix E Outline Drawings of ST-133 Controller Note: Dimensions are in inches and mm. 13.63 (34.62) 8.75 (22.23) (1 5.2 3. 5 34 ) Figure 41. ST-133A Controller Dimensions Figure 42.
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Appendix F Plug-In Modules Introduction The ST-133 Controller has three plug-in slots. The Analog/Control module (leftmost slot when the controller is viewed from the rear) and the Interface Control module (either a TAXI or a USB 2.0 compatible module in the middle slot) are always provided. The third slot is covered with a blank panel unless a PTG module has been installed. If a module is ever removed for any reason, internal settings should not be disturbed.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Washer Screw Side of ST-133 Figure 43. Module Installation To Install a Module: Installing a module is a bit more complex because you first have to be sure the locking screws are aligned correctly. The following procedure is suggested. 1. Verify that the Controller has been turned OFF. 2. Remove the replacement module from its antistatic packaging. This packaging is designed to protect the module components from electrostatic discharge. 3.
Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras Introduction This appendix discusses the operation and theory of a Princeton Instruments camera with an interline CCD. Operationally, a camera with a conventional CCD and one having an interline CCD are quite similar, the principal difference being that a shutter would ordinarily not be required if the camera has an interline chip.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B each cell of the array is transferred out of the CCD array, amplified, and sent to the controller as an analog signal, where it is digitized prior to transfer to the computer. . Note that mechanical shuttering is not required in either mode, although it is available as an option. Mechanical shuttering allows a much higher on/off ratio to be attained, which may offer distinct advantages with short exposure times.
Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras 87 being acquired. This pattern continues for the duration of the experiment so that, during each frame, the data acquired during the previous frame is read out. texp Shutter actual exposure time 50ns min.pulse between frames tR NOTSCAN tR tR tR External Sync (negative polarity shown) tw1 cleans acquisition Figure 44.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B texp Shutter actual exposure time NOTSCAN tR tR tR tR External Sync (negative polarity shown) cleans acquisition tw1 tc Figure 46. Overlapped Mode where Pulse arrives after Readout Exposure CCD arrays perform three essential functions: photons are transduced to electrons, integrated and stored, and finally read out. The software allows you to set the length of time that incoming light will be allowed to integrated on the CCD.
Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras Mechanical Shutter NOTSCAN 89 Open Closed Acquire texp Exposure time Readout tc Shutter compensation Figure 47. Non-Overlapped Mode Exposure of the CCD with Shutter Compensation NOTSCAN is low during readout, high during exposure, and high during shutter compensation time. Since most shutters behave like an iris, the opening and closing of the shutter will cause the center of the CCD to be exposed slightly longer than the edges.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Part 2 of Figure 48 shows the situation early in the readout. The charge in the imaging cells has been transferred to the adjacent storage cells and downshifting to the readout register has started. Note that a new exposure begins immediately. Part 3 of Figure 48 shows the transfer to the readout register continuing. The uppermost two cells in each column are shown empty.
Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras 91 because no charge has been transferred to them. The arrows between adjacent imaging and storage cells indicate the direction the charge will be shifted when the transfer occurs. Part 2 of Figure 49 shows the situation early in the readout cycle. The charge in the imaging cells has been transferred to the adjacent storage cells and down-shifting to the readout register has started. Note that a second exposure doesn’t begin while the readout is in progress.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Image readout with binning Binning is the process of adding the data from adjacent cells together. It can be accomplished in either hardware or software. Rectangular groups of cells of any size may be binned together, subject to some hardware and software limitations. Hardware binning is performed before the signal is read out by the preamplifier.
Appendix H DIF Camera (Double Image Feature) Introduction This Appendix describes operation of a DIF system. Both the Controller and a Interline camera must have factory modifications installed for DIF operation. In addition to the internal changes and installation of a back panel switch, a camera modified for DIF operation would ordinarily include a mechanical shutter. Execution of the DIF functions is done via the WinView/32 software (v2.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B When the data is saved, both images are saved in a single *.spe file. The header is followed by frame 1 and then immediately afterwards by frame 2. This system makes it convenient to later load the images from the file for post processing analysis. Notes: 1. For most of the MicroMAX DIF cameras, the ESABI timing mode is activated and deactivated via the application software.
Appendix H DIF Camera 95 READY 400 ns EXPOSURE Figure 51. Freerun Mode Timing Example: Figure 52 shows an experiment where the rising edge of the signal is used to trigger a DG535 Delay Generator, which provides the required delay and triggers a laser source, Q switch, or other device. Computer Controller READY Camera Head DG535 Q Switch Figure 52. Setup using to trigger an Event Figure 53 illustrates the timing for a typical experiment like that shown in Figure 52.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Summary of Free Run Timing mode • Allows user to capture single images. • Requires that the switch, if present on the back of the camera, be set to INACTIVE. • Uses Exposure Time set via software Experiment Setup. • Exposure time range is 1 µs < Exp. Time < 14.3 minutes • Exposure does not occur until the mechanical shutter is completely open and readout does not begin until the mechanical shutter is completely closed.
Appendix H DIF Camera 97 READY 200 ns EXT. SYNC. ~200 ns Images Image1 Image 2 5 µs 5 µs NOTSCAN Mechanical Shutter 8 ms 8 ms >200 ns Laser Output Laser 1 Laser 2 Figure 54. Timing Diagram for Typical IEC Measurement Figure 55 illustrates the interconnections that might be used for such an experiment with two lasers. Figure 56 shows the timing for the two-laser experiment. Computer Delay Generator (i.e.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B READY EXT. SYNC. 200 ns Images Image 1 5 µs Image 2 5 µs NOTSCAN Mechanical Shutter 8 ms 8 ms >200 ns Laser Output Laser 1 Laser 2 Figure 56. Timing Diagram for IEC Experiment with Two Lasers Example 2: As shown in Figure 57, the signal from the controller can be used to trigger the controller by connecting it back into the EXT SYNC connector. At the same time, it can be used to trigger a DG535. EXT SYNC Computer READY Controller Delay Generator (i.
Appendix H DIF Camera 99 EEC (External Exposure Control) Gives the user the ability to capture two images before readout with a different exposure time for each. EEC uses the external trigger to control the exposure time of the first image and the exposure time set in software to control the exposure time of the second image. When the external trigger applied to Ext Sync is detected, the first exposure begins. The end of the trigger marks the end of the first image and the start of the second.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B ESABI (Electronic Shutter Active Between Images) The last timing mode, ESABI, allows separation time between the two images. This mode gives the user the ability to capture two images and use the interline chip’s electronic shutter feature between images so that no signal is integrated in the time between. The exposure time for both images is the same but they can be separated in goes low. Thus time.
Appendix H DIF Camera 101 Tips and Tricks Lab Illumination In DIF measurements, it is necessary to remain mindful of the possibility of laboratory light affecting the images. Because the first image can be timed with precision, laboratory light that reaches the camera would generally not be a problem in the first image, particularly if the capture time is short (few microseconds).
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Appendix I Installing the Computer-Controller Interface Introduction This appendix will lead you through the process of installing the communications interface between the ST-133 and the host computer. Following these steps explicitly will help insure proper connection to your computer. Note: If the computer is purchased from Roper Scientific, it will be shipped with the appropriate card already installed. The USB 2.0 interface is supported by WinView/32 and WinSpec/32, version 2.5.14 and higher.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Setting up a PCI Interface Introduction A PCI card must be installed in the host computer if the communication between computer and controller uses the TAXI protocol (i.e., the Interface Control Module installed in the ST-133 has a 9-pin SERIAL COM connector as shown in the figure at right). With TAXI protocol, the standard cable provided with an ST-133 is 7.
Appendix I Installing the Computer Interface 105 1. After you have secured the PCI card in the computer and replaced the cover, turn the computer on. 2. At bootup, Windows will try to install the new hardware. If it cannot locate the driver, you will be prompted to enter the directory path, either by keyboard entry or by using the browse function.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B alternative I/O addresses and interrupt levels so that conflicts can be resolved. Software is available to help identify specific conflicts. The following example may serve to illustrate the problem. Suppose you had a system with an ISA network card, a PCI video card and an ISA sound card. Further suppose that you were then going to install a PCI Serial Buffer card.
Appendix I Installing the Computer Interface 107 interrupt assignments for each PCI device in the computer. One such program available from Roper Scientific's Technical Support department is called PCICHECK. When the program is run, it reports the address and interrupt assignments for the first PCI device it finds. Each time the spacebar is pressed, it moves on to the next one and reports the address and interrupt assignments for that one as well.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Setting up a USB 2.0 Interface Introduction Administrator privileges are required under Windows® 2000 and Windows® XP to install software and hardware. Your system has been configured to use the USB communication protocol if the Interface Control Module installed in the ST-133 has a USB 2.0 connector as shown in the figure at right). The advantages to the USB 2.
Appendix I Installing the Computer Interface 109 If you selected AUTO PCI during the application software installation, WinView/WinSpec automatically put the required INF, DLL, and USB driver file in the "Windows" directories shown below. Refer to Table 11 below for the appropriate file names and locations. Windows Version USB INF Filename Located in "Windows"/INF directory* Windows® rsusb2k.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B connector on the TAXI Interface Control Module panel. Take care to tighten the screws at both ends of the cable using a small, flat-bladed screwdriver. Figure 61. ISA Board Switch and Jumper Settings Figure 62. Computer Expansion Slots for installing an ISA Buffer Card Power-On Checks Replace the cover of the computer and turn on the computer only.
Warranty & Service Limited Warranty: Roper Scientific Analytical Instrumentation Roper Scientific, Inc. ("Roper Scientific," us," "we," "our") makes the following limited warranties. These limited warranties extend to the original purchaser ("You", "you") only and no other purchaser or transferee. We have complete control over all warranties and may alter or terminate any or all warranties at any time we deem necessary.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B Sealed Chamber Integrity Limited 24 Month Warranty Roper Scientific warrants the sealed chamber integrity of all our products for a period of twenty-four (24) months after shipment. If, at anytime within twenty-four (24) months from the date of delivery, the detector should experience a sealed chamber failure, all parts and labor needed to restore the chamber seal will be covered by us.
Warranty & Service 113 Owner's Manual and Troubleshooting You should read the owner’s manual thoroughly before operating this product. In the unlikely event that you should encounter difficulty operating this product, the owner’s manual should be consulted before contacting the Roper Scientific technical support staff or authorized service representative for assistance.
ST-133 Controller Manual Version 3.B 10. All warranties implied by state law or non-U.S. laws, including the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are expressly limited to the duration of the limited warranties set forth above. With the exception of any warranties implied by state law or non-U.S.
Index # connector 64-pin DIN connector 20 84 A-B A/D converters 62, 64 zero adjustments 22 Accessories, alignment of 36 Actual exposure time 47, 86 Analog gain control 57 Analog/Control module 17 AUX BNC connector 23 Aux Trig Out 24 Auxiliary Trigger output 68 Background DC level 56 Background subtraction 44 Back-plane 17 Baseline signal 56 Binning computer memory burden 60 hardware 59, 92 readout time 60 resolution loss 60 restrictions due to well capacity 61 software 61 effect on S/N ratio 61 high light
ST-133 Controller Manual DIF camera (cont.
Index 117 theory and function 54 Interface card driver installation 103 PCI High Speed PCI 104 PCI(Timer) 104 Interface Control module 17, 22 Interline CCD camera 85 sensors 86 smearing 89 Internal Sync operation 47 Internal Synchronization 71 Interrupt conflicts 105 ISA serial interface card 109 I/O address, DMA channel, and interrupt level 109 installation 109 K-M Kinetics mode 49 option 49 timing modes 50 Lens Coupled Intensifier (LCI) 54 Line voltage selection 13 selector drum 13 Line voltage selectio
ST-133 Controller Manual Internal Trigger module Pre Trig In Sel Trig Out software control specifications timing Timing Gen Timing Gen interface Trig Indicator triggering 69 23 23 23 71 67 69 23 68 24 69 R Readout binning 59, 92 hardware 59, 92 frame transfer 61 subsection of array 59, 92 time 42 Readout rate control of 62 precision vs speed tradeoff 62 Readout times (full frame) for several CCD types table of 59 Resolution, loss of with binning 60 ROI (Region of Interest) 19 RS-170 (EIA) 18 S S/N r
Index 119 W-Z Warnings camera-controller cable 22 cleaning 79 condensation damage to CCD arrays 39 damage from input light overload 27 fuse type 13 ice damage after removing front window 38 module installation/removal under power83 module securing screws 17 opening the ST-133 power module 80 operating unevacuated detector 38 overtightening the ST-133 module screws 84 plug-in module removal under power 17 protective grounding 12 replacement power cord 12 shutter drive limitations 15 shutter drive setting 1
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