® RAYNGER 3i SERIES ™ OPERATOR’S MANUAL G LO N RU▲ ▼ G LO RC LS ET °C ▲ °F ( HI T SE ( ) ) b Tam ▼ LO E AT TIV• AC OCK L LL A C R RE • DE SE LA MO DC OUT Rev H 6/98 56700-1
WARRANTY Raytek warrants each instrument it manufactures to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for the period of one year from date of purchase. This warranty extends only to the original purchaser. This warranty shall not apply to fuses, batteries, or any product which has been subject to misuse, neglect, accident, or abnormal conditions of operation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1.0 PAGE INTRODUCTION.............................................................................1-1 1.1 DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................1-1 1.2 INVENTORY ..........................................................................................................1-2 1.3 MODEL IDENTIFICATION .................................................................................1-3 2.0 OPERATION ..
2.7 SIGHTING SYSTEMS..........................................................................................2-29 2.7.1 2.7.2 2.7.3 2.7.4 3.0 Single Laser Sighting .....................................................................................2-31 Dual Laser Sighting........................................................................................2-31 Crossed Laser Sighting ..................................................................................2-32 Scope Sighting ................
APPENDIX A: OPTICAL ...........................................................................A-1 HOW TO READ THE OPTICAL CHARTS ...................................................................A-1 OPTICAL CHARTS ..........................................................................................................A-2 APPENDIX B: OBJECT EMISSIVITY.......................................................B-1 HOW TO DETERMINE OBJECT EMISSIVITY .............................................................
Table of Contents Raynger 3i Series Operator's Manual
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 DESCRIPTION The Raynger® 3i™ series of instruments are portable infrared temperature measurement devices. Each model is rugged and easy to use for making fast, noncontact, nondestructive temperature measurements. They can measure operating temperatures of mechanical, electrical, or production equipment without removing the equipment from service. They can also measure product temperatures during manufacturing or storage without contaminating or marring the product.
Each model is molded from rugged, high-strength, solvent resistant plastic and is actuated by a two-stage trigger (second stage is used for data logging only).
1.3 MODEL IDENTIFICATION Refer to Table 1-1 for a list of standard models along with their temperature ranges, optical resolutions, spectral ranges, and sighting systems. You can determine the exact model number of your unit by looking at the manufacturing label on the underside of the unit. On the label is an area for model designation.
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2.0 OPERATION This portion of the manual contains the following sections: • Quick Start—To use your unit right away, follow the brief instructions on basic operating procedures in this section. • Principles of Operation—A short introduction to infrared thermometry. • Your Portable Infrared Thermometer—Describes and illustrates the thermometer’s control panel, display, and features. • How to Operate—A detailed user guide that describes each of the operating modes.
RUN LOG RCL SET °C °F LOG HI ( ) LO ( ) Tamb SET 2-2 Raynger 3i Series Operator’s Manual
2.2 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION An infrared thermometer and the human eye are very similar. An infrared thermometer has a lens that focuses infrared radiation from an object onto a detector. The eye focuses light onto the retina. The detector is stimulated by the incoming infrared energy and produces a signal that is transmitted to the circuitry. The retina is stimulated by incoming light and sends a signal to the brain. The circuitry processes this signal and computes the temperature of the object.
2.3 YOUR PORTABLE INFRARED THERMOMETER Portable infrared thermometers measure surface temperatures without touching the surface. They collect the infrared energy radiated by a target and compute its surface temperature. They also compute the running average, maximum, minimum, and differential temperatures and present them on a digital display in either degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Your portable thermometer has the following: • Trigger—Two-stage trigger. The first stage activates the unit to take temperature readings. The second stage is functional only in the datalog mode. To store a temperature reading, pull the trigger all the way in until you hear the tone (the tone signals that the reading has been stored). When you release the trigger, the unit goes to sleep. • Control Panel and Display—All controls (except the trigger) are located on the control panel.
2.4 OPERATION AND CONTROLS This section instructs you in the operation of the instrument. It describes battery and/or AC adaptor installation and the controls and functions of the different control loops and operating modes. 2.4.1 Battery/AC Adaptor Installation The instrument may be powered by batteries or an AC adaptor. Battery power is supplied by 4 “AA” batteries. The batteries are located in the base of the handle. AC power is supplied by an optional AC power adaptor (DIN VDE 0551 approved).
2.4.2 Control Panel and Display Figure 2-4 shows the display and controls. Descriptions of these, in alphabetical order, follow the illustration.
Activate button—Press the activate button to activate HAL, LAL, or TAM, or to toggle between DIG/ANA, or °C/°F, in the SET loop. Backlight button and icon—The display has a backlight for working in low lighting conditions. Press the backlight button to activate or deactivate the backlight. The backlight icon is activated when the backlight is on. To save battery power, use the backlight only when necessary. Note that if the battery voltage falls below 4.0 V, the backlight will automatically turn off.
Mode button—Press the mode button to change modes in any of the four loops. Mode display and Mode value display—The Mode display shows the current mode selected. The mode value display shows the temperature, set-point, or LOG location value for the mode selected. Recall button and icon—Press the RCL button to activate the RECALL loop. The RECALL loop may be used to recall values from either the RUN or LOG loops. The RCL icon is activated when the instrument is in the RECALL loop.
2.4.3 Control System The control system consists of four loops: SET, RUN, RECALL and LOG. The instrument may be cycled to any of the four loops by using the trigger or control panel buttons, as shown below.
2.4.3.1 Control Loops Each control loop has several modes, which are described in the following sections. 2.4.3.
2.4.4 RUN Loop–To Measure Temperature The RUN loop is for taking temperature measurements. Figure 2-6 illustrates the RUN loop.
3. Press the laser button to activate the laser (if equipped with laser sighting). 4. Carefully aim using the laser or scope. Note: The laser or scope indicate the target (see Sections 2.7.1 through 2.7.4). Make sure the spot you are measuring fills the target. 5. Read the temperature from the display. RUN contains 4 modes: MAX, MIN, DIF, and AVG (as shown in Figure 2-7). In RUN, the current temperature and emissivity setting along with either the MAX, MIN, DIF, or AVG temperature can be displayed.
2.4.5 LOG Loop–To Measure and Store Temperature The LOG loop is for making temperature measurements and storing them in the data logger locations. Figure 2-7 illustrates the LOG loop.
7. Pull the trigger further until you hear the “beep” indicating that the measurement has been stored. Both the current and MAX temperatures are stored in memory. Notes: The instrument has a 2-stage trigger. The first stage is activated by pulling the trigger a small amount. The second stage (operational in LOG only) is activated when the trigger is pulled all the way.
2.4.6 RECALL Loop–To Recall Measured Temperatures The RECALL loop is for recalling values from either the RUN or LOG loops. 2.4.6.1 RECALL Values from RUN Figure 2-8 illustrates RECALL for RUN values.
To recall values from the RUN loop, do the following: 1. Release or unlock the trigger, if necessary. 2. Press the RECALL button. The RCL icon will be activated. 3. Press the RUN/LOG button, if necessary, so that the LOG icon is not activated. 4. Read the recalled temperature from the display. RECALL contains four modes: MAX, MIN, DIF, and AVG (as shown in Figure 2-8). In RECALL, the last temperature and emissivity setting along with either the MAX, MIN, DIF, or AVG temperature can be displayed.
To recall values from the LOG loop, do the following: 1. Release or unlock the trigger, if necessary. 2. Press the RECALL button. The RCL icon will be activated. 3. Press the RUN/LOG button, if necessary, so that the LOG icon is activated. 4. Read the recalled temperature from the display. 5. Press the ▲ or ▼ buttons (LOC mode) to recall values from other LOG locations. RECALL contains two modes: LOC (location) and MAX (as shown in Figure 2-9).
2.4.7 SETUP Loop–To Setup and Activate Alarms and Features The SETUP loop is for setting up and activating alarms and features in either the RUN or LOG loops. 2.4.7.1 SETUP Values for RUN Figure 2-10 illustrates SETUP for the RUN loop.
To setup values for the RUN modes and functions, do the following: 1. Release or unlock the trigger, if necessary. 2. Press the SET button. The SET icon will be activated. 3. Press the RUN/LOG button, if necessary, so that the LOG icon is not activated. 4. Press ACTIVATE to toggle between °C or °F for the display and data output. 5. Press the MODE button to switch between HAL, LAL, TAM, and DOI. Press the ▲ or ▼ buttons to change the HAL, LAL, TAM, and DOI settings. 6.
7. Set the TAM value by pressing the ▲ and ▼ buttons. 8. Press the ACTIVATE button to turn on the ambient temperature compensation function. The Tamb icon will be displayed indicating that it is active. (Pressing ACTIVATE again turns off the function.) 9. Pull trigger and reset the emissivity to the proper value for the target. You can now take the target’s temperature using normal procedures.
5. Press the MODE button. 6. Press the ▲ or ▼ buttons to change the HAL setting (HAL mode). 7. Press ACTIVATE to activate the HAL setting for the selected location. SET contains two modes: LOC and HAL (as shown in Figure 2-11). In SET, the LOG location can be selected and the high alarm value (HAL) can be set for each location (independent of the setting for the RUN loop). Note the following: • • Press the MODE button to change modes. Press the backlight button if a brighter display is needed. 2.
2.6 DATA OUTPUTS Data outputs from the instrument provide a direct interface to chart recorders, printers, and computers. All models are equipped with an output jack capable of providing analog and digital signals, which are user selectable in the SET loop. The format of these signals are as follows: • Digital: RS-232 Format: ASCII data Baud Rate: 9600 Data Format: 8 bits, 1 stop bit, no parity • Analog: 1 mV/° (°C or °F) for all models except the 1M 1 mV/°C or 0.
2.6.1 Digital Output The following sections describe the digital data outputs for each mode. 2.6.1.1 Data Output—RUN Loop In the RUN loop, the temperature scale, current temperature, emissivity, mode temperature (MAX, MIN, DIF, or AVG), HAL or LAL, a carriage return, and a line feed are sent out at intervals determined by the DOI (set in the SET loop) when the trigger is pulled. HAL or LAL is sent out if the temperature is above HAL or below LAL (when they are activated).
Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Indicates HAL is active and temperature HAL value. Mode changed to MIN. Mode changed to DIF. Mode changed to AVG. Main and Average temperatures went negative. Average temperature goes positive and is 100°F. Average temperature is up to 999.9°F. Average temperature is now greater than 999.9°F so decimal point is no longer displayed. 9. Indicates LAL is active and temperature LAL value. 10. Scale is changed from °F to °C. 11. Emissivity is changed to 1.00. 2.6.1.
2.6.1.3 Data Output—LOG Run Loop When you press the trigger (first stage only) in the LOG Loop, data will be sent out only for those locations that have stored data. The temperature scale, stored main temperature, stored emissivity, stored MAX temperature, location number, HAL, a carriage return, and a line feed are sent out when the trigger is pressed. HAL is sent out if the stored temperature is above or equal to the HAL value for that location, and HAL is activated.
2.6.1.4 Data Output—LOG SETUP Loop After entering the LOG SETUP loop (both the LOG and SET icons are activated), setup parameters are sent out when the SET button is pressed again. This information can be sent out at any time in the LOG SETUP mode. HAL, temperature scale, and the location number are sent out and terminated by a carriage return and line feed. A total of 16 characters are sent out.
2.6.2 Analog Output The analog output is made up of the following: • Output: 1 mV/° (°C or °F) for all models except 1M 1 mV/°C or 0.5 mV/°F for the 1M • Output impedance: 1.3 KW Use the signal output jack accessory. The analog output represents the current temperature of the object being measured, regardless of the mode used. If Tamb compensation is activated, the analog output will be representative of the compensated temperature values.
2.7 SIGHTING SYSTEMS The aiming options for this instrument are laser(s), scope, or laser and scope combination. Laser sighting is available in single or dual spot models or in a crossed laser model. Two different laser power levels are available for this product. Please refer to the label on your unit and to the following label diagrams (Figure 2-13) to determine the one that you have. The following table shows the specifications for both laser types.
AVOID EXPOSURE LASER RADIATION IS EMITTED FROM THIS APERTURE. FDA Class II POR ESTA ABERTURA SE EMITE RADIACION LASER. EVITE EXPONER LA VISTA. FDA Class IIIa y ; y ; AVOID EXPOSURE LASER RADIATION IS EMITTED FROM THIS APERATURE.
2.7.1 Single Laser Sighting A single laser unit (see Figure 2-14) indicates the center of the area being measured, not the diameter of the spot. (To find out the diameter of the spot being measured, refer to the optical charts in Appendix A.) Figure 2-14: Single Laser Sighting 2.7.2 Dual Laser Sighting A dual laser unit indicates the diameter of the spot being measured. To take a measurement, aim the unit at the target and move closer or farther until the target is within the laser dots.
2.7.3 Crossed Laser Sighting The distance at which the two laser dots overlap is the point where the smallest area is measured (Focus Point). To find this distance, aim the unit at the target and move closer or farther until the laser beams overlap. Refer to Figure 2-16 for a comparison of the IR spot and laser beam diameters. Crossed Laser Focus Point D:S = 75:1 Far Field D:S = 20:1 DISTANCE: SENSOR TO OBJECT (in) SPOT DIA. (in) 0 24 36 60 120 180 12 9 Focus Point 0.
2.7.5 Scope with Laser Sighting The scope and single laser sighting model (Figure 2-18) combines the parallax-free sighting of the scope with the convenience of the laser. The combination unit has a single class 2 laser. It indicates the center of the target being measured, not the diameter of the spot being measured. See section 2.7.1 and Figure 2-14 for further details on the laser.
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3.0 SPECIFICATIONS This section covers the following specifications: • • • • • Thermal Operational Electrical Environmental Physical Also covered are factory default settings for each model as well as factory default settings and range values for all models. 3.1 THERMAL Table 3-1 lists thermal specifications for each model.
3.2 OPERATIONAL Table 3-2 lists operational specifications for each model. Table 3-2: Operational Specifications LT, LR, LRSCL2 Temperature Display Display and Digital Output Resolution 1M 2M 1°C or 1°F (0.1°C or 0.1°F in AVG Mode for temperatures up to 999.9°) Membrane Switch Panel Adjustable from 0.10 to 1.00 in 0.01 increments (default = 0.
3.3 ELECTRICAL Table 3-3 lists electrical specifications for each model. Table 3-3: Electrical Specifications LT, LR, LRSCL2 Analog Output 1M 2M 1mV/°C (1mV/°F) 1mV/°C (0.5mV/°F) G5 P7 1mV/°C (1mV/°F) Analog Output Range Same as Measurement Range in Table 3-1 Analog Output Impedance 1.
3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL Table 3-4 lists environmental specifications for each model. Table 3-4: Environmental Specifications 1M LT, LR, LRSCL2 Relative Humidity 2M G5 P7 10 to 95% at up to 30°C (86°F) under non-condensing conditions Storage Temperature -20 to 50°C (-4 to 120°F) without battery Ambient Operating Temperature 0 to 50°C (32 to 120°F) Note: The laser will turn off automatically if the instrument’s internal temperature exceeds 45° C (113° F). 3.
3.6 DEFAULT VALUES Table 3-6 lists the factory default values for each model. Table 3-6: Model Specific Factory Default Values Hi Alarm Lo Alarm T.
Note: When you simultaneously press the MODE and ACTIVATE buttons while in the RUN loop, the instrument is reset to its RUN loop factory default settings (stored data is unaffected). In the LOG loop, pressing the MODE and ACTIVATE buttons not only resets the instrument to its LOG loop factory default settings, but also clears all previously stored data. In both cases, the instrument will “beep” after reinstalling the default settings. Section 3.
4.0 MAINTENANCE 4.1 BATTERY REPLACEMENT When the battery icon comes on, you need to replace the batteries. To open the battery compartment, press gently on the middle of the sliding panel (located on the bottom of the handle) and slide it to the rear of the unit. Remove the batteries and replace with four AA batteries. Be sure to insert the new batteries so they point in the proper direction. (A symbol on the side of the handle shows the proper battery orientation.
4.2.2 Cleaning the Housing To clean the instrument’s housing, simply use soap and water or a mild commercial cleaner. Wipe with a damp sponge or soft rag. Use a soft rag to gently wipe the display. 4.3 LASER MAINTENANCE If the laser (laser models only) does not operate properly, call your infrared thermometer supplier. DO NOT open the instrument’s main housing.
APPENDIX A: OPTICAL HOW TO READ THE OPTICAL CHARTS The optical charts indicate the nominal target spot diameter at various distances from the sensing head. Information on the top line of each chart shows the different spot diameters at the distances from the sensor given on the bottom line (see Figure A-1). All measurements are in millimeters or meters and inches.
OPTICAL CHARTS Note that the optical resolution values are stated at minimum 90% energy (95% for 1M). 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 33 2.0 3.5 6.5 5.0 7.3 0.3 IN @ 24 IN 4.6 1.9 23 48 118 8 mm @ 610 mm 203 0 1000 1500 3000 5000 DISTANCE: SENSOR TO OBJECT IN MILLIMETERS FAR FIELD D:S = 20:1 8.0 IR Spot Diameter at Lens = 23 mm (0.9 in) Laser Diameter at Lens = 40 mm (1.6 in) IR Beam Profile Laser Profile 86 124 165 203 0 1.
60 36 Spot Diameter (in) 2.8 47 71 3.8 95 9 6 23 53 5.7 119 143 12 15 FAR FIELD D:S = 90:1 97 0 1000 1500 5000 3000 DISTANCE: SENSOR TO OBJECT IN MILLIMETERS FAR FIELD D:S = 40:1 DISTANCE: SENSOR TO OBJECT IN FEET LRL2 LRL3 LRSC Spot Diameter (mm) 0 10 20 1.7 2.4 43 61 3 0 30 3.3 81 9 6 DISTANCE: SENSOR TO OBJECT IN FEET 10 20 30 Focus Point 2.0 IN @ 15 FT 1.5 38 40 6.8 5.0 102 124 12 15 FAR FIELD D:S = 100:1 50 8.8 3.0 74 122 171 218 0 4.1 4.
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APPENDIX B: OBJECT EMISSIVITY HOW TO DETERMINE OBJECT EMISSIVITY Emissivity is a measure of an object’s ability to absorb, transmit, and emit infrared energy. It can have a value from 0.0 (perfect mirror) to 1.0 (blackbody). When setting the emissivity value on your sensor, if you set a higher than actual emissivity value, the output will read low (provided the target temperature is above the local’s ambient temperature). For example, if you set 0.95 and the actual target emissivity is 0.
TYPICAL EMISSIVITY VALUES The following tables provide references for estimating emissivity and can be used when none of the previous three determining steps are practical. Emissivity values shown in the tables are only approximate. Any or all of the following parameters can affect the emissivity of an object: 1. Temperature 2. Angle of measurement 3. Geometry (plane, concave, convex, etc.) 4. Thickness 5. Surface quality (polished, rough, oxidized, sandblasted) 6. Spectral region of measurement 7.
Table B-1 (continued): Emissivity Values for Metals Material Iron Oxidized Unoxidized Rusted Molten Iron, Cast Oxidized Unoxidized Molten Iron, Wrought Dull Lead Polished Rough Oxidized Magnesium Mercury Molybdenum Oxidized Unoxidized Monel (Ni-Cu) Nickel Oxidized Electrolytic Platinum Black Silver Steel Cold-Rolled Ground Sheet Polished Sheet Molten Oxidized Stainless Tin (Unoxidized) Titanium Polished Oxidized Tungsten Polished Zinc Oxidized Polished Emissivity 1.0µm 1.6µm 8-14µm 0.4-0.8 0.35 n.r. 0.
Table B-2: Emissivity Values for Non-Metals Asbestos Asphalt Basalt Carbon Unoxidized Graphite Carborundum Ceramic Clay Concrete Cloth Glass Plate “Gob” Gravel Gypsum Ice Limestone Paint (non-Al.) Paper (any color) Plastic (opaque, over 20 mils) Rubber Sand Snow Soil Water Wood, Natural 1.0µm 5.0µm 7.9µm 8-14µm 0.9 n.r. n.r. 0.9 0.95 0.7 0.95 0.95 0.7 0.95 0.95 0.7 0.8-0.95 0.8-0.9 n.r. 0.4 n.r. 0.65 n.r. 0.8-0.9 0.7-0.9 0.9 0.85-0.95 0.85-0.95 0.9 0.95 0.8-0.9 0.7-0.8 0.9 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.
APPENDIX C: TROUBLESHOOTING The portable instrument is equipped with a failsafe program that lets you know if it is over or under range while in the MAX, MIN, DIF, or AVG modes. The failsafe program also lets you know the instrument has a failed component. All failsafe information displays on the control panel and is sent to the RS-232 and analog outputs. Figure C-1 shows how the control panel displays the over range and under range failsafe codes.
MIN Mode: If the object’s temperature is over range, the panel’s main display and RS-232 output are sent the -O- failsafe code. The mode display and RS232 ouput are sent either the correct MIN temperature or the -O- failsafe code. The analog output is sent the maximum temperature for your model. If the object’s temperature is under range, the panel’s main and mode displays and RS-232 output are sent the -U- failsafe code. The analog output is sent the minimum temperture for your model.
FAILED COMPONENT If the microprocessor fails, the panel’s main and mode displays and RS-232 output are sent a 7777 failsafe code (see Figure C-2). The analog output is sent the maximum temperature for your model.
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APPENDIX D: OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES ACCESSORIES A full range of accessories for various applications and industrial environments is available. Accessories may be ordered at any time and added on-site.
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APPENDIX E: TRACEABILITY OF INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION The temperature sources (blackbodies) used to calibrate this instrument are traceable to the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The calibration sources for this instrument were certified by a NIST certified calibration laboratory and are traceable to NIST primary standards. The certificate describes the equipment used for calibration and any corresponding NIST report numbers.
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APPENDIX F: CE CONFORMITY FOR THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY This instrument conforms to the following standards: • EN50081-1:1992, Electromagnetic Emissions • EN50082-1:1992, Electromagnetic Susceptibility Tests were conducted over a frequency range of 27–500 MHz with the instrument in three orientations. The instrument’s average error in this frequency range for the three orientations is 3.1° C at an electric field strength of 3 V/m. At some frequencies the instrument may not meet its stated accuracy.
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Glossary Of Terms Absolute Zero The temperature (0 Kelvin) of an object defined by the theoretical condition where the object has zero energy.
DIG/ANA Digital/Analog switch. On units with this feature, a user can switch between digital and analog outputs. Digital Data Bus A means for transmitting coded digital data on a common buss in accordance with a standard format such as RS-232 or IEEE-488. Digital Output Interval (DOI) The time interval between variable length digital message transmissions containing temperature and system status information. DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN). The German standard for many instrumentation products.
Infrared (IR) The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum extending from the far red visible at approximately 0.75 µm, out to 1000 µm. However, because of instrument design considerations and the atmospheric windows, most infrared measurements are made between 0.75 µm and 20 µm. Infrared Thermometer An instrument that converts incoming IR radiation from a spot on a target surface to a measurement value that can be related to the temperature of that spot.
Neutral Density Filter An optical element used to restrict the amount of energy reaching an instrument’s detector by ideally attenuating the energy at all wavelengths by the same amount. NIST Traceability Calibration in accordance with and against standards traceable to NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA). Traceability to NIST is a means of ensuring that reference standards remain valid and their calibration remains current.
RS-232 (1-way) A 1-way transfer of digital information from a digital output. RS-232 is a standardized format for asynchronous serial data transfer. RTD Resistance Temperature Device. A contact measurement device whose resistance varies with temperature. RUN The RUN Loop is used when standard spot measurements need to be taken. Scatter See Size of Source Effect. Setpoint Temperature setting which when crossed by the actual temperature value will trigger an event and/or cause a relay to change state.
Temperature Coefficient (or Ambient Derating) An indication of the instruments ability to maintain accuracy when the ambient conditions are subject to a slow change or drift. The temperature coefficient is usually expressed as the percent change in accuracy per degree change in ambient temperature. For a rapid change in ambient conditions refer to Thermal Shock.
