RS 2100 Switch Router Getting Started Guide Release 7.0 36-003-03 Rev.
COPYRIGHT NOTICES © 2001 by Riverstone Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Riverstone Networks, Inc. 5200 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA 95054 Printed in the United States of America This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley, and its contributors. © 1979 – 1994 by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.1 How to Use This Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.2 Related Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 2 RS 2100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 Configuration Changes and Saving the Configuration File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 Activating the Configuration Commands in the Scratchpad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 Saving the Active Configuration to the Startup Configuration File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 Viewing the Current Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 Front view of an RS 2100 chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Figure 2-2 Front panel of gigabit ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Figure 3-1 Installing the RS 2100 chassis in an equipment rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xviii Riverstone Networks RS 2100 Switch Router Getting Started Guide
LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 ISO 7-layer model and RS 2100 capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Table 2-2 Basic hardware and software specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Table 2-3 Status LEDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xx Riverstone Networks RS 2100 Switch Router Getting Started Guide
1 ABOUT THIS GUIDE This guide provides a general overview of the hardware and software features, and provides procedures for initial installation and set up of the RS 2100. 1.1 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE If You Want To... See...
Related Documentation 1-2 Riverstone Networks RS 2100 Switch Router Getting Started Guide About This Guide
2 RS 2100 INTRODUCTION The Riverstone RS 2100 provides non-blocking, wire-speed Layer-2 (switching), Layer-3 (routing), and Layer-4 (application) switching. This chapter provides a basic overview of the RS 2100 software and hardware feature set. Note 2.1 For the latest operating software and user documentation, check the Riverstone Networks web site at www.riverstonenet.com.
Specifications 2.2 RS 2100 Introduction SPECIFICATIONS The RS 2100 provides high-speed switching and full non-blocking throughput. The hardware provides high-speed performance regardless of the performance monitoring, filtering, and Quality of Service (QoS) features enabled by the software. The following table lists the basic hardware and software specifications for the RS 2100. Table 2-2 Basic hardware and software specifications Feature Specification Throughput • • 8.
RS 2100 Introduction 2.3 Software Overview SOFTWARE OVERVIEW This section describes the features and capabilities of the RS 2100 in greater detail. For full information regarding the use of these features and capabilities, see the Riverstone RS Switch Router User Guide. 2.3.
Software Overview Note RS 2100 Introduction All other protocols that require routing must be tunneled using IP. By default, the RS 2100 uses one MAC address for all interfaces. The RS 2100 can be configured to have a separate MAC address for each IP interface and a separate MAC address for each IPX interface.
RS 2100 Introduction 2.3.4 Software Overview Layer-4 Switching In addition to layer-2 bridging and layer-3 routing, the RS 2100 performs layer-4 switching. Layer-4 switching is based on applications and flows. Layer-4 Applications – The RS 2100 understands the application for which an IP or IPX packet contains data and therefore enables you to manage and control traffic on an application basis. For IP traffic, the RS 2100 looks at the packet’s TCP or UDP port number to determine the application.
Software Overview • RS 2100 Introduction Layer-4 application flows QoS mechanisms supported on the RS 2100 include the following: • • • • • • • Traffic control queuing Weighted random early detection Weighted fair queuing Strict priority queuing QoS traffic control queues ToS octet rewrites Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) and the creation of LSPs for traffic engineering Note 2.3.7 Traffic control queuing is based on assigning traffic to one of four queues: control, high, medium, and low.
RS 2100 Introduction Software Overview SSL persistence – a binding is determined by matching the source IP address and the virtual destination IP/port address. Note that requests from any source socket with the client IP address are considered part of the same session. Sticky persistence – a binding is determined by matching the source and destination IP addresses only. This allows all requests from a client to the same virtual address to be directed to the same load balancing server.
Hardware Overview 2.4 RS 2100 Introduction HARDWARE OVERVIEW This section describes the RS 2100’s hardware specifications. For information on installing the hardware, see Chapter 3, "Hardware Installation." 2.4.1 Chassis The RS 2100 chassis contains eight gigabit Ethernet (1000Base-SX) ports. The RS 2100’s configuration is fixed at eight gigabit ports. No expansion modules are available. Figure 2-1 shows the front view of an RS 2100 chassis.
RS 2100 Introduction 2.4.3 Hardware Overview Motherboard Features The internal “motherboard” performs all the RS 2100’s computing and routing functions. It contains system-wide bridging and routing tables. Traffic that does not yet have an entry in the L2 and L3/L4 lookup tables on individual gigabit ports is handled by the motherboard. After processing traffic, the motherboard updates the L2 and L3/L4 tables on the gigabit ports that received the traffic.
Hardware Overview 2.4.4 RS 2100 Introduction Fans The RS 2100 contains three internal fans to provide cooling air flow across the motherboard and gigabit ports. The fans are located near the middle of the chassis, between the power supplies and the motherboard. To ensure that the fans can provide adequate cooling, Riverstone recommends that you allow a minimum of 3 inches of clearance on each side of the chassis. Warning 2.4.
RS 2100 Introduction Hardware Overview LEDs The gigabit ports use the following LEDs. Table 2-6 Gigabit port LEDs LED Description Per-port Link Green – Indicates that the port hardware detects a cable plugged into the port and a good link is established. Red (intermittent) – Indicates that the port received an error during operation. Red (solid) – Indicates that the port hardware detects a cable plugged into the port, however, a bad link is established.
Hardware Overview 2-12 Riverstone Networks RS 2100 Switch Router Getting Started Guide RS 2100 Introduction
3 HARDWARE INSTALLATION This chapter provides hardware installation instructions and information on safety considerations, environmental considerations, and regulatory standards. 3.1 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Read the following safety warnings and product cautions to avoid personal injury or product damage. 3.1.1 Preventing Injury Observe the following safety warnings to prevent accidental injury when working with the RS 2100 hardware: • • Be careful when lifting the RS 2100 out of the shipping box.
Hardware Specifications 3.2 Hardware Installation HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS The following table lists the physical and environmental specifications for the RS 2100. Table 3-1 RS 2100 physical and environmental specifications Specification Measurement Dimensions Inches: 2.8” (height) x 17” (width) x 18.5” (depth) Centimeters: 7.1cm x 43.2cm x 47cm Weight Pounds: 22 Kilograms: 10 Power 100-125 VAC, 2.6 A maximum; 200-240 VAC, 1.
Hardware Installation 3.2.3 Hardware Specifications Installing the Chassis Install the RS 2100 in a standard 19” equipment rack. Warning Before performing any mechanical upgrade or installation procedures, ensure that the RS 2100 is powered off. Warning Never attempt to rack mount the RS 2100 unaided. Ask an assistant to help you hold the chassis. To install the RS 2100 chassis in an equipment rack, use the following procedure. You need a #2 Phillips-head screwdriver to perform this procedure. 1.
Hardware Specifications Hardware Installation G21-B Link Rx AN Tx Link 1 Rx AN 1 Tx Link Rx AN Tx Link 2 Tx Rx AN 10/100 MGMT OK HBT CONSOLE 1 Link 1 Tx Link 2 4 RS 2100 2 SYS RST Tx 3 ERR DIAG Rx AN Tx Link Rx AN 1 Rx AN Tx Link Rx AN 2 2 Figure 3-1 Installing the RS 2100 chassis in an equipment rack Warning 3.2.4 Make sure the screws are tight before your assistant releases the chassis.
Hardware Installation Table 3-2 Hardware Specifications Wiring map for serial cable Signal (RS 2100 serial port) Pin Signal (management console port) Unused 1 Unused TXD (transmit data) 2 RXD (receive data)a RXD (receive data) 3 TXD (transmit data) Unused 4 Unused GND (ground) 5 GND (ground) Unused 6 Unused CTS (clear to send) 7 CTS (clear to send) RTS (request to send) 8 RTS (request to send) Unused 9 Unused a.
Hardware Specifications Table 3-3 Hardware Installation Wiring map for MDI management cable (Continued) Signal (RS 2100 port) Pin Signal (management console port) RXD (receive data) 6 TXD (transmit data) Unused 7 Unused Unused 8 Unused a. The right hand column pin assignments are for the RJ-45 connector on the RS 2100. Pin 1 (TXD or “transmit data”) must emerge on the management console’s end of the connection as RXD (“receive data”).
4 RS 2100 INITIAL CONFIGURATION This chapter provides the following information on powering up the RS 2100 for the first time, and performing basic setup procedures.
Powering on the RS 2100 RS 2100 Initial Configuration Here is a partial example: Boot Software Version prom-2.0.0.5, Built Jan 5 2001 20:18:57 Processor: R5000 rev 2.1 [0x2321], 160 MHz, (bus: 80 MHz), 128 MB DRAM I-Cache 32 KB, linesize 32. D-Cache 32 KB, linesize 32. Mounting 16MB flash card . . .
RS 2100 Initial Configuration 5. Powering on the RS 2100 As prompted, press Return (or Enter) to activate the Command Line Interface (CLI) on the console. Note If prompted for a password, simply press the Return key. The default passwords are blank. Note If the message “SYS-E-NOFLASHCARD” appears while booting the RS 2100, the system has not detected its internal flash memory. If this occurs, reboot the system.
Starting the Command Line Interface 4.2 RS 2100 Initial Configuration STARTING THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE To start the Command Line Interface (CLI), power on the system, as described in Section 4.1, "Powering on the RS 2100" After the software is fully booted, press Return (or Enter) to activate the CLI. If prompted for a password, simply press Return; the factory default passwords for all access levels is blank. 4.2.
RS 2100 Initial Configuration 4.2.2 Starting the Command Line Interface Basic Line Editing Commands The CLI supports Emacs-like line editing commands. The following table lists some commonly used commands. For a complete set of commands, see the Riverstone RS Switch Router Command Line Interface Reference Manual.
Configuration Changes and Saving the Configuration File 4.3 RS 2100 Initial Configuration CONFIGURATION CHANGES AND SAVING THE CONFIGURATION FILE The RS 2100 uses three special configuration files: Table 4-3 Configuration file contents File Descriptions Scratchpad The configuration commands you have entered during a management session. These commands do not become active until you explicitly activate them.
RS 2100 Initial Configuration Note 4.3.2 Configuration Changes and Saving the Configuration File If you exit the Configure mode (by entering the exit command or pressing Ctrl+z), the CLI will ask you whether you want to make active the changes in the scratchpad. If you do not make the changes in the scratchpad active, the changes will be lost when you log out.
Configuration Changes and Saving the Configuration File 4.3.3 RS 2100 Initial Configuration Viewing the Current Configuration To view the current configuration: 1. Ensure that you are in Enable mode by entering the enable command. 2.
RS 2100 Initial Configuration 4.4 Setting the Basic System Information SETTING THE BASIC SYSTEM INFORMATION Follow the procedures in this section to set the following system information: • • • • • System time and date System name System location Contact name (the person to contact regarding this RS 2100) IP address for the management port on the RS 2100 Note Some of the commands in this procedure accept a string value.
Setting the Basic System Information RS 2100 Initial Configuration Here is an example: rs(config)# system set name "rs" rs(config)# system set location "Houston, TX" rs(config)# system set contact "John Smith" 5. Use the interface add ip command to set the IP address and netmask for the en0 Ethernet interface. The en0 Ethernet interface is used by the RS 2100’s management port. Here is an example: rs(config)# interface add ip en0 address-netmask 16.50.11.22/16 Note 6.
RS 2100 Initial Configuration 9. Setting the Basic System Information Save the Active configuration to the Startup configuration file using the following command: copy active to startup 10.
Setting Up Passwords 4.5 RS 2100 Initial Configuration SETTING UP PASSWORDS You can password-protect CLI access to the RS 2100 by setting up passwords for User mode access and Enable mode access. Users who have a User password but not an Enable password can use only the commands available in User mode. Users with an Enable password can use commands available in the Enable and Configure modes, as well as the commands in User mode.
RS 2100 Initial Configuration 4.5.1 Setting Up Passwords If You Forget Your Passwords If you forget your passwords follow this procedure to regain access to your RS 2100. Note To perform this procedure, you must use a terminal or PC running terminal emulation software that is connected directly to the RS 2100 through its DB-9 console port. 1. Power cycle the RS 2100. 2. Interrupt the normal boot-cycle and enter Boot mode by pressing the “Esc” key. 3.
Setting Up Passwords 5. RS 2100 Initial Configuration When the RS 2100 finishes booting, enter the following commands (when prompted, answer yes): rs> enable rs# copy startup to scratchpad rs# config rs(config)# system set password login none rs(config)# system set password enable none rs(config)# save startup Are you sure you want to overwrite the Startup configuration [no]? yes There are non-committed configuration changes.
RS 2100 Initial Configuration 4.6 Setting Up SNMP SETTING UP SNMP To use SNMP to manage the RS 2100, you need to set up an SNMP community and specifying the IP address of the target host for SNMP traps. Otherwise, the RS 2100’s SNMP agent runs in local trap process mode, unless disabled using the snmp stop command. For additional information about configuring and using SNMP, see the Riverstone RS Switch Router User Guide. 4.6.
Setting Up SNMP RS 2100 Initial Configuration By default, SNMP information is sent and received on the RS 2100’s en0 Ethernet port. If you want SNMP to use a different port on the RS 2100, use the following command snmp set trap-source | Here is an example: rs(config)# snmp set trap-source 134.152.78.192 SNMP will now use the port with IP address 134.152.78.192. Remember, to make this change permanent, enter the save startup command 4.6.
RS 2100 Initial Configuration Setting Up SNMP For additional information about RS 2100 security and ACLs, see the Riverstone RS Switch Router User Guide. 4.6.3 Supported MIBs The following lists the MIBs that are supported by the RS 2100 SNMP agent.
Setting the DNS Domain Name and Address 4.7 RS 2100 Initial Configuration SETTING THE DNS DOMAIN NAME AND ADDRESS Associating a DNS name server with your RS 2100 allows you to use device names (rather than IP addresses) when entering certain commands. For example, you can use a device’s name (which the DNS server knows) when using the ping command. If you want the RS 2100 to access a DNS server, use the following procedure to specify the domain name and IP address for the DNS server. 1.
RS 2100 Initial Configuration 7. Setting the DNS Domain Name and Address Exit Configure mode, then enter the system show dns command to verify the new DNS settings: Here is an example: rs# system show dns DNS domain: mrb.com, DNS server(s): 16.50.11.12 8. Use the ping command to verify that the RS can resolve the DNS server name into its IP address: Here is an example: rs# ping rs PING rs.mktg.mrb.com (16.50.11.22): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 16.50.11.22: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0 ms --- rs.mktg.
Setting the SYSLOG Parameters 4.8 RS 2100 Initial Configuration SETTING THE SYSLOG PARAMETERS The RS 2100 can use SYSLOG messages to communicate the following types of messages to a SYSLOG server: Table 4-5 Types of SYSLOG messages Message Type Description Fatal Information about events that caused the RS 2100 to crash and reset. Error Information about errors. Warning Warnings against invalid configuration information and other conditions that are not necessarily errors.
RS 2100 Initial Configuration Note Setting the SYSLOG Parameters The is a string of the form: user, kern, or local0 through local7. These strings are reserved by the SYSLOG server daemon. for information on how is used by the SYSLOG server, see the documentation for your server’s syslog.conf file. Here is an example: rs# config rs(config)# system set syslog server 16.50.11.12 rs(config)# system set syslog level info rs(config)# system set syslog facility local0 5.
Setting the SYSLOG Parameters 4-22 Riverstone Networks RS 2100 Switch Router Getting Started Guide RS 2100 Initial Configuration
5 MANAGING RS 2100 SOFTWARE This chapter describes how to perform operations regarding RS 2100 operating software and bootPROM images software. The following topics are covered: • • • • Upgrading the system image software Upgrading the Boot PROM image software Loading RS 2100 software from a TFTP server Loading RS 2100 software from a BootP/TFTP server 5.1 UPGRADING SYSTEM IMAGE SOFTWARE To upgrade the system software and boot using the upgraded image, perform the following procedure. 1.
Upgrading System Image Software Managing RS 2100 Software system image add Note The is the full directory path and filename to the image software file on the TFTP server. Here is an example: rs# system image add 134.152.178.5 tftpboot/rs7300 Downloading image 'tftpboot/rs7300' from host '134.152.178.5' to local image rs7300 (takes a while) . . . download: done save: kernel: 100% done Image checksum validated.
Managing RS 2100 Software Note 7. Upgrading Boot PROM Software You do not need to activate this change. Reboot the RS 2100 to load and run the new system software image. 5.2 UPGRADING BOOT PROM SOFTWARE The RS 2100 boots using the boot PROM image software installed on the motherboard’s internal memory. To upgrade the boot PROM image, use the following procedure. 1. Display the current boot settings by entering the system show version command. Note the current Boot Prom Image version.
Upgrading Boot PROM Software Managing RS 2100 Software Here is an example: rs# system promimage upgrade 134.152.178.5 tftpboot/prom-26 Downloading image 'tftpboot/prom-26' from host '134.152.178.5' image is a prom upgrade to version 'prom-2.0.0.6' tftp complete checksum valid. Ready to program. Active-CM: flash found Active-CM: erasing... Active-CM: programming... Active-CM: verifying... Active-CM: programming successful. Active-CM: Programming complete. rs# 4. Reboot the RS 2100. 5.
Managing RS 2100 Software 5.3 Loading Software from the Network LOADING SOFTWARE FROM THE NETWORK Typically, the RS 2100 loads its operating software from the flash memory contained on the motherboard. Alternately, the RS 2100 can be configured to ignore its internal flash image and obtain its software from a network server. The RS 2100 can obtain its image software from either a TFTP or BootP/TFTP server. 5.3.
Loading Software from the Network rs-boot> rs-boot> rs-boot> rs-boot> rs-root> set set set set set Managing RS 2100 Software netaddr netmask gateway bootsource bootaddr Here is an example: rs-boot> rs-boot> rs-boot> rs-boot> rs-boot> 6. set set set set set netaddr 134.152.179.132 netmask 255.255.255.224 gateway 134.152.179.129 bootsource /tftpboot/ros70 bootaddr 134.152.176.
Managing RS 2100 Software 5.3.2 Loading Software from the Network Loading Image Software from a BootP/TFTP Server The RS 2100 contains a BootP client and can be configured to obtain its image software from a BootP/TFTP server. Using the BootP client allows the RS 2100 to obtain its software network address from the server using only its MAC address. This eliminates the need to initially configure the RS’s IP address, subnet mask, and boot source.
Loading Software from the Network 6. Reboot the RS 2100 by entering the reboot command at the Boot prompt. Here is an example rs-boot> reboot Ethernet Base address = 00:00:1d:12:34:56 Ethernet CPU address = 00:00:1d:12:34:57 Performing Bootp with timeout in 5 seconds. ** plen = 300 plen - sizeof(struct bootp) = 0 BOOTPD='134.141.179.134' netaddr='134.141.179.132' * bootp source is C:\TFTPBOOT\ROS70 Booting boot file C:\TFTPBOOT\ROS70. source: tftp://134.141.179.
APPENDIX A TROUBLESHOOTING If you experience difficulty with the basic hardware or software setup procedures in this guide, check the following table to see whether the difficulty you are experiencing is described. If you find a description of the difficulty you are experiencing, try the resolution(s) recommended for the difficulty.
Table A-1 Troubleshooting (Continued) If you experience this difficulty Try this remedy Configuration changes are not reinstated after a reboot. To save the configuration changes to the Startup configuration file, use the procedure in Section 4.3.2, "Saving the Active Configuration to the Startup Configuration File." The RS 2100 is not resolving DNS names. To set up DNS, use the procedure in Section 4.7, "Setting the DNS Domain Name and Address.
INDEX Numerics CLI 1000-Mbps port...................................... 2-10 10Base-T/100Base-TX management port 2-8 A access modes ............................................ 4-4 activating config commands in scratchpad4-6 activating the Command Line Interface... 4-3 adding new image to internal flash .......... 5-1 address-based bridging............................. 2-3 annotations in configuration files............. 4-8 application switching ............................... 2-5 assigning DNS servers .
copy active to startup.......................4-7, 4-11 copy startup to scratchpad ...................... 4-14 Ctrl+z........................................................ 4-4 D damage, preventing .................................. 3-1 date and time ............................................ 4-9 DB-9 console port .................................... 4-1 DB-9 port.................................................. 2-8 default baud rate ....................................... 2-8 default name .............
IGMP ................................................. 2-4 Multi-Protocol Label Switching............... 2-6 N NVRAM ................................................... 2-9 O OSPF v2 ....................................................... 2-4 overview ................................................... 2-1 hardware ............................................ 2-8 P password bypassing ......................................... 4-13 Enable .............................................. 4-12 User............
set command............................ 4-13, 5-5, 5-7 setting basic system information .............. 4-9 setting boot source.................................... 5-5 setting date and time................................. 4-9 setting passwords....................................4-12 setting system contact............................... 4-9 setting system location ............................. 4-9 setting system name ................................. 4-9 setting trap target...................................
upgrading software image-file-name................................. 5-2 ip add route ........................................ 5-1 system image add............................... 5-2 system image choose ......................... 5-2 system image list ............................... 5-2 TFTP server ....................................... 5-1 upgrading system image software............ 5-1 User access mode ..................................... 4-4 V viewing active configuration..................
